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ZusammenfassungStaphylokokken-Vakzinen sind eine sinnvolle therapeutische Alternative zur herkömmlichen antibakteriellen Therapie bei der chronisch rezidivierenden Pyodermie des Hundes ohne feststellbare zugrundeliegende Erkrankung. Zu Beginn der Therapie sollte die Vakzine für mehrere Wochen mit anderen antimikrobiellen Behandlungen kombiniert werden. Der Therapieerfolg einer solchen Vakzine sollte erst nach 10, besser 18 Wochen beurteilt werden. Die Herstellung der Vakzine hat maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die Nebenwirkungen und die Wirksamkeit.

In early 2009, four human cases of cowpox virus cutaneous infection in northern France, resulting from direct contact with infected pet rats (Rattus norvegicus), were studied. Pet rats, originating from the same pet store, were shown to be infected by a unique virus strain. Infection was then transmitted to humans who purchased or had contact with pet rats.

The classical treatments for dogs with atopic dermatitis have traditionally been oral antipruritic drugs, allergen-specific immunotherapy and topical therapy. Fifty dogs with atopic dermatitis were included in this multicentred, double-blinded, randomized study to compare clinical response to an 8-week period of feeding one of three commercial veterinary foods marketed for dogs with atopic dermatitis (diets A-C) or a widely distributed supermarket food (diet D). Atopic dermatitis was diagnosed using Willemse's criteria and through the exclusion of differential diagnoses. Fourteen dogs were assigned to diet A and 12 dogs each to diet B, C or D. Flea and tick control using a monthly fipronil spot-on product was administered for a minimum of 4 weeks prior to inclusion in the study and during the study period. Evaluations were made monthly. These included lesion scores, using an established scoring system (canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index, CADESI-03) and owner evaluation of pruritus level using a visual analogue scale. After 8 weeks on the new diets, there was a significant improvement in CADESI and pruritus scores with diet B (Wilcoxon test, P = 0.043 and paired t-test, P = 0.012, respectively), in pruritus scores with diet A (paired t-test, P = 0.019) and in CADESI scores with diet D (Wilcoxon test, P = 0.037). No significant changes were detected with diet C. Based on the results of this study, in addition to the conventional therapies, changing the diet of dogs with atopic dermatitis may be a useful adjunctive therapeutic measure.

Although ketoconazole has been used extensively in dogs for the treatment of various fungal infections, information about adverse effects is mainly anecdotal. Common adverse effects in humans include dose-dependant anorexia, nausea and vomiting, allergic rashes and pruritus. Drug-induced hepatitis is very rare, but potentially fatal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the type and frequency of adverse effects associated with ketoconazole therapy in dogs treated for skin diseases and any possible influence of dosage, duration of therapy, signalment or concurrent medication. The medical records of 632 dogs treated with ketoconazole (2.6-33.4 mg/kg) were reviewed. Adverse effects occurred in 14.6% (92 dogs) and included vomiting (7.1%), anorexia (4.9%), lethargy (1.9%), diarrhea (1.1%), pruritus (0.6%), erythema (0.3%) and other adverse effects (2.5%). Of the dogs with other adverse effects, four of 16 (25%) were ataxic and three of these received concurrent ivermectin. Adverse effects were significantly more often recorded in dogs concurrently treated with ciclosporin (P = 0.034) or ivermectin (P = 0.007). Increased liver enzyme levels were reported rarely, and icterus was not seen in any of the dogs. However, monitoring liver enzymes during therapy is recommended, although this might not necessarily prevent severe idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity.

ObjectiveTo describe a case of feline sebaceous adenitis and mural folliculitis, and its successful treatment with topical fatty acids. AnimalA 5-year-old, male castrated Norwegian Forest cat was presented with a progressive seborrhoeic dermatitis. MethodsClinical examination and histopathological examination of skin biopsies. ResultsThere was severe, multifocal, lymphocytic mural folliculitis and perifollicular dermatitis, moderate hyperkeratosis and sebaceous adenitis on histopathology. Sebaceous glands were either absent or almost completely effaced by a dense lymphocytic infiltrate. Clinical signs began in spring on the face and neck and progressed over an 18 month period to involve the legs. Initially, topical and systemic antibacterial therapy for a mild bacterial overgrowth resulted in partial clinical response. There was no improvement with oral omega 6 fatty acids and surface cleaning. Treatment with a spot-on product containing essential oils, smoothing agents and vitamin E as the sole therapy was associated with a good - but incomplete - clinical response over a 6 month period, with hair regrowth and a marked decrease in seborrhoeic dermatitis. This improvement was sustained until 12months later when a severe deep pyoderma with associated anorexia and depression occurred. This was symptomatically treated and the cat remained clinically stable for a further 18months. Periocular and perinasal seborrhoea was a persistent feature. Conclusion and clinical importanceTopical essential fatty acid therapy may offer a viable alternative to ciclosporin, which has been reported for the successful treatment of this rare disease in cats. Resume ObjectifsDecrire un cas d'adenite sebacee et de folliculite murale chez un chat et l'efficacite de son traitement a l'aide d'acides gras topiques. SujetUn chat Norvegien male castre de 5 ans est presente en consultation pour dermatite seborrheique progressive. MethodesUn examen Clinique et histopathologique de biopsies cutanees. ResultatsL'examen histopathologique a revele une severe folliculite murale lymphocytaire multifocale et une dermatite perifolliculaire, une hyperkeratose moderee et une adenite sebacee. Les glandes sebacees etaient soit absentes, soit completement effacees par un infiltrat lymphocytaire dense. Les signes cliniques ont debute au printemps sur la face et le cou et ont progresse pendant 18 mois jusqu'aux membres. Initialement, le traitement topique et systemique antibacterien pour une surpopulation bacterienne a permis une amelioration clinique partielle. Il n'y a eu aucune reponse a une supplementation orale d'acides gras omega 6 et un nettoyage de surface. Un traitement avec un spot on contenant des huiles essentielles, des agents adoucissants et de la vitamine E a permis une bonne mais incomplete reponse clinique sur une periode de 6 mois avec une repousse pilaire et une diminution marquee de la dermatite seborrheique. Cette amelioration s'est maintenue pendant 12 mois jusqu'a ce qu'au developpement d'une severe pyodermite profonde associee a une anorexie et une depression. Un traitement symptomatique a permis de stabiliser les lesions cliniques pendant 18 mois. Une seborrhee peri-oculaire et peri-nasale etait persistante. Conclusion et importance cliniqueUn traitement topique d'acides gras essentiels peut etre une alternative valable a la ciclosporine, rapportee efficace dans le traitement de cette maladie rare du chat. Resumen Objetivodescribir un caso de adenitis sebacea felina con foliculitis mural, y su tratamiento exitoso utilizando acidos grasos topicos. Animalun gato macho castrado de cinco anos de raza bosque noruego se presento con una dermatitis progresiva seborreica. Metodosexamen clinico y examen histopatologico de las muestras de biopsia Resultadosse observo una foliculitis mural multifocal linfocitica severa y dermatitis perifolicular moderada con hiperqueratosis y adenitis sebacea en histopatologia. Las glandulas sebaceas estaban ausentes o casi completamente destruidas por un infiltrado linfocitico denso. Los signos clinicos empezaron en primavera en la cara y cuello y progresaron a largo de 18 meses para llegar a afectar las extremidades. Inicialmente la terapia antibacteriana topica y sistemica para tratar un ligero sobrecrecimiento bacteriano resulto en una respuesta parcial clinica. No hubo mejora con tratamiento a base de acidos grasos omega 6 por via oral y limpieza superficial. El tratamiento con un producto topico de aceites esenciales, agentes suavizantes y vitamina E como unica terapia produjo una respuesta buena-aunque incompleta-, durante un periodo de 6 meses, con crecimiento del pelo y marcada disminucion de la dermatitis seborreica. Esta mejora se mantuvo durante 12 meses posteriores momento en el que se produjo una pioderma severa y profunda asociada con anorexia y depresion. Esta fue tratada sintomaticamente y el gato permanecio clinicamente estable durante 18 meses mas. La seborrea periocular y perinasal fue una caracteristica clinica persistente. Conclusion e importancia clinicala terapia con acidos grasos esenciales topicos puede ofrecer una alternativa viable a ciclosporina, que ha sido descrita como una terapia exitosa en esta enfermedad rara en gatos. Zusammenfassung ZielEin Fallbericht, der eine Sebadenitis und murale Follikulitis bei einer Katze beschreibt, sowie die erfolgreiche Behandlung mit essentiellen Fettsauren. TiereEin funf Jahre alter, kastrierter Norwegischer Waldkater, der mit zunehmender Seborrhoe prasentiert wurde. MethodenKlinische Untersuchung und eine histopathologische Untersuchung von Hautbiopsien. ErgebnisseHistopathologisch wurde eine hochgradige, multifokale, lymphozytare murale Follikulitis und perifollikulare Dermatitis, sowie moderate Hyperkeratose und Sebadenitis festgestellt. Die Talgdrusen fehlten entweder oder waren fast zur Ganze von dichten Lymphozyteninfiltraten umgeben. Die klinischen Veranderungen begannen im Fruhling im Gesicht und am Hals und schritten im Verlauf von 18 Monaten weiter voran, wobei sie dann auch die Beine betrafen. Anfangs bewirkte eine topische und systemische Therapie gegen eine milde bakterielle uberwucherung teilweise eine klinische Verbesserung. Es bestand keine Verbesserung mit essentiellen Omega 6 Fettsauren per os und Oberflachenreinigung. Die alleinige Behandlung mit einem Spot-On Produkt, welches essentielle ole, Weichmacher und Vitamin E enthielt, ergab eine gute, jedoch nicht vollstandige, klinische Verbesserung uber einen Zeitraum von 6 Monaten, mit Nachwachsen der Haare und einer deutlichen Verminderung der Sebadentitis. Diese Verbesserung konnte weitere 12 Monate aufrechterhalten werden, bis eine hochgradige, tiefe Pyodermie, begleitet von Anorexie und Apathie auftrat. Diese wurde symptomatisch behandelt und die Katze blieb fur weitere 18 Monate klinisch stabil. Periokular und perinasal lag stets eine Seborrhoe vor. Schlussfolgerung und klinische BedeutungTopische Therapie mit essentiellen Fettsauren konnte eine sinnvolle Alternative zu Ciclosporin darstellen, was bisher zur Behandlung der Sebadentitis bei Katzen beschrieben wurde.

Атопический дерматит у собак является распространенным кожным заболеванием в практике лечения мелких домашних животных. Он считается аллергическим кожным заболеванием (обусловленным генетической предрасположенностью) с характерными признаками, сопровождающимся воспалением и зудом. Чаще всего это заболевание связано с IgEантителами (иммуноглобулины Е), вырабатывающимися на аллергены окружающей среды. При атопическом дерматите можно применять симптоматическое лечение посредством противовоспалительных лекарственных препаратов или методом аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии (АСИТ). До настоящего времени АСИТ был единственным специфическим методом лечения для собак, страдающих атопическим дерматитом. Симптоматическое лечение атопического дерматита включает в себя пероральное и местное применение глюкокортикоидов, циклоспорина А, антигистаминов, добавление в рацион жирных кислот, а также местное лечение с помощью противозудных шампуней.

Cowpox virus infection of humans is an uncommon, potentially fatal, skin disease. It is largely confined to Europe, but is not found in Eire, or in the USA, Australasia, or the Middle or Far East. Patients having contact with infected cows, cats, or small rodents sporadically contract the disease from these animals. We report here clinical aspects of 8 patients from the Munich area who had purchased infected pet rats from a local supplier. Pet rats are a novel potential source of local outbreaks. The morphologically distinctive skin lesions are mostly restricted to the patients' necks, reflecting the infected animals' contact pattern. Individual lesions vaguely resemble orf or Milker's nodule, but show marked surrounding erythema, firm induration and local adenopathy. Older lesions develop eschar, leaving slow-healing, deep ulcerative defects after eschar separation. Severe flu-like illness may be present in the acute phase. Smallpox-vaccinated patients tend to develop less severe reactions and heal more quickly. The differential diagnosis may include other localized orthopoxvirus infections, herpes simplex, bacterial infection, anthrax, foreign body granuloma, and primary tuberculosis. Dermatologists should be aware of the diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms for handling this disease.