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Charge transport materials (CTMs) are traditionally inorganic semiconductors or metals. However, over the past few decades, new classes of solution-processable CTMs have evolved alongside new concepts for fabricating electronic devices at low cost and with exceptional properties. The vast majority of these novel materials are organic compounds and the use of transition metal complexes in electronic applications remains largely unexplored. Here, a solution-processable solid-state charge transport material composed of a blend of [Co(bpyPY4)](OTf)2 and Co(bpyPY4)](OTf)3 where bpyPY4 is the hexadentate ligand 6,6′-bis(1,1-di(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine and OTf− is the trifluoromethanesulfonate anion is reported. Surprisingly, these films exhibit a negative temperature coefficient of conductivity (dσ/dT) and non-Arrhenius behavior, with respectable solid-state conductivities of 3.0 S m−1 at room temperature and 7.4 S m−1 at 4.5 K. When employed as a CTM in a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell, these largely amorphous, transparent films afford impressive solar energy conversion efficiencies of up to 5.7%. Organic–inorganic hybrid materials with negative temperature coefficients of conductivity generally feature extended flat π-systems with strong π–π interactions or high crystallinity. The lack of these features promotes [Co(bpyPY4)](OTf)2+x films as a new class of CTMs with a unique charge transport mechanism that remains to be explored.

Microplastics (MPs) pollution has recently become a major concern for agroecosystems. The interplay between MPs, and heavy metal(loid)s in the soil can intensify the risks to plant growth and human health. The current study investigated the interactive effects of arsenic (As) and biodegradable and petroleum-based conventional MPs on rice growth, As bioavailability, soil bacterial communities, and soil enzyme activities. As-contaminated soil (5 mg kg -1 ) was treated with conventional MPs i.e., polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE) and biodegradable MPs i.e., polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) at 0.1 % and 1 % rates. In a pot experiment, rice plants were cultivated in soil co-contaminated with As and MPs. PLA-MPs exhibited significant interactions with As, increasing its bioavailability and impairing rice plant growth by enhancing plant oxidative stress. The results illustrated that T2 treatment (PLA-MPs @ 1 % + As 5 mg kg -1 ) significantly decreased the root and shoot lengths, root and shoot dry weights as well as the rates of photosynthesis, transpiration, intercellular CO 2 , and stomatal conductance in rice plants. Biodegradable PLA-MPs @ 1 % resulted in increased uptake of As in rice roots, stems, and leaves by 13.4 %, 38.9 %, and 20.6 %, respectively. In contrast, conventional PE-MPs @ 1 % showed contradictory results with As uptake declined by 2.2 %, 5.1 %, and 9.9 % in rice roots, stem and leaves. Soil enzyme kinetics showed that biodegradable MPs increased the activities of soil catalase, dehydrogenase, and phytase enzymes, whereas both conventional PS and PE-MPs decreased their activities. Moreover, As and PLA-MPs combined stress altered soil bacterial communities by increasing the relative abundance of Protobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes phyla by 49 %, 29 %, 82 %, and 57 %, respectively. This study provides new insights into MPs-As interactions in soil-plant system and ecological risks associated with their coexistence., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We declare that we do not have any conflicts of financial or non-financial interests, and we have all agreed to submit the article for publication., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy is an emerging form of immunotherapy that has recently gained recognition for treating hematological malignancies. This successful utilization of CAR-T therapy has attracted interest in its application in refractory rheumatological diseases. Here, we will review the use of CAR-T therapy in rheumatological diseases., Methods: Per PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov using keywords for 'CAR-T cell therapy' and 'Rheumatological diseases' from inception to December 9, 2023. After screening 2977 articles, six studies reporting outcomes of CAR-T cell therapies in patients with underlying autoimmune /rheumatological diseases. Descriptive analysis was performed to represent demographics and clinical outcomes., Results: A total of 101 adult patients from six studies were included in this systematic review. The median age of the participants was 50.8 years (IQR: 14.875), with ages ranging from 18 to 83 years. The included studies comprised 2 case reports, 1 case series, one observational study, and two clinical trials. The studies were conducted globally, including USA, Germany, and China. The underlying rheumatologic conditions were systemic lupus erythematosus (17.8 %), rheumatoid arthritis (23.8 %), myasthenia gravis (13.8 %), neuromyelitis optica (11.9 %), and others (32.7 %). The target of CAR-T therapy included CD-19 in four studies and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) in two studies. All the patients were on prior therapy, including glucocorticoids and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Follow-up ranged from a month to 1.5 years. Most of the studies reported improvement in the symptoms and decline in serological biomarkers of the underlying disease. The notable outcomes in the included studies were a 100 % response rate in five out of six studies. Grade 1 and 2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was observed in five studies. Only one study reported Grade 3 or higher CRS. 2 patients (1.98 %) developed neurotoxicity among the adverse effects., Conclusion: CAR-T cell therapy is a paradigm shift in managing rheumatologic diseases, with symptomatic improvement and biochemical control of these diseases. Although preliminary evidence indicates promising results, long-term follow-up and prospective clinical trials are needed to establish optimal timing and assess the safety and efficacy of CAR-T immunotherapy., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Theileria annulata (T. annulata) is intra-erythrocytic protozoan parasite which is more prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical countries. It has a significant economic impact on the productivity of the dairy industry, and buparvaquone is used to treat infected animals in the prevalent regions of the world. Systematically, buparvaquone targets the cyto-b gene to break the electron transport chain (ETC) and Theileria annulata peptidyl-prolyl isomerase 1 (TaPIN1) gene to destabilize transcription factor JUN (c-JUN) to inhibit proliferation of infected cells, which ultimately leads to the death of T. annulata. The reported studies on drug resistance is due to inappropriate drug application, evolutionary characteristics of the cytochrome b (cyto-b) gene and oncogenic signaling pathways gene (TaPIN1) make the parasite resistant against buparvaquone. Hence, this systematic review was designed to find out non-synonymous mutation in genes (cyto-b and TaPIN1) responsible for drug resistance reported from Tunisia, Turkey, Egypt, Sudan, Iran, Pakistan, China and Germany with reference to the T. annulata Ankara strain of cyto-b (accession no. XM_949625.1) and TaPIN1 (accession no. TA18945) wild type genes. Non-synonymous point mutations were found in cyto-b (Q 01 at 130-148 and Q 02 at 253-262 regions) and TaPIN1 (A53P and A53T) genes. These point mutations are responsible for developing buparvaquone resistance against T. annulata infection. These genes can be used as biomarkers for the identification of drug resistance in any endemic area. To avoid the complication of drug resistance, development of genetically resistant cattle breeds, potent vaccines and anti-theilerial drugs (Trifloxystrobin and anti-cancerous) are currently required to control proliferating economically important T. annulata parasites., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest All authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome (IPS) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a life-threatening complication with high morbidity and mortality. IPS is thought to arise from damage caused by various inflammatory mediators. This study assesses the effectiveness of Ruxolitinib, a Janus Kinase (JAK) 1 and 2 inhibitor that blocks cytokine production, in combination with corticosteroids (CS) for managing IPS after allo-HSCT, compared to the conventional use of CS alone in a case series and a systematic review of previously published literature., Methods: The study includes a retrospective case series of three patients treated for IPS with Ruxolitinib and CS from the University of Kansas Medical Center and a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement 2020 guidelines. The systematic review encompassed seven studies involving 346 cases including three cases from the case series. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS v.25., Results: The case series included three patients with IPS after allo-HSCT who received ruxolitinib and CS with favorable results. All patients showed substantial improvement with no IPS-associated mortality. Two of the three patients in the case series were discharged on a 2 L nasal cannula, which was later discontinued during follow-up visits, while the third was discharged on room air. There was marked improvement observed on the computed tomography (CT) following the use of ruxolitinib. Of the total 346 cases included in the systematic review, the median age was 46.6 years (Range 5-72), and 62 % were males. The primary disorders were acute leukemia (52 %), chronic myeloid leukemia (12 %), myelodysplastic syndrome (11 %), Lymphoma (10 %), and others (21 %). Stem cell sources were peripheral blood (45 %), bone marrow (49 %), and cord blood (6 %). Donor types involved match unrelated (55 %), match related (36 %), and mismatched related (4.5 %). Most patients received myeloablative conditioning (81 %). Acute GVHD was observed in 47 %, and chronic GVHD in 38 %. The primary treatment was CS (96 %), with limited use of ruxolitinib (1 %) and etanercept (9.5 %). The mortality rate was 63.3 %, whereas in our case series with the use of ruxolitinib, it was zero., Conclusion: The combination of Ruxolitinib and CS for treating IPS post-allo-HSCT suggested promising results in the case series, with favorable response and improved survival by blocking the cytokine production contributing to IPS. The significant mortality difference in the systematic review supports the need for innovative treatment approaches, highlighting the potential role of Ruxolitinib in CS-refractory cases. Despite the positive outcomes in the case series, the absence of randomized controlled trials emphasizes the necessity for further research., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No relevant conflict of interest. NA has advisory role in Bristol Myers Squibb and consulting role with Kite/Gilead. SHA has consulting role with Incyte, and research funding from CSL Behring and Miltenyi Biotec. JPM has consulting and advisory role in Bristol Myers Squibb, Kite, Novartis, AlloVir, Envision, Autolus, Nektar Therapeutics, CRISPR therapeutics, Caribou Bio, Sana Technologies, Legend Biotech, and Cargo Therapeutics. MUM has research funding from Iovance Biotherapeutics. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This current investigation explored the thermal conversion process of castor wood into biochar, which was subsequently harnessed for removing naproxen from pharmaceutical industrial effluent via adsorption. Surface composition analyses conducted through scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared studies unveiled the presence of nano MgO particles within the adsorbent material. Employing optimization techniques such as response surface methodology facilitated a refined approach to batch study. The optimized conditions for batch naproxen sodium (NPX) adsorption on nano-MgO-modified biochar were identified as pH 4, 1.5 g/L adsorbent dosage, and a 120-min contact time maintaining a constant NPX concentration of 10 mg/L. The adsorption capacity was calculated to be 123.34 mg/g for a nano-magnesium oxide-modified castor wood biochar (modified biochar) and 99.874 mg/g for pristine castor wood biochar (pristine biochar). Fenton's reagents comprising 15 mM of FeSO 4 (7H 2 O) and 25 mM of H 2 O 2 have been scrutinized under conditions of pH 3.0, a reaction time of 30 min, a temperature of 30°C, and stirring at 120 rpm, followed by batch adsorption treatment. The COD, NH 3 -N, NO 3 - , PO 4 3- , and NPX removal percentages was found to be 90%, 87%, 79%, 80%, and 90%, respectively. Thus nano MgO-modified biochar holds promise of treatment of pharmaceutical effluent., (© 2024 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.)

Background: In today's modern world, shift working has become an important part of society and industrial work; prolonged wakefulness is a widespread phenomenon due to which the sleep patterns of individuals are getting disturbed, and many sleep disorders are arising., Purpose: This study compared the sleep quality and insomnia of the security guards working the day and night shifts., Methods: This observational study comprised 100 security guards from Delhi and the NCR region. Self-administered questionnaires, i.e., the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), were used to assess sleep quality and insomnia. Fifty questionnaires were filled out by the day shift security guards, and the night shift security guards filled out 50. The data underwent analysis, and a comparison was conducted between security workers on night and day shifts using a Mann-Whitney U test, with a significance level set at p < 0.05., Results: The result revealed a significant difference (95% CI; p < 0.05) for the variables, sleep quality and insomnia when compared between night and day shift working security guards. Among night shift workers, 74% reported issues with sleep quality and 48% experienced insomnia. In comparison, among day shift workers, 58% reported concerns about sleep quality, while 32% reported experiencing insomnia., Conclusion: The study concluded that night-shift working security guards had poorer sleep quality and a higher prevalence of insomnia compared to their day-shift counterparts. These differences are highly significant, highlighting the potential adverse effects of night shift work on sleep health, urging the need for interventions to improve sleep quality and manage insomnia among night shift workers., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethical approval and consent to participate The study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (1975) and has been approved by the ethics sub-committee of King Saud University under file ID: RRC-2019–19. All participants returned the signed informed consent form indicating their consent to participate, before starting the study. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

The development of low-cost, eco-friendly, and earth-friendly electrode materials for energy storage and conversion applications is a highly desirable but challenging task for strengthening the existing renewable energy systems. As part of this study, orange peel extract was utilized to synthesize a magnesium oxide-silicon dioxide hybrid substrate system (MgO-SiO 2 ) for coating cobalt oxide nanostructures (Co 3 O 4 ) via hydrothermal methods. A variety of MgO-SiO 2 compositions were used to produce Co 3 O 4 nanostructures. The purpose of using MgO-SiO 2 substrates was to increase the porosity of the final hybrid material and enhance its compatibility with the electrode material. This study investigated the morphology, chemical composition, optical properties, and functional group properties. In hybrid materials, the shape structure is inherited from nanoparticles with uniform size distributions that are well compacted. A relative decrease in the optical band was observed for Co 3 O 4 when deposited onto an MgO-SiO 2 substrate. An improvement in the electrochemical properties of Co 3 O 4 /MgO-SiO 2 composites was observed during the measurements of supercapacitors and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline solutions. The Co 3 O 4 /MgO-SiO 2 composite prepared on 0.4 g of the MgO-SiO 2 substrate (sample 2) demonstrated excellent specific capacitance, high energy density, and recycling stability for 40 000 galvanic charge-discharge cycles. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device demonstrated a specific capacitance of 243.94 F g -1 at a current density of 2 A g -1 . Co 3 O 4 /MgO-SiO 2 composites were found to be highly active towards the OER in 1 M KOH aqueous solution with an overpotential of 340 mV at 10 mA cm -2 and a Tafel slope of 88 mV dc -1 . It was found that the stability and durability were highly satisfactory. Based on the use of orange peel extract, a roadmap was developed for the synthesis of porous hybrid substrates for the development of efficient electrode materials for energy storage and conversion., Competing Interests: Authors have no conflict of interest in the presented research work., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Mycotoxins are the chemical substances, produced as the secondary metabolites of some toxigenic species of fungi which cause critical health issues in humans, birds and different animal species while Chlorella vulgaris (CV) is a unicellular microalga which contains plenty of important nutritional ingredients. This study was planned to evaluate the toxicopathological, hematobiochemical and immune changes incurred by dietary supplementation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and their mitigation through CV in broilers. For this study to be conducted, 180 broiler birds of one day old were uniformly distributed into six (06) groups and administered various combinations of AFB1 (200 μg/kg) or CV (0.5 and 1.0%) and the duration of the experiment was 42 days. Parameters deliberated were body weight, feed intake, relative visceral organ weights, gross and histopathological examination, hematological parameters (erythrocytic and leukocytic count, hematocrit and hemoglobin), serum biochemical analysis (serum total proteins, ALT, globulin, albumin, creatinine and urea), humoral response against sheep RBCs, response to subcutaneous injection of phytohemagglutinin-P and phagocytic system function assay. The results of this experiment confirmed that 1.0% CV efficiently mitigated AFB1 induced alterations in the studied parameters while this mitigation was partial when 0.5% CV was used with AFB1. Further studies in this regard are still needed to investigate the exact AFB1:CV ratio responsible for complete amelioration., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A combination of material innovations, advanced manufacturing, battery management systems, and regulatory standards is necessary to improve the energy density and safety of lithium (Li) batteries. High-energy-density solid-state Li-batteries have the potential to revolutionize industries and technologies, making them a research priority. The combination of improved safety and compatibility with high-capacity electrode materials makes solid-stateLi-batteries with polymer solid-electrolytes an attractive option for applications where energy density and safety are critical. While polymer-based solid-state Li-batteries hold enormous promise, there are still several challenges that must be addressed, particularly regarding interface between polymer solid-electrolyte and Lianode. There are significant advancements in improving the performance of solid-state Li batteries, and researchers continue to explore new methods to address these challenges. These improvements are critical for enabling the widespread adoption of solid-state Li-batteries invariety of applications, from electrical vehicles to portable electronics. Here, common polymer solid-electrolyte and its interface challenges with Lianode are first introduced, highlighting the trend in polymer solid-state-electrolyte research toward enhancing stability, safety, and performance of solid-state Li-batteries. This includes developing novel polymer materials with improved properties, exploring advanced fabrication techniques, and integrating these electrolytes into battery designs that optimize both safety and energy density., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene frequently mutated in human cancers and is generally associated with poor outcomes. TP53 mutations are found in approximately 5% to 10% of patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML), more frequently observed in elderly patients and those with therapy-related AML. Despite recent advances in molecular profiling and the emergence of targeted therapies, TP53-mutated AML remains a challenge to treat. Current treatment strategies, including conventional chemotherapy, hypomethylating agents, and venetoclax-based therapies, have shown limited efficacy in TP53-mutated AML, with low response rates and poor overall survival. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potentially curative option; however, its efficacy in TP53-mutated AML depends on comorbid conditions and disease status at transplantation. Novel therapeutic modalities, including immune-based therapies, did show promise in early-phase studies but did not translate into effective therapies in randomized controlled trials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TP53 mutations in AML, outcomes based on allelic burden, clinical implications, and therapeutic challenges., Competing Interests: Competing interests TB: Served on the advisory board for Pfizer, Morphosys, and Takeda., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Cancer is a life-threatening disease resulting from a genetic disorder and a range of metabolic anomalies. In particular, lung and colon cancer (LCC) are among the major causes of death and disease in humans. The histopathological diagnoses are critical in detecting this kind of cancer. This diagnostic testing is a substantial part of the patient's treatment. Thus, the recognition and classification of LCC are among the cutting-edge research regions, particularly in the biological healthcare and medical fields. Earlier disease diagnosis can significantly reduce the risk of fatality. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models are used to hasten these cancer analyses, allowing researcher workers to analyze a considerable proportion of patients in a limited time and at a low price. This manuscript proposes the Predictive Analytics of Complex Healthcare Systems Using the DL-based Disease Diagnosis Model (PACHS-DLBDDM) method. The proposed PACHS-DLBDDM method majorly concentrates on the detection and classification of LCC. At the primary stage, the PACHS-DLBDDM methodology utilizes Gabor Filtering (GF) to preprocess the input imageries. Next, the PACHS-DLBDDM methodology employs the Faster SqueezeNet to generate feature vectors. In addition, the convolutional neural network with long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) approach is used to classify LCC. To optimize the hyperparameter values of the CNN-LSTM approach, the Chaotic Tunicate Swarm Algorithm (CTSA) approach was implemented to improve the accuracy of classifier results. The simulation values of the PACHS-DLBDDM approach are examined on a medical image dataset. The performance validation of the PACHS-DLBDDM model portrays the superior accuracy value of 99.54% over other DL models., Competing Interests: Declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Mycotoxins negatively impact intestinal cell viability, leading to the depletion of beneficial bacteria and rendering birds susceptible to intestinal infections such as necrotic enteritis (NE). Furthermore, they impair the effective digestion and absorption of nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Bacillus licheniformis supplementation on broiler birds exposed to mycotoxins and subsequent necrotic enteritis infection. A total of 280 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into eight groups and subjected to B. licheniformis supplementation (1 × 10 6  CFU/kg of feed) and mycotoxin exposure (aflatoxin and ochratoxin A, each at 150 ppb). Clostridium perfringens (3 × 10 10  CFU/ml) was later administered to induce necrotic enteritis. This study evaluated body weight, feed intake, relative organ weights, hematological and serum biochemical parameters and performed histopathological examinations of liver, kidney and intestine. All the obtained data was statistically analyzed (P ≤ 0.05). The results demonstrated that B. licheniformis supplementation reduced the susceptibility to necrotic enteritis in broilers initially exposed to mycotoxins. Body weight and feed intake were significantly decreased in groups challenged with mycotoxins and necrotic enteritis, both individually and concurrently, compared to the control group. Relative weights of the liver, kidney and intestine were significantly higher in treatment groups. Hematological analysis revealed significantly lower erythrogram parameters (TEC, Hb, and PCV) in birds fed mycotoxin-contaminated feed, with or without necrotic enteritis. Hepatic and renal biomarkers were significantly elevated, and serum protein levels (total protein, albumin) were significantly lower. In contrast, birds supplemented with B. licheniformis and challenged with either mycotoxins or NE showed no significant differences in body weight, feed intake, erythrogram and leucogram compared to the control group. However, B. licheniformis did not mitigate these effects when supplemented in group with concurrent challenge of mycotoxins and NE, however, intensity of changes was reduced. In conclusion, B. licheniformis supplementation effectively alleviates the pathological changes induced by mycotoxins and necrotic enteritis when presented individually but is not sufficiently effective against the combined challenge of mycotoxins and necrotic enteritis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Seed priming with a composite of iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) and silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) is an innovative technique to mitigate cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) uptake in plants from rooting media. The current study explored the impact of seed priming with varying levels of Fe 3 O 4 NPs, SiO 2 NPs, and Fe 3 O 4 -SiO 2 nanocomposites on Cd and Cr absorption and phytotoxicity, metal-induced oxidative stress mitigation, growth and biomass yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). The results showed that seed priming with the optimum level of 100 mg L -1 of Fe 3 O 4 -SiO 2 nanocomposites significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased root dry weight (144 %), shoot dry weight (243 %) and leaf area (34.4 %) compared to the control, primarily by safeguarding plant's photosynthetic machinery, oxidative stress and phytotoxicity of metals. Plants treated with this highest level of Fe 3 O 4 -SiO 2 nanocomposites exhibited a substantial increase in photosynthetic and gas exchange indices of spinach plants and enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) antioxidant enzymes by 45 %, 48 %, and 60 %, respectively. Correspondingly, the relative gene expression levels of SOD, CAT, and APX also rose by 109 %, 181 %, and 137 %, respectively, compared to non-primed plants. This nanocomposite application also boosted the levels of phenolics (28 %), ascorbic acid (68 %), total sugars (129 %), flavonoids (39 %), and anthocyanin (29 %) in spinach leaves, while significantly reducing Cd (34.7 %, 53.4 %) and Cr (20.2 %, 28.8 %) contents in plant roots and shoots, respectively. These findings suggest that seed priming with Fe 3 O 4 -SiO 2 nanocomposites effectively mitigated the toxic effects of Cd and Cr, enhancing the growth and biomass yield of spinach in Cd and Cr co-contaminated environments, offering a promising sustainable approach for producing metal-free crops., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In order to enhance the overall efficiency of colloidal quantum dots solar cells, it is crucial to suppress the recombination of charge carriers and minimize energy loss at the interfaces between the transparent electrode, electron transport layer (ETL), and colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) light-absorbing material. In the current study, ZnO/SrTiO 3  (STO), ZnO/WO 3  (TO), and ZnO/Zn 2 SnO 4  (ZTO) bilayers are introduced as an ETL using a spin-coating technique. The ZTO interlayer exhibits a smoother surface with a root-mean-square (RMS) value of ≈ 3.28 nm compared to STO and TO interlayers, which enables it to cover the surface of the ITO/ZnO substrate entirely and helps to prevent direct contact between the CQDs absorber layer and the ITO/ZnO substrate, thereby effectively preventing efficient charge recombination at the interfaces of the ETL/CQDs. Furthermore, the ZTO interlayer possesses superior electron mobility, a higher visible light transmission, and a suitable energy band structure compared to STO and TO. These characteristics are advantageous for extracting charge carriers and facilitating electron transport. The PbS CQDs solar cell based on the ITO/ZnO/ZTO/PbS-FABr/PbS-EDT/NiO/Au device configuration exhibits the highest efficiency of 15.28%, which is significantly superior than the ITO/ZnO/PbS-FABr/PbS-EDT/NiO/Au solar cell device (PCE = 14.38%). This study is anticipated to offer a practical approach to develop ultrathin and compact ETL for highly efficient CQDSCs., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is among the most potent genotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins and is a major source of distress for the growing poultry sector. On the other hand, distillery yeast sludge or distillery sludge (DS) is a byproduct of molasses-based industries. It is often treated as a waste despite containing abundant nutrients particularly protein, basic amino acids, and vitamins along with other macro and micronutrients. This study was designed to investigate the oxidative stress and immunological alterations induced by AFB1 and their amelioration by dietary supplementation with DS. For this purpose, 360 newly hatched broiler chicks were randomly divided into twelve groups (30 birds each) and fed different combinations of AFB1 (100, 200, or 600 µg/kg) and DS (5 or 10 g/kg) for 42 days. The parameters under consideration were body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), relative organ weights, histopathological examination of different visceral organs, total antioxidant capacity, antibody response to intravenous injection of sheep red blood cells, in situ lymphoproliferative response to phytohemagglutinin-P, and phagocytic potential through a carbon clearance assay system. The results of this study established that DS supplementation ameliorated AFB1-associated oxidative stress and ameliorated toxicopathological and immunological anomalies in groups given AFB1 at 100 µg/kg and 200 µg/kg; however, little to no relief was observed in birds fed AFB1 at 600 µg/kg. The determination of the actual ratio of the AFB1 to the DS for substantiating the ameliorating effects requires further investigation., (© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Society for Mycotoxin (Research Gesellschaft für Mykotoxinforschung e.V.) and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Maackiain is an important component of some herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), such as Sophora flavescens Aiton, Spatholobus suberectus Dunn and Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Maackiain belongs to the second largest group of isoflavonoids the pterocarpans that is widespread in several plant genera, for example Maackia, Sophora, Caragana, Trifolium and Millettia. Recently, maackiain has attracting more attention because of its numerous pharmacological properties. This review offers the first extensive overview of maackiain natural isolation sources, pharmacological activities, synthesis, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic properties. The literature search published between 1962 and 2023 were reported by collecting the data from Google Scholar, Science Direct, SpringerLink, Web of Science, PubMed, Wiley Online, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Scopus and structure search in SciFinder. Finding reveals the broad range of pharmacological activities of maackiain, such as anti-inflammatory, sepsis prevention, anti-cancer, anti-allergic, anti-osteolytic, anti-obesity, nephroprotective, antifungal, neuroprotective, anti-leukemic, antimalarial and inflammasome activation. Based on findings of pharmacokinetic studies, it is observed that maackiain possesses a low level of bioavailability and absorption and a rapid rate of elimination, but maackiain absorption rates in the extract were comparatively much higher than pure forms because of higher solubility and may reduce the metabolism by other ingredients present in the extract. Toxicity investigations revealed that maackiain is non-toxic to the majority of cells and selectively cytotoxic. After witnessing the beneficial pharmacological properties of maackiain, it is believed to be an emerging drug candidate for the treatment of inflammation, allergic, nephroprotection in T2D, depression, or Alzheimer's disease and obesity. However, future research topics should likely to include that elucidates its mechanism of toxicity and in vivo proper tracking of its conducts in drug delivery system. Integrating toxicity and efficiency, as well as structure modification, are critical approaches to enhancing its pharmacological properties and oral bioavailability., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Wound healing comprises four overlapping stages involving complex biochemical and cellular processes. Any lapse in this procedure causes irregular healing, which generates clinical and financial burdens for the health system. Personalized treatment is preferred to overcome the limitations of classical as well as modern methods of wound healing. This review discusses recently developed 3D printing models for personalized treatment with varying degrees of success. It is an effective approach for treating wounds by developing custom dressings tailored to the patient's needs and reducing incidents of infections. Additionally, incorporating natural or synthetic polymers can further enhance their effectiveness. Macromolecular polymers, laminin, cellulose, collagen, gelatin, etc. that make up the bulk of 3D printable bio-inks, have been essential in diverse 3D bioprinting technologies throughout the layered 3D manufacturing processes. The polymers need to be tailored for the specific requirements of printing and effector functions in cancer treatment, dental & oral care, biosensors, and muscle repair. We have explored how 3D printing can be utilized to fasten the process of wound healing at each of the four stages. The benefits as well as the future prospects are also discussed in this article., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The presence of nitrates in lakes, rivers, and groundwater is common. Anion exchange resins (AER) are polymeric structures that contain functional groups as well as a variety of particle sizes that are used for removing nitrate ions from solutions. This article provides a concise review of the types and properties of AER, synthesis methods, characterization, and environmental applications of AER. It discusses how different factors affect the adsorption process, isotherm and kinetic parameters, the adsorption mechanism, and the maximum adsorption capacities. Additionally, the present review addresses AER's regeneration and practical stability. It emphasizes the progress and proposes future strategies for addressing nitrate pollution using AER to overcome the challenges. This review aims to act as a reference for researchers working in the advancement of ion exchange resins and presents a clear and concise scientific analysis of the use of AER in nitrate adsorption. It is evident from the literature survey that AER is highly effective at removing nitrate ions from wastewater effluents., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Ocular strabismus, a common condition in the present generation is an absolute risk factor for amblyopia and blinding premorbid visual loss. Despite the availability of new optometry tools with eye-tracking data, the issues persist in attaining accuracy and reliability in diagnosing strabismus. These two concerns are specifically accommodated in this study by the proposed novel approach that involves CNNs with eye-tracking datasets from subjects. The presented work aims to improve the accuracy of diagnostics in ophthalmology utilizing the integration of the further proposed algorithms into an automatic strabismus detection system. For this purpose, the proposed FedCNN model combines the CNN with eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and uses the Gaze deviation (GaDe) images to capture dynamic eye movements. This method tries to make the feature extraction as accurate as possible in its best working state to enhance the diagnosis precision. The model proves to be accurate, reaching 95.2%, which is even more prominent because of the more or less detailed connection layer of the CNN, which is used for the selection of features designated for such tasks of strabismus recognition. The presented method has the potential of shifting the approach to diagnosing diseases of the eyes in more or less half of the patients., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: To evaluate compliance with enhanced recovery after surgery protocol of patients undergoing colorectal carcinoma surgery, and to compare its effect on outcomes., Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, and comprised data from July 15, 2016, to March 20, 2022, of patients of either gender undergoing elective or emergency colorectal carcinoma surgery. Data included age, gender, tumour site, type of surgery, surgical approach, compliance with each of the 25 components of the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol, length of hospital stay, surgery duration, 30-day readmission rate and perioperative mortality. Data was analysed using SPSS 23., Results: Of the 96 patients with mean age 50.03±14.86 years (range: 20-79 years), 65(67.7%) were males, 70(72.91%) were aged at least 40 years, and 75(78.12%) underwent elective surgery. Most common tumour site was rectum and sigmoid 49(51%). Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 17(17.7%) patients. No compliance was seen with carbohydrate loading of patients or limiting use of opioids in standard anaesthesia protocol. No nutritional supplementation was started from postoperative day 1. Mean compliance with all the protocol components was 74.9%±37.652 for both elective and emergency cases. Mean duration of surgery was 192.50±75.33 minutes, while mean length of hospital stay was 5.52±1.57 days. Re-admission within 30 days was needed in 2(2.1%) cases. There was no perioperative mortality., Conclusions: Better compliance with enhanced recovery after surgery protocol resulted in better perioperative outcomes.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of coconut oil extract (COE) in broilers experimentally infected with velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV)., Methods: A total of 150 broiler birds (day-old) were equally divided into five study groups i.e., negative control, positive control, COE-1, COE-2, and COE-3. On day 10, broilers of groups COE-1, COE-2, and COE-3 were supplemented with 1, 2, and 3 mL of COE respectively per liter of drinking water for 15 days. On day 13, 0.1 mL/bird (10-5.25 ELD50) of vNDV was inoculated in broilers of positive control, COE-1, COE-2, and COE-3 groups intramuscularly. During this study, growth performance, morbidity, and mortality rates of each study group were recorded. The antibody titer against NDV was determined on days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. The levels of immunoglobulins (IgY and IgM) were also determined on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days post-sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) inoculation. On day 33, avian tuberculin was injected between the 1st and 2nd toes of the left side (intradermally) to measure lymphoproliferative responses. On day 35, the phagocytic activity in the blood was assessed through a carbon clearance assay by injecting carbon black ink into the right-wing vein. The visceral organs having gross lesions were also collected for histopathology., Results: The COE significantly improved the growth performance, and lowered the morbidity and mortality rates of broilers. There was a significant rise in antibody titers against NDV and levels of IgY and IgM antibodies against SRBC in COE-supplemented broilers. The lymphoproliferative response and phagocytic activity were also enhanced. Among COEsupplemented groups, the broilers of the COE-3 group showed a significant increase in growth performance and boosted immune defense., Conclusion: Coconut oil extract has the potential to boost the growth performance and immune status of broilers. It can be used effectively as a feed additive and alternative to antibiotics to prevent the spread of infectious poultry pathogens.

Rural hospices face many obstacles in delivering palliative and end-of-life care in the United States. We aimed to identify these barriers and their potential solutions. Following a systematic approach, a comprehensive literature search using relevant keywords was conducted on online databases. Additionally, we conducted a manual search to include policy documents and white papers. Key challenges reported in the literature included limited geographic barriers and access issues, limited economic support, regulatory hindrances, and difficulty training and retaining palliative care staff. This contributes to inequitable access to hospice care in rural settings. We propose several potential solutions to overcome these hurdles and improve access. Advanced practice providers should be considered to serve as physician heads in rural hospices, which would expand resources in areas with physician shortages. A single per diem payment model should be implemented for rural hospices, regardless of the level of care provided, to help offset the higher cost of care. The Critical Access Hospital program and offering cost-based reimbursement for swing-bed stays could improve access to postacute care, including hospice services. Telehealth can improve the timeliness of care and reduce travel costs for patients and providers. Another solution to consider is simulation-based training to enhance the education of healthcare providers. In conclusion, there is a critical gap in end-of-life care access in rural communities. A multifaceted approach including policy changes, financial support, and technological innovations is essential to improve hospice care access in rural populations., (Copyright © 2024 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Assisted living facilities cater to the demands of the elderly population, providing assistance and support with day-to-day activities. Fall detection is fundamental to ensuring their well-being and safety. Falls are frequent among older persons and might cause severe injuries and complications. Incorporating computer vision techniques into assisted living environments is revolutionary for these issues. By leveraging cameras and complicated approaches, a computer vision (CV) system can monitor residents' movements continuously and identify any potential fall events in real time. CV, driven by deep learning (DL) techniques, allows continuous surveillance of people through cameras, investigating complicated visual information to detect potential fall risks or any instances of falls quickly. This system can learn from many visual data by leveraging DL, improving its capability to identify falls while minimalizing false alarms precisely. Incorporating CV and DL enhances the efficiency and reliability of fall detection and allows proactive intervention, considerably decreasing response times in emergencies. This study introduces a new Deep Feature Fusion with Computer Vision for Fall Detection and Classification (DFFCV-FDC) technique. The primary purpose of the DFFCV-FDC approach is to employ the CV concept for detecting fall events. Accordingly, the DFFCV-FDC approach uses the Gaussian filtering (GF) approach for noise eradication. Besides, a deep feature fusion process comprising MobileNet, DenseNet, and ResNet models is involved. To improve the performance of the DFFCV-FDC technique, improved pelican optimization algorithm (IPOA) based hyperparameter selection is performed. Finally, the detection of falls is identified using the denoising autoencoder (DAE) model. The performance analysis of the DFFCV-FDC methodology was examined on the benchmark fall database. A widespread comparative study reported the supremacy of the DFFCV-FDC approach with existing techniques., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This work involved the preparation of pristine and iron nanoparticle-loaded biochar from a water chestnut shell to remove diclofenac sodium (DCF) containing effluent of pharmaceutical origin. To create suitable forecasting equations for the modelling of the DCF adsorption onto the adsorbent, response surface methodology (RSM) was used. The parameters, e.g. pH, adsorbent mass, DCF concentration and contact time, were used for the modeling of adsorption. The RSM model predicts that for 98.0% DCF removal, the ideal conditions are pH 6, an adsorbent dose of 0.5 g L -1 , and a contact time of 60 min with an initial adsorbate concentration of 25 mg L -1 at 303 K. The maximum capacity deduced from the Langmuir model was 75.9 mg g -1 for pristine water chestnut shell biochar (pWCBC) and 122.3 mg g -1 for magnetically modified nano-Fe 2 O 3 biochar (mWCBC). Under equilibrium conditions, the Langmuir model was the best-suited model compared to the Temkin and Freundlich models. The adsorption data in this investigation efficiently fitted the pseudo-second-order model, emphasizing that chemisorption or ion exchange processes may be involved in the process. The WCBC demonstrated recyclability after 10 cycles of repeated adsorption and desorption of DCF. A combined coagulation adsorption process removed COD, NH 3 -N, NO 3 - , PO 4 3- , and DCF by 92.50%, 86.41%, 77.57%, 84.54%, and 97.25%, respectively. This study therefore shows that coagulation followed by adsorption onto biochar can be a cost-effective substitute for conventional pharmaceutical wastewater treatment., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Globally, soil contamination with heavy metals (HMs) pose serious threats to soil health, crop productivity, and human health. The present investigation involved synthesis and analysis of biochar with bimetallic combination of iron and magnesium (Fe-Mg-BC). Our study evaluated how Fe-Mg-BC affects the absorption of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and remediation of soil contaminated with multiple HMs. Results demonstrated the successful loading of iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) onto pristine biochar (BC) derived from peanut shells. The addition of Fe-Mg-BC (3%) notably increased spinach biomass, enhancing photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO 2 levels by 22%, 21%, 103%, and 15.3%, respectively. Compared to control, Fe-Mg-BC (3%) suppressed metal-induced oxidative stress by boosting levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) in roots by 40.9%, 57%, 54.8 %, and in shoots by 55.5%, 65.5%, and 37.4% in shoots, respectively. The Fe-Mg-BC effectively reduced the uptake of Cd, Pb, and Cu in spinach tissues by transforming their bioavailable fractions to non-bioavailable forms. The Fe-Mg-BC (3%) significantly reduced the mobility of Cd, Pb and Cu in soil and limited the concentration of Cd, Pb, and Cu in plant roots by 34.1%, 79.2%, 47%, and shoots by 56.3%, 43.3%, and 54.1%, respectively, compared to control. These findings underscore the potential of Fe-Mg-BC as a promising amendment for reclaiming soils contaminated with variety of HMs, thereby making a significant contribution to the promotion of safer food production., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Dental and orofacial trauma among the adult population constitutes a major public health problem. The impact is not just physical but also psychological. To analyse the impacts of dental and orofacial trauma on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adults and determine whether the 2 variables are closely interlinked., Methods: This is a systematic review. The terms "dental trauma", "orofacial trauma", "oral health", "oral health related impact life", "OHRQoL", "positive and negative affect scale", "quality of life", "facial injuries", "adults", and "young adults" were researched in the databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Google Scholar for associated studies up to December 30, 2022. A comprehensive search was designed and the articles were independently screened for eligibility by 2 reviewers. The included studies' author, year of publication, the country where the study was conducted, population demographics (number and age), an instrument used for assessing OHRQoL and the relevant result were recorded and compared. The quality of the evidence was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for observational studies., Results: Out of 482 unique records, 3 articles were included for data extraction. Observational studies were included. Two studies did not mention confounding factors. Different scales were used for dental and orofacial trauma and OHRQoL. OHRQoL has a directly proportional relationship with orofacial trauma. Adolescents with orofacial trauma have a significant impact on this value with a prevalence of 88.4%., Conclusion: The highest impact on OHRQoL was seen immediately after the diagnosis of an orofacial trauma. The impact increases with the severity of the trauma. Therefore, to promote overall dental and general health, health education initiatives should include information on the causes, prevention, and requirement for prompt responses by the populace in seeking dental intervention., (Copyright © 2023 Chinese Medical Association. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Vanadium tetrasulfide (VS 4 ) is one of the most promising cathodic materials for rechargeable magnesium battery systems (RMBSs). Elemental substitution to expand layers, creation of sulfur vacancies, and reduction of particle sizes of VS 4 are undoubtedly effective strategies to enhance cathodic performances. Experimental and DFT analysis revealed that valence states of vanadium and cobalt have been elevated from V 2+ to V 3+ and Co 2+ to Co 3+ in VS 4 and that the Co-S bond length shortened due to cobalt substitution, which resulted in enhanced overall internal polarization in the layered atomic structure of VS 4 by increasing cobalt concentrations. This phenomenon of charge accumulation contributes toward regulated magnesiation and accommodated volume expansion while cycling, resulting in the enormous structural stability of VS 4 and sustainable battery performance during a long and stable cycling at a cost of 20% capacity diminution as compared to pristine VS 4 in RMBS. Hence, 9% CoVS 4 demonstrated a capacity of 158 mAh g -1 at a current density of 500 mA g -1 with approximately 98% capacity retention after 1000 cycles. Sustainable cathodic performance is the most desirous feature for commercialization. This work provides insight realization regarding structural limitations and opportunities of VS 4 for sustainable cathodic performances in RMBS with non-nucleophilic 0.25 mol/L (R-PhOMgCI) 2 -A1Cl 3 /THF (PMC) electrolyte and has laid a theoretical plus experimental foundation for future developments.

Economic welfare is essential in the modern economy since it directly reflects the standard of living, distribution of resources, and general social satisfaction, which influences individual and social well-being. This study aims to explore the relationship between national income accounting different attributes and the economic welfare in Pakistan. However, this study used data from 1950 to 2022, and data was downloaded from the World Bank data portal. Regression analysis is used to investigate the relationship between them and is very effective in measuring the relationship between endogenous and exogenous variables. Moreover, generalized methods of movement (GMM) are used as the robustness of the regression. Our results show that foreign direct investment outflow, Gross domestic product growth rate, GDP per capita, higher Interest, market capitalization, and population growth have a significant negative on the unemployment rate, indicating the rise in these factors leads to a decrease in the employment rate in Pakistan. Trade and savings have a significant positive impact on the unemployment rate, indicating the rise in these factors leads to an increase in the unemployment rate for various reasons. Moreover, all the factors of national income accounting have a significant positive relationship with life expectancy, indicating that an increase in these factors leads to an increase in economic welfare and life expectancy due to better health facilities, many resources, and correct economic policies. However, foreign direct investment, inflation rate, lending interest rate, and population growth have significant positive effects on age dependency, indicating these factors increase the age dependency. Moreover, GDP growth and GDP per capita negatively impact age dependency. Similarly, all the national income accounting factors have a significant negative relationship with legal rights that leads to decreased legal rights. Moreover, due to better health facilities and health planning, there is a negative significant relationship between national income accounting attributes and motility rate among children. Our study advocated the implications for the policymakers and the government to make policies for the welfare and increase the social factors., Competing Interests: No author has competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Shuang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: Nivestym, a biosimilar granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to the originator filgrastim (Neupogen), is now being used for the mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We aim to compare the efficacy of Nivestym and Neupogen for PBSC mobilization in healthy allogeneic donors., Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center study including 541 adult allo-HSCT donors receiving Nivestym (January 2013-July 2020), or Neupogen (July 2020-June 2023) for donor PBSC mobilization. Bivariate analysis was conducted using SPSS version 28. Statistical significance was determined at a p-value <.05., Results: Our study included 541 allo-HSCT donors who received Neupogen (n = 345, 64%) or Nivestym (n = 196, 36%) for PBSC mobilization. The median age was 47 years (range 17-76). The median donor weight was 86 kg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 87-91). Donors receiving Neupogen had similar pre-G-CSF white blood cell count, CD34 + percentages, and circulating CD34 + count compared with donors receiving Nivestym. The Neupogen group had similar median PBSC product total neutrophil count, CD34 + percentage, absolute CD34 + count, and infused CD34 + dose compared with the Nivestym group. For donors aged 35 years or younger, the median CD34 + dose was higher in donors who received Neupogen compared with Nivestym (6.9 vs. 6.3 million cells/kg, p = .044)., Conclusions: Nivestym demonstrated similar efficacy for PBSC mobilization compared with Neupogen among allo-HSCT donors. In donors aged 35 years or younger, a slightly lower PBSC product CD34 + count was noted with Nivestym compared with Neupogen., (© 2024 AABB.)

Cachexia, with weight loss (WL) as a major component, is highly prevalent in patients with cancer and indicates a poor prognosis. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to estimate the risk of mortality associated with cachexia (using established WL criteria prior to treatment initiation) in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in studies identified through a systematic literature review. The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Embase® and PubMed were searched to identify articles on survival outcomes in adult patients with NSCLC (any stage) and cachexia published in English between 1 January 2016 and 10 October 2021. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts and full texts of identified records against predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Following a feasibility assessment, a meta-analysis evaluating the impact of cachexia, defined per the international consensus criteria (ICC), or of pre-treatment WL ≥ 5% without a specified time interval, on overall survival in patients with NSCLC was conducted using a random-effects model that included the identified studies as the base case. The impact of heterogeneity was evaluated through sensitivity and subgroup analyses. The standard measures of statistical heterogeneity were calculated. Of the 40 NSCLC publications identified in the review, 20 studies that used the ICC for cachexia or reported WL ≥ 5% and that performed multivariate analyses with hazard ratios (HRs) or Kaplan-Meier curves were included in the feasibility assessment. Of these, 16 studies (80%; n = 6225 patients; published 2016-2021) met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis: 11 studies (69%) used the ICC and 5 studies (31%) used WL ≥ 5%. Combined criteria (ICC plus WL ≥ 5%) were associated with an 82% higher mortality risk versus no cachexia or WL < 5% (pooled HR [95% confidence interval, CI]: 1.82 [1.47, 2.25]). Although statistical heterogeneity was high (I 2  = 88%), individual study HRs were directionally aligned with the pooled estimate, and there was considerable overlap in CIs across included studies. A subgroup analysis of studies using the ICC (HR [95% CI]: 2.26 [1.80, 2.83]) or WL ≥ 5% (HR [95% CI]: 1.28 [1.12, 1.46]) showed consistent findings. Assessments of methodological, clinical and statistical heterogeneity indicated that the meta-analysis was robust. Overall, this analysis found that ICC-defined cachexia or WL ≥ 5% was associated with inferior survival in patients with NSCLC. Routine assessment of both weight and weight changes in the oncology clinic may help identify patients with NSCLC at risk for worse survival, better inform clinical decision-making and assess eligibility for cachexia clinical trials., (© 2024 Pfizer Inc and The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

The application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in the treatment of wastewater has achieved increasing attention, as it enhances the efficiency and sustainability of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This paper explores the application of ANN-based models in WWTPs, focusing on the latest published research work, by presenting the effectiveness of ANNs in predicting, estimating, and treatment of diverse types of wastewater. Furthermore, this review comprehensively examines the applicability of the ANNs in various processes and methods used for wastewater treatment, including membrane and membrane bioreactors, coagulation/flocculation, UV-disinfection processes, and biological treatment systems. Additionally, it provides a detailed analysis of pollutants viz organic and inorganic substances, nutrients, pharmaceuticals, drugs, pesticides, dyes, etc., from wastewater, utilizing both ANN and ANN-based models. Moreover, it assesses the techno-economic value of ANNs, provides cost estimation and energy analysis, and outlines promising future research directions of ANNs in wastewater treatment. AI-based techniques are used to predict parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) in WWTP influent. ANNs have been formed for the estimation of the removal efficiency of pollutants such as total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), BOD, and total suspended solids (TSS) in the effluent of WWTPs. The literature also discloses the use of AI techniques in WWT is an economical and energy-effective method. AI enhances the efficiency of the pumping system, leading to energy conservation with an impressive average savings of approximately 10%. The system can achieve a maximum energy savings state of 25%, accompanied by a notable reduction in costs of up to 30%., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Even though existing literature frequently finds High Performance Human Resource Practices' (HPHRPs) positive impact on job performance in organizational setting, still it remains short to study unexplored underlying methods by which High Performance Human Resource Practices (HPHRPs) affect employee job performance. This gap is filled by our research, which proposes psychological empowerment as a mediator in the aforementioned relationship. Based on signaling theory, the present study examines the mediating role of psychological empowerment (PE) in the relationship between high-performance human resource practices (HPHRPs) and job performance (JP). In addition, this study tests the interactive effect of HPHRPs and responsible leadership on psychological empowerment. Data were collected in three waves from representative sample of education sector employees and their supervisors (T1-557, T2-342, T3-210 responses) in Pakistan. The hypotheses were evaluated using the PROCESS macro with SPSS to measure moderated-mediated relationships. The findings of the study reveal that HPHRPs positively influence employee performance through psychological empowerment. Responsible leadership positively moderates HPHRPs' effects on psychological empowerment. Furthermore, responsible leadership moderates the mediated relationship such that this positive indirect effect is stronger for individuals possessing low levels of responsible leadership. Our study is the first of its type to investigate whether a responsible leader may moderate the indirect impact of HPHRPs on JP through psychological empowerment. The findings carry critical implications for the practitioners and academics to devise interventions for better work environments., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Moreover, the submitted work was not carried out in the presence of any personal, professional or financial relationships that could potentially be construed as a conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Antimicrobial resistance is a major health burden in Pakistan, and therefore new herbal medicine-based therapeutic regimens are being largely investigated. Limbarda crithmoides essential oil was extracted by using hydrodistillation method. Chemical profiling of essential was evaluated by using FTIR and GC-MS analysis. A total of 20 components were identified including, p -xylene, o -xylene, β -linalool, acetophenole and 3-isopropylphenyl methylcarbamate. The HOMO and LUMO analysis in DFT investigations presented that 3-isopropylphenyl methylcarbamate, p -xylene and o -xylene posess a substantial capacity to transfer charge through molecules. The antimicrobial potential of essential oil showed moderate inhibition against E. coli (MIC = 6.25 mg/mL), whereras a significant inhibition Staphylococos aureus was recorded (MIC = 3.12 mg/mL). Further, significant antioxidant activities were recorded in DPPH radical scavenging (IC 50 = 80.5 µg/mL), H 2 O 2 (64 ± 1.2%) and FRAP (60.3 µg ferrous equivalents) assays. It was therefore concluded that Limbarda crithmoides essential oil has potential antioxidant and anti-antimicrobial properties and can be used for further investigations.

With increasing phosphate (P) entering the environment during agricultural application, the subsurface flow of particular P has been recently discussed as a vital P transport pathway. Iron (oxyhydr)oxide colloid-facilitated P transport is critical for iron and P biogeochemical processes in the subsurface. This study investigated the ferrihydrite colloid-facilitated P transport through adsorption and column experiments under different P concentrations and three pH conditions. Increased P loading on ferrihydrite colloids decreased the transport of ferrihydrite colloids (< 8.0%) under acid conditions through pore straining and irreversible attachment. Under neutral and alkaline conditions, ferrihydrite colloids exhibited more negative surfaces and smaller diameters with increasing P, which further enhanced ferrihydrite colloid transport (maximum to 95.6%). Ferrihydrite colloid-facilitated P transport was limited under acid conditions, and it was 10% - 57% enhancement under neutral and alkaline conditions with increasing P adsorption. Under neutral conditions, ferrihydrite colloid-facilitated P transport was strongest (maximum to 68.84%) because of its stronger ferrihydrite colloid transport than under acid conditions and larger P adsorption capacity than under alkaline conditions. Our findings indicate that the facilitated transport of ferrihydrite colloids in the presence of P may be appreciable in iron and phosphate-rich soil and subsurface systems, which is essential for evaluating the fate of iron and iron-facilitated P and potential environmental risks of P transport in the subsurface., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Mycotoxins are common in many agricultural products and may harm both animals and humans. Dietary mycotoxins are reduced via physical, chemical, and thermal decontamination methods. Chemical residues are left behind after physical and chemical treatments that decrease food quality. Since mycotoxins are heat-resistant, heat treatments do not completely eradicate them. Cold plasma therapy increases food safety and shelf life. Cold plasma-generated chemical species may kill bacteria quickly at room temperature while leaving no chemical residues. This research explains how cold plasma combats mold and mycotoxins to guarantee food safety and quality. Fungal cells are damaged and killed by cold plasma species. Mycotoxins are also chemically broken down by the species, making the breakdown products safer. According to a preliminary cold plasma study, plasma may enhance food shelf life and quality. The antifungal and antimycotoxin properties of cold plasma benefit fresh produce, agricultural commodities, nuts, peppers, herbs, dried meat, and fish., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The membrane-delimited receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is expressed in the intestine, collaborates with broad neutral amino acid transporter 1 (B 0 AT1). Tryptophan (Trp) is transported into intestinal epithelial cells by ACE2 and B 0 AT1. However, whether ACE2 and its binding protein B 0 AT1 are involved in Trp-mediated alleviation of intestinal injury is largely unknown. Here, we used weaned piglets and IPEC-J2 cells as models and found that ACE2/B 0 AT1 alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced diarrhea and promoted intestinal barrier recovery via transport of Trp. The levels of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways were altered by ACE2. Dietary Trp supplementation in LPS-treated weaned piglets revealed that Trp alleviated diarrhea by promoting ACE2/B 0 AT1 expression, and examination of intestinal morphology revealed that the damage to the intestinal barrier was repaired. Our study demonstrated that ACE2 accompanied by B 0 AT1 mediated the alleviation of diarrhea by Trp through intestinal barrier repair via the mTOR pathway., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Metal-CO 2 batteries, which use CO 2 as the active species at cathodes, are particularly promising, but device design for mass-producible CO 2 reduction and energetic power supply lag behind, limiting their potential benefits. In this study, an aqueous reversible flow-type Zn-CO 2 battery using a Pd/SnO 2 @C cathode catalyst has been assembled and demonstrates an ultra-high discharge voltage of 1.38 V, a peak power density of 4.29 mW cm -2 , high-energy efficiency of 95.64% and remarkable theoretical energy density (827.3 W h kg -1 ). In the meantime, this optimized system achieves a high formate faradaic efficiency of 95.86% during the discharge process at a high rate of 4.0 mA cm -2 . This energy- and chemical-conversion technology could store and provide electricity, eliminate CO 2 and produce valuable chemicals, addressing current energy and environment issues simultaneously.

Aqueous Zn-CO 2 batteries can not only convert CO 2 into high-value chemicals but also store/output electric energy for external use. However, their performance is limited by sluggish and complicated CO 2 electroreduction at the cathode. Herein, a dual-anion regulated Bi electrocatalyst is developed to selectively reduce CO 2 to formate with a Faradaic efficiency of up to 97% at a large current density of 250 mA cm -2 . With O and/or F, the rate-determine step of CO 2 electroreduction has been manipulated (from the first hydrogenation to *HCOOH desorption step) with a reduced energy barrier. Significantly, the fabricated Zn-CO 2 battery exhibits a high discharge voltage of 1.2 V, optimal power density of 4.51 mW cm -2 , remarkable energy density of 802 Wh kg -1 , and energy-conversion efficiency of 70.74%, stability up to 200 cycles and 68 h. This study provides possible strategies to fabricate reversible and energetic aqueous Zn-CO 2 batteries by addressing cathodic problems., (© 2023 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: We aimed to investigate factors associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia and CMV disease and its impact on post-transplant outcomes including overall survival (OS) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-SCT)., Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective study including 452 Allo-SCT recipients (matched unrelated donor, MUD 61%; haploidentical, haplo 39%) from 2016 to 2021. Data were analyzed using SPSS v28. Descriptive (chi-square and t-test), Kaplan-Meier and regression analyses were conducted., Results: The median age was 57 years. Sixty-one percent were males and 84.3% were Caucasians. CMV serostatus was positive in 59.1% of recipients. The median follow-up was 24.4 months. CMV viremia and CMV disease were observed in 181 (40%) and 32 (7%) patients, respectively. Among CMV seropositive recipients, 65% developed CMV viremia and 11% were noted to have CMV disease compared to 4% and 1% in seronegative recipients, respectively (p < 0.001). Patients with CMV disease had significantly lower OS than those without CMV disease (median 14.1 months vs. not reached, p = 0.024); however, OS was not associated with CMV viremia (median not reached in both groups, p = 0.640). Letermovir prophylaxis was used in 66% (n = 176/267) of CMV seropositive recipients, but no impact was observed on the incidence of CMV viremia or CMV disease and OS., Conclusions: CMV disease leads to significantly inferior survival after an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Recipient CMV seropositive status was associated with the risk of CMV viremia and CMV disease, and this was not abrogated with the use of Letermovir prophylaxis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No relevant conflict of interest. SHA has speaking, consulting and advisory roles, and research funding from Incyte and Therakos. JPM has speaking, consulting and advisory role in Kite, Juno Therapeutics, Allovir, Magenta Therapeutics, EcoR1 Capital, and has research funding from Novartis, Fresenius Biotech, Astellas Pharma, Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Gamida Cell, Pluristem Therapeutics, Kite and AlloVir. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer detection includes the detection of cancerous or potentially cancerous lesions within the GI tract. Earlier diagnosis is critical for increasing the success of treatment and improving patient outcomes. Medical imaging plays a major role in diagnosing and detecting GI cancer. CT scans, endoscopy, MRI, ultrasound, and positron emission tomography (PET) scans can help detect lesions, abnormal masses, and changes in tissue structure. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods are being gradually applied to medical imaging for cancer diagnosis. ML algorithms, including deep learning methodologies like convolutional neural network (CNN), are applied frequently for cancer diagnosis. These models learn features and patterns from labelled datasets to discriminate between normal and abnormal areas in medical images. This article presents a new Harbor Seal Whiskers Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning based Medical Imaging Analysis for Gastrointestinal Cancer Detection (HSWOA-DLGCD) technique. The goal of the HSWOA-DLGCD algorithm is to explore the GI images for the cancer diagnosis. In order to accomplish this, the HSWOA-DLGCD system applies bilateral filtering (BF) approach for the removal of noise. In addition, the HSWOA-DLGCD technique makes use of HSWOA with Xception model for feature extraction. For cancer recognition, the HSWOA-DLGCD technique applies extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model. Finally, the parameters compared with the XGBoost system can be selected by moth flame optimization (MFO) system. The experimental results of the HSWOA-DLGCD technique could be verified on the Kvasir database. The simulation outcome demonstrated a best possible solution of the HSWOA-DLGCD method than other recent methods., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. The manuscript was written through contributions of all authors. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can potentially harm global public health. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which speeds up the emergence of AMR and increases the burden of drug resistance in mobile genetic elements (MGEs), is the primary method by which AMR genes are transferred across bacterial pathogens. New approaches are urgently needed to halt the spread of bacterial diseases and antibiotic resistance. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), an RNA-guided adaptive immune system, protects prokaryotes from foreign DNA like plasmids and phages. This approach may be essential in limiting horizontal gene transfer and halting the spread of antibiotic resistance. The CRISPR-Cas system has been crucial in identifying and understanding resistance mechanisms and developing novel therapeutic approaches. This review article investigates the CRISPR-Cas system's potential as a tool to combat bacterial AMR. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be targeted and eliminated by the CRISPR-Cas system. It has been proven to be an efficient method for removing carbapenem-resistant plasmids and regaining antibiotic susceptibility. The CRISPR-Cas system has enormous potential as a weapon against bacterial AMR. It precisely targets and eliminates antibiotic-resistant bacteria, facilitates resistance mechanism identification, and offers new possibilities in diagnostics and therapeutics., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Background: We investigate the geographical and racial disparities in accessing CAR-T and bispecific antibodies trials for DLBCL., Materials and Methods: ClinicalTrials.gov was searched, and 75 trials with at least 1 open site in the US were included. 2020 US Census Bureau data was used to obtain data on race and ethnicity. SPSS version 26 was used for analysis., Results: There were 62 CAR-T and 13 bispecific antibodies trials with 6221 enrolled or expected to enroll patients. Eighty-five percent of the clinical trials were only open in the US, and the majority 64% were pharmaceutical-funded. There were 126 unique study sites distributed over 31 states with 11 (0-51) mean number of trials per state and 4.5 (1-26) and 4.4 (1-24) mean number of CAR-T and bispecific antibodies trials per site, respectively. Southern states had the most number of trials 31%, followed by Midwestern 25%, Northeastern 24%, and Western 20%. The highest number of study locations were in California 13, New York 9, and Pennsylvania 9, while the highest number of open studies were in California 51, Texas 32, and New York 23. Twenty states had no open CAR-T or bispecific antibodies trials. Only 33% of African Americans (AA) lived in a county with a trial, and 7 out of 10 states with the highest proportion of AA residents (18.6%-41.4%) have no or less than 4 trial sites. Of the 62 counties analyzed, 92% were White predominant, while only 8% were AA predominant (P = .009)., Conclusions: Strategies should be framed to address the observed disparities and to improve access., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The environmental impact of biodegradable polylactic acid microplastics (PLA-MPs) has become a global concern, with documented effects on soil health, nutrient cycling, water retention, and crop growth. This study aimed to assess the repercussions of varying concentrations of PLA-MPs on rice, encompassing aspects such as growth, physiology, and biochemistry. Additionally, the investigation delved into the influence of PLA-MPs on soil bacterial composition and soil enzyme activities. The results illustrated that the highest levels of PLA-MPs (2.5%) impaired the photosynthesis activity of rice plants and hampered plant growth. Plants exposed to the highest concentration of PLA-MPs (2.5%) displayed a significant reduction of 51.3% and 47.7% in their root and shoot dry weights, as well as a reduction of 53% and 49% in chlorophyll a and b contents, respectively. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in rice leaves increased by 3.1, 2.8, 3.5, and 5.2 folds, respectively, with the highest level of PLA-MPs (2.5%). Soil enzyme activities, such as CAT, urease, and dehydrogenase (DHA) increased by 19.2%, 10.4%, and 22.5%, respectively, in response to the highest level of PLA-MPs (2.5%) application. In addition, PLA-MPs (2.5%) resulted in a remarkable increase in the relative abundance of soil Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, and Firmicutes by 60%, 31%, and 98.2%, respectively. These findings highlight the potential adverse effects of PLA-MPs on crops and soils. This study provides valuable insights into soil-rice interactions, environmental risks, and biodegradable plastic regulation, underscoring the need for further research., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We declare that we do not have any conflicts of financial or non-financial interests, and we have all agreed to submit the article for publication., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Mycotoxins, ubiquitous contaminants in food, present a global threat to human health and well-being. Mitigation efforts, such as the implementation of sound agricultural practices, thorough food processing, and the advancement of mycotoxin control technologies, have been instrumental in reducing mycotoxin exposure and associated toxicity. To comprehensively assess mycotoxins and their toxicodynamic implications, the deployment of effective and predictive strategies is imperative. Understanding the manner of action, transformation, and cumulative toxic effects of mycotoxins, moreover, their interactions with food matrices can be gleaned through gene expression and transcriptome analyses at cellular and molecular levels. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) govern the expression of target genes and enzymes that play pivotal roles in physiological, pathological, and toxicological responses, whereas acute phase proteins (APPs) exert regulatory control over the metabolism of therapeutic agents, both endogenously and posttranscriptionally. Consequently, this review aims to consolidate current knowledge concerning the regulatory role of miRNAs in the initiation of toxicological pathways by mycotoxins and explores the potential of APPs as biomarkers following mycotoxin exposure. The findings of this research highlight the potential utility of miRNAs and APPs as indicators for the detection and management of mycotoxins in food through biological processes. These markers offer promising avenues for enhancing the safety and quality of food products., (© 2024 Institute of Food Technologists®.)

Remediating inorganic pollutants is an important part of protecting coastal ecosystems, which are especially at risk from the effects of climate change. Different Phragmites karka (Retz) Trin. ex Steud ecotypes were gathered from a variety of environments, and their abilities to remove inorganic contaminants from coastal wetlands were assessed. The goal is to learn how these ecotypes process innovation might help reduce the negative impacts of climate change on coastal environments. The Phragmites karka ecotype E1, found in a coastal environment in Ichkera that was impacted by residential wastewater, has higher biomass production and photosynthetic pigment content than the Phragmites karka ecotypes E2 (Kalsh) and E3 (Gatwala). Osmoprotectant accumulation was similar across ecotypes, suggesting that all were able to successfully adapt to polluted marine environments. The levels of both total soluble sugars and proteins were highest in E2. The amount of glycine betaine (GB) rose across the board, with the highest levels being found in the E3 ecotype. The study also demonstrated that differing coastal habitats significantly influenced the antioxidant activity of all ecotypes, with E1 displaying the lowest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, while E2 exhibited the lowest peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Significant morphological changes were evident in E3, such as an expansion of the phloem, vascular bundle, and metaxylem cell areas. When compared to the E3 ecotype, the E1 and E2 ecotypes showed striking improvements across the board in leaf anatomy. Mechanistic links between architectural and physio-biochemical alterations are crucial to the ecological survival of different ecotypes of Phragmites karka in coastal environments affected by climate change. Their robustness and capacity to reduce pollution can help coastal ecosystems endure in the face of persistent climate change., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In this paper, we explore the asymmetry observed between the effects of photon-phonon coupling (nested-dressing) and a crystal field (CF) on the fine structure of fluorescence (FL) and spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in Eu 3+ : BiPO 4 and Eu 3+ : NaYF 4 . The competition between the CF and the strong photon-phonon dressing leads to dynamic splitting in two directions. The CF leads to static splitting in one direction under weak phonon dressing. The evolution from strong dressing to weak dressing results in spectral asymmetry. This spectral asymmetry includes out-of-phase FL and in-phase SFWM. Further, the large ratio between the dressing Rabi frequency and the de-phase rate leads to strong FL and SFWM asymmetry due to photon-phonon constructive dressing. Moreover, the experimental results suggest the analogy of a spectra asymmetry router with a channel equalization ratio of 96.6%.