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The diagnosis of decompression illness (DCI), which is based on a history of decompression and clinical findings, can sometimes be confounded with other vascular events of the central nervous system. The authors report three cases of divers who were urgently transported to a hyperbaric facility for hyperbaric oxygen treatment of DCI which at admission turned out to be something else. The first case, a 45-year-old experienced diver with unconsciousness, was clinically diagnosed as having experienced subarachnoid hemorrhage, which was confirmed by CT scan. The second case, a 49-year-old fisherman with a hemiparesis which occurred during diving, was diagnosed as cerebral stroke, resulting in putaminal hemorrhage. The third case, a 54-year-old fisherman with sensory numbness, ataxic gait and urinary retention following sudden post-dive onset of upper back pain, was diagnosed as spinal epidural hematoma; he also showed blood collection in the spinal canal. Neurological insults following scuba diving can present clinically with confusing features of cerebral and/or spinal DCI. We emphasize the importance of considering cerebral and/or spinal vascular diseases as unusual causes of neurological deficits after or during diving.

成人血友病患者における廃用性筋力低下の実態を明らかにするため,患者27名を対象に,膝・足関節のX線所見,膝関節可動範囲(正常可動域に対する百分率),膝屈伸筋の筋トルク値について検討した.関節症の発生率は,膝関節よりも足関節のほうが高かった.膝関節可動範囲は血友病性関節症のX線分類でgrade3-(1)までは良好に保たれていたが,3-(2)以上で有意に減少した.筋力は関節症の進行とともに減少していた.また,関節症の所見がない段階でも,健常男性に比し有意に筋力が低下しており,廃用による筋力低下を示す症例があった.したがって,関節症のない時期より,日常の活動性の向上や筋力維持など包括的リハビリテーションを行う必要がある.