185 results on '"Katherine Chang"'
Search Results
2. Adolescent-onset depression is associated with altered social functioning into middle adulthood
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Katherine Chang and Kate Ryan Kuhlman
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Depression during sensitive periods of social development may have consequences that extend well beyond mental health, and far into adulthood. This study compared the social functioning of adults with adolescent-onset depression (ages 10–20) to those with adult-onset depression (ages 21+). Participants were 3,360 adults (67.2% female; ages 42 ± 15) who had experienced major depression. Adult functional outcomes were marital status, divorce, number of children, years of education, employment status, household income, dependency on welfare, and obesity. Participants with depression during adolescence were less likely to get married, have children, and more likely to have lower household incomes. Depression during adolescence may be associated with broader functional outcomes that impact individuals and society, and may be mitigated through intervention and effective policy.
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- 2022
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3. A multi‐institutional study evaluating and describing atypical parathyroid tumors discovered after parathyroidectomy
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Alice L. Tang, Benjamin Aunins, Katherine Chang, James C. Wang, Matthew Hagen, Lan Jiang, Cortney Y. Lee, Reese W. Randle, Jeffery J. Houlton, David Sloan, and David L. Steward
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atypical ,parathyroid tumors ,recurrent laryngeal nerve ,Otorhinolaryngology ,RF1-547 ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
Abstract Objective To describe common intraoperative and pathologic findings of atypical parathyroid tumors (APTs) and evaluate clinical outcomes in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy. Methods In this multi‐institutional retrospective case series, data were collected from patients who underwent parathyroidectomy from 2000 to 2018 from three tertiary care institutions. APTs were defined according to the AJCC eighth edition guidelines and retrospective chart review was performed to evaluate the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, recurrence of disease, and disease‐specific mortality. Results Twenty‐eight patients were identified with a histopathologic diagnosis of atypical tumor. Mean age was 56 years (range, 23–83) and 68% (19/28) were female. All patients had an initial diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism with 21% (6/28) exhibiting clinical loss of bone density and 32% (9/28) presenting with nephrolithiasis or renal dysfunction. Intraoperatively, 29% (8/28) required thyroid lobectomy, 29% (8/28) had gross adherence to adjacent structures and 46% (13/28) had RLN adherence. The most common pathologic finding was fibrosis 46% (13/28). Postoperative complications include RLN paresis/paralysis in 14% (4/28) and hungry bone syndrome in 7% (2/28). No patients with a diagnosis of atypical tumor developed recurrent disease, however there was one patient that had persistent disease and hypercalcemia that is being observed. There were 96% (27/28) patients alive at last follow‐up, with one death unrelated to disease. Conclusion Despite the new AJCC categorization of atypical tumors staged as Tis, we observed no recurrence of disease after resection and no disease‐specific mortality. However, patients with atypical tumors may be at increased risk for recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and incomplete resection.
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- 2022
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4. Tracking cognition with the T‐MoCA in a racially/ethnically diverse older adult cohort
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Cuiling Wang, Caroline O. Nester, Katherine Chang, Laura A. Rabin, Ali Ezzati, Richard B. Lipton, and Mindy J. Katz
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cognitive screening ,health disparities ,intraclass correlation coefficient ,Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) ,neuropsychology ,practice effects ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 ,Geriatrics ,RC952-954.6 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction We investigated the utility of the Telephone‐Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T‐MoCA) to track cognition in a diverse sample from the Einstein Aging Study. Methods Telephone and in‐person MoCA data, collected annually, were used to evaluate longitudinal cognitive performance. Joint models of T‐MoCA and in‐person MoCA compared changes, variance, and test‐retest reliability measured by intraclass correlation coefficient by racial/ethnic group. Results There were no significant differences in baseline performance or longitudinal changes across three study waves for both MoCA formats. T‐MoCA performance improved over waves 1–3 but declined afterward. Test‐retest reliability was lower for the T‐MoCA than for the in‐person MoCA. In comparison with non‐Hispanic Whites, non‐Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics performed worse at baseline on both MoCA formats and showed lower correlations between T‐MoCA and in‐person versions. Conclusions The T‐MoCA provides valuable information on cognitive change, despite racial/ethnic disparities and practice effects. We discuss implications for health disparity populations. Highlights We assessed the comparability of Telephone‐Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T‐MoCA) and in‐person MoCA for tracking cognition. Changes within 3 years in T‐MoCA were similar to that for the in‐person MoCA. T‐MoCA is subject to practice effects and shows difference in performance by race/ethnicity. Test‐retest reliability of T‐MoCA is lower than that for in‐person MoCA.
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- 2023
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5. Understanding Mental Health Apps for Youth: Focus Group Study With Latinx Youth
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Elena Agapie, Katherine Chang, Sneha Patrachari, Martha Neary, and Stephen M Schueller
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Medicine - Abstract
BackgroundAn increasing number of mental health apps (MHapps) are being developed for youth. In addition, youth are high users of both technologies and MHapps. However, little is known about their perspectives on MHapps. MHapps might be particularly well suited to reach the youth underserved by traditional mental health resources, and incorporating their perspectives is especially critical to ensure such tools are useful to them. ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to develop and pilot a process for eliciting youth perspectives on MHapps in a structured and collaborative way. We also sought to generate learnings on the perspectives of Latinx youth on MHapps and their use in ways that might facilitate discovery, activation, or engagement in MHapps, especially in Latinx populations. MethodsWe created a series of focus groups consisting of 5 sessions. The groups introduced different categories of MHapps (cognitive behavioral therapy apps, mindfulness apps, and miscellaneous apps). Within each category, we selected 4 MHapps that participants chose to use for a week and provided feedback through both between-session and in-session activities. We recruited 5 youths ranging in age from 15 to 21 (mean 18, SD 2.2) years. All the participants identified as Hispanic or Latinx. After completing all 5 focus groups, the participants completed a brief questionnaire to gather their impressions of the apps they had used. ResultsOur focus group methodology collected detailed and diverse information about youth perspectives on MHapps. However, we did identify some aspects of our methods that were less successful at engaging the youth, such as our between-session activities. The Latinx youth in our study wanted apps that were accessible, relatable, youth centric, and simple and could be integrated with their offline lives. We also found that the mindfulness apps were viewed most favorably but that the miscellaneous and cognitive behavioral therapy apps were viewed as more impactful. ConclusionsEliciting youth feedback on MHapps is critical if these apps are going to serve a role in supporting their mental health and well-being. We refined a process for collecting feedback from the youth and identified factors that were important to a set of Latinx youth. Future work could be broader, that is, recruit larger samples of more diverse youth, or deeper, that is, collect more information from each youth around interests, needs, barriers, or facilitators or better understand the various impacts of MHapps by using qualitative and quantitative measures. Nevertheless, this study advances the formative understanding of how the youth, particularly Latinx youth, might be viewing these tools.
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- 2022
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6. The Addition of Chemoradiation to Adjuvant Chemotherapy is Associated With Improved Survival Following Upfront Surgical Resection for Pancreatic Cancer With Nodal Metastases
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Ariella M. Altman MD, McKenzie J. White MD, Schelomo Marmor PhD, MPH, Dip Shukla MD, Katherine Chang MD, Emil Lou MD, Christopher J. LaRocca MD, Jane Y.C. Hui MD, MS, Todd M. Tuttle MD, MS, Eric H. Jensen MD, and Jason W. Denbo MD
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Background It is unclear whether the addition of chemoradiation (CRT) to adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) following upfront resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) provides any benefit. While some studies have suggested a benefit to combined modality therapy (CMT) (adjuvant CT plus CRT), it is not clear if this benefit was related to increased CT usage in patients who received CMT. We sought to clarify the use of CMT in patients who underwent upfront resection of PDAC. Methods Patients with non-metastatic PDAC were retrospectively identified from the linked SEER-Medicare database. Those who underwent upfront resection were identified and divided into two cohorts – patients who received adjuvant CT and patients who received adjuvant CMT. Cohorts were compared. Univariate analysis described patient characteristics. Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to estimate overall survival (OS). Results 3555 patients were identified; 856 (24%) received CT and 573 (16%) received CMT. The median number of CT doses was 11 for both groups. Patients who received CMT were younger, diagnosed in the earlier time frame, and had fewer comorbidities. The median OS was 21 months and 18 months for those treated with CMT and CT ( P < .0001), respectively, but when stratified by nodal status, the association with improved OS in the CMT cohort was only observed in node-positive patients. On multivariable analysis, receipt of CMT and removal of >15 lymph nodes decreased the risk of death ( P < .05). Discussion Receipt of CMT following upfront resection for PDAC was associated with improved survival, which was confined to node-positive patients. The role of adjuvant CMT in PDAC with nodal metastases warrants further study.
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- 2022
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7. The Inhibitory Receptor Siglec-8 Interacts With FcεRI and Globally Inhibits Intracellular Signaling in Primary Mast Cells Upon Activation
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Wouter Korver, Alan Wong, Simon Gebremeskel, Gian Luca Negri, Julia Schanin, Katherine Chang, John Leung, Zachary Benet, Thuy Luu, Emily C. Brock, Kenneth Luehrsen, Alan Xu, and Bradford A. Youngblood
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mast cells ,IgE receptor ,Siglec-8 ,intracellular signaling ,proteomics ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Immunomodulation of mast cell (MC) activity is warranted in allergic and inflammatory diseases where MCs have a central role in pathogenesis. Targeting Siglec-8, an inhibitory receptor on MCs and eosinophils, has shown promising activity in preclinical and clinical studies. While the intracellular pathways that regulate Siglec-8 activity in eosinophils have been well studied, the signaling mechanisms that lead to MC inhibition have not been fully elucidated. Here, we evaluate the intracellular signaling pathways of Siglec-8-mediated inhibition in primary MCs using an anti-Siglec-8 monoclonal antibody (mAb). Phospho-proteomic profiling of FcεRI-activated MCs revealed Siglec-8 mAb-treatment globally inhibited proximal and downstream kinases, leading to attenuated MC activation and degranulation. In fact, Siglec-8 was found to directly interact with FcεRI signaling molecules. Siglec-8 inhibition was dependent on both cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) that interact with the SH2 containing protein phosphatase Shp-2 upon Siglec-8 phosphorylation. Taken together, these data support a model in which Siglec-8 regulates proximal FcεRI-induced phosphorylation events through phosphatase recruitment and interaction with FcεRIγ, resulting in global inhibition of MCs upon Siglec-8 mAb engagement.
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- 2022
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8. The learning environment in the obstetrics and gynecology clerkship: an exploratory study of students' perceptions before and after the clerkship
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Laura E. Baecher-Lind, Katherine Chang, and Maria A. Blanco
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student mistreatment ,workplace learning ,Ob/Gyn clerkship ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
For reasons that remain not entirely clear, Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ob/Gyn) clerkships often exhibit comparatively higher rates of medical student mistreatment. To explore perceptions of our local learning environment, focus groups were held with students yet to start (pre-students) and students having completed (post-students) their Ob/Gyn clerkship. Topics of discussion included learning expectations and experiences, perceptions of mistreatment, and suggestions for improving the learning environment and student treatment. Using a naturalistic approach, we conducted a conventional content analysis to identify emergent themes. Nine pre-students and nine post-students participated. While pre-students anticipated being actively engaged, they also expected – based on peer accounts – to be subject to an unwelcoming learning environment on the Ob/Gyn clerkship, despite working hard to become team members. Due to patient advocacy and protection concerns, post-students reported low levels of student involvement and, subsequently, an overall passive learning experience. Students from both groups offered valuable suggestions for improving the learning environment and student treatment. The sensitive nature of Ob/Gyn clinical encounters may lead to overprotective behaviors that contribute to students feeling mistreated and excluded from patient care and team membership. Students’ experiences during Ob/Gyn clerkships could be improved by better balancing patient advocacy and student involvement. Practical implications to address these issues are offered.
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- 2015
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9. Possibilidades do WHOQOL-bref para a promoção da saúde na estratégia saúde da família
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Anna Maria Chiesa, Lislaine Aparecida Fracolli, Elma Lourdes Pavone Campos Zoboli, Sayuri Tanaka Maeda, Danielle Freitas Alvim de Castro, Débora Gomes Barros, Regina Célia Ermel, and Katherine Chang
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Calidad de vida ,Promoción de la salud ,Atención Primaria de Salud ,Programa de Salud Familiar ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Nursing ,RT1-120 ,Mental healing ,RZ400-408 ,Education (General) ,L7-991 - Abstract
A ampliação das ações de promoção da saúde na Estratégia Saúde da Família pode contribuir para a construção da integralidade, mas, ainda persistem lacunas de tecnologias para instrumentalizar os profissionais a analisarem os potenciais de saúde da população. O objetivo deste estudo é sintetizar as contribuições do WHOQOL-bref para instrumentalizar ações de promoção da saúde na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Foi realizada uma metassíntese qualitativa a partir de pesquisas realizadas pelo grupo Modelos tecnoassistenciais e a promoção da saúde com o uso do WHOQOL-bref e sua interface com a promoção da saúde. As sínteses das cinco pesquisas mostraram que existem relações conceituais entre os domínios do WHOQOL-bref e a promoção da saúde, legitimando este como um instrumento para a promoção da saúde. A utilização do WHOQOL-bref pode facilitar o vinculo e o cuidado longitudinal na Estratégia Saúde da Família.
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- 2011
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10. Free tissue reconstruction in the 'vessel‐depleted' neck: A multi‐institutional cohort study
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Katherine Chang, Kenneth E. Akakpo, Evan M. Graboyes, Joseph Zenga, Sidharth V. Puram, and Patrik Pipkorn
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Surgery - Published
- 2022
11. Supplementary Figures 1-4 from Use of Multifunctional Sigma-2 Receptor Ligand Conjugates to Trigger Cancer-Selective Cell Death Signaling
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William G. Hawkins, Robert H. Mach, Richard S. Hotchkiss, Peter Goedegebuure, John R. Hornick, Jonathan E. McDunn, Katherine Chang, Dong Zhou, Suwanna Vangveravong, Chenbo Zeng, Jinbin Xu, Hiroyuki Kashiwagi, Peter O. Simon, and Dirk Spitzer
- Abstract
PDF file - 83K
- Published
- 2023
12. Data from Use of Multifunctional Sigma-2 Receptor Ligand Conjugates to Trigger Cancer-Selective Cell Death Signaling
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William G. Hawkins, Robert H. Mach, Richard S. Hotchkiss, Peter Goedegebuure, John R. Hornick, Jonathan E. McDunn, Katherine Chang, Dong Zhou, Suwanna Vangveravong, Chenbo Zeng, Jinbin Xu, Hiroyuki Kashiwagi, Peter O. Simon, and Dirk Spitzer
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One major challenge in the development of cancer therapeutics is the selective delivery of the drugs to their cellular targets. In the case of pancreatic cancer, the σ-2 receptor is a unique target that triggers apoptosis upon activation. We have previously developed a series of chemical compounds with high affinity for the σ-2 receptor and showed rapid internalization of the ligands. One particular specific ligand of the σ-2 receptor, SV119, binds to pancreatic cancer cells and induces target cell death in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we characterized the ability of SV119 to selectively deliver other death-inducing cargos to augment the cytotoxic properties of SV119 itself. When conjugated to SV119, small molecules that are known to interfere with intracellular prosurvival pathways retained their ability to induce cell death, the efficiency of which was enhanced by the combinatorial effect of SV119 delivered with its small molecule cargo. Our findings define a simple platform technology to increase the tumor-selective delivery of small molecule therapeutics via σ-2 ligands, permitting chemotherapeutic synergy that can optimize efficacy and patient benefit. Cancer Res; 72(1); 201–9. ©2011 AACR.
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- 2023
13. 1396 Antibody blockade of the immunoinhibitory receptor Siglec 10 polarizes tumor associated myeloid cells and promotes anti-tumor immunity
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Julia Schanin, Thuy Luu, Robert Sanchez, Milene Peterson, Lisa McEwan, Evan Henneberry, Katherine Chang, Wouter Korver, John Leung, and Bradford Youngblood
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- 2022
14. Understanding Mental Health Apps for Youth: A Focus Group Study with Latinx Youth (Preprint)
- Author
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Elena Agapie, Katherine Chang, Sneha Patrachari, Martha Neary, and Stephen M. Schueller
- Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of mental health apps (MHapps) are being developed that focus on youth. Additionally, youth report being high users of technologies generally and MHapps specifically. Little is known, however, about youth’s perspectives on MHapps and methods to better involve youth in the process of providing feedback on apps. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to develop a process for eliciting youth perspectives on MHapps in a structured and collaborative way. We also sought to identify early learnings on aspects of MHapps and youths’ use of them that might facilitate discovery, activation, or engagement in MHapps. METHODS We created a series of five focus groups sessions that would introduce youth to different categories of MHapps (cognitive behavior therapy apps, mindfulness apps, miscellaneous). Within each category, we select four MHapps and participants would choose one to use for the week and provide feedback through both between-session and in-session activities. At the end of completing all five of the focus groups, participants completed a brief questionnaire to gather their impressions of the apps they had used. RESULTS We identified several aspects regarding MHapps that were important to youth. Youth wanted apps that were youth-centric, simple, could integrate with their offline lives, and also were relatable and accessible. We also found that the mindfulness apps we assigned to youth were viewed most favorably but that cognitive-behavioral therapy apps were viewed as more impactful. CONCLUSIONS Eliciting youth feedback on MHapps is critical if these apps are going to serve a role in supporting their mental health and wellbeing. We identified factors that were important to youth and refined a process for collecting feedback. Future work could go broader, i.e., recruiting larger samples of more diverse youth, or deeper, i.e., collecting more information from each youth around interests, needs, barriers, or facilitators or better understanding the various impacts of MHapps using qualitative and quantitative measures. Nevertheless, this study advances formative understanding of how youth might be viewing these tools. CLINICALTRIAL N/A
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- 2022
15. An Agonistic Monoclonal Antibody Against Siglec-6 Broadly Inhibits Mast Cell Activation in Transgenic Mice
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Zachary Benet, Thuy Luu, Emily Brock, Robert Sanchez, Lisa McEwen, Krysta Coyle, Katherine Chang, John Leung, Julia Schanin, and Bradford Youngblood
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Immunology ,Immunology and Allergy - Published
- 2023
16. Nasal inflammatory profile in patients with COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction
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Katherine Chang, Dorina Kallogjeri, Jay Piccirillo, Stacey L. House, Justin Turner, John Schneider, and Nyssa Fox Farrell
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Smell ,Olfaction Disorders ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Immunology and Allergy ,COVID-19 ,Humans - Published
- 2021
17. Inner and outer worlds: Xiao Xing Hu's watercolor depictions of people from various walks of life go beyond verisimilitude to the probing of the human soul
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Liu, Katherine Chang
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Painters -- Investigations ,Company legal issue ,Arts, visual and performing - Abstract
XIAO XING HU (pronounced Shiow Shing Hoo) grew up in Kunming, China, during the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s. He taught himself to draw and paint at a time characterized [...]
- Published
- 2015
18. Completion of Adjuvant Chemotherapy After Upfront Surgical Resection for Pancreatic Cancer Is Uncommon Yet Associated With Improved Survival
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Todd M Tuttle, Emil Lou, Eric H. Jensen, Katherine Chang, Keith Wirth, Schelomo Marmor, Jane Yuet Ching Hui, Jason W. Denbo, and Ariella M. Altman
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Male ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Adenocarcinoma ,030230 surgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pancreatectomy ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surgical oncology ,Internal medicine ,Pancreatic cancer ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results ,Humans ,Medicine ,Survival rate ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Aged, 80 and over ,Chemotherapy ,business.industry ,Hazard ratio ,Cancer ,Retrospective cohort study ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Neoadjuvant Therapy ,Pancreatic Neoplasms ,Survival Rate ,Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Surgery ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Multiple trials have demonstrated a survival benefit for adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to identify the rate for completion of adjuvant chemotherapy, factors associated with completion, and its impact on survival after surgical resection. The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Medicare-linked data was used to identify patients who underwent upfront resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma from 2004 to 2013. Billing codes were used to quantify receipt and completion of chemotherapy. Factors associated with completion of chemotherapy were identified using multivariable regression. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional-hazards modeling were used to examine survival. The inclusion criteria were met by 2440 patients. Of these patients, 65% received no adjuvant chemotherapy, 28% received incomplete therapy, and 7% completed chemotherapy. The factors associated with chemotherapy completion were nodal metastases and treatment at a National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center (p ≤ 0.05). Comorbidities decreased the odds of completion (p ≤ 0.05). The median overall survival (OS) was 14 months for the patients who received no adjuvant chemotherapy, 17 months for those who received incomplete adjuvant chemotherapy, and 22 months for those who completed adjuvant chemotherapy (p ≤ 0.05). More recent diagnosis, comorbidities, T stage, nodal metastases, and no adjuvant chemotherapy were associated with an increased hazard ratio for death (p ≤ 0.05). Evaluation of 15 or more nodes and completion of chemotherapy decreased the hazard ratio for death (p ≤ 0.05). Only 7% of the Medicare patients who underwent upfront resection for pancreatic cancer completed adjuvant chemotherapy, yet completion of adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved OS. Completion of adjuvant chemotherapy should be the goal after upfront resection, but neoadjuvant chemotherapy may ensure that patients receive systemic chemotherapy.
- Published
- 2019
19. Free Tissue Transfer in a Patient With Hemoglobin S-Beta-Thalassemia Disease and Mandibular Osteomyelitis
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Katherine Chang, Craig A. Bollig, Allen Sclaroff, and Patrik Pipkorn
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Mandibular osteomyelitis ,beta-Thalassemia ,Osteomyelitis ,Disease ,Anemia, Sickle Cell ,Plastic Surgery Procedures ,Gastroenterology ,Free Tissue Flaps ,Tissue transfer ,Hemoglobin S/beta thalassemia ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Surgery ,Mandibular Diseases ,business - Published
- 2021
20. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Online Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Support Community Members: Survey Study (Preprint)
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Benjamin Kaveladze, Katherine Chang, Jedidiah Siev, and Stephen M Schueller
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mental disorders ,behavioral disciplines and activities - Abstract
BACKGROUND People with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have faced unique challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research from the first two months of the pandemic suggests that a small proportion of people with OCD experienced worsening in their OCD symptoms since the pandemic began, whereas the rest experienced either no change or an improvement in their symptoms. However, as society-level factors relating to the pandemic have evolved, the effects of the pandemic on people with OCD have likely changed as well, in complex and population-specific ways. Therefore, this study contributes to a growing body of knowledge on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people and demonstrates how differences across studies might emerge when studying specific populations at specific timepoints. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess how members of online OCD support communities felt the COVID-19 pandemic had affected their OCD symptoms, around 3 months after the pandemic began. METHODS We recruited participants from online OCD support communities for our brief survey. Participants indicated how much they felt their OCD symptoms had changed since the pandemic began and how much they felt that having OCD was making it harder to deal with the pandemic. RESULTS We collected survey data from June through August 2020 and received a total of 196 responses, some of which were partial responses. Among the nonmissing data, 65.9% (108/164) of the participants were from the United States and 90.5% (152/168) had been subjected to a stay-at-home order. In all, 92.9% (182/196) of the participants said they experienced worsening of their OCD symptoms since the pandemic began, although the extent to which their symptoms worsened differed across dimensions of OCD; notably, symmetry and completeness symptoms were less likely to have worsened than others. Moreover, 95.5% (171/179) of the participants felt that having OCD made it difficult to deal with the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Our study of online OCD support community members found a much higher rate of OCD symptom worsening than did other studies on people with OCD conducted during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Factors such as quarantine length, location, overlapping society-level challenges, and differing measurement and sampling choices may help to explain this difference across studies.
- Published
- 2020
21. The COVID-19 Pandemic’s Impact on OCD Symptoms Varies Widely
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Benjamin Kaveladze, Katherine Chang, Jedidiah Siev, and Stephen Schueller
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mental disorders ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,humanities - Abstract
We conducted a survey of adults with OCD during COVID-19, but found a much higher rate of OCD symptom worsening than similar studies did. Here, we describe our study and discuss potential reasons for these differing patterns of results.
- Published
- 2020
22. Patient and Health Care Provider Factors Associated With Prescription of Opioids After Delivery
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William A. Grobman, Lynn M. Yee, Nevert Badreldin, and Katherine Chang
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health care provider ,MEDLINE ,Tertiary care ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Practice Patterns, Physicians' ,Medical prescription ,Retrospective Studies ,Receipt ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Extramural ,Practice patterns ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Retrospective cohort study ,Analgesics, Opioid ,Obstetrics ,Emergency medicine ,Female ,business - Abstract
To identify patient and health care provider characteristics associated with receipt of a high amount of prescribed opioids at postpartum discharge.This was a retrospective case-control study of all opioid-naïve women delivering at a single, high-volume tertiary care center between December 1, 2015, and November 30, 2016. Inpatient, outpatient, pharmacy, and billing records were queried for clinical, prescription, and health care provider (training, age, gender) data. The discharging health care provider, whether an opioid prescription was provided, and the details of any opioid prescription were determined. A high amount of prescribed opioids was defined as morphine milligram equivalents greater than the 90th percentile (determined as 300 morphine milligram equivalents for vaginal and 500 morphine milligram equivalents for cesarean delivery). Multivariable logistic regression models with random effects were used to identify patient and health care provider factors independently associated with receipt of a high amount of prescribed opioids at discharge. Findings were analyzed separately by mode of delivery.The analysis included 12,362 women. High amounts of opioids were prescribed for 636 of 9,038 (7.0%) women who delivered vaginally and 241 of 3,288 (7.3%) of those delivering by cesarean. In multivariable analysis, patient factors associated with receipt of a high amount of prescribed opioids at discharge after a vaginal delivery included nulliparity, intrapartum neuraxial anesthesia, major laceration, and infectious complication. Discharge by a trainee physician was associated with decreased odds of receiving a high amount of opioids (8.5% vs 1.9%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.08, 95% CI 0.01-0.53). For women who underwent cesarean delivery, the only patient factor associated with receipt of a high amount of prescribed opioids was hemorrhage. Discharge by a trainee physician was associated with decreased odds of being provided a high-amount opioid prescription (7.9% vs 0.4%; adjusted OR 0.01, 95% CI 0.00-0.36).Even after adjusting for patient factors, discharge by a trainee physician is significantly associated with decreased odds of a high amount of prescribed opioids at postpartum discharge.
- Published
- 2018
23. Knowledge Transfer from Universities to Industry Through University Technology Transfer Offices
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Peng Xiaobao, Anders Avdic, Katherine Chang Barker, and Asad Abbas
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Information Systems and Management ,Knowledge management ,Process (engineering) ,Acknowledgement ,0603 philosophy, ethics and religion ,050905 science studies ,Загальні питання сучасної науково-технічної та інноваційної політики ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Political science ,0502 economics and business ,030212 general & internal medicine ,China ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Data collection ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Foundation (evidence) ,06 humanities and the arts ,Public affair ,Computer Science Applications ,Management ,Knowledge generation ,Technology transfer ,060301 applied ethics ,Business ,0509 other social sciences ,Law ,Knowledge transfer ,050203 business & management - Abstract
Introduction. This paper focuses on knowledge generation and the way in which it is transferred from universities to industry. Most well reputed universities have several departments and university-run enterprises that engage in research. The purpose of these research units is to help universities provide breakthrough innovation through the generation of new knowledge. Problem Statement. For this we chose to study China's University Technology Transfer Offices (UTTOs) to gather concrete evidence of university knowledge generation for commercial use in industry. The objective of this study is get indepth information about the role of UTTOs in the transfer of such knowledge. Purpose. The generation of new knowledge contributes to the field of science and technology; in turn, industry can use this knowledge to produce new innovative products or improve existing ones. This study aims to identify the process of knowledge transfer from universities to industry in China. Materials and Methods. Our study was carried out as a qualitative case study in the Anhui province of China. Data was mainly collected through semi-structured interviews with technology transfer experts working in technology transfer offices. Collected data were analyzed using a knowledge transfer model with six phases: 1) awareness, 2) acquisition, 3) transformation, 4) association, 5) application, and 6) feedback. Results. In China, universities and their research groups dominate in the generation and commercialization of research results, with UTTOs acting as technology bridges between the two parties, as well as providing legal and business services. Conclusions. This paper contributes by offering a detailed description of the knowledge transfer process and specifically the role and activities of UTTOs. This research also helps Chinese and international researchers currently carrying out research on the technology transfer process in China. Вступ. Висвітлено питання генерації знань та способу їх передачі від університетів у промисловість. Найвідоміші університети мають кілька департаментів та підприємств, які займаються дослідженнями. Мета цих підрозділів полягає в тому, щоб допомогти університетам забезпечити інноваційні рішення шляхом створення нових знань. Проблематика. Генерація нових знань сприяє розвитку галузі науки та техніки, які, у свою чергу, використовуються промисловістю для виробництва нових інноваційних продуктів або вдосконалення вже існуючих. На прикладі роботи департаментів трансферу технологій (ДТТ) в університетах Китаю вивчено роботу та зібрано конкретні факти генерації знань для комерційного використання в промисловості. Мета. Отримання детальної інформації про роль ДТТ у передачі знань від університетів до промисловості в Китаї. Матеріали та методи. Дослідження проведено в китайській провінції Аньхой (Аньхуей). Збір даних виконували за допомогою напівструктурованих інтерв’ю з фахівцями з передачі технологій, які працюють в офісах департаментів передачі технологій. В подальшому їх аналізували за допомогою моделі передачі знань, яка передбачає шість етапів: поінформованість, придбання, перетворення, зв’язок ідей, застосування та зворотній зв’язок. Результати. Університети Китаю та їх дослідницькі групи домінують у виробництві та комерціалізації результатів досліджень, а ДТТ відіграють роль технологічних мостів між двома сторонами, а також надають юридичні та бізнес-послуги. Висновки. Стаття містить детальний опис процесу передачі знань та, зокрема, висвітлює роль та діяльність ДТТ Китаю, що може бути корисним китайським та міжнародним науковцям у проведенні досліджень процесу передачі технологій. Введение. Раскрыто вопрос генерации знаний и способа их передачи от университетов в промышленность. Самые известные университеты имеют несколько департаментов и предприятий, которые занимаются исследованиями. Цель этих подразделений лежит в том, чтобы помочь университетам обеспечить инновационные решения путем создания новых знаний. Проблематика. Генерация новых знаний способствует развитию отрасли науки и техники, которые, в свою очередь, используются промышленностью для производства новых инновационных продуктов или усовершенствования уже существующих. На примере работы департаментов трансфера технологий (ДТТ) в университетах Китая изучено работу и собрано конкретные факты генерации знаний для коммерческого использования в промышленности. Цель. Получение детальной информации о роли ДТТ в передаче знаний от университетов к промышленности в Китае. Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено в китайской провинции Аньхой (Аньхуей). Сбор данных производили с помощью полуструктурированных интервью специалистов с передачи технологий, которые работают в офисах департаментов передачи технологий. В дальнейшем их анализировали с помощью модели передачи знаний, которая предусматривает шесть этапов: информированность, получение, преобразование, связь идей, использование и обратная связь. Результаты. Университеты Китая и их исследовательские группы доминируют в производстве и коммерциализации результатов исследований, а ДДТ играют роль технологических мостов между двумя сторонами, а также предлагают юридические и бизнес-услуги. Выводы. Статья содержит детальное описание процесса передачи знаний и, в частности, раскрывает роль и деятельность ДТТ Китая, что может быть полезным китайским и международным ученым при проведении исследований процесса передачи технологий.
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- 2018
24. Probable carvedilol–induced thrombocytopenia
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ALEX, SUMANA, CHRETIEN, KATHERINE CHANG, CHO, ALEXANDER, and AGGARWAL, ANITA
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- 2013
25. Multioccupancy hospital rooms: Veteransʼ experiences and preferences
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Ehrlander, Wyatt, Ali, Fazalit, and Chretien, Katherine Chang
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- 2009
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26. Stuck
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Chretien, Katherine Chang
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- 2009
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27. Paying at the Pump
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Chretien, Katherine Chang
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- 2008
28. The Impact of the Environment on Quality of Life and Mediating Effects of Sleep and Stress
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Katherine Chang, Frances K. Y. Wong, K. L. Chan, Fiona Y. Wong, H.C. Ho, M.S. Wong, Janice Y. S. Ho, John W. M. Yuen, Judy Y. Siu, and Lin Yang
- Abstract
Purpose Environment is an independent factor affecting quality of life. Studies suggest that health practices consider having an impact on quality of life. The purpose of the present paper was to examine the association between environmental conditions and quality of life, and how individual health practices affected this association. Methods Participants aged 20 or above were recruited from 11 tertiary planning units in the centre of Kowloon. These tertiary planning units were selected as they represent the overall living environment in Hong Kong, with older poorer urban areas alongside relatively affluent districts. A mediation analysis was implemented using multiple linear regressions to examine the effects of environmental conditions on quality of life. The predictor variables included sociodemographic and environmental conditions, health practices and health service utilisation. Results Of the eligible 607 participants, 390 females and 217 males with a mean age of 47.4 were included for analysis. Physical, psychological and environmental factors were conducive and connected to quality of life. After adjusting for fruit and vegetable intake, gender, education level and chronic illness, perceived stress and sleep quality had significant mediating effects. Conclusion Environment is an important factor that affects the overall well-being of individuals. The interaction of environmental quality with individual variables, specifically stress and sleep is extremely important when assessing its impact on the quality of life. The findings of this study support the importance of individual stress and sleep in mediating the relationship between the environment and quality of life.
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- 2019
29. ACTR-67. A PHASE I STUDY OF CONVECTION-ENHANCED DELIVERY OF LIPOSOMAL-IRINOTECAN (ONIVYDE) USING REAL-TIME IMAGING WITH GADOLINIUM IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS: RESULTS THUS FAR
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Courtney Miyamoto, Margaretta Page, Karishma Kumar, Jennifer Clarke, Ute Vogrinec, Lisa Guthrie, Amanda Lawrence, Nicholas Butowski, Katherine Chang, Jennie Taylor, Chelsea Lindahl, Nancy Ann Oberheim-Bush, and Susan M. Chang
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Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Oligoastrocytoma ,medicine.medical_treatment ,02 engineering and technology ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Abstracts ,0302 clinical medicine ,Glioma ,medicine ,Chemotherapy ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,fungi ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,Chemotherapy regimen ,Irinotecan ,Oncology ,Liposomal Irinotecan ,Neurology (clinical) ,Radiology ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Anaplastic astrocytoma ,medicine.drug - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy for high grade gliomas (HGG) is limited by the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Convection enhanced delivery (CED) improves chemotherapy delivery by utilizing fluid convection obviating the challenges of crossing the BBB while minimizing systemic toxicity. CED of nanoliposomal-irinotecan (Onivyde) showed to be a superior delivery route for anti-tumor activity in animal models. An advance of this trial is the development and use of real time CED, which utilizes MRI to visualize the CED process with the aid of co-convected contrast agents, monitoring delivery into the brain and affording for corrective action. METHODS: This is a 3 + 3 single dose escalation trial with 2 cohorts: 20mg/ml and 40mg/ml. Onivyde and GAD were co-infused via the same catheters in a one-time delivery. The total volume of infusate, and consequently total dose, were personalized based on the patient’s tumor volume, and ranged from 20–680 mg of Onivyde, given via up to 4 catheters. Tumor diameters were allowed to be 1 – 4 cm, with injection volumes ranging from 2 – 17 mL of infusate. RESULTS: 10 patients have been treated on this protocol, all in under 5 hours. There were 7 GBs, 2 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 1 oligoastrocytoma. Seven patients lived over a year after treatment, which is remarkable since median survival rates for multiply recurrent: GBs = 8 months, AAs = 11 months. Utilizing imaging software, we correlated pre-infusion modeling of the drug distribution with post-infusion imaging. A number of technical challenges were overcome by real time monitoring; the total volume of distribution (Vd), and the Vd to volume infused (Vi) ratio for each infusion was ~2. CONCLUSIONS: Image-guided distribution allows for safe real-time placement and adjustment of CED cannula of Onivyde into patient’s brains. Such methods allow for maximum tumor coverage and warrant further studies with repeat dosing.
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- 2018
30. Kawasaki Disease
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Hyemi Katherine Chang, Vidhya Nair, and John Fernandes
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Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Forensic pathology ,Adolescent ,Heart disease ,Myocardial Infarction ,Infarction ,Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life ,030225 pediatrics ,medicine ,Humans ,cardiovascular diseases ,Myocardial infarction ,business.industry ,Myocardium ,Coronary Aneurysm ,medicine.disease ,Coronary Vessels ,Fibrosis ,Coronary arteries ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,cardiovascular system ,Kawasaki disease ,business ,Artery - Abstract
Introduction Kawasaki disease (KD) is a major cause of acquired heart disease in children, and there is limited information on postmortem findings in the pediatric population in Canada. Cases For a 15-year time span (January 2000-March 2015), we had 2 cases of KD presented to the Department of Forensic Pathology at Hamilton General Hospital. Discussion There were common cardiac findings including presence of giant coronary artery aneurysms and microscopic changes occurring within the coronary arteries and the myocardium. Evidence of old infarction was present in both heart specimens, but acute infarction was noted in one of the specimens. Conclusions This case series documents postmortem findings that outline cardiac complications of KD including aneurysms, thrombotic events, and infarcts. In addition to addressing the medical complications of KD, it is also important to address the psychosocial effect due to its impact on quality of life.
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- 2016
31. P3‐160: PROGENITOR RESERVE HYPOTHESIS: A MODEL FOR DISCOVERING PROTECTIVE FACTORS IN OLDER ADULTS AT RISK FOR DEMENTIA
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Kathleen E. Rodgers, Aimee Gaubert, Jean K. Ho, Jung Jang, Irene B. Meier, Shubir Dutt, Belinda Yew, Katherine Chang, Elissa C. McIntosh, Anna E. Blanken, Adam M. Brickman, Daniel A. Nation, and Alick Tan
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Gerontology ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Developmental Neuroscience ,medicine ,Dementia ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,Progenitor - Published
- 2018
32. Hormone Use for Therapeutic Amenorrhea and Contraception During Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
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Melissa A. Merideth, Pamela Stratton, and Katherine Chang
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medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Population ,Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ,Ethinyl Estradiol ,Bioinformatics ,Article ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Amenorrhea ,Menorrhagia ,Reproductive health ,Gynecology ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Hematopoietic stem cell ,medicine.disease ,Transplantation ,Contraception ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Family planning ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
There is a growing population of women who have or will undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplant for a variety of malignant and benign conditions. Gynecologists play an important role in addressing the gynecologic and reproductive health concerns for these women throughout the transplant process. As women undergo cell transplantation, they should avoid becoming pregnant and are at risk of uterine bleeding. Thus, counseling about and implementing hormonal treatments such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, combined hormonal contraceptives, and progestin-only methods help to achieve therapeutic amenorrhea and can serve as contraception during the peritransplant period. In this commentary, we summarize the timing, risks, and benefits of the hormonal options just before, during, and for the year after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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- 2015
33. Roles of c-Met and RON kinases in tumor progression and their potential as therapeutic targets
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Shujie Zhao, Katherine Chang, James W. Freeman, and Anand B. Karnad
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Cell signaling ,C-Met ,Review ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine ,Receptor ,c-Met ,Met inhibitors ,Kinase ,business.industry ,Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ,Transmembrane protein ,RON kinase ,Oncology ,chemistry ,Tumor progression ,Immunology ,Disease Progression ,Neoplastic Stem Cells ,Cancer research ,Signal transduction ,business ,Tyrosine kinase ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
c-Met and receptor originated from nantes (RON) are structurally related transmembrane phosphotyrosine kinase receptors. c-Met and RON show increased expression or activity in a variety of tumors leading to tumor progression and may play a role in acquired resistance to therapy. Although often co-expressed, the distinct functional roles of c-Met and RON are not fully understood. c-Met and RON form both activated homodimers and heterodimers with themselves and other families of phosphotyrosine kinase receptors. Inhibitors for c-Met and RON including small molecular weigh kinase inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies are in pre-clinical investigation and clinical trials. Several of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors have activity against both c-Met and RON kinases whereas the antibodies generally are target specific. As with many targeted agents used to treat solid tumors, it is likely that c-Met/RON inhibitors will have greater benefit when used in combination with chemotherapy or other targeted agents. A careful analysis of c-Met/RON expression or activity and a better elucidation of how they influence cell signaling will be useful in predicting which tumors respond best to these inhibitors as well as determining which agents can be used with these inhibitors for combined therapy.
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- 2015
34. Knowledge and Attitude of Nutrition Label Use among People with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Hong Kong
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Tsz Lee Huang and Katherine Chang
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Type ii diabetes ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Family medicine ,medicine ,Nutrition facts label ,business - Published
- 2015
35. Case Report-Worthy
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Chretien, Katherine Chang
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- 2012
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36. 137: Provider characteristics are associated with prescription of opioids after delivery
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William A. Grobman, Katherine Chang, Nevert Badreldin, and Lynn M. Yee
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Family medicine ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Medicine ,Medical prescription ,business - Published
- 2018
37. The Power of Asking Questions: Do Belief-, Goal-, and Need-Related Questions Shape People’s Preference Toward a Product?
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Katherine Chang
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Power (social and political) ,Product (category theory) ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Preference - Published
- 2016
38. Frontline Science: Defects in immune function in patients with sepsis are associated with PD-1 or PD-L1 expression and can be restored by antibodies targeting PD-1 or PD-L1
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Anne M. Drewry, Evan R. Beiter, Andriani C. Patera, Richard S. Hotchkiss, Katherine Chang, and Dale F. Osborne
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0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Lipopolysaccharides ,Male ,Neutrophils ,T cell ,Critical Illness ,Immunology ,Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Lymphocyte Activation ,B7-H1 Antigen ,Monocytes ,Immunophenotyping ,Sepsis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,Phagocytosis ,medicine ,Leukocytes ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,biology ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Monocyte ,food and beverages ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,Cell Biology ,Middle Aged ,Acquired immune system ,medicine.disease ,Immunity, Innate ,Killer Cells, Natural ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,biology.protein ,Spotlight on Leading Edge Research ,Female ,Antibody ,CD163 ,CD8 - Abstract
Sepsis is a heterogeneous syndrome comprising a highly diverse and dynamic mixture of hyperinflammatory and compensatory anti-inflammatory immune responses. This immune phenotypic diversity highlights the importance of proper patient selection for treatment with the immunomodulatory drugs that are entering clinical trials. To better understand the serial changes in immunity of critically ill patients and to evaluate the potential efficacy of blocking key inhibitory pathways in sepsis, we undertook a broad phenotypic and functional analysis of innate and acquired immunity in the same aliquot of blood from septic, critically ill nonseptic, and healthy donors. We also tested the ability of blocking the checkpoint inhibitors programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) to restore the function of innate and acquired immune cells. Neutrophil and monocyte function (phagocytosis, CD163, cytokine expression) were progressively diminished as sepsis persisted. An increasing frequency in PD-L1+-suppressor phenotype neutrophils [low-density neutrophils (LDNs)] was also noted. PD-L1+ LDNs and defective neutrophil function correlated with disease severity, consistent with the potential importance of suppressive neutrophil populations in sepsis. Reduced neutrophil and monocyte function correlated both with their own PD-L1 expression and with PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells and NK cells. Conversely, reduced CD8+ T cell and NK cell functions (IFN-γ production, granzyme B, and CD107a expression) correlated with elevated PD-L1+ LDNs. Importantly, addition of antibodies against PD-1 or PD-L1 restored function in neutrophil, monocyte, T cells, and NK cells, underlining the impact of the PD-1:PD-L1 axis in sepsis-immune suppression and the ability to treat multiple deficits with a single immunomodulatory agent.
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- 2016
39. Anti-PD-L1 peptide improves survival in sepsis
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Jacquelyn S. McDonough, Yuichiro Shindo, Murali Ramachandra, Richard S. Hotchkiss, Pottayil G. Sasikumar, and Katherine Chang
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ,Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ,Peritonitis ,B7-H1 Antigen ,Article ,Flow cytometry ,Sepsis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intensive care ,medicine ,Animals ,Candida albicans ,biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Candidemia ,Immunosuppression ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Natural killer T cell ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Immunology ,Surgery ,Peptides ,CD8 ,Spleen - Abstract
Background Sepsis remains a leading cause of death in most intensive care units. Many deaths in sepsis are due to nosocomial infections in patients who have entered the immunosuppressive phase of the disorder. One cause of immunosuppression in sepsis is T-cell exhaustion mediated by programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) interaction with its ligand (PD-L1). Studies demonstrated that blocking the interaction of PD-1 with PD-L1 with knockout mice or inhibitory antibodies reversed T-cell dysfunction and improved sepsis survival. This study assessed the efficacy of a novel short-acting peptide (compound 8) that inhibits PD-1:PD-L1 signaling in a clinically relevant second-hit fungal sepsis model. Methods Mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture to induce peritonitis. Three days later, mice received intravenous injection of Candida albicans. Forty-eight hours after Candida infection, mice were treated with compound 8 or inactive peptide. The effect of Candida infection on expression of coinhibitory molecules, PD-1, and PD-L1 were quantitated by flow cytometry on CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and natural killer T-cells (NKT). The effect of compound 8 on survival was also examined. Results Four days after fungal infection, PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions were markedly increased on CD4+, NK, and NKT cells in septic versus sham-operated mice (%PD-1 on CD4+, 11.9% versus 2.8%; and %PD-L1 on NKT, 14.8% versus 0.5%). Compared with control, compound 8 caused a 2-fold increase in survival from 30% to 60%, P Conclusions Compound 8 significantly improved survival in a clinically relevant immunosuppressive model of sepsis. These results support immunoadjuvant therapy targeting T-cell exhaustion in this lethal disease.
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- 2016
40. T cells from patients with Candida sepsis display a suppressive immunophenotype
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Evan R. Beiter, Andrej Spec, Enyo Ablordeppey, Yuichiro Shindo, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Anne M. Drewry, Strother Wilson, Katherine Chang, and Richard S. Hotchkiss
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Fungal infection ,0301 basic medicine ,T cell ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,Bloodstream infection ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Communicable Diseases ,Flow cytometry ,Sepsis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immunophenotyping ,Immunity ,medicine ,Humans ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Candida ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Research ,CD28 ,Shock ,Immunosuppression ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,business - Abstract
Background Despite appropriate therapy, Candida bloodstream infections are associated with a mortality rate of approximately 40 %. In animal models, impaired immunity due to T cell exhaustion has been implicated in fungal sepsis mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine potential mechanisms of fungal-induced immunosuppression via immunophenotyping of circulating T lymphocytes from patients with microbiologically documented Candida bloodstream infections. Methods Patients with blood cultures positive for any Candida species were studied. Non-septic critically ill patients with no evidence of bacterial or fungal infection were controls. T cells were analyzed via flow cytometry for cellular activation and for expression of positive and negative co-stimulatory molecules. Both the percentages of cells expressing particular immunophenotypic markers as well as the geometric mean fluorescence intensity (GMFI), a measure of expression of the number of receptors or ligands per cell, were quantitated. Results Twenty-seven patients with Candida bloodstream infections and 16 control patients were studied. Compared to control patients, CD8 T cells from patients with Candidemia had evidence of cellular activation as indicated by increased CD69 expression while CD4 T cells had decreased expression of the major positive co-stimulatory molecule CD28. CD4 and CD8 T cells from patients with Candidemia expressed markers typical of T cell exhaustion as indicated by either increased percentages of or increased MFI for programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1). Conclusions Circulating immune effector cells from patients with Candidemia display an immunophenotype consistent with immunosuppression as evidenced by T cell exhaustion and concomitant downregulation of positive co-stimulatory molecules. These findings may help explain why patients with fungal sepsis have a high mortality despite appropriate antifungal therapy. Development of immunoadjuvants that reverse T cell exhaustion and boost host immunity may offer one way to improve outcome in this highly lethal disorder.
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- 2016
41. Use of Multifunctional Sigma-2 Receptor Ligand Conjugates to Trigger Cancer-Selective Cell Death Signaling
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Suwanna Vangveravong, Jinbin Xu, Peter O. Simon, Hiroyuki Kashiwagi, William G. Hawkins, Dirk Spitzer, Jonathan E. McDunn, Chenbo Zeng, Katherine Chang, Dong Zhou, John R. Hornick, Richard S. Hotchkiss, Robert H. Mach, and Peter S. Goedegebuure
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Programmed cell death ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sigma-2 receptor ,Apoptosis ,Biology ,Ligands ,Article ,Mice ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Animals ,Receptors, sigma ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Internalization ,Receptor ,media_common ,Small molecule ,Cell biology ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Pancreatic Neoplasms ,Oncology ,Immunology ,Female ,Signal transduction ,Intracellular ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
One major challenge in the development of cancer therapeutics is the selective delivery of the drugs to their cellular targets. In the case of pancreatic cancer, the σ-2 receptor is a unique target that triggers apoptosis upon activation. We have previously developed a series of chemical compounds with high affinity for the σ-2 receptor and showed rapid internalization of the ligands. One particular specific ligand of the σ-2 receptor, SV119, binds to pancreatic cancer cells and induces target cell death in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we characterized the ability of SV119 to selectively deliver other death-inducing cargos to augment the cytotoxic properties of SV119 itself. When conjugated to SV119, small molecules that are known to interfere with intracellular prosurvival pathways retained their ability to induce cell death, the efficiency of which was enhanced by the combinatorial effect of SV119 delivered with its small molecule cargo. Our findings define a simple platform technology to increase the tumor-selective delivery of small molecule therapeutics via σ-2 ligands, permitting chemotherapeutic synergy that can optimize efficacy and patient benefit. Cancer Res; 72(1); 201–9. ©2011 AACR.
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- 2012
42. CD44 Expression Level and Isoform Contributes to Pancreatic Cancer Cell Plasticity, Invasiveness, and Response to Therapy
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Katherine Chang, Addanki P. Kumar, Chen Chen, Jaishree Jagirdar, James W. Freeman, Shujie Zhao, and Anand B. Karnad
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Population ,Deoxycytidine ,Article ,Small hairpin RNA ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cell Movement ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Humans ,Protein Isoforms ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Clonogenic assay ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Matrigel ,biology ,CD44 ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Molecular biology ,Gemcitabine ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Pancreatic Neoplasms ,030104 developmental biology ,Hyaluronan Receptors ,Oncology ,Cell culture ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer cell ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal - Abstract
Purpose: A subpopulation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells is thought to be inherently resistant to chemotherapy or to give rise to tumor cells that become resistant during treatment. Here we determined the role of CD44 expression and its isoforms as a marker and potential target for tumor cells that give rise to invasive and gemcitabine-resistant tumors. Experimental Design: RT-PCR, Western blotting, and DNA sequencing was used to determine CD44 isoform and expression levels. Flow cytometry was used to sort cells on the basis of their CD44 expression level. CD44 expression was knocked down using shRNA. Tumorigenic properties were determined by clonogenic and Matrigel assays, IHC, tumor growth in vivo using luciferase imaging and by tumor weight. Results: We identified an invasive cell population that gives rise to gemcitabine-resistant tumors. These cancer cells express a high level of CD44 standard isoform and have an EMT phenotype (CD44s/EMT). In vivo, CD44s/EMT engraft and expand rapidly and give rise to tumors that express high levels of CD44 isoforms that contain multiple exon variants. CD44low-expressing cells show continued sensitivity to gemcitabine in vivo and knockdown of CD44 in CD44s/EMT cells increases sensitivity to gemcitabine and decreases invasiveness. Conclusions: PDAC cells expressing high levels of CD44s with a mesenchymal-like phenotype were highly invasive and developed gemcitabine resistance in vivo. Thus, initial targeting CD44 or reversing the CD44high phenotype may improve therapeutic response. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5592–604. ©2016 AACR.
- Published
- 2015
43. Possibilidades do WHOQOL-bref para a promoção da saúde na estratégia saúde da família
- Author
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Lislaine Aparecida Fracolli, Sayuri Tanaka Maeda, Elma Lourdes Pavone Campos Zoboli, Danielle Freitas Alvim de Castro, Katherine Chang, Anna Maria Chiesa, Débora Gomes Barros, and Regina Célia Ermel
- Subjects
lcsh:RT1-120 ,Qualidade de vida ,lcsh:Nursing ,Promoção da saúde ,Calidad de vida ,Promoción de la salud ,Atención Primaria de Salud ,Programa Saúde da Família ,Programa de Salud Familiar ,Atenção Primária à Saúde ,General Nursing - Abstract
A ampliação das ações de promoção da saúde na Estratégia Saúde da Família pode contribuir para a construção da integralidade, mas, ainda persistem lacunas de tecnologias para instrumentalizar os profissionais a analisarem os potenciais de saúde da população. O objetivo deste estudo é sintetizar as contribuições do WHOQOL-bref para instrumentalizar ações de promoção da saúde na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Foi realizada uma metassíntese qualitativa a partir de pesquisas realizadas pelo grupo Modelos tecnoassistenciais e a promoção da saúde com o uso do WHOQOL-bref e sua interface com a promoção da saúde. As sínteses das cinco pesquisas mostraram que existem relações conceituais entre os domínios do WHOQOL-bref e a promoção da saúde, legitimando este como um instrumento para a promoção da saúde. A utilização do WHOQOL-bref pode facilitar o vinculo e o cuidado longitudinal na Estratégia Saúde da Família.
- Published
- 2011
44. Dose-Dependent Effect of Anti-CTLA-4 on Survival in Sepsis
- Author
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Katherine Chang, Shigeaki Inoue, Lulong Bo, Jacqueline Unsinger, Richard S. Hotchkiss, and Jinjun Bian
- Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Male ,T cell ,Apoptosis ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ,Antibodies ,Article ,Sepsis ,Interferon-gamma ,Mice ,Immune system ,Immunity ,medicine ,Animals ,Cytotoxic T cell ,CTLA-4 Antigen ,Interleukin 6 ,Ligation ,biology ,Interleukin-6 ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Cancer ,hemic and immune systems ,medicine.disease ,Interleukin-10 ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunology ,Emergency Medicine ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Cytokines ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha - Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is one of the critical inhibitory regulators of early stages of T-cell activation and proliferation, which opposes the actions of CD28-mediated costimulation. Anti-CTLA-4 therapy has been effective clinically in enhancing immunity and improving survival in patients with metastatic cancer. Sepsis is a lethal condition that shares many of the same mechanisms of immune suppression with cancer. Given the similarities in immune defects in cancer and sepsis, we examined the ability of anti-CTLA-4 antibody to block apoptosis, reverse the immunosuppression of sepsis, and improve survival in the cecal ligation and puncture model. Mice underwent sham or cecal ligation and puncture, and spleens harvested at various time points after surgery. Expression of CTLA-4 on CD4, CD8, and regulatory T cells was quantitated. Anti-CTLA-4 was administrated 6 and 24 h after surgery. Spleens were harvested at 48 h after surgery, and apoptosis and cytokine production determined. Seven-day survival studies were also conducted. Expression of CTLA-4 on CD4, CD8, and regulatory T cells increased during sepsis. Anti-CTLA-4 therapy decreased sepsis-induced apoptosis but had little effect on proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines. There was a dose-dependent effect of anti-CTLA-4 on survival. At high dose, anti-CTLA-4 worsened survival, but at lower doses, survival was significantly improved. Survival in sepsis depends on the proper balance between the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory/immunologic systems. Anti-CTLA-4-based immunotherapy offers promise in the treatment of sepsis, but care must be used in the timing and dose of administration of the drug to prevent adverse effects.
- Published
- 2011
45. Chronic Hypoxia Inhibits Sex Steroid Hormone-Mediated Attenuation of Ovine Uterine Arterial Myogenic Tone in Pregnancy
- Author
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Xiaohui Huang, Daliao Xiao, Lawrence D. Longo, Shumei Yang, Lubo Zhang, Zhice Xue, and Katherine Chang
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Progesterone receptor B ,medicine.drug_class ,Blotting, Western ,Gene Expression ,Estrogen receptor ,Biology ,Article ,Protein kinase C signaling ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,medicine.artery ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Estrogen Receptor beta ,Phosphorylation ,Gonadal Steroid Hormones ,Hypoxia ,Uterine artery ,Protein kinase A ,Progesterone ,Protein kinase C ,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ,Sheep ,Estradiol ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Estrogen Receptor alpha ,Uterine Artery ,Endocrinology ,Vasoconstriction ,Sex steroid ,Estrogen ,Chronic Disease ,Female ,Receptors, Progesterone - Abstract
Previous studies in ovine uterine arteries have demonstrated that sex steroid hormones upregulate extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 expression and downregulate the protein kinase C signaling pathway, resulting in the attenuated myogenic tone in pregnancy. The present study tested the hypothesis that chronic hypoxia during gestation inhibits the sex steroid-mediated adaptation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 and protein kinase C signaling pathways and increases the myogenic tone of uterine arteries. Uterine arteries were isolated from nonpregnant and near-term pregnant sheep that had been maintained at sea level (≈300 m) or exposed to high-altitude (3801 m) hypoxia for 110 days. In contrast to the previous findings in normoxic animals, 17β-estradiol and progesterone failed to suppress protein kinase C–induced contractions and the pressure-induced myogenic tone in uterine arteries from hypoxic animals. Western analyses showed that the sex steroids lost their effects on extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 expression and phospho- extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 levels, as well as the activation of protein kinase C isozymes in uterine arteries of hypoxic ewes. In normoxic animals, pregnancy and the sex steroid treatments significantly increased uterine artery estrogen receptor-α and progesterone receptor B expression. Chronic hypoxia selectively downregulated estrogen receptor-α expression in uterine arteries of pregnant animals and eliminated the upregulation of estrogen receptor-α in pregnancy or by the steroid treatments observed in normoxic animals. The results demonstrate that, in the ovine uterine artery, chronic hypoxia in pregnancy inhibits the sex steroid hormone–mediated adaptation of decreased myogenic tone by downregulating estrogen receptor-α expression, providing a mechanism linking hypoxia and maladaptation of uteroplacental circulation and an increased risk of preeclampsia in pregnancy.
- Published
- 2010
46. A Vasectomy Training Curriculum for Ob/Gyn Residents [6O]
- Author
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Phillip Gorrindo, Cassing Hammond, Xiaoyue Guo, Evelyn Hall, Katherine Chang, and Kathryn Fay
- Subjects
Training curriculum ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,0302 clinical medicine ,business.industry ,Family medicine ,medicine ,Vasectomy ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,business - Published
- 2018
47. Weekday Wellness: Integrating Wellness into an Educational Curriculum [5O]
- Author
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Phillip Gorrindo, Evelyn Hall, Susan E. Gerber, and Katherine Chang
- Subjects
Medical education ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Medicine ,business ,Curriculum - Published
- 2018
48. 139: Factors associated with inpatient opioid use after vaginal delivery
- Author
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Katherine Chang, Lynn M. Yee, Nevert Badreldin, and William A. Grobman
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Vaginal delivery ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Opioid use ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Medicine ,business - Published
- 2018
49. MODULATION OF THE BCL-2 FAMILY BLOCKS SEPSIS-INDUCED DEPLETION OF DENDRITIC CELLS AND MACROPHAGES
- Author
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Harris Perlman, Richard S. Hotchkiss, Octavia M. Peck-Palmer, Katherine Chang, Jacqueline Unsinger, Jacquelyn S. McDonough, and Jonathan E. McDunn
- Subjects
Genetically modified mouse ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Population ,Spleen ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Major histocompatibility complex ,Lymphocyte Depletion ,Article ,Sepsis ,Mice ,Immune system ,medicine ,Animals ,education ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Macrophages ,Dendritic Cells ,Flow Cytometry ,medicine.disease ,Molecular biology ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Cytokine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ,Apoptosis ,Immunology ,Emergency Medicine ,biology.protein - Abstract
This study examined the fate of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (M Phi) in vivo in a murine model of sepsis. Wild-type, knockout, and transgenic mice were used to examine the role of Bcl-2 family members on the regulation of splenic DCs and M Phi survival. Bim knockout (Bim) mice and mice overexpressing Bcl-2 in selected hematopoietic cells were used: (a) overexpression of Bcl-2 in all hematopoietic cells using a vav promoter (Vav-Bcl-2) and (b) overexpression of Bcl-2 in all Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I cells (H-2K-Bcl-2). Mice underwent sham surgery or cecal ligation and puncture, and absolute numbers of splenic DCs and M Phi were determined. Importantly, two distinct M Phi populations, that is, well-differentiated "mature" M Phi population and a less differentiated "immature," "monocyte-like" (IM Phi) population were identified that demonstrated differential susceptibility to apoptosis. In wild-type mice, sepsis induced a 64% +/- 7% and a 77% +/- 3% decrease in absolute cell numbers of splenic DCs and IM Phi, respectively (n = 7, P < 0.05). Mature M Phi were not depleted in sepsis. No significant cell depletion was evident in Vav-Bcl-2, H-2K-Bcl-2, or Bim mice. We conclude that sepsis induces a major depletion of developing M Phi as well as DCs, and this depletion may be an important mechanism of immune suppression in sepsis.
- Published
- 2009
50. CD4+lymphocytes control gut epithelial apoptosis and mediate survival in sepsis
- Author
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Paul E. Stromberg, Cheryl A. Woolsey, Alfred Ayala, Richard S. Hotchkiss, Kevin W. McConnell, Craig M. Coopersmith, Isaiah R. Turnbull, Chun-Shiang Chung, Katherine Chang, Andrew T. Clark, Jessica A. Clark, and Timothy G. Buchman
- Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Male ,Programmed cell death ,Adoptive cell transfer ,Cell Survival ,Lymphocyte ,Apoptosis ,Spleen ,Biology ,digestive system ,Biochemistry ,Research Communications ,Mice ,Intestinal mucosa ,Sepsis ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Intestinal Mucosa ,Molecular Biology ,Homeodomain Proteins ,Mice, Knockout ,Epithelial Cells ,Adoptive Transfer ,Gut Epithelium ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ,Immunology ,CD8 ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Lymphocytes help determine whether gut epithelial cells proliferate or differentiate but are not known to affect whether they live or die. Here, we report that lymphocytes play a controlling role in mediating gut epithelial apoptosis in sepsis but not under basal conditions. Gut epithelial apoptosis is similar in unmanipulated Rag-1−/− and wild-type (WT) mice. However, Rag-1−/− animals have a 5-fold augmentation in gut epithelial apoptosis following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) compared to septic WT mice. Reconstitution of lymphocytes in Rag-1−/− mice via adoptive transfer decreases intestinal apoptosis to levels seen in WT animals. Subset analysis indicates that CD4+ but not CD8+, γδ, or B cells are responsible for the antiapoptotic effect of lymphocytes on the gut epithelium. Gut-specific overexpression of Bcl-2 in transgenic mice decreases mortality following CLP. This survival benefit is lymphocyte dependent since gut-specific overexpression of Bcl-2 fails to alter survival when the transgene is overexpressed in Rag-1−/− mice. Further, adoptively transferring lymphocytes to Rag-1−/− mice that simultaneously overexpress gut-specific Bcl-2 results in improved mortality following sepsis. Thus, sepsis unmasks CD4+ lymphocyte control of gut apoptosis that is not present under homeostatic conditions, which acts as a key determinant of both cellular survival and host mortality.—Stromberg, P. E., Woolsey, C. A., Clark, A. T., Clark, J. A., Turnbull, I. R., McConnell, K. W., Chang, K. C., Chung, C.-S., Ayala, A., Buchman, T. G., Hotchkiss, R. S., Coopersmith, C. M. CD4+ lymphocytes control gut epithelial apoptosis and mediate survival in sepsis.
- Published
- 2009
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