Search

Although recovery from borderline personality disorder (BPD) is common, not all individuals improve over time. This study sought to examine the features that contribute to response or non-response for individuals at different stages of recovery from BPD over a longitudinal follow-up. Participants were individuals with a diagnosis of BPD that were followed up after 1 year of receiving psychological treatment. There were no significant differences between participants at intake across key indices; however, at 1-year follow-up, two groups were distinguishable as either 'functioning well' (n = 23) or 'functioning poorly' (n = 25) based on symptomatology and functional impairment. Participant qualitative responses were analysed thematically and via Leximancer content analysis. Thematic analysis indicated three key themes: (1) love of self and others, (2) making a contribution through work and study and (3) stability in daily life. Participants who were 'functioning well' described meaningful relationships with others, enjoyment in vocation, and described less frequent or manageable life crises. The 'functioning poorly' group described relationship conflicts, vocational challenges, feelings of aimlessness and purposelessness, instability in daily living and frequent crises. Leximancer content analysis visually depicted these divergent thematic nomological networks. Corroborating quantitative analyses indicated significant differences between these groups for social, occupational and symptom profiles. These findings highlight the centrality of achieving the capacity to 'love and work' in fostering a sense of personal recovery. Treatments may need specific focus on these factors, as they appeared to reinforce symptomatic trajectories of either improvement or poor non-response to therapy.

This article attends to how contemporary artists Otobong Nkanga and Libita Sibungu work with mineral residues to locate and reimagine Namibian mining geographies among the material durations of colonialism and racial capitalism. Drawing on Black geographies, postcolonial and performance studies, I suggest that Nkanga’s and Sibungu’s respective methods of presencing uneven accumulations and embodied and geological temporalities constitute residual repertoires. From Nkanga’s work at the Green Hill in Tsumeb, to Sibungu’s traversal of diasporic mining geographies between Namibia and the UK, both artists trace mineral circulations through visual, sonic, and performance elements, finding ways to render forces of dispossession, genocide, struggle, and their afterlives (partially) perceptible. This work questions and repurposes institutionalized forms of representation whose visual and archival modes contribute to ongoing corporeal and material extraction. Critically intervening in and seeking to transform extractive geo-aesthetics, Nkanga and Sibungu generate speculative repertoires for other possible futures of mineral proximity.

Many postgraduate researchers (PGRs) take part in teaching or have teaching-related opportunities at Warwick, but currently, little is formally documented about their experiences. The aim of this research is to find out more about PGRs and teaching at Warwick, and to provide some insight into their experiences, many of which will have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This brief overview seeks to highlight some of the initial findings from an inaugural Warwick survey of PGRs, made in relation to teaching.

Behavioural needs are highly motivated actions critical to a species survival and reproduction. Prolonged restriction of these behaviours can lead to stereotypic behaviours (SB) in captive animals, and this is particularly common in ungulate species. While risk factors for SB have been suggested for some ungulates, no study has integrated these findings to identify which aspects of ungulates’ wild behavioural biology and captive husbandry are potential drivers for SB across this clade. We collated SB data from 15 236 individuals across 38 ungulate species from 95 sources, and determined species wild/free-ranging behaviour from 559 additional studies. Bayesian-phylogenetic statistical methods showed that ungulate behavioural needs relating to foraging and mating are particularly affected by captive environments, with promiscuous and browsing species showing the greatest prevalence of SB. Concentrate-only diets and lack of ad libitum feed substrates were also associated with high SB prevalence. This study identifies which ungulates are better suited to captive environments and which species require targeted husbandry, enrichment and breeding protocols in order to meet their behavioural needs. Our approach of applying Bayesian-phylogenetic inference to factors influencing SB within a clade can be used to identify other intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors of reduced animal health and welfare.

Purpose The current policy landscape advocates for the involvement of people with lived experience in the co-production and co-delivery of mental health services. However, evidence on how to do this safely and effectively for people with eating disorders (EDs) is lacking. The purpose of this study was to explore and synthesis the implementation of ED interventions which involved lived-experience and to evaluate the associated benefits and risks to participants. Design/methodology/approach This study will conduct a systematic review of ED interventions which involve people with lived experience of an ED. A total of seven databases and four subject-specific journals were searched using Boolean search terms. Findings The search yielded ten eligible studies. Involvement procedures were extracted which highlighted variation with some roles being continuous and active and others being isolated and passive. Qualitative results were extracted and thematically analysed which demonstrated many benefits from involving people with lived experience, such as normalisation of experiences, inspiration to recover and the sharing of insight, as well as some risks such as disingenuity and exposure to triggering content. Practical implications The implications of this review highlight the need for policy and guidance to minimise variation across procedures and implementation of co-production to ensure positive outcomes and benefits for participants, given the current landscape. More research in the benefits and risks for those involved in the delivery of the interventions is needed to ensure that co-production and peer support is delivered as safely and effectively as possible. Originality/value This was the first systematic review since 2016 (Fogarty et al., 2016) to assess peer-mentorship programmes in ED treatments, whilst expanding the remit to include wider definitions of peer-support and peer-mentorships such as co-production and co-design in research.

This article offers an account of “toxic infrastructures” as mutually material and discursive arrangements operating in the postwar, postcrash, and settler colonial landscapes of the United States. It specifically responds to Jennifer Scappettone’s multimodal poetic work The Republic of Exit 43, developed after the author’s discovery that the industrial landfill site she grew up alongside in New York had been classified by the US Environmental Protection Agency as requiring federal intervention. Tracing Scappettone’s poetic geographies from the “corporate dump” of Syosset Landfill to the more (in)famous waste site Fresh Kills, the article argues that Scappettone exposes the ways that certain bodies and ecologies are rendered physically and conceptually toxic and implicates readers in the uneven social, embodied, and ecological conditions of composition and response. It suggests that Scappettone’s practices of collage, salvage, and collaborative performance destabilize lyric subjectivity to address a “garbage arcadia” compounding the material accumulations of US consumerism and neoliberal financialization with longer processes of dispossession and displacement. Reading this text with feminist materialisms and Julian Talamantez Brolaski’s queer Indigenous poetry, the article considers how poetics might reckon with the material conditions and residues of uneven wasting and generate situated, critical, and relational approaches to toxic infrastructures.

Rehabilitant Malayan sun bears often remain in captivity for long periods of time and may experience significant welfare challenges including disability and persistent lip lesions. This study aimed...

Feed additives such zinc oxide (ZnO) reduce post-weaning diarrhea and improve nursery pig growth performance, but there is regulatory pressure to eliminate their inclusion due to environmental concerns. Dietary acidifiers have been shown to positively impact gut health, immune status, and performance post-weaning. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of feeding formic acid and/or glycerol monolaurate (GML) on immune status of nursery pigs. A total of 350 weanling pigs (DNA 200 × 400; 5.7 ± 0.06 kg BW) were fed for 42 d with 5 pigs/pen and 14 pens/treatment. Pens were assigned in a completely randomized design to 1 of 5 diets: 1) Negative control (no additives); 2) Control + 3,000 ppm ZnO in phase 1 and 2,000 ppm ZnO in phase 2; 3) Control + 0.7% formic acid; 4) Control + 0.18% GML; 5) Control + 1.0% blend of formic acid and GML. Blood samples were collected via the jugular vein on d 0 and d 14 from 1 randomly selected pig per pen (14 pigs/treatment; 70 pigs total) for analysis of serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). After collection, samples were centrifuged at 2,000 x g for 10 min at 4°C and recovered serum was stored at -20°C until analysis. Using an ELISA kit, IgA, IgG and TNF- α were measured according to the kit manufacturer’s recommendations. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS, with pig as the experimental unit. There was no evidence of differences (P > 0.05) in serum IgA, IgG, or TNF-α as a result of dietary treatment. Sampling day significantly impacted (P < 0.05) both serum IgA and IgG concentrations, where regardless of treatment, the levels of IgA increased from d 0 to 14 and decreased for IgG. In summary, feeding formic acid and/or GML did not impact serum immunoglobulin or cytokine levels. Further investigation into how these acidifiers effect immune function post-weaning is needed.

Sheep are highly social domesticated animals that evolved to live in large and structured groups. As in other group-living species, individuals differ in the level of association they have with others, and these associations often result in lasting and stable social bonds. However, there are substantial gaps in our knowledge of the temporal social dynamics in sheep, and how their social bonds vary in relation to environmental changes. Here, we aimed to assess the social relationships between ewes and lambs, collecting dyadic associations data of 41 ewes and 55 lambs through the use of proximity loggers on a commercial farm. We computed association indices between each pair of animals to estimate the proportion of time any two individuals associated. We first generated an aggregated network of the whole 13-day observation period, and we compared the values of association indices between different types of dyads (i.e., lamb-mother, lamb-ewe non-mother, lambs littermates, lambs non-littermates, ewe-ewe). We generated aggregated contact networks on a daily scale to compare the ego-networks of individuals obtained in successive time windows to determine how stable social associations were over time. As would be expected, the highest values of association indices were found in dyads formed by dams and lambs (0.17 ± 0.11) and by lambs of the same litter (0.32 ± 0.09). Both single-born and twin-born lambs showed high association values with their dams (single-born: 0.24 ± 0.11; twin-born: 0.1 ± 0.05), although twin-born lambs had stronger associations with their littermates compared with those with their mothers (p-value < 0.001). At a temporal level, the flock exhibited periods of high network stability at the beginning and at the end of the study period. However, periods of social instability occurred one-two days after management interventions, such as changes in field size. These transitory periods of social instability were driven by changes in the association patterns of ewes and single born lambs. In contrast, the ego-networks of twin-born lambs remained relatively stable, supported by strong association levels between twins. Thus, the social instability of the social network was not a global one, but some parts of the network remained stable while others underwent important changes. Our study represents a first step to track social associations within an ewe-lamb group using proximity tags and advances our understanding of the social organisation of sheep. We highlight the importance of detecting social network instability as a consequence of different types of perturbations in order to identify the presence of social rearrangements.

In the itself poetic closing chapter of this edited collection, Heather H. Yeung describes ecopoetics as a creative and critical practice of ‘impropriety’. She argues that ‘[t]he gesture that re-ma...

This report from the field evaluated the effects of temporal placement of feedback, and presence or absence of stated goals, on employee skill acquisition in the context of an organization-wide tra...

Purpose Adherence to self-administered biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) is necessary for therapeutic benefit. Health-system specialty pharmacies (HSSPs) have reported high adherence rates across several disease states; however, adherence outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) populations have not yet been established. Methods We performed a multisite retrospective cohort study including patients with RA and 3 or more documented dispenses of bDMARDs from January through December 2018. Pharmacy claims were used to calculate proportion of days covered (PDC). Electronic health records of patients with a PDC of Results There were 29,994 prescriptions for 3,530 patients across 20 sites. The patient cohort was mostly female (75%), with a median age of 55 years (interquartile range [IQR], 42-63 years). The median PDC prior to chart review was 0.94 (IQR, 0.83-0.99). Upon review, 327 patients had no appropriate treatment gaps identified, 6 patients were excluded due to multiple unquantifiable appropriate gaps, and 420 patients had an adjustment in the PDC denominator due to appropriate treatment gaps (43 instances of days’ supply adjusted based on discordant days’ supply information between prescriptions and physician administration instructions, 11 instances of missing fills added, and 421 instances of clinically appropriate treatment gaps). The final median PDC after accounting for appropriate gaps in therapy was 0.95 (IQR, 0.87-0.99). Conclusion This large, multisite retrospective cohort study was the first to demonstrate adherence rates across several HSSPs and provided novel insights into rates and reasons for appropriate gaps in therapy.

The concept of “Legacy Scholars” as a special issue series was originally developed by the International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship (IJGE) at one of our editorial meetings in London. Led by IJGE Consulting Editor Dr Kate Lewis, the series was launched in 2020 with the special issue: Celebrating a Decade of Research in Gender and Entrepreneurship: The Legacy Special Issue. This vehicle was appropriate for our core objectives – platforming eminent research scholars in the field while also reaching out to the next generation of excellent scholars by way of building a legacy of research scholarship. Hence, for our first legacy special issue, we invited established eminent gender and entrepreneurship scholars to submit papers that reflected on the developments within the field through their personal lens and then to nominate young talented scholars whose work would be platformed in a subsequent legacy special issue. The 2020 eminent scholars (Vol. 12, Issue 1) included Professors Brush, Greene, Welter, Marlow, Hughes, Jennings, Watson, Holmquist, Sundin and Nelson. We are extremely grateful to these leading lights for not only sharing their research insights with the IJGE community by allowing us to publish their scholarly contributions but also for taking the time to pass the baton to the next generation by offering their personal nominations for the subsequent legacy special issue; it is the work of these young scholars that we platform here. Consistent with our original intention to build a legacy of gender and entrepreneurship scholarship, we will be reaching out to the 2021 scholars to offer their nominations for the legacy special issue III.

Highlights • Multiple model triangulation identifies variables that are likely true positives. • Triangulation increases confidence in which managements to recommend in practice. • Effective management of ewes can lower prevalence of lameness in ewes and lambs., Identification of factors associated with an outcome can be challenging when the number of explanatory variables is large in relation to the number of observations. Multiple model triangulation, where results from several model types are combined, improves the likelihood of identifying true predictor variables. The aim of this study was to use triangulation to identify covariates likely to be truly associated with the prevalence of lameness in sheep flocks in Great Britain. Data were collected using a questionnaire sent to 3200 sheep farmers in Great Britain in 2018. The useable response rate was 14.1 %. The geometric mean prevalence of lameness was 1.4 % (95 % CI 1.2−1.7) for ewes, and 0.6 % (95 % CI 0.5−0.9) for lambs, however, approximately 60 % flocks had >2% prevalence of lameness in ewes. Four model types were investigated, two generalised linear models (negative binomial and quasi-Poisson) built using stepwise selection, and two elastic net models (Poisson and Gaussian distributions) refined with selection stability estimation. Triangulated covariates were those selected in three or all four models – 10 for ewes and 12 for lambs. Higher prevalence of lameness in ewes was associated with 5−100% feet bleeding during routine foot trimming compared with not foot trimming, footbathing the flock to treat severe footrot (SFR) and always using formalin in footbaths, both compared with not footbathing, using FootVax™ for 3 weeks compared with always. Lower prevalence of lameness in ewes was associated with vaccinating with FootVax™ for >5 years compared with not vaccinating, peat soil compared with no peat soil, and having no lame ewes to treat. Higher prevalence of lameness in lambs was associated with 5−100% feet bleeding during routine foot trimming, always foot trimming ewes with SFR, not knowingly selecting replacement ewes from ewes that were never lame compared with always, replacement sheep purchased and homebred compared with only homebred, treating lambs >3 days after recognition of lameness compared with 0-3 days and footbathing the flock to treat interdigital dermatitis compared with not footbathing at all. Lower prevalence of lameness in lambs was associated with peat soil, flocks in Scotland versus England, an altitude of >230−500 m compared with ≤230 m, never using antibiotic injection to treat lambs with SFR compared with always, and having no lame lambs to treat. We conclude triangulation identified reliable management practices for farmers to implement to minimise lameness in sheep.

Rehabilitant Malayan sun bears often remain in captivity for long periods of time and may experience significant welfare challenges including disability and persistent lip lesions. This study aimed to investigate whether short-term observations of behavior such as oral stereotypies are useful as noninvasive indicators of lip lesion pain, and whether behavior differs between able-bodied and disabled bears. Observations were collected from 21 captive, rehabilitant Malayan sun bears, of both sexes, a range of ages, and with lip lesions ranging in severity. Some also had disabilities.Oral stereotypy frequency was unrelated to lip lesion severity (p 0.05), and no relationships with other behaviors were found; however, visual disabilities had significant effects on behavior. For example, visually disabled bears walked more than able-bodied bears (p = 0.003) or those with physical disabilities (p = 0.01). Further research on the feeding behavior of bears suffering from lip lesions may elucidate other potential behavioral indicators of pain. Researching effects of visual disabilities in bears with a larger sample size is also recommended to determine generalizable impacts in affected individuals and resulting welfare implications.

The aim of the article is to explore the barriers and drivers to (and associated incentives and disincentives of) engaging with environmental management practices for small businesses. The data are...

While the Anthropocene has emerged as a major critical paradigm across multiple disciplines in recent years, its conceptual, aesthetic and political dimensions demand further investigation. Respond...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review recent published research on entrepreneurship education (EE) specifically within the special issue collections of the journal Education +Training, and to assess the overall contribution to the field. The research questions focus on: What topics are explored by these SI papers? What trends can be observed in relation to country context and methodological approach? How is EE defined in these papers, and how do the papers contribute to the wider entrepreneurship research agenda? Design/methodology/approach The paper uses an adapted version of the systematic literature review approach, focusing on the discrete special issues on entrepreneurship/enterprise education published in the journal Education + Training since 2010. A comprehensive reading guide was used to review the papers, with completed data compiled into a single excel spreadsheet to facilitate analysis. A total of 66 papers were reviewed. Findings A considerable range of themes, geographical contexts and methodological approaches were used in the papers reviewed. A mix of qualitative and quantitative approaches were also found. The papers were characterised by a strong international and applied dimension, with the core collective contribution of the SI papers laying in their direct relevance to practice. Research limitations/implications The paper is limited by its deliberate focus on a discrete set of special issue papers; however, the total of 66 papers included in the review is noteworthy. Practical implications The paper demonstrates the considerable learning that can be garnered from the Education + Training special issue collection for EE practitioners. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time this discrete collection of special issue papers has been reviewed.

Captive bears are housed in environments that differ greatly from their natural habitat, restricting their ability to perform normal species-specific behaviours. This may be detrimental to welfare, with disabled individuals at particular risk. The effect of physical disability on behaviour and enclosure utilisation was assessed in 12 adult Malayan sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) using 10min interval scan sampling. Amputees spent less time performing locomotor behaviours than able-bodied bears, used their enclosures less evenly, but did not exhibit obvious stereotypies. This was possibly due to the increased energy demands of locomotion, or residual pain in amputated limbs. Amputees spent less time grooming, but did not differ in time spent climbing compared with non-amputees. Partially sighted bears did not differ from able-bodied controls in enclosure use or behaviour. Age was positively correlated with stereotypical behaviour, and negatively correlated with maintenance and resting. Medication use was associated with more resting and grooming, and reduced stereotypy. The findings suggest that enclosures for amputees can be smaller than those for able-bodied bears, but should still contain a variety of climbing structures. Partially sighted bears fare well in enclosures designed for able-bodied bears, not requiring any special provision.

© 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Collaborative arrangements and partnerships are increasingly perceived as the lifeblood of social entrepreneurship. How, why and when collaboration occurs across the social entrepreneurial ecosystem is an emergent area of research emphasis with potential to contribute to and develop new theories as well as provide practical insights. This introductory article, for the special issue on ‘The Collaborative Dynamic in Social Entrepreneurship’, draws on extant literature and three original contributions to explore the nature and challenges of the collaborative imperative in social entrepreneurship and to present possible avenues for future research. It also comments on theoretical underpinnings and provides methodological insights for the future study of collaborative social entrepreneurship.

Purpose Micro and small enterprises face growing expectations from stakeholders to behave responsibly in respect of environmental management. However, many continue to exhibit patterns of relative disengagement with both environmental management and associated training. The purpose of this paper is to explore the attitudes and experiences that underpin both. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on survey data from 148 owner-managers of micro and small firms in New Zealand’s manufacturing sector. Binary logit regression and non-parametric testing were employed to examine influences on engagement with both environmental management and environmental training. Findings There is a lack of knowledge of, and participation in, training related to environmental management. Awareness tends to be from firms already engaged in training; signalling a potential circularity of exposure effect. A distinct division in attitude exists between those who identify with personal responsibility and autonomy as the pathway to responsibility in respect of their firm’s environmental impact and those who cede to the collective actions of other communities to dictate engagement (i.e. industry associations and government). Research limitations/implications The survey is based on the perceptions of the respondents to the survey statements and as such it is a self-assessment. Originality/value The paper is one of few that investigate the challenge of securing engagement with training and development in environmental management by micro and small enterprises in the New Zealand context.

Anna Rachel Lewis was born in Leicester on 24 January 1980 to Len and Kath. She was educated at Longslade Community College and trained at the University of Sheffield, graduating in the top 10% of her year. She worked at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, where she completed her core medical training before embarking on the global odyssey in 2010 with her beloved sister, Kate, that was to bring her so much joy, and so many new friends. By 2012 Anna was working as a medical registrar at Tauranga Hospital, New Zealand. When her consultant there became terminally ill, Anna and some of her colleagues took it on themselves to care for him around the clock so that …

Purpose This paper aims to report an empirically grounded theoretical framework within which to understand the role of entrepreneurial identity development in the discovery, development and exploitation of opportunity, and to elaborate on how these identity transitions both mobilise and constrain female entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study-based research design was used in this study. Primary and secondary data were collected from eight female participants (all of whom can be categorised as “mumpreneurs”) and analysed to inform the theoretical framework that is the foundation of the paper. Findings The authors describe how identity conflict, role congruence and reciprocal identity creation play a critical role in venture creation as a form of entrepreneurship. Drawing on the constructs of identification, self-verification and identity enactment, the authors build a theoretical framework for understanding entrepreneurial identity transitions in relation to opportunity-seeking behaviours. Research limitations/implications The work is theoretical in character and based on a sample that, whilst rich in the provision of theoretical insight, is small in scope. Additionally, the sample is located in one geographical context (New Zealand) which likely has implications for the way in which the key constructs are perceived and enacted. Originality/value This paper is an attempt to integrate conceptualisations of entrepreneurial identity development with opportunity-related processes in the context of venture creation. A holistic focus on identity transitions and their relevance to perception and action in relation to opportunity (the root of entrepreneurial behaviour) is novel; at this point, it is exploratory in intention and tentative in reach.

The design of a novel apparatus, the Glen Withy torque tester (GWTT), for measuring horizontal shear properties in equine sport surfaces is described. Previous research has considered the effect of vertical loading on equine performance and injury but only limited discussion has concerned the grip or horizontal motion of the hoof. The horizontal support of the hoof by the surface must be sufficient to avoid excess slip without overloading the limb. The GWTT measures the torque necessary to twist an artificial hoof that is being pushed into the surface under a consistently applied vertical load. Its output was validated using a steel surface, then was used to test two sand and fibre surfaces (waxed and non-waxed) through rotations of 40–140°, and vertical loads of 157–1138 N. An Orono biomechanical surface tester (OBST) measured longitudinal shear and vertical force, whilst a traction tester measured rotational shear after being dropped onto the surfaces. A weak, but significant, linear relationship was found between rotational shear measured using the GWTT and longitudinal shear quantified using the OBST. However, only the GWTT was able to detect significant differences in shear resistance between the surfaces. Future work should continue to investigate the strain rate and non-linear load response of surfaces used in equestrian sports. Measurements should be closely tied to horse biomechanics and should include information on the maintenance condition and surface composition. Both the GWTT and the OBST are necessary to adequately characterise all the important functional properties of equine sport surfaces.

Aam Aadmi has achieved tremendous transformation from the stage of isolation to the stage of decision maker in the era of globalization. Increasing political concerns, neglecting the confidence on Aam Aadmi has resulted in huge loss to the dictators. In view of the importance of Aam Aadmi, a great change has occurred in terms of concern for Aam Aadmi in the present era. Increasing initiations of social schemes including Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) and National Food Security Bill, 2013 are some of the best examples which show that the government is highly concerned for the development and as well as empowerment. In view of the emergence of two of the most popular schemes by the government, the present paper will critically examine the need for social schemes for Aam Aadmi. Further, the paper also contributes the benefits of the schemes. Further, the challenges ahead for the successful implementation of the scheme have also been presented in the paper. The present paper is mainly based on the secondary data. The data pertaining to the opinions of the common people especially in rural India have also been considered. The paper provides the valuable observations on examining the impact of social schemes for the upliftment of Aam aadmi.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use boundaryless career theory as a perspective from which to explore understanding related to the interplay between life-stage and career transitions in women; and, specifically, the life-stage-related event of motherhood relative to the transition from corporate employment to self-employment. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative longitudinal research design was operationalized over a four-year period and data from both primary and secondary sources were collected in relation to four New Zealand case studies. Findings – The findings highlight how life-stage events such as motherhood can have a profound influence on both the perception and enactment of careers and career transitions. In total, two primary micro-processes were identified in relation to the career transitions of the female participants into self-employment and were labeled “traditional employment” (relating to role change; integrating work and life domains; opportunity seeking; and support) and “creating boundaries” (relating to: compartmentalization of responsibility, life-stage events, work models, and business growth and success). Research limitations/implications – Exploratory in nature; small in scale; limited to one geographic context. Originality/value – The authors attempt to add a more nuanced understanding of the notion of boundaryless careers in relation to entrepreneurship generally and the transition of a group of women into self-employment specifically. Both the discourse and pragmatics of boundaries between work/life and past careers/new careers is more salient in terms of success than possibly historically understood in this domain, and the enactment of boundaries richer and more diverse than theory may currently account for.

This article considers the nature of the portrayal of female entrepreneurs in public narratives of entrepreneurship and whether there exists a reductionist approach to such discourses. If there are basic plots driving such narratives, how authentic are they and what characteristics do they embody? Consideration is also given to whether individualism is amplified at the expense of the silencing of collectivism and the implications of such a trend. Two original and theoretically driven typologies are put forward that attempt to capture primary narrative characterisations of ‘the female entrepreneur’.

Purpose – In this paper, the authors aim to develop a framework that provides a holistic approach to the assessment of entrepreneurial performance outcomes (EPOs) incorporating the multitude of factors (such as entrepreneurial goals and cultural norms) that research suggests can impact the entrepreneurial process. Design/methodology/approach – In developing the suggested framework, the authors draw on both the existing literature and the findings provided in the five papers selected for this special issue. Findings – The framework the authors advance suggests that the satisfaction male and female entrepreneurs derive from their ventures is principally determined by a combination of the goals they set for their business and the outcomes/outputs achieved. There is also some evidence to suggest that, other things equal, females may experience higher levels of satisfaction with their ventures than males. Other key issues the authors have incorporated into the framework that are important to a better understanding of the entrepreneurial process include the resources the entrepreneur has available (human, financial and social); various external environmental factors (for example, government support programmes); and gender (for example, to the extent that women are more risk averse than men they may set more modest goals for their ventures). Originality/value – The holistic framework the authors present for assessing (and better understanding) the entrepreneurial process should help direct/focus: future research concerned with assessing, evaluating and understanding EPOs; government policies designed to promote entrepreneurial initiatives; and those providing advice to the sector.

This article is based on an example of socially entrepreneurial practice – the creation of the Student Volunteer Army – by a young New Zealander, Sam Johnson, immediately after a natural disaster: the Christchurch earthquakes of 2010 and 2011. Collins’ interaction ritual chain theory is used as a theoretical framework for examining the micro-sociological interactions that underpinned this socially innovative response during a state of emergency. The emotion and power generated via these chains of interaction rituals (within and beyond the socially entrepreneurial Student Volunteer Army) had significant impact and positive outcomes that spilled over advantageously. The article finds relevance in examining micro-interaction rituals within bounded contexts as a result of their potential to result in macro-behavioural and/or cultural changes.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the self‐employment experiences of a group of “third age entrepreneurs” from a business assistance perspective. As well as examining what sources of business assistance are utilised, and what influences such decisions, methods of access and perceived impact are also considered – as are the reasons for non‐use.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on data from in‐depth interviews with 14 individuals who entered self‐employment when they were 50 years of age or older.FindingsThe findings from the interviews suggest that there is limited engagement by these older entrepreneurs with the business support infrastructure. Interactions tend to be with a limited number of trusted professionals with whom relationships are already established. There is a lack of demand for initiatives, targeted or otherwise, and a desire to remain independent and self‐reliant.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper reports on a small‐scale qualitative study, and therefore the results are not generalisable.Originality/valueThe paper make a contribution to the small, but critical, knowledge base focused on better understanding third age entrepreneurship. Specifically, it is one of few studies to explore the phenomenon from a support infrastructure perspective.

© 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Côté’s model of ‘identity capital’ is said to comprise a set of strengths and psycho-social skills that are deployed by individuals to both define themselves and represent how others define them. Identity capital is multi-dimensional by nature, both tangible and intangible in character and acquired through the application of resources in identity exchanges. The identity capital framework is built around the youth experience and is, therefore, germane to an exploration of the meaning, motivation and value of youth engagement with socially entrepreneurial endeavours. The young are described as an increasingly important cohort in terms of the creation of socially innovative solutions to the world’s ‘wicked problems’ – and as leaders, not merely followers. In this paper, the model is applied to a single case study of a young New Zealand social entrepreneur using multiple sources of both primary and secondary data (with a longitudinal orientation). Particular emphasis is given to probing how identity capital in this example is accumulated, deployed and exchanged in relation to the lived experience of being a young social entrepreneur, and through a socially entrepreneurial cultural frame of reference.