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Background: The prevalence of neglected developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) has been decreasing. Nowadays, the disease is rarely seen in walking age children. The purpose of this study is to assess the results of simultaneous osteotomy of femur and pelvic bones in such children. Method: We performed a retrospective study on 30 children aged 3.8±0.9 (range: 1.5-7) years old, with DDH who underwent surgical operation in our hospital from August 2001 to September 2006. Tönnis and Severin grading systems were used to classify the radiographic status of the hip in pre- and postoperative era, respectively. Improvement in function and limp was also evaluated by the modified McKay’s classification. Results: From the 30 cases, six patients excluded in the course of the study and among the remaining patients, 12 had bilateral involvement. The mean follow-up period was 7.6±0.8 (range: 5.1-11.3) years. During the last visit, radiographic status of the operated joints, according to Severin classification was as follows: Class I: 12 patients; Class II: 20 patients; Class III: 3 patients; Class IV: 1 patient; and Class VI: 1 patient. Conclusion: Although through the follow-up, two hips subluxated, necrosis happened in three and one joint was re-dislocated, simultaneous femoral and innominate osteotomy in the walking age children with DDH has relatively good clinical outcomes.

In this paper, we investigate the effects of auto-tracking subsystem together with different beam divergences on SNR, BER and stability of FSO communication links. For this purpose we compute the values of power, SNR and BER on receiver, based on analytic formula of Gaussian beam on receiver plane. In this computation the atmospheric effects including absorption, scattering and turbulence are considered. Using mentioned computed values, the laser link stability and its reliability in presence of auto-tracking subsystems are evaluated. The results of simulation and computation are shown with the help of figures and tables.

Background Clinical experiences have revealed that patients with breast cancer experience various sexual problems following their treatment. Breast cancer negatively impacts the sexual life of the afflicted couples, and as a traumatic event can influence women’s psychosexual functioning and intimate relationship. This review focuses on sexuality after breast cancer and on a growing need for bio-psycho-social guidelines for breast cancer treatment. Methods This study aims to review the literature on management, psychological outcomes and sexual dysfunction in patients with breast cancer. Results Although the benefits of the current treatment strategies are well established, many cancer survivors are at risk for developing psycho physiological symptoms including sexual dysfunction. Cancer and treatment-related factors can influence sexual functioning. We review current treatment-related side effects on sexual functioning such as desire, arousal and orgasm in breast cancer patients. Despite the impact of medical treatment on survival of patients with breast cancer, no satisfactory steps have been taken towards improving sexual functioning of these patients. Conclusion Breast cancer affects many aspects of sexuality, including changes in physical functioning and in the perception of feminity. Sexual dysfunction following breast cancer should be diagnosed and managed as a systematic approach with multidisciplinary inputs. Healthcare professionals should assess the effects of medical and surgical treatment on the sexuality of breast cancer survivors.

Background: A significant number of complications that maybe occur with surgical treatment of humeral supracondylar fractures in children are approach related. In this study we tried to compare the outcome of triceps splitting (posterior approach) with other approaches. Methods: Thirty six consecutive children with displaced Gartland Type III extension supracondylar fractures underwent open reduction and internal fixation in our university hospital from March 2005 to March 2011. They were divided into three groups on the basis of surgical approach; Group A (14 patients) posterior approach with triceps splitting, Group B (10patients) posterior approach with tongue shape flap, and Group C (12 patients) lateral, anterolateral, or medial approach. Results: In group A, range of motion was graded as excellent in 71.43%, good 21.43%, and fair 7.14%. In group B, the range of motion was excellent in 70%, good 20%, and fair 10%. Deformity was observed in one patient (10%). In group C the range of motion of the elbow was excellent in 66.6%, good 16.7%, and fair 16.7%. Deformity was seen in two (16.7%) patients. Pin tract infection was seen in one patient in each group. Conclusion: In surgical treatment of humeral supracondylar fracture with normal neurovascular state in children, due to its simplicity, greater exposure, lack of interference with vital structures, and better surgical outcome, the posterior approach particularly posterior triceps splitting method is advocated.

Due to development of both wireless communication users and communication line users, utilization of high-speed communications has become a vital essence. High speed digital microwave radios have a great contribution in wireless telecommunications. Having a different and high capacitance, these radios can transmit and receive data in point to point links in far distances up to 30 km. Considering the high rate of utilization such digital microwave radios have in lower bands, it is imperative to utilize such kind of radios in upper bandsfor accessing more channels. One of the radios that plays a significant role in communications is digital microwave radio 18 GHz. Through using a proper modulation in this band, transmitting data with high rate is achievable. In this paper, frequency synthesizer of this radio has been analyzed, designed and implemented. By applying proper changes, this synthesizer can be used as a frequency sweeper either. In this project in order to have a stable local oscillator and a good phase noise of output signal, a phase locked DRO was designed and implemented. This stable signal will be mixed with an L-band synthesized signal and it will generate signal in the band 17.7 GHz -19.7 GHz with step 0.25 MHz. The stable output signal of this synthesizer has a very good phase noise at 18 GHz. We have achieved to phase noise up to -88 dBc/Hz @10 kHz in 18 GHz which is a proper phase noise for using different modulations such as QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM and... This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.