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XLS file - 34K, ER stress relation of genes up-regulated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts upon deletion of the AT/RT tumor suppressor gene Snf5 and also up-regulated in human AT/RT (SNF5KO_GS_UP genes, Isakoff et al., 2005)

XLS file - 147K, Six groups of genes (A-F), which show the highest correlation to one of the three tumor types

PDF file - 7.8MB

Supplementary Table 3 from Transcriptional Profiles of CD133+ and CD133− Glioblastoma-Derived Cancer Stem Cell Lines Suggest Different Cells of Origin

XLS file - 46K, ER stress relation of Group A genes (more highly expressed in AT/RT-like cells as compared to glioma and PNET cells).

Supplementary Table 2 from Transcriptional Profiles of CD133+ and CD133− Glioblastoma-Derived Cancer Stem Cell Lines Suggest Different Cells of Origin

Supplementary Table 4 from Transcriptional Profiles of CD133+ and CD133− Glioblastoma-Derived Cancer Stem Cell Lines Suggest Different Cells of Origin

Supplementary Figure 1 from Transcriptional Profiles of CD133+ and CD133− Glioblastoma-Derived Cancer Stem Cell Lines Suggest Different Cells of Origin

Supplementary Table 1 from Transcriptional Profiles of CD133+ and CD133− Glioblastoma-Derived Cancer Stem Cell Lines Suggest Different Cells of Origin

Supplementary Table 5 from Transcriptional Profiles of CD133+ and CD133− Glioblastoma-Derived Cancer Stem Cell Lines Suggest Different Cells of Origin

Using infrared predissociation spectroscopy of cryogenic ions, we revisit the vibrational spectra of alkali metal ion (Li+, Na+, K+) di- and triglycine complexes. We assign their most stable conformation, which involves metal ion coordination to all C=O groups and an internal NH⋯NH2 hydrogen bond in the peptide backbone. An analysis of the spectral shifts of the OH and C=O stretching vibrations across the different metal ions and peptide chain lengths shows that these are largely caused by the electric field of the metal ion, which varies in strength as a function of the square of the distance. The metal ion–peptide interaction also remotely modulates the strength of internal hydrogen bonding in the peptide backbone via the weakening of the amide C=O bond, resulting in a decrease in internal hydrogen bond strength from Li+ > Na+ > K+.

The evolution of smoldering fires in biomass stored in lab-scale silos with additional fuel material supplied repeatedly, has been studied. The direct effects of the added material on the sample are: cooling, enhanced thermal insulation, and facilitation of more intense combustion at a later stage. This article focuses on the cooling, which leads to an almost instantaneous reduction in the combustion rate. Surprisingly, this reduction does not vary only with the amount of material refilled – but also depends strongly on the stage of the smoldering process. This demonstrates that the underlying smoldering processes merely to a certain degree are regularized by the periodic refillings. Quantitatively, the functional relationship between the refilled amount and the change in combustion rate caused by the refilling was determined. The results displays four regimes, that reflect different stages of the smoldering process at the time of the refilling. Using the Arrhenius equation, we find for one of these regimes an expression for the ratio of combustion rates (immediately after to immediately before the refill) as function of the amount of added material. This expression contains only one free (undetermined) parameter. We determine the value of this parameter from the data and demonstrate that this value is consistent with a simple model for how the sudden cooling occurs spatially in the sample.

Civilization illnesses today impact, and will impact in the future, everyday life of people, particularly in high-income countries. Consequences are loss in life expectancy, reduction of quality of life as well as rising economic loads. The positive effects of stays and visits in natural environments on human well-being are known for a long time. Particularly, there are many indications that forest stays have health-promoting effects. This narrative review of the literature presents the current state of the research on health-promoting effects of forest exposure. Forest exposure has positive health effects on the cardiovascular system, the immune system and on mood. Especially in the context of stress reduction, forest exposure seems to have positive influences. However, little can be concluded about the extent of these positive effects, as most studies work without control environment or control groups. Moreover forest exposure is often associated with physical activity which is also known to have health benefits. Against the background of the positive health promoting trend further research should be carried out.

The study investigates the use of copy paper in poly (butylene adipate terephthalate)-PBAT and polylactide-PLA composites. The influence of paper volume fraction (21, 30 and 48%) on the void content and the composite properties was analysed by using two different compression moulding methods. An increasing fibre content lead to significantly improved tensile characteristics, while the Charpy impact strength showed a toughness decrease for PBAT and an increase for PLA composites. Additionally, layered composites, where either two stiff PLA composite layers enclosed a ductile PBAT composite core or vice versa, were produced with the aim to increase the toughness. Due to the high elongation of PBAT, the insufficient fibre/matrix adhesion and the low fibre length, this goal could not be reached. However, copy paper represents a good reinforcing component achieving a maximum strength of 120 MPa and a tensile modulus of 10.2 GPa at the highest paper volume fraction in PLA.

The new European organic regulation 2018/848 aims to phase out the use of non-organic seeds in organic farming by 2036. At present, achieving this goal in countries with a poorly developed organic seed sector is difficult, and therefore there is a great need to increase organic seed supply by promoting the development of the organic seed sector in Europe. This paper presents a conceptual framework to secure voluntary stakeholder involvement in the process of a gradual increase in the supply of organic seeds for organic farming. Stakeholders showed a high motivation to commit to concrete action points for moving forward. In addition, further actors were involved in the fulfillment of the commitments, a sign of a positive network effect in favor of organic seed production and use. The study indicates application potential and can complement mandatory policy instruments. Further progress monitoring is necessary to ensure that established structures maintain their function, and to keep the shared sense of responsibility alive.

We present barcoded oligonucleotides ligated on RNA amplified for multiplexed and parallel insitu analyses (BOLORAMIS), a reverse transcription-free method for spatially-resolved, targeted, in situ RNA identification of single or multiple targets. BOLORAMIS was demonstrated on a range of cell types and human cerebral organoids. Singleplex experiments to detect coding and non-coding RNAs in human iPSCs showed a stem-cell signature pattern. Specificity of BOLORAMIS was found to be 92% as illustrated by a clear distinction between human and mouse housekeeping genes in a co-culture system, as well as by recapitulation of subcellular localization of lncRNA MALAT1. Sensitivity of BOLORAMIS was quantified by comparing with single molecule FISH experiments and found to be 11%, 12% and 35% for GAPDH, TFRC and POLR2A, respectively. To demonstrate BOLORAMIS for multiplexed gene analysis, we targeted 96 mRNAs within a co-culture of iNGN neurons and HMC3 human microglial cells. We used fluorescence in situ sequencing to detect error-robust 8-base barcodes associated with each of these genes. We then used this data to uncover the spatial relationship among cells and transcripts by performing single-cell clustering and gene–gene proximity analyses. We anticipate the BOLORAMIS technology for in situ RNA detection to find applications in basic and translational research.

Die Ergebnisse der Analyse der Gruppendiskussionen ermoglichen vielfaltige Anschlusse an andere Studien. Die Verortung in den Forschungsstand erlaubt, Bruche und Kontinuitaten in der Beschaftigung mit dem NS herauszustellen. Dabei lasst sich eine Bestandigkeit der Bezuge zum NS uber die Jahrzehnte beobachten, die der wachsenden zeitlichen Distanz trotzt, und mit Hilfe der Analyseergebnisse durch die Identifikation mit Deutschland als Nation erlautert werden kann.

Transition from smoldering to flaming fire in cotton is investigated experimentally for five different sample sizes. Two different modes of transition are identified: early and late transition. Early transition to flaming occurs when smoldering combustion forms a hot glowing core inside a sample. As the smoldering burns through to the outside of the sample, air moves more easily into the core, resulting in a change in smoldering direction from reverse to forward smoldering, causing increased heat production and flaming. Late transition to flaming occurs occasionally after most of a sample is consumed by smoldering, and where randomly appearing glowing spots ignite flammable vapor from smoldering processes. The current setup consists of cotton samples where one side of the sample is situated next to a lightweight concrete block forming a boundary. Cotton samples with density 80 kg/m³ with dimensions equal to or larger than 0.45 m · 0.45 m · 0.15 m high, consistently give early transition to flaming, while smaller samples have early, late or no transition. By identifying an experimental set-up with a sample size that assures transition from smoldering to flaming, the transition phenomenon can be studied in even more detail.

Wie sich der Umgang mit dem und die Bedeutung des Nationalsozialismus in der Perspektive Jugendlicher angesichts des groser werdenden Zeitabstands ausgestaltet, wird in der vorliegenden Untersuchung empirisch bearbeitet und beantwortet. Als Zugange wurden das Gruppendiskussionsverfahren und die Grounded Theory Methodologie gewahlt. Das hierfur notwendige methodische Vorgehen wird in diesem Kapitel vorgestellt und erlautert.

Die Gruppendiskussionen gewahren Einblicke, wie sich die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Nationalsozialismus fur Jugendliche in Deutschland in Anbetracht der groser werdenden zeitlichen Distanz zu diesem gestaltet. Die Analyse des Materials erfolgt entlang den geschichtlichen Vorstellungen der Jugendlichen uber die NS-Zeit, ihren Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Thema und dessen Prasenz sowie den wahrgenommenen Nachwirkungen des NS, die in der Darstellung der Schuler*innen Einfluss auf aktuelle Diskurse, die deutsche Gesellschaft und die Jugendlichen selbst nehmen.

Die Studie umfasst acht Gruppendiskussionen mit Jugendlichen zu ihrer Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema Nationalsozialismus. Das Kapitel stellt die Zusammensetzung des Samplings, das Vorgehen bei der Erhebung und die Erhebungsinstrumente vor. Zusatzlich fassen thematische Verlaufe der gefuhrten Diskussionen diese kurz zusammen.

Human-derived cerebral organoids demonstrate great promise for identifying cell types and cell type specific molecular processes perturbed by genetic variants associated with neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, which are notoriously challenging to study using animal models. However, considerable challenges remain in achieving robust, scalable and generalizable phenotyping of organoids to discover cell types and cell type specific genes. We perform RNA sequencing on 71 samples comprising 1,420 cerebral organoids from 25 donors, and describe a framework (Orgo-Seq) to integrate bulk RNA and single-cell RNA sequence data from human post-mortem brains and cerebral organoids, for the identification of cell types and cell type specific individual genes. We apply Orgo-Seq for two autism-associated loci: 16p11.2 deletions and 15q11-13 duplications, and identify neuroepithelial cells as critical cell types for 16p11.2 deletions, and discover novel and previously reported cell type specific driver genes. Finally, we validated our results that mutations in the KCTD13 gene in the 16p11.2 locus lead to imbalances in the proportion of neuroepithelial cells, using CRISPR/Cas9-edited mosaic organoids. Our work presents a quantitative technological framework to integrate multiple transcriptomics datasets to identify cell types and cell type specific driver genes associated with complex diseases using cerebral organoids.

Burkitt lymphoma is a mature aggressive B-cell lymphoma derived from germinal center B cells(1). Its cytogenetic hallmark is the Burkitt translocation t(8;14)(q24;q32) and its variants, which juxtapose the MYC oncogene with one of the three immunoglobulin loci(2). Consequently, MYC is deregulated, resulting in massive perturbation of gene expression(3). Nevertheless, MYC deregulation alone seems not to be sufficient to drive Burkitt lymphomagenesis. By whole-genome, whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing of four prototypical Burkitt lymphomas with immunoglobulin gene (IG)-MYC translocation, we identified seven recurrently mutated genes. One of these genes, ID3, mapped to a region of focal homozygous loss in Burkitt lymphoma(4). In an extended cohort, 36 of 53 molecularly defined Burkitt lymphomas (68%) carried potentially damaging mutations of ID3. These were strongly enriched at somatic hypermutation motifs. Only 6 of 47 other B-cell lymphomas with the IG-MYC translocation (13%) carried ID3 mutations. These findings suggest that cooperation between ID3 inactivation and IG-MYC translocation is a hallmark of Burkitt lymphomagenesis.

Civilization illnesses today impact, and will impact in the future, everyday life of people, particularly in high-income countries. Consequences are loss in life expectancy, reduction of quality of life as well as rising economic loads. The positive effects of stays and visits in natural environments on human well-being are known for a long time. Particularly, there are many indications that forest stays have health-promoting effects. This narrative review of the literature presents the current state of the research on health-promoting effects of forest exposure. Forest exposure has positive health effects on the cardiovascular system, the immune system and on mood. Especially in the context of stress reduction, forest exposure seems to have positive influences. However, little can be concluded about the extent of these positive effects, as most studies work without control environment or control groups. Moreover forest exposure is often associated with physical activity which is also known to have health benefits. Against the background of the positive health promoting trend further research should be carried out.

Vertebrate fetuins are multi-domain plasma-proteins of the cystatin-superfamily. Human fetuin-A is also known as AHSG, α2-Heremans-Schmid-glycoprotein. Gene-knockout in mice identified fetuin-A as essential for calcified-matrix-metabolism and bone-mineralization. Fetuin-B deficient mice, on the other hand, are female infertile due to zona pellucida ‘hardening’ caused by the metalloproteinase ovastacin in unfertilized oocytes. In wildtype mice fetuin-B inhibits the activity of ovastacin thus maintaining oocytes fertilizable. Here we asked, if fetuins affect further proteases as might be expected from their evolutionary relation to single-domain-cystatins, known as proteinase-inhibitors. We show that fetuin-A is not an inhibitor of any tested protease. In stark contrast, the closely related fetuin-B selectively inhibits astacin-metalloproteinases such as meprins and ovastacin, but not astacins of the tolloid-subfamily, nor any other proteinase. The analysis of fetuin-B expressed in various mammalian cell types, insect cells, and truncated fish-fetuin expressed in bacteria, showed that the cystatin-like domains alone are necessary and sufficient for inhibition. This report highlights fetuin-B as a specific antagonist of ovastacin and meprin-metalloproteinases. Control of ovastacin was shown to be indispensable for female fertility. Meprin inhibition, on the other hand, renders fetuin-B a potential key-player in proteolytic networks controlling angiogenesis, immune-defense, extracellular-matrix-assembly and general cell-signaling, with implications for inflammation, fibrosis, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer.