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Background:\ud Well-being is a multifaceted construct, and measuring well-being, both within particular groups and at a national level, is a priority for policy and practice. This national agenda on measuring well-being is mirrored in the Higher Education sector. This is the first conceptual review of how well-being is measured among university students in the UK.\ud \ud Aims:\ud The aims of the review were to identify (i) the definitions or conceptualisations of well-being guiding the selection of well-being indicators for research within this population and (ii) measures of well-being used in university students in the UK.\ud \ud Methods:\ud A scoping review method was used.\ud \ud Results:\ud Twenty-eight validated indicators used to measure well-being in UK students were identified. While many were direct measures of (primarily mental or psychological) well-being, indirect “proxy” indicators, including measures of mental health symptoms, were identified.\ud \ud Conclusions:\ud This review has highlighted that there are inconsistencies in defining and measuring university student well-being, and the measures that have been used in this population are focused on subjective experience. These findings are in line with reviews of well-being measures in the general population. Implications for further research are discussed.

Online abuse, facilitated via social media and mobile technologies, has recently attracted considerable academic attention. The nonconsensual sharing of intimate images—revenge pornography—can have a devastating effect on victims, is a global problem, and constitutes interpersonal violence. The national helpline in the United Kingdom has now received over 7,000 calls. In the United Kingdom, new legislation making revenge pornography a crime was introduced in 2014, yet the police do not always respond appropriately to victims. This article presents the findings of a national online survey of police understanding of revenge pornography, undertaken in the United Kingdom in March 2017. The study set out to investigate police knowledge of revenge pornography legislation, their confidence in responding to cases of revenge pornography, and what level of training they had received. A total of 783 members of the police force responded to the survey and, to the authors’ knowledge, this the first study to seek to quantify the understanding of revenge pornography by police officers and staff in England and Wales. The findings suggest that the police in the United Kingdom have a limited understanding of revenge pornography legislation and lack confidence both in investigating cases and in effectively responding to victims. The implications of the study demonstrate that there is an urgent need for training across police forces to ensure that cases of revenge pornography are appropriately responded to, victims are safeguarded, and offenders brought to justice.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To investigate the effects of chlorpromazine alone versus lithium alone in the treatment of schizophrenia, schizophrenia‐like psychoses and schizoaffective psychoses. It is expected that the implementation of several subgroup analyses may be possible (see Subgroup analysis and investigation of heterogeneity).

The study of action selection in humans can present challenges of task design since our actions are usually defined by many degrees of freedom and therefore occupy a large action-space. While saccadic eye-movement offers a more constrained paradigm for investigating action selection, the study of reach-and-grasp in upper limbs has often been defined by more complex scenarios, not easily interpretable in terms of such selection. Here we present a novel motor behaviour task which addresses this by limiting the action space to a single degree of freedom in which subjects have to track (using a stylus) a vertical coloured target line displayed on a tablet computer, whilst ignoring a similarly oriented distractor line in a different colour. We ran this task with 55 subjects and showed that, in agreement with previous studies, the presence of the distractor generally increases the movement latency and directional error rate. Further, we used two distractor conditions according to whether the distractor's location changes asynchronously or synchronously with the location of the target. We found that the asynchronous distractor yielded poorer performance than its synchronous counterpart, with significantly higher movement latencies and higher error rates. We interpret these results in an action selection framework with two actions (move left or right) and competing 'action requests' offered by the target and distractor. As such, the results provide insights into action selection performance in humans and supply data for directly constraining future computational models therein., Comment: 28 pages, 12 figures, journal article

The purpose of this paper is to present a discussion upon the value of youth employment. The focus is placed specifically upon the findings of a study investigating the effectiveness and impact of a social enterprise community cafe within the east of England. Social enterprise cafA©s are proving to be positive ways of engaging young people in employment opportunities, increasing wellbeing and community cohesion within the most deprived areas of the country. High levels of deprivation and unemployment across particular districts in Suffolk mean young people within these areas are not fulfilling their life potential. Thus exploring the impact of a newly formed self-sustaining community cafe invested in engaging young people within Suffolk is of particular interest. A mixed methods approach was implemented, adopting both qualitative and quantitative methods. Quantitative analysis of customer surveys in addition to one-to-one semi-structured interviews with stakeholders and young people were utilized. The qualitative data suggests that young people felt pride and gratitude when discussing their experience and the opportunities offered to them. Stakeholder interviews also reveal an enthusiasm regarding the unique support available for young people typically presenting with complex needs and tainted aspirations. Data from customer satisfaction surveys suggest that the majority of the public describe the cafA© environment, food and drink as excellent in quality. The results provide insight into the value and potential for self-sustaining social enterprises to improve youth employment, and subsequent quality of life, within areas of high deprivation.

Doctoral researchers and early career researchers (ECRs) are crucial to producing scientific advancements and represent the future of academic leadership. Their research endeavours were changed radically by lockdowns in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to explore the perceived benefits and challenges of the national lockdown in the UK from the perspective of doctoral researchers and ECRs. We present analysis of qualitative survey data from 1,142 doctoral researchers and ECRs on their experiences of the first UK lockdown collected from April 16, 2020–May 14, 2020. Our findings suggest considerable heterogeneity in how the pandemic impacted this key group of academic workers. Challenges arising from the lockdown largely cohered around a poor work environment, limited access to resources, perceptions of pressure, and negative psychological outcomes. Conversely, respondents also highlighted several benefits in the early stages of the pandemic, with the change to working from home creating more time, resulting in greater productivity and a better work-life balance. Collectively, findings indicate the importance of considering the personal circumstances and needs of individual researchers. We discuss the implications for support these researchers require to rebuild their careers in the wake of the initial disruption.