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Semi-natural farming systems with high conservation value offer a valuable opportunity to meet biodiversity conservation goals without compromising agricultural production. The high conservation value of such systems often roots in their increased local or landscape-level heterogeneity, which facilitates the coexistence of different species on a small spatial scale. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the coexistence mechanisms operating in such systems is essential to mark future conservation trajectories. To facilitate this process, in this study, we aimed to uncover the interactive effects of spatial and temporal heterogeneity on community structuring mechanisms in wood-pastures, Europe’s widespread and heterogeneous semi-natural land-use form. Using ants as bioindicators, we connected species occurrence data with fine-scale measurements of local microclimatic conditions and quantified the seasonal niche breadths and overlaps of ant species forming communities in the four different habitat types (grasslands, solitary trees, forests, and forest edges) of three Central European wood-pastures. The niche quantification (performed for 28 ant species in total) was based on four-dimensional hypervolumes, with solar irradiation, air and soil temperature, and air humidity values of every species occurrence. Our results show that despite being located close to one another, the ant communities of the four different habitat types exhibited distinct patterns of seasonal realized niche dynamics, leading to community-wide temporal changes in niche hypervolumes and hypervolume overlaps (i.e., realized niche breadths and niche overlaps). The hypervolumes of dominant ants (characterized by high behavioral and ecological dominance) were mainly determined by the favorability of environmental conditions throughout the year, and in turn, their values shaped the realized niche breadths and overlap patterns of the intermediate and subordinate species. Importantly, the niche expansions and retractions of the dominant group changed the competitive pressure within the communities (quantified by hypervolume overlaps), opening up empty ecological niches to intermediate and subordinate species during periods characterized by suboptimal environmental conditions. Moreover, the niche dynamics showed a varying pattern across the different habitat types, implying that habitat structure and the associated environmental conditions interact with the effects of seasonality even on a small spatial scale. Our results uncover the interactive effects of spatial and temporal heterogeneity on coexistence mechanisms within wood-pastures. Given the distinct patterns in community dynamics and different community structuring mechanisms of the individual habitat types, wood-pastures and other complex landscapes have the potential to sustain different communities on a small spatial scale and thus boost landscape-level biodiversity.

New Directory for Catechesis released in 2020 deals directly with problems arising from the environmental crisis. In this article, it will be explored how this document deals with problems that come from man’s relationship to the environment. The first part shows how the previous two Directories – “General Catechetical Directory” from 1971 and “General Directory for Catechesis” from 1997 – dealt with those issues, then the second part shows how the new one approaches them throughout the whole document and, especially, in numbers 381‒384. In the last part, several critical remarks will be made on the document. The main hypothesis is as follows: the new Directory strongly emphasizes that engagement related to environmental problems is at the heart of Christian identity. But, in some places of the text, this argument could be more emphasized and also adequately incorporated into other topics it deals with.

Abstract The consideration of the descendance is indispensable in the preservation of endangered animal breeds. The authors compared mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequence in three descendant breeds of the extinct Zaupel sheep, firstly. Their investigation was carried out in order to prove the common origin of Waldschaf (Austria), Bovec sheep (Slovenia) and Cikta (Hungary). A total of 118 biological samples were taken from non‐related representatives of the three breeds between 2015 and 2017. A newly designed primer pair was also used to amplify the segment (1180 bp) to be tested. The total number of haplotypes in the whole study population was 49. The majority of which fell into haplogroup B. The significant negative value of the Fu's Fs statistic (Fs statistic = −3.296, p = 0.013) based on haplotype frequencies demonstrated a moderate foreign gene flow. As a novel observation haplogroups C and D appeared in Cikta and Bovec sheep, respectively. The Tajima D‐test value in the entire study population was −0.914 (p > 0.10), meaning that the separation of the three descendant breeds did not cause genetic drift, these are collectively in genetic equilibrium. The genetic information confirmed the common origin of the breeds known from the breed history.

Iz Katekizma Katoličke Crkve i teološke literature proizlazi da su sakramenti ‘žarišne točke› Božjeg djelovanja u Crkvi i ostvarenje njezinog spasenjskog poslanja evidentnog u životu i djelovanju suvremenog vjeroučitelja. U prvom dijelu znanstvenog rada predstavljen je službeni nauk Crkve te teološka promišljanja relevantnih autora o sakramentima, posebice pomirenja, euharistije i ženidbe, kojima su vjeroučitelji pridavali većinsku pozornost u kvalitativnom istraživanju. Njihova interpretacija oslanja se na neke uporišne točke suvremene kršćanske sakramentologije, što je predmet drugog dijela znanstvenog diskursa, koji u središte promišljanja stavlja konkretna poimanja i očitovanja vjeroučiteljeve sakramentalne duhovnosti dobivene kvalitativnim istraživanjem, metodom napola strukturiranog ili dubinskog intervjua, u čemu se ujedno očituje i novost ovoga rada. Intervjuirani vjeroučitelji potvrđuju važnost teorijskih promišljanja o sakramentima, no ipak prednost daju konkretnom svjedočkom življenju usvojenih sadržaja i njihovu prenošenju na vjeroučenike.

The aim of our research was the evaluation of the maternal genetic background of two Hungarian autochthonous sheep breeds of different geographical origin. A major argument for the preservation of endangered animal breeds is their documented past and historical importance. These also include the registration of pedigree data. This is the first study to evaluate and compare Tsigai and Cikta sheep in Hungary. Our investigation is based on two complete sequences of mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome b gene and control region). Our research was performed on these two sheep breeds with markedly different breed histories and breed characteristics to determine a possible common maternal genetic background, as ultimately the origin of both breeds can be traced back to Asia Minor. Between 2015 and 2017, a total of 203 biological samples were taken using a newly introduced founder sampling method. We found that the prevailing haplogroup B accounted for over 80% of both breeds, strengthening the common ancestral root. However, the pairwise genetic differentiation estimates (KST) calculated using the sequence-based statistics for cytochrome b gene and control region were 0.034 and 0.021, respectively (both at level p < 0.05); thus, revealing genetic differentiation in both sequences between the Tsigai and Cikta. We note that the known different history of the breeds is clearly justified by the currently studied deviations in their maternal genetic background.

The aim of our paper is to explore the predictor variables of autonomous use of technology (Benson, 2011) in relation to second language learning. To this end, we explored motivated learning behavior (Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2021), self-efficacy (Bandura, 1986) and several language learning-related emotions, such as enjoyment, pride, hope, curiosity, confusion, anxiety, shame, boredom, and apathy (Albert et al., 2021) in our quantitative study. Our research questions concerned the investigation of gender differences in addition to exploring relationships between the constructs analyzed. Our standardized questionnaire was completed by 1,152 secondary school students, 467 boys and 682 girls. Regression analysis results suggest that, in addition to motivation and self-efficacy, there are several emotions which significantly shape the autonomous use of technology related to language learning. Out of these, confusion (with a negative effect) and boredom (surprisingly with a positive effect) influence autonomy for all students, while pride and shame are significant only for boys and anxiety exclusively for girls. Our results have both theoretical and pedagogical implications. The findings concerning the individual difference variables tested contribute to the study of the complex interplay of these variables, and the pedagogical implications draw our attention to the important role of teachers in shaping emotions.

This article reports on research focused on a visual arts education course offered during a primary teacher training in Chile. It was driven by the increasing cultural diversity in Chilean schools, the potential of art education to respond to this context and the limited space that this field has in the national curriculum, an issue that is replicated in most teachers' training programmes. Intercultural and students' cultural funds of knowledge theories informed a framework that was implemented in the investigated course to strengthen pre-service teachers' cultural identity and the adoption of culturally inclusive practices. Through focus groups with the students and analysis of their visual journals, the research explored whether the course impacted their perception of visual arts education, and their cultural identities. Through a/r/tography, an arts-based methodology that articulates art, research and education, the study presents the students' voices and imagery, testimonies that contributed to reassess the space given to art education in primary schools and teacher training programmes.

https://doi.org/10.21860/j.8.2.4 Neizbježna Äinjenica umiranja i smrti zahvaća i onaj najteži vid palijativne skrbi koja se odvija u pedijatrijskom kliniÄkom kontekstu. Provedba integralne pedijatrijske palijativne skrbi nužno zahtijeva sagledavanje percepcije smrti i žalovanja iz psiholoÅ¡ko-kognitivnog i duhovno--emocionalnog kuta djeÄjeg iskustva „globalne boli“ koje proživljavaju u kroniÄnoj bolesti i/ili njenom terminalnom stadiju. Stoga je od iznimne važnosti prilagoÄ‘ena komunikacija i empatijski pristup kako bi se djeca lakÅ¡e nosila s neizvjesnošću i težinom svoga vlastitog stanja ili gubitka bližnjih. Palijativno ublažavanje djeÄjeg žalovanja može znaÄajno biti ostvareno konstruktivnim smjernicama interdisciplinarnog pristupa razvojne psihologije, koju bi provodili svi ukljuÄeni kroz proces praćenja djece, kako bi se ostvarila holistiÄka koncepcija palijative.

This research introduces the "Mindfulness Mindset Scale," a concise and reliable tool designed to measure beliefs about the malleability of mindfulness skills. Study 1 (N = 285) revealed a single-factor structure through exploratory factor analysis, further validated in Study 2 (N = 286) using confirmatory factor analysis. Studies 3a (N = 266) and 3b (N = 320) revealed associations between the Mindfulness Mindset Scale and other measures of mindset, trait mindfulness, and coping, showing reasonable convergent and divergent validity. Study 4 (N = 470) showed the predictive validity of the mindfulness mindset, being correlated with behavioral persistence, effort, resilience, challenge-seeking, and academic grades. Study 5 (N = 320) supported the academic correlates of malleable beliefs of mindfulness beyond the mental health factors from Study 3 in two countries. In Study 6 (N[subscript French] = 613, N[subscript Hungarian] = 524), we demonstrated that a well-established learning mindset intervention can lead to changes in mindfulness mindset in two national contexts. Finally, a brief mindfulness mindset intervention designed for Study 7 (N = 208) also led to changes in malleability beliefs about mindfulness skills. These behavioral results suggest that beliefs about mindfulness being malleable are a novel construct distinct from trait mindfulness. Such beliefs are related to adaptive psychological mechanisms relevant in educational contexts, considering students' coping, mastery behavior, and academic performance. Importantly, these beliefs can be modified by brief interventions.

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo identificar los posibles motivos del alto índice de suspensos en la disciplina de Contabilidad de Costes ofrecida a los alumnos del curso de graduación en Ciencias Contables de la Universidad Estatal de Maringá (UEM), representando una media de suspensos del 42% en relación al período de 2008 a 2013. Fueron utilizados como técnica de colecta de datos unos cuestionarios con cuestiones abiertas y cerradas y, en lo referente a la estrategia de pesquisa, se utilizó para la tabulación y análisis de los datos obtenidos en las cuestiones abiertas el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo (DSC). El porcentual referente a los alumnos que suspendieron por nota y los alumnos que suspendieron por falta son, respectivamente, del 16% y 27%. De esta forma, para una tentativa de análisis parcial sobre los alumnos reprobados por nota, se hizo uso de la variable ansiedad, que presentó un porcentual de percepción por parte de los alumnos de, aproximadamente, un 60% de la muestra, a partir del abordaje de la Psicología Cognitiva basada en la Teoría del Procesamiento de la Información. Y, para el análisis parcial sobre los alumnos suspendidos por falta, Se hizo uso de la variable falta de dedicación y desinterés, que presentó un porcentual de percepción por parte de los alumnos del 47% de la muestra, utilizando para fundamentación la Teoría de la Procrastinación.

Kutatásunkban arra kerestük a választ, hogy a választott szervezet dolgozói mennyire tartják fontosnak a szervezeti belső kommunikációt, milyen gátló tényezők akadályozzák annak hatékony működését.

The aim of the present article is to provide a systematic review of qualitative studies in the leading journals of our field focusing on their distributional properties in the various journals as well as topic choice and selected quality control issues. In order to achieve this aim, we carried out a systematic review of research articles published in leading journals in our field, namely, "Applied Linguistics," "Language Learning," "Language Teaching Research," "Studies in Second Language Acquisition" and "Modern Language Journal" between 2016 and 2020. Our sample contains 93 articles in which researchers employed qualitative research methods or mixed methods including a qualitative component. Our main results indicate that there is great variation among journals in terms of the number of qualitative studies. As for topic considerations, some traditional individual difference variables seem to have a dominant role, with cognitive processes involved in language acquisition gaining some ground as well. Concerning quality control issues, there could be room for improvement with regard to reporting the quality control measures, including the tools employed in the studies. Based on our results, we can conclude that a more systematic understanding of acceptable processes in the field of applied linguistics could increase not only the number of qualitative articles published but also their topical importance.