Search

The article presents an analysis of the problem of mastering morphology and word formation in children in neuroscience, biology and linguistics, identifies motivational mechanisms that contribute to learning experience, namely: joyful, meaningful, active, motivational and social - in mastering morphology and word formation in children. From a neuroscientific point of view, these features can contribute to the acquisition of skills and contribute to the mastery of morphology and word formation in children. Models that describe the work of children's brains in mastering the morphological and lexical skills in them, expand the understanding of the probable mechanisms inherent in the human brain. In addition, studies of the cerebral cortex show that the brain of children is more vulnerable and sensitive to environmental influences, to the acquisition of knowledge than the brain of adults. With this in mind, the available scientific literature on the topic has been studied and (in most cases) the question of how each function can influence children's learning to master the basics of morphology and word formation has been studied. The importance of studying the research topic is due to the difficulties that arise in children when mastering morphology and word formation at different ages.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue desarrollar y probar experimentalmente la efectividad de un conjunto de condiciones pedagógicas para construir la competencia autodidacta de los futuros especialistas de la carrera de pedagogía. Los métodos empleados consistieron en: análisis, síntesis, cuestionario encuesta, simulación y métodos de estadística matemática Los indicadores que describen la competencia autodidacta de los alumnos del grupo experimental fueron significativamente superiores a los de los alumnos del grupo control. Los estudiantes del grupo experimental discutieron más activamente temas de autoaprendizaje, elaboraron mejor un plan para resolver una situación profesional problemática planteada por el docente, tuvieron mayores indicadores de motivación y autoeficacia. Estos resultados fueron promovidos por la diferenciación de la motivación que los profesores utilizaron en el experimento. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser utilizados para mejorar las calificaciones pedagógicas de los docentes, así como para mejorar la calidad de la formación de estudiantes de diferentes carreras en el estudio de materias profesionales. Por ende, las perspectivas de futuras investigaciones incluyen probar el impacto de las herramientas desarrolladas en el desarrollo de la competencia autodidacta de los estudiantes de carreras médicas, técnicas y económicas.

The problem of formation of grammatical structure of language in pre-schoolers is fundamental for understanding development of children’s speech. A brief description of the process of speech formation in preschool children suggests that a turning point in the development of speech is isolation of morphological elements of words from the merged speech material and their synthesis in their own utterances. However, differences in the actual data of researchers prevent discovery of a conditional standard by which grammatical structure of language is formed in ontogenesis. We considered the stages of speech development of a preschool child from birth to seven years old. We have singled out some important scientific facts for our study concerning the child’s acquisition of morphology and word formation. Thus, acquisition of grammatical knowledge is based on visual representation. This is quite a difficult way for a child, in which one can identify several stages: focusing on the sound form of a word, establishing a common sound form that is similar in different words, combining this form with a certain element, a phenomenon of the reality, establishing a “hard” connection of the sound complex with a specific phenomenon, and, as a consequence, projection of this sound complex to all words to denote the phenomenon in general (“model - type”).

The article theoretically substantiates and experimentally verifies the validity of the developed diagnostics by the method of contrast groups. The relevance of such a study is determined by the lack of development of the problem of diagnosing grammatical aspects of speech in preschool age for Slavic (inflected by nature) languages. It is proved that for a preschool child in the first stages there is no speech activity separately from the subject, so the object of its orientation is not speech activity, but a single semantic whole, an event that is presented in a sentence (sometimes a phrase, discourse). In the following stages, the child's attitude to speech reality changes. This reality is already special, different from the subject. For all stages of speech and speech development of the child is typical limited and unstable nature of orientation to certain aspects of linguistic reality, when the pre-schooler focuses on either the semantic or formal side of speech. At the end of the senior preschool age, gender differences in children's use of adjectives are the most significant. The reason for the active use in speech of adjectives by girls we see both in the psychological characteristics and gender guidelines of adults around them (active use of nouns and adjectives with hypocritical-diminutive suffixes).

The article presents a theoretical review of relevant sources on the topic in question and, consequently, formulates the basic principles, obstacles and guidelines for developing grammatically correct speech in preschoolers. The article contains the author’s linguodidactic model for developing grammatically correct speech in preschoolers, as well as pedagogical conditions for its implementation: ensuring the interrelation between the perspective trends in learning, speech activity and speech experience of children; developing preschoolers’ grammatical skills using the specially developed methodology; teaching preschoolers the rules of morphology and methods of word-formation in language lessons; applying different effective forms and methods of organizing learning and speech activity for preschoolers. The article proves that the consideration and implementation of these factors have contributed to developing the suggested linguodidactic model for developing grammatically correct speech in preschoolers. It has also allowed one to create and practically implement it within the framework of the quasi-experimental educational process. The article indicates certain noticeable shifts in children with high and sufficient levels in all parts of the language being analyzed. It indicates that mastering the methods of word-formation as a means of enriching vocabulary helps preschoolers to learn the rules of form change and word-formation. Besides, the article has proved the effectiveness of targeted development of grammatically correct speech in preschoolers. The article may be of interest to university teachers and theorists in teaching East Slavic languages as native (at the beginning of their study) or as foreign.

Mozolev O, Bloshchynskyi I, Prontenko K, Zdanevych L, Kruty K, Popovych O, Pisotska L. Influence of fitness techniques integration on the development of physical qualities and morpho-functional state of adult females / O.Mozolev , I.Bloshchynskyi, K.Prontenko , L.Zdanevych , K. Kruty, O. Popovych ,L. Pisotska // Hum Mov. 2021;22(1):57–65; doi: https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2021.98465. - С. 57-65

The research focuses on the philosophical aspects of children's play. The aim of the study is to analyze modern approaches to the classification and development of preschoolers` play activities, the negative phenomena of dysontogenesis and reduction of play. The authors analyzed the results of a survey of undergraduate students in specialty Preschool Education and their relatives about children's memories of the play, game situations and the impact of play competence (or lack of it) on adult life.Basic research methods are interview, surveys, statistical analysis.The main results of the study give grounds to claim that play is not the only leading activity of a senior preschooler. Even accepting the concept of "leading" and "non-leading" activities, it turns out that children's experimentation during preschool takes no less "leading" position than play. This fact radically changes the perception of conditions, goals and values in the organization of children's lives.The author's team proved that the dysontogenesis of play and non-acceptance of children's experimentation in preschool age leads to further distortion of the trajectory of development. The author's interpretation of the terms "play reduction", "play dysontogenesis", "amplification" and "simplification" of children's play is proposed.

The main condition for personal and mental development of a child is preservation of speech function or, in case of speech pathology, correction and development of all its structural components as a full-fledged means of communication. The purpose of the study is to scientifically substantiate, develop and experimentally test psychological and pedagogical conditions and methods of formation of speech activity in children with autistic disorders of older preschool age. There were highlighted effective methods for speech activity formation: creation and maintenance of a speech environment; constant speech support of a child; teaching a child to express thoughts in any way possible; use of stimulants and incentives in order to increase motivation for speech activity; use of available child’s vocalizations; use of echolalia and a tendency to stereotypical repetition of actions; stimulation of speech activity against the background of emotional recovery; development of speech activity by imitation; activation of passive vocabulary and its gradual translation into active; fostering initiative and desire for self-realization. The indicators of the formation level of speech activity components in EG compared with CG, respectively, are: motivation: high not found, sufficient: + 8.6%, average: + 19%, low: + 14.3%, zero - 41.9%; initiative: high not found, sufficient: + 10.7%, medium: + 13.8%, low: + 9.5%, zero - 34%; content: high: + 4.3%, sufficient: + 17.6%, medium: + 12.9%, low: - 27.3%, zero - 7.5%. The best indicators were achieved by children of the experimental group, which gives reason to assert the effectiveness and feasibility of using the proposed methodology for formation of speech activity in the process of correctional developmental education of children with autistic disorders.

The article examines the influence of physical education classes conducted on the basis of Polish and Ukrainian basic training programs on the level of physical fitness and physical development of pupils in secondary schools aged 9-10 years. The main features of the Polish and Ukrainian basic training programs are revealed, a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each program has been performed. The study involved 132 pupils of 4 forms of three schools in Khmelnytskyi (Ukraine), who were divided into control (CG) and experimental (EG) groups. CG pupils (n=67) were engaged in sports activities in accordance with the requirements of the Ukrainian basic training program in physical education, pupils of EG (n=65) – in accordance with the requirements of the Polish basic training program. The level of physical fitness of pupils was determined by the exercises that characterize different physical qualities and physical development – by the indices: power, speed, speed-power, endurance, agility. According to the results of the conducted researches it is established that indicators of physical development of EG and CG pupils have a steady tendency for improvement during the study period, which testifies to the effectiveness of both Polish and Ukrainian basic training programs in physical education.

The quality of education in general and preschool education in particular remains relevant both in the light of current reforms in the educational sphere of Ukraine and in the international context. Scientists pay attention to solving the problem of organizing comfortable environment, in particular the lack of internal space for each child. So far, the problems of teaching educators of preschooleducation establishments for the assessment of a high-quality sensory enriched environment have not been fully resolved. The purpose of the article is to determinate the effective quality scales of preschool education, to verify the most acceptable scales for assessment of the sensory enriched environment, to compare analysis of the obtained experimental data. During the research we used the following methods: observation, analysis, interviews, mathematical statistics, scales ECERS-R (Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised) and SSTEW (Sustained Shared Thinking and Emotional Well-being). The assessment of the condition of the sensory enriched environment was conducted by the 3rd year undergraduate students studying at the educational program «Preschool Education» at Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Mukachevo State University, Khmelnytskyi Humanitarian-Pedagogical Academy. At the stage of experimental activity, 21 experts, 30 educators were involved, 15 environments in preschool establishments were evaluated. The analysis of the main features of the external and internal sensory enriched environment, which was carried out on the basis of the proposed parameters of the ECERS and SSTEW scales, allows us to determine the features that set out the possibility of further enrichment of this environment. The authors propose to focus on the enrichment of the environment as a special means of integrating the accumulated pedagogical experience into a holistic pedagogical system, as well as the complexity of the child ’ s development situation, which is taken into account by adults.

The article outlines the main prerequisites for the transformation of modern competences in the training process of preschool education specialists (experience of the United Kingdom, Germany, Ukraine). Differences in the training of future preschool education specialists are found in the structure and content of educational programs (curriculums), namely: the bachelor’s training of preschool teachers is applied in Germany, as well as master’s programs for training of preschool education specialists; the development of new forms and methods of teaching occupies an important place in advancing of professional teacher education in the UK; they make it possible to create the future teachers’ ability for independent and critical thinking, the practical application of acquired knowledge and experience in educational research, role-based and simulation modeling, and creative search. In terms of professional competences, the most advanced training system of preschool teachers is revealed in the UK. However, in Germany, the process of training specialists in preschool education area was determined by institutional decisions, where preschool education was a form of childcare and part of social security. The United Kingdom is characterized by a longstanding tradition of a detailed, comprehensive framework of teacher’s competences for training of preschool teachers. Therefore, one of the core competences is professionalism and standards in combination with such competences, as: values, knowledge and skills. As opposed to Germany and the United Kingdom, in Ukraine the formation of key competences in the process of training specialists in preschool education is primarily based on professional basic knowledge and skills, values and attitudes, motives of pedagogical activity.