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Mid-infrared light interactions with porcine skin are quantified using a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer and a Quantum Cascade Laser. Transmission is achieved in 600 μm thick samples. The absorption coefficient is estimated at 5.6 mm-1.

Grossly normal supraspinatus tendons were analyzed by stereomicroscope dissection and three-dimensional serial-section reconstruction. Four structurally independent subunits were identified: the tendon proper extended from the musculotendinous junction to approximately 2.0 cm medial to the greater tuberosity. It was composed of parallel collagen fascicles oriented along the tensional axis and separated by a prominent endotenon region. There was no interdigitation of fascicles, and an 18% incidence of fascicle convergence as the fascicles coursed from muscle toward greater tuberosity. The attachment fibrocartilage extended from the tendon proper to the greater tuberosity, consisted of a complex basket-weave of collagen fibers, and stained diffusely with alcian blue. The densely packed unidirectional collagen fibers of the rotator cable extended from the coracohumeral (CH) ligament posteriorly to the infraspinatus, coursing both superficial and deep to the tendon proper. The capsule was composed of thin collagen sheets each with uniform fiber alignment that differed slightly between sheets. These data describe a specialized tendon capable of internally compensating for changing joint angles through fascicles which are structurally independent and can slide past one another. The tendon attachment exhibits a structure adapted to tensional load dispersion and resistance to compression.

SYNOPSIS. Protozoa of the order Euglenida contain a polysaccharide storage product, paramylon, composed of 1, 3-linked glucose molecules arranged into an extremely resistant granule. An enzyme was purified from the soluble phase of Euglena gracilis which would degrade this polysaccharide to single glucose residues, providing the integrity of the paramylon granule was 1st disrupted by dilute base. This enzyme, a β-1, 3 glucanase, had optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 60 C and bound tightly to base-disrupted paramylon substrate tho not to the intact granules. The specific activity of the enzyme was doubled when cell cultures reached stationary phase, the phase where net carbohydrate utilization began. An ATP-dependent hexokinase reaction was also present in Euglena homogenate. No phosphorylase activity has been found in Euglena. It is suggested, therefore, that Euglena do utilize their paramylon as a carbohydrate reserve and the mechanism of this utilization is by exo-hydrolytic cleavage to free glucose followed by phosphorylation and glycolysis.

1. 1. Conditions are discussed for obtaining population levels of 200,000/ml in 6 days using axenic cultures of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. Lifespan and growth data under these conditions are presented. 2. 2. An isolation procedure which results in high quality mitochondria is presented, and metabolic data on respiaration rates, respiratory control ratios, and ADP: O ratios using various substrates are given. 3. 3. The effects of inhibitors of respiration and ATPase activity and of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation are presented. 4. 4. Cytochrome content of the mitochondria as determined from difference spectra is given. No indication of the large amounts of the b type pigment reported in Turbatrix aceti was found. 5. 5. The metabolism and respiratory chain of C. elegans appear to be similar to the classic mammalian systems. The only gross difference noted was the absence of ATPase stimulation by traditional uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. In this respect, the C. elegans mitochondria resemble more closely those of ascaris.

Reserve granules of the dinoflagellate Thecadinium inclinatum Balech were analyzed and found to be composed of a polyglucan very similar to the starches of higher plants.