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Supplemental material, JHS899332 Supplemental material for Clinical outcomes of unstable metacarpal and phalangeal fractures treated with a locking plate system: a prospective study by Takeshi Katayama, Kazuhiko Furuta, Hiroshi Ono and Shohei Omokawa in Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume)

The COSY control system as well as other subsystems are being upgraded. The 2 MeV electron cooler was recently extended with the EPICS control system and thereby integrated into the control and data acquisition system of the Cooler Synchrotron COSY. Taking advantages of the new software capabilities, studies of transverse and longitudinal magnetized electron cooling of a proton beam at 2.4 GeV/c were carried out. Electron and stochastic cooling were combined to reduce the cooling time while achieving lowest possible emittance and momentum spread. Results from experiments are discussed including cooling dynamics during operation of an internal cluster-jet target designed for the PANDA experiment at HESR. We present the results of probing the electron velocity distribution by means of the strongly cooled beam itself. The shape of the measured distibution may be caused by the galloping/scalloping effects within the electron beam. This effect plays a significant role in the strong dependence of the longitudinal and transverse electron cooling process on the proton beam size. Also discussed are the technical developments, achievements and further plans regarding the control system upgrade., Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics, COOL2019, Novosibirsk, Russia

The Collector Ring is designed for stochastic cooling of antiprotons or radioactive ions at FAIR. Simulations of the cooling process in combination with the required RF beam manipulations have been done taking into account the improved and recently fixed ion-optics. The measured RF properties of the first of series debuncher system have been considered to evaluate the performance of the bunch rotation, de-bunching and re-bunching process within the planned CR operation cycle. The expected beam parameters and matching at extraction to the HESR storage ring are discussed in this paper. The latest hardware developments of the stochastic cooling system components are also presented., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

The stochastic cooling system of the HESR (High Energy Storage Ring) is based on completely new structures especially designed for the HESR. Each beam surrounding slot of these so called slot-ring couplers covers the whole image current without a reduction of the HESR aperture and without any plunging system. One pickup and one kicker have been already fabricated and installed into the COSY ring to demonstrate stochastic cooling in all three dimensions with only one structure. First results of commissioning with proton beams will be presented. The longitudinal cooling system at HESR is based on filter cooling with an optical notch-filter and ToF cooling. The demanding accuracy concerning phase stability requires dedicated control of the notch-frequency. The optical COSY filter has been modified and can be proven in long term runs together with the new stochastic cooling system., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark

第31回宇宙環境利用シンポジウム (2017年1月16日-17日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)), 相模原市, 神奈川県, Space Utilization Research (January 16-17, 2017. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 資料番号: SA6000061026, レポート番号: SUS31-G11

Stochastic cooling is obligatory for the NICA accelerator facility that is presently under development at JINR, Russia. Cooling will work with the high-intensity bunched beams in the 3-4.5 GeV energy range; all three dimensions will be treated simultaneously. The preparatory experimental work on stochastic cooling is carried out at accelerator Nuclotron (JINR) since 2010. During this work hardware solutions and automation techniques for system adjustment have been worked out and tested. Based on the gained experience the overall design of the NICA stochastic cooling system was also developed. The report describes the results of cooling experiments at Nuclotron, the developed adjustment automation techniques and presents the design of the NICA stochastic cooling system., Proceedings of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics, COOL2015, Newport News, VA, USA

The High-Energy Storage Ring (HESR) is part of the upcoming International Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI in Darmstadt. The HESR dedicates to the field of high-energy antiproton physics to explore the research areas of charmonium spectroscopy, hadronic structure, and quark-gluon dynamics with high-quality beams over a broad momentum range from 1.5 to 15 GeV/c. The facility provides the combination of powerful phase-space cooled antiproton beams and internal Pellet or gas jet targets to achieve the requirements of the experiment PANDA in terms of beam quality and luminosity. Recently, the feasibility of the HESR has been investigated for the application of cooled heavy ion beams with the special emphasis on the experimental program of the SPARC collaboration at FAIR. In this contribution an outline of the Fokker-Planck approach and particle tracking for momentum cooling assisted by a barrier bucket cavity with an internal target is given. A comparison of the filter and filter-less TOF cooling techniques including beam feedback is presented. Simulation and experimental studies at COSY to verify the predictions of the cooling theory complete the contribution., Proceedings of the Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics, COOL2015, Newport News, VA, USA

第16回宇宙科学シンポジウム (2016年1月6日-7日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)相模原キャンパス), 相模原市, 神奈川県, 16th Space Science Symposium (January 6-7, 2016. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)Sagamihara Campus), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 資料番号: SA6000046157, レポート番号: P-158

The intention of the theory part of the book is to outline a comprehensives and contiguous description of the stochastic cooling theory which is applied in the cooling simulations to predict the beam properties in internal target experiments at COSY and HESR. The cooling formalism is extended to include the beam-target interaction. The latter is discussed in more detail in chapter 4. The simulations and momentum cooling experiments at COSY with internal targets demonstrate that the mean energy loss due to the beam-target interaction cannot be compensated by a momentum cooling application alone. Instead, an h = 1 rf-cavity or a barrier bucket cavity is mandatory to compensate the mean energy loss, specifically for thick targets as they are envisaged in the PANDA experiment at the HESR. Beam dynamics experiments at COSY have proven that stochastic momentum cooling with simultaneously barrier bucket operation behaves similar to stochastic cooling of a DC beam and therefore constitutes the preferable method to compensate the mean energy loss successfully. To investigate the cooling experiments theoretically the Fokker-Planck approach of 1-dimensional momentum cooling as outlined in chapter 2 has been extended to include the beam-target interaction under the assumption that the mean energy loss is compensated. Intrabeam scattering (IBS) caused by small-angle Coulomb scattering in a charged beam is incorporated with an additional diffusion term (chapter 5). Stochastic betatron cooling is described in chapter 3. The rate equations are extended so as to include the small-angle Coulomb scattering due to the beam-target interaction which leads to a transverse emittance growth with time. The authors have investigated the beam cooling process in the HESR for these several years, developing the cooling theory and the simulation code and frequently performing the experiment at the COSY to confirm the simulation results and benchmark the computer code. After the intensive work it is now concluded that the stochastic cooling is able to attain the high resolution antiproton beam for the energy range 1 to 14 GeV and will meet the requirements for internal target experiments with heavy ions too. The aim of the theory part of the book is to present a detailed derivation of the longitudinal and betatron stochastic cooling formalism which is applied in part 2 of the book to determine the cooling predictions for COSY or the HESR including internal targets and Intrabeam Scattering. The derivation includes the beam-target interaction formalism. [...]

The 2 MeV electron cooler is operated in the COSY ring since 2013. So far electron beam up to 1.5 MeV was demonstrated. Dedicated electron cooling studies with proton beams up to 1.66 GeV kinetic energy and electron beam current up to 0.9 A were carried out. A reduction of proton beam emittance by one order of magnitude within a few hundred seconds was observed. Overview of HV and electron beam commissioning activities is presented. Electron cooling results are discussed.