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Introduction: Small-bowel ulcers have many causes and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent the most common causes of drug-induced intestinal injury. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) therapy plays an important role in tissue healing and repair, and their priming with activated platelet supernatant (APS) has been known to augment their efficacy through induction of angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. Aim of the Work: The research aimed to study the influence of APS-primed mononuclear cells on the ileal ulcers induced by indomethacin in adult male albino rats. Materials and Methods: 45 adult male albino rats were used, 10 of them were used as donors and the other 35 were used as recipient rats which were divided into; group I (acted as a control) and group II were subdivided into subgroup II-A (animals received a single oral dose of 25 mg/kg indomethacin and were sacrificed 6 hours after ulcer induction), subgroup II-B (animals treated by intravenous injection of APS-primed PBMCs after induction of ileal ulcer and were sacrificed after 2 weeks). Finally, the ileum was obtained and processed for histological and immunohistochemical studies. Results: Subgroup II-A (ulcer induction) revealed marked histological structural changes as focal damage, atrophy of villi, desquamated cells, shrunken irregular cells, darkly stained nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm, cellular infiltration and congestion of blood vessels. APS-primed mobilized PBMCs therapy induced significant improvement in the histological structure of the ileum (Subgroup II-B). Conclusion: APS-primed mononuclear cells exerted a significant ameliorative effect on the ileum after ulcer induction by indomethacin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SS) is an autoimmune disorder with high morbidity. It is characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis. The articular manifestations of SS were reported in many cases. Aim of the Work: To explore novel mechanisms involved in systemic sclerosis associated arthritis and to compare the therapeutic effects of the mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MS) versus their conditioned medium (MS-C) on knee joint arthritis associated in a model of systemic sclerosis in rats. Materials and Methods: Forty rats were divided into group I (Control), group II (SS-associated arthritis) and group III (Treated group). Group III was further arranged into subgroup III-a (BM-MS treated group) and subgroup III-b (MS-C treated group). Four weeks from the last injection in all subgroups, excision of the entire knee joints was done to be processed for the histological and immunohistochemical study. Results: Group II revealed disturbed histological structure of the articular cartilage, subchondral bone and synovium. Surface irregularities, clefts and superficial erosion of the cartilage were noticed. Degenerated subchondral bone matrix was observed. The synovial membrane showed vascular congestion, edema and inflammatory cellular infiltration. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone thickness and in collagen content of the matrix of the articular cartilage. The synovial membrane showed marked subintimal collagen deposition and a significant increase in the immuno-expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (UPA). In contrast, group III showed improvement of all above mentioned parameters which were highly marked in subgroup III-b comparing to subgroup III-a. Conclusion: MS-C had better therapeutic effects on SS-associated knee arthritis than BM-MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Valproic acid [VA] is an antiepileptic drug that is extensively prescribed for many neurological disorders. Its use is associated with serious pancreatic complications. Marjoram oil [MO] is a health protective agent with proved anti-oxidant activity. Aim: Study of the effect of valproic acid on pancreas of adult male albino rats exploring novel mechanisms of VA-induced pancreatic damage and to evaluate the potential protective role of marjoram oil. Materials and Methods: Fifty adult male albino rats were used as a control group, a valproic acid group and a valproic acidmarjoram group. Both VA [200mg/kg] and MO [0.5ml/kg] were given once a day orally for eight weeks. Specimens of the pancreas were processed for light and electron microscopic studies. Immunohistochemical study was performed using anti-P53 antibodies. Results: Specimens of the valproic acid group showed an obvious distortion in the pancreatic acini as well as the islets of Langerhans. The acinar and islets cells showed cytoplasmic vacuoles and pyknotic nuclei. Large autophagic vacuoles containing an acidophilic material appeared in many cells. Dilated ducts and blood vessels were seen. There was a significant increase in the P53-immunoreaction of the acinar and islets cells and a significant decrease in the number of the zymogen granules of the acinar cells. Ultrastructurally, there were shrunken nuclei with irregularity, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and swollen mitochondria in the acinar cells and beta cells. In contrast, minimal changes occurred in the valproic acid-marjoram group that received MO before VA. Conclusion: Valproic acid administration to albino rats resulted in significant structural alterations in the pancreas. Marjoram oil attenuated VA effect and preserved the pancreas structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gold nanoparticles [GNPs] are significant scientific achievements which are effectively employed in medicine. However, in vivo biological impact of these particles should be assessed to investigate their safety on human health. Aim: Study of the biological effect of different gold nanoparticles doses on the liver of adult female rats exploring the novel mechanisms of gold nanoparticles induced liver damage. Materials and Methods: Forty adult female rats were separated into one control group [Group I] and two GNPs-treated groups [Group II; 40μg/kg and Group III; 400μg/kg]. Specimens of the liver were taken to be processed for the light and electron microscopy in addition to immunohistochemical staining technique for the p53 protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] and B-cell lymphoma 2 [Bcl-2]. Results: Administration of gold nanoparticles to adult female rats caused various histological deterioration in the liver depending on the dose. Hepatocytes showed vacuolated cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei. Dilation and congestion of the central veins, blood sinusoids, hepatic artery and portal vein were seen. Disrupted endothelial layer was observed in some central veins. An apparent increase in kupffer cells and mononuclear cellular infiltration were observed. The immunohistochemical results demonstrated a significant increase in p53 and TNF-α and decrease in Bcl-2 immunoreactions. Ultrastructurally, swollen or damaged mitochondria, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum [RER] and apparent glycogen depletion were observed in the hepatocytes. Conclusion: Gold nanoparticles induced various dose dependent histological deterioration, inflammation and apoptosis in the liver of adult female rats. So, it should be given cautiously to females to avoid liver damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]