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The aim of this study is to examine the research and ICT competencies and scientific process skills of teachers in different branches in Kazakhstan and the relationship between these three variables. The sample of the study consists of 258 teachers working in different cities of Kazakhstan in the 2022-2023 academic year. Teacher Research Competence Scale, Scientific Process Skills Scale and Information and Communication Technologies Competence Scale were used as data collection tools. Arithmetic mean, unrelated sample t test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple linear regression analysis methods were used to analyze the data obtained. As a result of the research, it was determined that the participant teachers had moderate level of competencies in using research and information communication technologies and scientific process skills. Participant teachers' competencies in using research and information communication technologies and scientific process skills show significant differences according to their gender and branches. In particular, it was observed that teachers working in science and mathematics branches exhibited high research and ICT competencies and scientific process skills. Finally, significant relationships were observed between participant teachers' research and ICT competencies and scientific process skills. Scientific process skills were found to be the most important factor affecting teachers' research skills and competencies.

Objectives: The direct approach for determining reference intervals (RIs) is not always practical. This study aimed to generate evidence that a real-world data (RWD) approach could be applied to transfer free thyroxine RIs determined in one population to a second population, presenting an alternative to performing multiple RI determinations. Design and methods: Two datasets (US, n = 10,000; Europe, n = 10,000) were created from existing RWD. Descriptive statistics, density plots and cumulative distributions were produced for each data set and comparisons made. Cumulative probabilities at the lower and upper limits of the RIs were identified using an empirical cumulative distribution function. According to these probabilities, estimated percentiles for each dataset and estimated differences between the two sets of percentiles were obtained by case resampling bootstrapping. The estimated differences were then evaluated against a pre-determined acceptance criterion of ≤7.8% (inter-individual biological variability). The direct approach was used to validate the RWD approach. Results: The RWD approach provided similar descriptive statistics for both populations (mean: US = 16.1 pmol/L, Europe = 16.4 pmol/L; median: US = 15.4 pmol/L, Europe = 15.8 pmol/L). Differences between the estimated percentiles at the upper and lower limits of the RIs fulfilled the pre-determined acceptance criterion and the density plots and cumulative distributions demonstrated population homogeneity. Similar RI distributions were observed using the direct approach. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that a RWD approach can be used to transfer RIs determined in one population to another.

Nitro compounds play a crucial role in academia and industries, serving as building blocks for the synthesis of drugs, agrochemicals, and materials. Nitration, a fundamental process in organic synthesis, has undergone significant evolution since the 19th century. While electrophilic nitration dominates historically, recent decades have seen a focus on new reagents and their reactivity modes for achieving mild and robust synthesis of nitro compounds. Our group has a longstanding interest in developing cost-effective, readily available, recyclable nitrating reagents derived from organic scaffolds. These reagents serve as a controllable source of nitryl radical and nitronium ion species, enabling mild and practical nitration of hydrocarbons with exceptional functional group tolerance. This account details the development of nitrating reagents and their diverse applications in catalytic nitration across various classes of organic molecules.

The paper analyzes the methods of stabilizing generation schedules of photovoltaic stations (PV) in electric power systems (EPS) in the process of balancing electricity. Since PV is characterized by the instability of electricity production due to dependence on weather conditions, an automatic system for forecasting their generation schedules (ASFG) for the next day has been created to increase the energy efficiency of PV. The process of automating the prediction of the power stations as part of the balancing group of the power stations and the algorithm for adjusting the prediction of power plant generation are considered. The criterion for managing the forecasting process is the minimization of the difference between the values ​ of forecasted and actual generation for the same period of time. Checking the performance and tuning of the ASFG PV in order to evaluate its functioning and the effectiveness of its application in the task of balancing the states of the EPS is possible only by means of simulation. It is shown that based on the nature of the process of forecasting the generation of PV using ASFG, it is advisable to use simulation modeling. Since the actual value of generation is constantly monitored during balancing using ASFG, it is possible to use these values ​​during simulation and proceed to real-time simulation. In this case, modeling is considered as an experimental method of research, according to which it is not the object itself that is subjected to perturbations and research, but the software-implemented computer model of the object. The real-life simulation model of the operation of the PV makes it possible to more fully consider the various modes of their operation in the process of balancing the modes of the EPS as part of the balancing group and to more reasonably choose decisions regarding the participation of the PV in generation, taking into account weather conditions and the limitations of the system operators of transmission and distribution of electricity.

We highlight key contributions in the field of direct radical CAr− H (hetero)aromatic functionalization involving fluorinated radicals. A compilation of Functional Group Transfer Reagents and their diverse activation mechanisms leading to the release of radicals are discussed. The substrate scope for each radical is analyzed and classified into three categories according to the electronic properties of the substrates. Density functional theory computational analysis provides insights into the chemical reactivity of several fluorinated radicals through their electrophilicity and nucleophilicity parameters. Theoretical analysis of their reduction potentials also highlights the remarkable correlation between electrophilicity and oxidizing ability. It is also established that highly fluorinated radicals (e.g. ⋅OCF3) are capable of engaging in single‐electron transfer (SET) processes rather than radical addition, which is in good agreement with experimental literature data. A reactivity scale, based on activation barrier of addition of these radicals to benzene is also elaborated using the high accuracy DLPNO‐(U)CCSD(T) method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Государственные закупки являются одним из важных регуляторов государственной экономики. Сегодня они играют важную роль в решении социально-экономических задач, развитии малого и среднего бизнеса, оказывают значительную роль в развитии даже самых отдаленных регионов страны. В этой связи реализация данных задач возможна лишь при профессиональном и рациональном управлении бюджетными средствами. Между тем, проведенный анализ показал о высоком росте правонарушений в сфере государственных закупок, а также их системности. В этой связи автором предлагаются пути решения данной проблемы. Статья обладает научной ценностью, так как освещает актуальную и малоисследованную тему осуществления государственных закупок в Республике Казахстан, позволяет осмыслить эффективность и перспективы его развития. Цель и идеи исследования: провести анализ состояния правонарушений, совершаемых в сфере государственных закупок, выявить причины и условия совершения правонарушений, изучить международный опыт, предложить пути совершенствования системы государственных закупок. Краткое описание научной и практической значимости работы заключается в том, что система государственных закупок нуждается во внедрении принципа профессионализма, в разработке высшего государственного образовательного стандарта и постоянном повышении квалификации заказчиков. Краткое описание методологии исследования: Методологическую основу составили общенаучные методы и сравнительно-правовой метод. Основные результаты и анализ, выводы исследовательской работы: Автором выявлено, что действующий Закон «О государственных закупках» устанавливает к должностным лицам общие квалификационные требования. Для эффективности функционирования системы государственных закупок автор предлагает в Законе Республики Казахстан «О государственных закупках» дополнить принцип профессионализма, установить конкретные квалификационные требования к должностным лицам, а также использовать опыт США по подготовке специалистов в анализируемой сфере. Ценность проведенного исследования: представляет интерес для органов государственной власти, для заказчиков государственных закупок, студентов, магистрантов и докторантов. Практическое значение итогов работы: полученные теоретические результаты будут способствовать совершенствованию правоприменительной практики, а также организации эффективного управления государственными закупками в Республике Казахстан. Ключевые слова: государственные закупки, принципы, профессионализм, Республика Казахстан, эффективное управление.