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Preparation and detailed structural characterization of iron-nickel wire-like nanochains with Fe0.75Ni0.25, Fe0.50Ni0.50, and Fe0.25Ni0.75 compositions are reported. The investigated nanomaterials were produced in the novel template-free magnetic-field-induced reduction reaction with NaBH4 as a reducing agent. It is demonstrated that this method leads to the formation of Fe-Ni nanochains composed of spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 50-70 nm and with a very high degree of atomic disorder manifested as the lack of clearly developed bcc and fcc phases, which are usually observed for nano- and polycrystalline Fe-Ni species. The recorded wide-angle X-ray scattering data for the obtained Fe-Ni nanochains exhibit a strong resemblance to those obtained for bulk metallic glasses. The atomic scale structure of the investigated nanochains has been studied using pair distribution function analysis of the recorded total scattering data. The best fits to the experimental pair distribution functions have been achieved assuming two-phase models of hcp and bcc networks with the size of coherently scattering regions of about 2.5 nm in diameter, for each Fe-Ni composition. Transmission electron microscopy images indicate that the glass-like bimetallic alloy cores are covered by amorphous oxide/hydroxide shells with thickness ranging from 2 to 5 nm. Moreover, electron energy loss spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Mossbauer spectroscopy results confirm the core-shell structure of the Fe-Ni nanochains and a complex character of shell layer which consists of several iron- and nickel-containing phases.

Space agencies are working on the project of capturing asteroids which contain natural resources valuable for industry. Based on studies of meteorites samples it was determined that the most useful source of raw materials for this purpose could be parent bodies of ordinary chondrites of type H. The identification of the type of ordinary chondrites with the use of a classical method (determination of the Fa/Fs ratio (fayalite versus ferrosilite) by electron microprobe measurements) cannot be performed on the surface of asteroids due to technical reasons. It may, however, be done based on Mössbauer measurements followed by the application of the 4M method. The name of the method – 4M, comes from four words: Meteorites, Mössbauer spectroscopy, Multidimensional discriminant analysis and Mahalanobis distance. Following the success of Mössbauer spectroscopy in the mission on Mars, there are suggestions to use the same method for the investigation of the surface of asteroids. In our experimental study, in which five Mössbauer laboratories took part, we assessed the effectiveness and reliability of the 4M method by comparison of the results obtained by Mössbauer studies of ordinary chondrites of type H, L and LL. Details of the study and problems related to the effectiveness of the 4M method are discussed.

Choreographic work was the object of copyright protection under the Berne Convention, as revised at Berlin in 1908, as well as under the historical Polish copyright legislations — the 1926 Act (as an original, “not based on any existing work of art” work of “rhythmic art (choreography)”) and the 1952 Act (as a “work of choreographic art” preserved in “scenarios, drawings or photographs”). It was also included, as a “choreographic work”, in the exemplary catalogue of works protected under the Act of 4 February 1994 on Copyright and Related Rights (“the Copyright Act”), currently in force. The purpose of this paper, due to limited framework, is to analyse some basic concepts related to the conditions that a movement composition shall meet in order to qualify as a choreographic work in the meaning of the Copyright Act. It is shown based on the polonaise from the film Pan Tadeusz, directed by Andrzej Wajda. This choice allows to introduce threads related to folklore as well as the use of unprotected pieces of the public domain in choreographies into the discussion. Moreover, the article briefly presents the correlation between choreographic work and other intellectual works — literary, musical, and audiovisual.

Poprzez wyroki prejudycjalne w przedmiocie wykładni aktów prawa unijnego, Trybunał Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej wpływa jednocześnie na interpretację prawa krajowego oraz linię orzeczniczą sądów państw członkowskich. Prawo autorskie na poziomie unijnym zostało zharmonizowane w ograniczonym zakresie, dlatego wypowiedzi Trybunału mają istotne znaczenia dla sądów krajowych rozstrzygających w sprawach dotyczących prawidłowego funkcjonowania rynku wewnętrznego. W niniejszym artykule, analizie poddane zostaje orzecznictwo Trybunału dotyczące prawa autorów do publicznego udostępniania ich dzieł w rozumieniu art. 3 ust. 1 dyrektywy 2001/29/WE Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady z dnia 22 maja 2001 r. w sprawie harmonizacji niektórych aspektów praw autorskich i pokrewnych w społeczeństwie informacyjnym. Ponadto, w pracy poruszone zostają zagadnienia wiążącego charakteru orzeczeń Trybunału oraz ich wpływu na orzecznictwo sądów polskich w przedmiocie linkowania do utworów chronionych prawem autorskim.

In our paper four Mӧssbauer spectra of ordinary chondrites (previously classified by a classical method based on determining the ratio of ferrosilite (Fs) to fayalite (Fa) with an electron microprobe) are presented and discussed. These are the Mӧssbauer spectra of two ordinary chondrites type H (Pultusk and Grzempach), one ordinary chondrite type L (Hyattville) and one type LL (NWA 6287). These meteorites were compared, using their Mӧssbauer spectra with the following four other samples: a fragment of a rock that fell near Leoncin in Poland (sample No. 1), a fragment of a rock found in the vicinity of Pultusk in Poland (sample No. 2), a meteorite specimen bought on the meteorite exchange (sample No. 3) and a stone object whose decline was observed in Europe (sample No. 4). The spectrum of sample No. 1 is very similar to the spectrum of ordinary chondrite of type LL. This observation was confirmed using 4M method (previously created by us). The spectrum of sample No. 2 differs significantly from the spectrum of sample of the Pultusk meteorite. In the spectrum of sample No. 3, a clear signal from iron-nickel alloy and troilite can be observed. This fact allows us to state that sample No. 3 is a fragment of rock that was created in cosmic conditions. Sample No. 4 has a Mӧssbauer spectrum similar to the spectrum of terrestrial magmatic rocks. This observation does not clearly determine where the examined object comes from. This work demonstrates the usefulness of Mӧssbauer spectroscopy in recognizing samples that are fragments of meteorites.

The main objective of this work is to study the influence of thermal oxidation on the chemical composition and magnetic properties of iron nanoparticles which were manufactured in a simple chemical reduction of Fe3+ ions coming from iron salt with sodium borohydride. The annealing processing was performed in an argon atmosphere containing the traces of oxygen to avoid spontaneous oxidation of iron at temperatures ranging from 200 °C to 800 °C. The chemical composition and magnetic properties of as-prepared and thermally-treated nanoparticles were determined by means of X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, Mossbauer spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. Due to the magnetic interactions, the investigated iron nanoparticles tended to create the dense aggregates which were difficult to split even at low temperatures. This caused that there was no empty space between them, which led to their partial sintering at elevated temperatures. These features hindered their precise morphological observations using the electron microscopy techniques. The obtained results show that the annealing process up to 800 °C resulted in a progressive change in the chemical composition of as-prepared iron nanoparticles which was associated with their oxidation. As a consequence, their magnetic properties also depended on the annealing temperature. For instance, considering the values of saturation magnetization, its highest value was recorded for the as-prepared nanoparticles at 1 T and it equals 149 emu/g, while the saturation point for nanoparticles treated at 600 °C and higher temperatures was not reached even at the magnetic field of about 5 T. Moreover, a significant enhancement of coercivity was observed for the iron nanoparticles annealed over 600 °C.

This work describes the detailed studies performed on the nanocomposite composed of chemically-modified multiwall carbon nanotubes covered by hematite nanoparticles which diameters vary from 10 nm to 70 nm. This nanomaterial was fabricated in two-steps facile chemical synthesis and was characterized with the use of several experimental techniques, such as: thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission Mossbauer spectroscopy in order to determine its structure precisely. Moreover, the investigated nanocomposite was tested as an anode material of Li-ion batteries. Its cycling performance was stable during 40 cycles, while its capacity was retained at the level of 330 and 230 mAh/g at the discharge/charge rate of 25 and 200 mA/g, respectively.

Si-poor Fe 74 Nb 3 Cu 1 Si 8 B 14− x P x , ( x =0, 3) nanocrystalline ribbon-form alloys often form surfaces, which exert in-plane force on underlying ribbon interior when nanocrystallized in even modest presence of oxygen. Mostly unwanted hard-ribbon-axis magnetic anisotropy is standard result. Essential sources of the surface-caused stress have been sought and influence of P instead of B substitution on this effect was studied too. Preferred surface crystallization (PSC) was found to be the major reason. However P substitution suppresses PSC and promotes Fe-oxide formation, which eases the stress, softens the surfaces and provides different annealing evolution of surface properties.

Several samples of dusts from steel and coke plants (collected mostly with electro filters) were subjected to the investigation of content of mineral phases in their particles. Additionally, sample of bog iron ore and metallurgical slurry was studied. Next, the magnetic susceptibility of all the samples was determined, and investigations of iron-containing phases were performed using transmission Mössbauer spectrometry. The values of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility χ varied in a wide range: from 59 to above 7000 × 10−8 m-3·kg−1. The low values are determined for bog iron ore, metallurgical slurry, and coke dusts. The extremely high χ was obtained for metallurgical dusts. The Mössbauer spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns point to the presence of the following phases containing iron: hematite and oxidized magnetite (in coke and metallurgical dusts as well as metallurgical slurry), traces of magnetite fine grains fraction (in metallurgical dusts), amorphous glassy silicates with paramagnetic Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions, traces of pyrrhotite (in coke dusts), α-Fe and nonstoichiometric wüstite (in metallurgical slurry), as well as ferrihydrite nanoparticles (in bog iron ore). For individual samples of metallurgical dusts, the relative contributions of Fe2+/3+ ions in octahedral B sites and Fe2+ ions in tetrahedral A sites in magnetite spinel structure differs considerably.

The main aim of the work was to show the correlation between magnetostrictive properties and microstructure of 25 nm thick Co90Fe10 films deposited on soft magnetic underlayers. A special attention was paid to the role of the interface region. In the case of Co90Fe10 on 25 nm and 35 nm thick METGLAS underlayers one can resolve in conversion electron Mossbauer spectra two hyperfine field distributions (high-field and medium-field ones) corresponding to both constituents of bilayers. Analogical distributions describe the spectra of Co90Fe10 on 25 nm and 35 nm thick Ni81Fe19 underlayers, however an additional low-field, smeared component has been observed. It has been attributed to the interface layer (of partially disordered structure) between magnetostrictive layer and soft magnetic layer. Such interpretation is backed up by the obtained strong correlation between mean hyperfine field value and magnetostriction constant of the films. The investigated bilayers are good candidates for MRAM devices.

This work describes an oxidation process of iron-iron oxide core-shell nanowires at temperatures between 100 °C and 800 °C. The studied nanomaterial was synthesized through a simple chemical reduction of iron trichloride in an external magnetic field under a constant flow of argon. The electron microscopy investigations allowed determining that the as-prepared nanowires were composed of self-assembled iron nanoparticles which were covered by a 3 nm thick oxide shell and separated from each other by a thin interface layer. Both these layers exhibited an amorphous or highly-disordered character which was traced by means of transmission electron microscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The thermal oxidation was carried out under a constant flow of argon which contained the traces of oxygen. The first stage of process was related to slow transformations of amorphous Fe and amorphous iron oxides into crystalline phases and disappearance of interfaces between iron nanoparticles forming the studied nanomaterial (range: 25-300 °C). After that, the crystalline iron core and iron oxide shell became oxidized and signals for different compositions of iron oxide sheath were observed (range: 300-800 °C) using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy. According to the thermal gravimetric analysis, the nanowires heated up to 800 °C under argon atmosphere gained 37% of mass with respect to their initial weight. The structure of the studied nanomaterial oxidized at 800 °C was mainly composed of α-Fe2O3 (∼ 93%). Moreover, iron nanowires treated above 600 °C lost their wire-like shape due to their shrinkage and collapse caused by the void coalescence.

The main goal of this work is to study the structural and magnetic properties of iron nanowires and iron nanoparticles, which have been fabricated in almost the same processes. The only difference in the synthesis is an application of an external magnetic field in order to form the iron nanowires. Both nanomaterials have been examined by means of transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry and Mössbauer spectrometry to determine their structures. Structural investigations confirm that obtained iron nanowires as well as nanoparticles reveal core–shell structures and they are composed of crystalline iron cores that are covered by amorphous or highly defected phases of iron and iron oxides. Magnetic properties have been measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The obtained values of coercivity, remanent magnetization, saturation magnetization as well as Curie temperature differ for both studied nanostructures. Higher values of magnetizations are observed for iron nanowires. At the same time, coercivity and Curie temperature are higher for iron nanoparticles.

The investigations of iron-containing phases existing in fly ashes were performed using transmission Mössbauer spectrometry. The examined samples of fly ashes were collected from different coal combustion systems, that is, stoker-fired boiler in municipal heating plant and pulverized coal boiler in power plant. Several phases are identified in the samples: iron oxides, paramagnetic aluminosilicate glass with Fe3+ ions and Al2O4-type spinel with Fe2+ ions. It was pointed out that proportions of contents of phases strongly depend not only on the combustion temperature but also on the way of ash collection.

Raman spectroscopy as well as Mössbauer spectroscopy were applied in order to study the phase composition of iron nanowires and its changes, caused by annealing in a neutral atmosphere at several temperatures ranging from 200°C to 800°C. As-prepared nanowires were manufactured via a simple chemical reduction in an external magnetic field. Both experimental techniques proved formation of the surface layer covered by crystalline iron oxides, with phase composition dependent on the annealing temperature (T a). At higher T a, hematite was the dominant phase in the nanowires.

The article presents results of Mossbauer analysis conducted in order to identify structural factors which help to increase wear resistance of steel friction pairs. Wear resistance was tested in the regime of dry friction and oxidative wear using an original tribological tester. The device measured wear in conditions of a created and regulated isothermal boundary at a precisely defined distance from contact of rubbing bodies by receiving heat generated by friction. Cleaning elements were also employed to stabilise frictional resistances. Enhanced wear resistance was observed to obtain where temperature of the friction area becomes equal to the specific temperature of a given system. Mossbauer analysis was applied to surfaces of specimens made of C45, 145Cr6 counter specimens, and wear products. Application of Mossbauer analysis helped to identify composition and structures of ferrous compounds generated by friction, including oxidative secondary structures. Factors improving wear resistance in the testing included: presence of greater quantities of FeO and Fe 3 O 4 combined with absence of Fe 2 O 3 in the friction area of ferrous oxides, transfer of wear particles arising from ferrite, martensite and oxides between co-acting surfaces, enrichment of the specimen surface with martensite from the hard counter specimen and martensite generated in effect of diffusion impacts.

Transmission Mossbauer spectroscopy was used to determine the hyperfine fields of Finemet-type alloys in form of ribbons, substituted alternatively by Mn, Ni, Co, Al, Zn, V or Ge of various concentration. The comparative analysis of magnetic hyperfine fields was carried out which enabled to understand the role of added elements in as-quenched as well as annealed samples. Moreover, the influence of the substitution on the mean direction of the local hyperfine magnetic field was examined.

Magnetic texture of amorphous Finemet-type alloys substituted by Co, Ni, Mn, Ge and V was investigatedby means of Mossbauer spectroscopy using various angular configurations. Samples in form of ribbons weremanufacturedbysingle-rollermeltspinningtechnique. Inmostofinvestigatedalloyssomepreferenceofalignmentof atomic magnetic moments in-plane of sample is stated, except of some alloys substituted by germanium inwhichslighttendencytoout-ofplanespinorientationisproved.PACS:76.80.+y,75.50.Kj,81.40.Ef

This analysis was performed as a part of the palaeomagnetic project focused on the reconstruction of the palaeogeographic position of the Svalbard Archipelago and adjacent crustal units (European Arctic) in the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic. Three rock formations — Cambrian, Devonian and Carboniferous were sampled in the area of Hornsund, southern Spitsbergen. The main aim of the presented study is to identify ferromagnetic minerals (sensu lato) — the carriers of the natural remanent magnetisation in the investigated rocks. A wide range of magnetic methods were used: the Lowrie tests, unblocking temperatures determinations and the measurement of coercivity spectra as well as the Mossbauer studies. In Devonian and Carboniferous samples all applied methods indicate the domination of the hematite natural remanent magnetisation carrier. In Cambrian rocks magnetic measurements reveal a mixture of ferromagnetic (sensu lato) minerals with varying coercivities and unblocking temperatures. The Mossbauer data improve the identification, suggesting that in Cambrian rocks the carrier of the dominating natural remanent magnetisation component is maghemite.

Amorphous as well as two-phase nanocrystalline Finemet-type soft magnetic alloys substituted by transition elements (Ni, Co, V) have been studied by means of Mossbauer spectroscopy. The main subject of interest was the distribution of magnetic hyperfine field (MHF) in Ni substituted alloys. The increase of mean MHF was stated as a result of crystallization. It was found that changes of transition metal concentration cause different kind of hyperfine field evolution, attributed both to the alteration in grain structure and other effects related to crystallization processes.

Amorphous and nanocrystalline FINEMET-type alloys with vanadium addition up to 7 at% were investigated by the Mossbauer spectroscopy and magnetic methods. The outcomes evidence alterations in grain structure, although the main effect is related to the changes in intergranular phase. This induces diminution of mean hyperfine field, saturation induction and Curie temperature as well as the increase in coercivity.

Two series of Fe19.8Ni80.2 samples obtained by ball milling and differing in the form of starting material were investigated by Mossbauer spectroscopy. In the case of milled elemental powder, strong structural evolution was stated: both α and γ phases arise and a small amount of pure iron is present as well. The annealing of as-milled powder at 490°C causes faster forming of γ-(Ni–Fe) phase. Only slight changes in atomic order were stated in the series of milled polycrystalline ribbon.

Room temperature Mossbauer spectrometry, magnetostriction SMFMR technique and magnetic measurements of two-phase nanocrystalline Fe76.5Cu1Si13.5B9 alloy have been carried out in order to study structural and magnetic properties. The composition of both the crystalline grains and the amorphous remainder has been derived for samples subjected to various heat treatments. The observed type of evolution of the effective magnetostriction constant points to the strong relaxation process of internal stresses in the course of the crystallization.

The detailed analysis of atomic and magnetic structure has been performed by Mossbauer spectroscopy for polycrystalline Fe80Ga20 films of different thickness ranging from 20 nm to 200 nm. The films were deposited on Si(100) substrate using dual sputtering and evaporation method. Obtained CEMS spectra have been fitted with several Gaussian distributions of hyperfine magnetic field. The results point to the domination of BCC disordered A2 phase and the absence of DO3 and L12 phases in the films. Both hyperfine parameters and lattice constant reveal anomaly for 40 nm thick sample — presumably due to the change of the internal stress. Spin texture evolves from in-plane to out-of-the-plane configuration with increasing thickness.

Conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy and magneto-optical Kerr effect were applied to investigate hyperfine interactions and macroscopic magnetic properties of Finemet-type thin films. Phase analysis as well as compositional evolution of hyperfine parameters and coercivity was performed in the range of chromium percentage 0 ≤ x ≤ 14. Essential differences in structure and hyperfine parameters were found for films of different chromium concentration. Coercivity shows non-monotonic dependence with minimal value at x = 5.

The aim of this work was to present experimental results on the investigation of structure and magnetic properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline ( Fe 1 - x Co x ) 73.5 Cu 1 Nb 3 Si 13.5 B 9 alloys with special attention to the evolution of magnetostriction. It has been proved that cobalt takes part in the primary crystallization and causes formation of BCC α -(FeCo)Si phase and for higher Co content FCC β -Co phase after annealing treatment. It was observed that Fe/Co ratio in α -(FeCo)Si phase and the crystallization of β -Co phase influenced the evolution of magnetostriction.

Amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe-Zr-B-(Cu) alloys with different B content have been studied with the Mossbauer spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. It has been shown that amorphous alloys show Invar type compositional characteristics whereas in the nanocrystalline state the residual amorphous matrix does not exhibit the exchange frustration due to enrichment with Zr and B. In the Mossbauer spectra of the nanocrystalline alloys, besides of the contributions from bcc-Fe and amorphous phases, an additional component is observed and attributed to the crystalline grain-amorphous matrix interfaces.

Static and dynamical behaviour of amorphous ferromagnets FeNiSiB was investigated by the Mossbauer spectroscopy and magnetostatic methods below and above Tc. The distributions of hyperfine magnetic field in the ferromagnetic phase and quadrupole splitting in the paramagnetic one were extracted by means of the constrained Hesse—Rubartch method. The static critical exponents were determined using the power laws and the Kouvel—Fisher method. The results of the Mossbauer investigations were compared with those obtained by magnetic measurements.

of Fe+Vitroperm+Plastic System K. Brzozkaa,∗, P. Kollar, T. Szumiata, P. Sovak, J. Fuzer, M. Faberova, R. Bure2, B.Gorka, M. Gawro«ski and M. Gzik-Szumiata Department of Physics, University of Technology and Humanities, Krasickiego 54, 26-600 Radom, Poland Institute of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, P. J. ’afarik University, Park Angelinum 9, 041 54 Ko2ice, Slovakia Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Ko2ice, Slovakia

Our Mossbauer measurements on amorphous ferromagnets of FeNiSiB type are analysed just below Tc. The temperature dependence of the shape of the hyperfine field distribution and the effective exponent β is presented. The influence of quadrupole interaction is discussed.

An existence of effects connected with the surface of grains in nanocrystalline FINEMET-like Fe 72 Cu 1.5 Nb 4 Si 13.5 B 9 alloy was verified by investigation of hyperfine and magnetoelastic properties. In the Mossbauer spectra (collected both at room temperature and close to T c of amorphous matrix) a broad, high field component was found, which could be attributed to the grains surface and interface region. Such interpretation is confirmed in magnetostrictive experiment pointing to a high value of surface magnetostriction constant.

The method of invariants is an effective tool for decomposition of Mossbauer spectra into components resulting from electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole interactions. The invariants can be next analysed to obtain all possible values of hyperfine interaction parameters. In some cases it is possible to determine the parameters with satisfactory precision. The method was applied to not fully ordered UFe4Al8. Obtained results indicate that the dominant component of the electric field gradient is negative and is oriented almost perpendicularly to the direction of the hyperfine magnetic field. Another example shows that the method of invariants results in substantial reduction of the number of calculated components in modeling of hyperfine interactions in γ-FeMn.

Detailed analysis of hyperfine interactions in γ-Mn 60 Fe 37 Cu 3 is presented. Isotropic three-dimensional Gaussian shape was introduced for modeling the distribution of hyperfine magnetic field derived from Mossbauer measurements performed in a broad temperature range. Electrical quadrupole interactions resulting from broken local symmetry, which cannot be treated as small perturbation in the vicinity of transition temperature, were treated by exact method of invariants. Obtained values of quadrupolar interactions are small and cause only spectra broadening. Small values of measured electric field gradient are confirmed by empirically found correlation between known quadrupolar splitting in selected class of systems and an estimation based on postulated pseudopotential. The effects of anharmonicity were considered in the interpretation of the temperature dependence of shift of the spectrum centre.

The Mossbauer spectra of FeZrB(Cu) amorphous alloys show a bimodal hyperfine field distribution with an additional low-field component, the relative intensity of which increases with decreasing boron content. The results are interpreted in terms of two different Fe local environments and the accompanying magnetic exchange frustration in Fe-rich regions.

Mossbauer and magnetic measurements have been performed on FeNiSiB amorphous alloys in order to study the universal properties of the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition. We observed an influence of the chemical disorder on the ratios of some critical amplitudes, in contrast to static critical exponents. A similar effect of disorder on the dynamical behaviour was observed.

A series of nanocrystalline samples diversified in respect of their crystalline phase content has been studied. The corresponding phase analyses, based on Mossbauer spectroscopy and conventional magnetic methods, are presented.

We have observed the magnetic phase transition in Co. Two series of 57Fe Mossbauer effect measurements were performed in the temperature range 1390–1402 K, both below and above the Curie temperature TC = 1396 K. The values of the static critical exponent β = 0.38(05) and the dynamic critical exponent w = 0.6(3) were derived.

In the work reported here, our experimental studies, below an above Tc, on the critical behaviour of Fe and Ni are presented. The measurements were made on Fe in an absorber experiment and on the source foil in the case of Ni. The determined statical and dynamical exponents, and corrections to scaling have been compared to other experimental results and theoretical predictions.

Iron speciation analysis of fly coal ashes was performed using transmision Mossbauer spectrometry as well as chemical methods. The investigated samples of ashes came from stoker-fired boiler and pulverized-fuel boiler (of significantly higher combustion temperature). The Mossbauer spectra show noticeable differences in iron-bearing phases content. In the first case aluminosilicate glass dominates, whereas in the second one—a spinel-type phase.

Structural changes in Finemet based alloys invoked by germanium replacement for silicon were investigated using the X-ray diffraction, the X-ray absorption spectroscopy and the Mossbauer spectroscopy. Ge substitution preserves a nanostructural character of annealed samples at temperature 550 ◦C; specifically the formation of a DO3-type with about 19 at.% of (Si,Ge) was confirmed. The mean size of nanocrystals was estimated to be about 7 nm.