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172 results on '"Kato, Toshinori"'

1. Relationship Between Decrease of Oxygenation During Incremental Exercise and Partial Pressure End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Vector Analysis

Author

Kojima, Sho, Morishita, Shinichiro, Hotta, Kazuki, Qin, Weixiang, Kato, Toshinori, Oyama, Katsunori, Tsubaki, Atsuhiro, Crusio, Wim E., Series Editor, Dong, Haidong, Series Editor, Radeke, Heinfried H., Series Editor, Rezaei, Nima, Series Editor, Steinlein, Ortrud, Series Editor, Xiao, Junjie, Series Editor, Nemoto, Edwin M., editor, Harrison, Eileen M., editor, Pias, Sally C., editor, Bragin, Denis E., editor, Harrison, David K., editor, and LaManna, Joseph C., editor

Published
2021
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9. Vector-Based Approach for the Detection of Initial Dips Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Author

Kato, Toshinori

Subjects
Medical
Abstract

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive method for the detection of local brain activity using changes in the local levels of oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) and deoxyhemoglobin (deoxyHb). Simultaneous measurement of the levels of oxyHb and deoxyHb is an advantage of fNIRS over other modalities. This review provides a historical description of the physiological problems involved in the accurate identification of local brain activity using fNIRS. The need for improved spatial and temporal identification of local brain activity is described in terms of the physiological challenges of task selection and placement of probes. In addition, this review discusses challenges with data analysis based on a single index, advantages of the simultaneous analysis of multiple indicators, and recently established composite indicators. The vector-based approach provides quantitative imaging of the phase and intensity contrast for oxygen exchange responses in a time series and may detect initial dips related to neuronal activity in the skull. The vector plane model consists of orthogonal vectors of oxyHb and deoxyHb. Initial dips are hemodynamic reactions of oxyHb and deoxyHb induced by increased oxygen consumption in the early tasks of approximately 2–3 seconds. The new analytical concept of fNIRS, able to effectively detect initial dips, may extend further the clinical and social applications of fNIRS.

Published
2020

18. Zopiclone の中枢作用

Author

Tanabe, Kyoko, Kinoshita, Yukako, Tokuyoshi, Kooji, Houri, Daisuke, Yanagino, kazuo, Kato, Toshinori, Kimishima, Kenjiro, Tanabe, Kyoko, Kinoshita, Yukako, Tokuyoshi, Kooji, Houri, Daisuke, Yanagino, kazuo, Kato, Toshinori, and Kimishima, Kenjiro

Published
2018

19. Vector-Based Approach for the Detection of Initial Dips Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Author

Kato, Toshinori and Kato, Toshinori

Abstract

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive method for the detection of local brain activity using changes in the local levels of oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) and deoxyhemoglobin (deoxyHb). Simultaneous measurement of the levels of oxyHb and deoxyHb is an advantage of fNIRS over other modalities. This review provides a historical description of the physiological problems involved in the accurate identification of local brain activity using fNIRS. The need for improved spatial and temporal identification of local brain activity is described in terms of the physiological challenges of task selection and placement of probes. In addition, this review discusses challenges with data analysis based on a single index, advantages of the simultaneous analysis of multiple indicators, and recently established composite indicators. The vector-based approach provides quantitative imaging of the phase and intensity contrast for oxygen exchange responses in a time series and may detect initial dips related to neuronal activity in the skull. The vector plane model consists of orthogonal vectors of oxyHb and deoxyHb. Initial dips are hemodynamic reactions of oxyHb and deoxyHb induced by increased oxygen consumption in the early tasks of approximately 2–3 seconds. The new analytical concept of fNIRS, able to effectively detect initial dips, may extend further the clinical and social applications of fNIRS.

Published
2018
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21. Assessment of brain death in children by means of P-31 MR spectroscopy: preliminary note

Author

Kato, Toshinori, Tokumaru, Aya, O'uchi, Toshihiro, Mikami, Ichiro, Umeda, Masahiro, Nose, Koichiro, Eguchi, Tsuneyoshi, Hasegawa, Motohiro, and Okuyama, Kazuo

Subjects
Death -- Proof and certification, Brain death -- Diagnosis, Nuclear magnetic resonance -- Usage, Health
Abstract

Determination of brain death is extremely important in today's world of advanced medical technology. Breathing and blood circulation, as well as other basic bodily functions, can be maintained artificially for long periods of time. Judging when death occurs is becoming more dependent upon the determination of brain death. Criteria have been established for determining when brain death occurs in adults, but not in children. Children's brains can recover functioning that adult brains can not. Invasive techniques can make such determinations, but they are quite dangerous in children who are near death. This study examined the use of P-31 magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy to assess brain death. This is a noninvasive technique that measures phosphorous metabolism in the brain, based on the unique magnetic properties of elements. Phosphorous metabolism is required in a living brain. Twenty-four patients, including 3 infants, 4 children, and 17 adults who had met the criteria for brain death in adults, were examined with P-31 MR spectroscopy. Results showed that, in the 21 children and adults examined, MR peaks were not detected for 7 phosphorous-containing substances which are high in normal brains; a single peak (monopeak) was observed. These findings were also noted in two of the three infants. Cardiac death soon followed in the 23 patients with these findings on P-31 MR spectroscopy. The third infant showed some normal peaks, although the adult criteria for brain death had been met. This infant continued to live and, instead of brain death, a persistent vegetative state was diagnosed. These results indicate that P-31 MR spectroscopy may be useful in determining brain death in young children and infants. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1991

24. Effects of Stimulus Intensity on fMRI and MEG in Somatosensory Cortex Using Electrical Stimulation

Author

Iramina, Keiji, Kamei, Hirotake, Uchida, Seiya, Kato, Toshinori, Ugurbil, Kamil, Yumoto, Masato, and Ueno, Shoogo

Subjects
Electric stimulation -- Usage, Cerebral cortex -- Research, Magnetoencephalography -- Methods, Magnetic resonance imaging -- Methods, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

To clarify the relationship between neuronal activity and the hemodynamic response, activations of the primary somatosensory cortex were studied using MEG(magnetoencepahlogram) and fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging). Effects of stimulus intensity by electrical stimulation to the right thumb was investigated. We focused on the number of activated pixels, time courses of hemodynamic response obtained by fMRI, and dipole moments of neuromagnetic activity. For fMRI experiments, a number of activated pixels and signal power, which was defined as the integrated value of MR signal, greatly increased when an increase in stimulus intensity generated pain. This trend, however, did not correspond to the observed MEG responses. When the stimulus intensity changed, fMRI responses showed the different tendency of MEG responses. Index terms - fMRI, MEG, signal power, somatosensory response

Published
1999

25. Study on the Mechanism of Improvement of Realistic Sensation on Driving Simulator Based on Measurement of Cortical Brain Activity for Sign and Information Boards

Author

JEONG, Yonghyun, primary, SUGIMACHI, Toshiyuki, additional, NAKANO, Kimihiko, additional, TABUCHI, Yoshihiko, additional, SUDA, Yoshihiro, additional, ORINO, Yoshitomo, additional, YAMAMOTO, Kouji, additional, KAMEOKA, Hiroyuki, additional, TAKAHASHI, Hideki, additional, OKA, Noriyuki, additional, YOSHINO, Kayoko, additional, and KATO, Toshinori, additional

Published
2016
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41. Cover Picture: Macromol. Symp. 242/2006

Author

Kaneko, Takeshi, primary, Suda, Kazuya, additional, Satoh, Kotaro, additional, Kamigaito, Masami, additional, Kato, Toshinori, additional, Ono, Tomohiro, additional, Nakamura, Eiji, additional, Nishi, Toshio, additional, and Jinnai, Hiroshi, additional

Published
2006
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42. A “ladder” Morphology in an ABC Triblock Copolymer

Author

Kaneko, Takeshi, primary, Suda, Kazuya, additional, Satoh, Kotaro, additional, Kamigaito, Masami, additional, Kato, Toshinori, additional, Ono, Tomohiro, additional, Nakamura, Eiji, additional, Nishi, Toshio, additional, and Jinnai, Hiroshi, additional

Published
2006
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