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Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious disease that can be fatal for the mother and fetus. The two-stage theory has been proposed as its cause, with the first stage comprising poor placentation associated with the failure of fertilized egg implantation. Successful implantation and placentation require maternal immunotolerance of the fertilized egg as a semi-allograft and appropriate extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion of the decidua and myometrium. The disturbance of EVT invasion during implantation in PE results in impaired spiral artery remodeling. PE is thought to be caused by hypoxia during remodeling failure–derived poor placentation, which results in chronic inflammation. High-mobility group protein A (HMGA) is involved in the growth and invasion of cancer cells and likely in the growth and invasion of trophoblasts. Its mechanism of action is associated with immunotolerance. Thus, HMGA is thought to play a pivotal role in successful pregnancy, and its dysfunction may be related to the pathogenesis of PE. The evaluation of HMGA function and its changes in PE might confirm that it is a reliable biomarker of PE and provide prospects for PE treatment through the induction of EVT proliferation and invasion during the implantation.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease characterized by degeneration of spinal cord motor neurons, atrophy of skeletal muscles, and generalized weakness. It is caused by gene deletions or other mutations in the survival motor neuron 1 gene on chromosome 5q13. There are three types of SMA. Of these types, SMA type 1 (SMA1) is distinguished by the disease onset before 6 months of age and death within the first two years of life. We report a case study of a pregnant SMA1 gene carrier for whom a prenatal diagnosis was performed. The woman delivered a healthy baby, and she was free of anxiety due to the prenatal diagnosis. The case was a 34-year-old woman with a history of giving birth to children with SMA1(3 gravida 2 para). The first baby was diagnosed with SMA1 and died 9 months later. During her second pregnancy, the fetus was prenatally diagnosed with SMA1, and the parents chose to have an artificial abortion. In her third pregnancy, the fetus was prenatally diagnosed as a gene carrier of SMA1 and was delivered. During her fourth pregnancy, a prenatal diagnosis was performed using amniocentesis after genetic counseling, and the fetus was diagnosed as a gene carrier of SMA1. A 3.310 g female baby was delivered with Apgar scores of 9 at 1 minute and 9 at 5 minutes. When a prenatal diagnosis of SMA is performed, various guidelines should be followed, and the patient should be provided with genetic counseling.

Multiple techniques have been used for the conservative treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-CIN) in women of fertile age. Conization has been associated with stenosis of the cervix and a decrease in cervical mucus secretion, in addition to the increase in the risk of cervical canal shortening and problems during the perinatal period, including premature birth and premature rupture of membranes. Although the laser transpiration technique does not cause shortening of the cervical canal, it is associated with the recurrent risk of deep residual disease. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic safety and efficacy of the therapy performed using the transaction magnetic field induction heating device, AMTC400, in fertile patients with HG-CIN (excluding carcinoma in situ). Four premenopausal patients with CIN3 and high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive were treated using an AMTC400. Chronological colposcopic findings, high-risk HPV, final histological findings with conization and follow-up data were evaluated. All the treatments were successfully performed on the in-patients without anesthesia. Intra- and postoperative complications included minor pain and bleeding in all cases. Two of the cases (50%) were high-risk HPV-negative following the treatments. All cases exhibited a change in the observed color (to white), and subsequent epithelization following treatment. Although cytological analysis at 5 weeks following the treatment confirmed the cases were negative for intraepithelial lesions and malignancies, a definitive histology with conization 6 weeks following the treatment confirmed CIN1 and koilocytosis in all cases. The assessment of treatment effectiveness was determined as a moderate improvement in all cases. In conclusion, thermotherapy applied using AMTC400 represented a safe and effective treatment for HG-CIN in women of fertile age. However, additional improvements associated with the site of puncture needles are required. Further studies are required to confirm the long-term efficacy and reproductive outcomes.