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HIV-positive patients may present lungs with multiple infections, which may hinder differential diagnoses and the choice of treatment in the course of COVID-19, especially in countries with limited access to high-standard healthcare. Here, we aim to investigate the association between radiological changes and poor COVID-19 outcomes among HIV-positive patients from Central and Eastern Europe. Between November 2020 and May 2021, the Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group started collecting observational data on HIV and COVID-19 co-infections. In total, 16 countries from Central and Eastern European submitted data (eCRF) on 557 HIV-positive patients. The current analyses included patients who had a radiological examination performed. Logistic regression models were used to identify the factors associated with death, ICU admission, and partial recovery (poor COVID-19 outcomes). Factors that were significant in the univariate models (p < 0.1) were included in the multivariate model. Radiological data were available for 224 (40.2%) patients, 108 (48.2%) had computed tomography, and 116 (51.8%) had a chest X-ray. Of these, 211 (94.2%) were diagnosed using RT-PCR tests, 212 (94.6%) were symptomatic, 123 (55.6%) were hospitalized, 37 (16.6%) required oxygen therapy, and 28 (13.1%) either died, were admitted to ICU, or only partially recovered. From the radiologist’s description, 138 (61.6%) patients had typical radiological changes, 18 (8.0%) atypical changes, and 68 (30.4%) no changes. In the univariate models, CD4 count (OR = 0.86 [95% CI: 0.76–0.98]), having a comorbidity (2.33 [1.43–3.80]), HCV and/or HBV co-infection (3.17 [1.32–7.60]), being currently employed (0.31 [0.13–0.70]), being on antiretroviral therapy (0.22 [0.08–0.63]), and having typical (3.90 [1.12–13.65]) or atypical (10.8 [2.23– 52.5]) radiological changes were all significantly associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes. In the multivariate model, being on antiretroviral therapy (OR = 0.20 [95% CI:0.05–0.80]) decreased the odds of poor COVID-19 outcomes, while having a comorbidity (2.12 [1.20–3.72]) or either typical (4.23 [1.05–17.0]) or atypical (6.39 [1.03–39.7]) radiological changes (vs. no changes) increased the odds of poor COVID-19 outcomes. Among HIV patients diagnosed with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, the presence of either typical or atypical radiological COVID-19 changes independently predicted poorer outcomes. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Background: In countries with limited resources, people living with HIV (PLWH) may differently present lung infections hindering the differential diagnosis and the choice of treatment during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aims to investigate the association between radiological changes and poor COVID-19 outcome PLWH from Central and Eastern Europe. Methods: Since November 2020 ECEE Network Group have started collecting data on HIV/COVID-19 co- infection. In total data was submitted from 16 countries (eCRF) on 557 HIV+ patients. Analysis included patients with radiological examination performed. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with death, ICU admission or partial recovery (poor COVID-19 outcome). Factors significant in univariate models (p

Objectives: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV infection is an important intervention for control of the HIV epidemic. The incidence of HIV infection is increasing in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Therefore, we investigated the change in PrEP use in CEE over time. Methods: The Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe (ECEE) Network Group was initiated in February 2016 to compare standards of care for HIV and viral hepatitis infections in CEE. Data on access to PrEP were collected from 23 countries through online surveys in May–June 2017 (76 respondents) and in November 2018–May 2019 (28 respondents). Results: About 34.2% of respondents stated that tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) was licensed for use in their country in 2017, and 66.7% that it was licensed for use in 2018 (P = 0.02). PrEP was recommended in national guidelines in 39.5% of responses in 2017 and 40.7% in 2018 (P = 0.378). About 70.7% of respondents were aware of “informal” PrEP use in 2017, while 66.6% were aware of this in 2018 (P = 0.698). In 2018, there were 53 centres offering PreP (the highest numbers in Poland and Romania), whereas six countries had no centres offering PreP. The estimated number of HIV-negative people on PreP in the region was 4500 in 2018. Generic TDF/FTC costs (in Euros) ranged from €10 (Romania) to €256.92 (Slovakia), while brand TDF/FTC costs ranged from €60 (Albania) to €853 (Finland). Conclusions: Although the process of licensing TDF/FTC use for PrEP has improved, this is not yet reflected in the guidelines, nor has there been a reduction in the “informal” use of PrEP. PrEP remains a rarely used preventive method in CEE countries. © 2020 British HIV Association

Skrzat-Klapaczynska, Agata/0000-0002-6367-5633; Gokengin, Ayse/0000-0003-0704-2302, WOS: 000494690300616, [No abstract available]

Objectives: Because of shared routes of transmission hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV) are the most common co-infections in people living with HIV (PLWH). All PLWH should be vaccinated against HBV and hepatitis A virus (HAV) and treated for HBV and HCV due to increased risk of developing endstage liver disease. We aimed to describe testing, prophylaxis and treatment of viral hepatitis in PLWH in Central and Eastern Europe. Method: Data was collected from 18 countries of Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group (ECEE): Serbia, Turkey, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Ukraine, Hungary, Greece, Albania, Armenia, Czech Republic, Georgia, Belarus, Slovakia, Lithuania, Poland, four countries had information from two centers. Results: In total 21 of 22 (95%) centers in ECEE screen all PLWH for HCV antibodies and for HBsAg. In 20 centers (91%) HCV testing is free of charge either covered by governmental programs (five centers (23%)) or by health insurance (15 centers (68%)), in two centers (9%) PLWH have to pay. All centers have access to DAAs but only six centers (27%) have no limitations for treatment access. HbsAg testing is covered by governmental programs in four centers (18%), by health insurance in 15 centers (68%), in three centers (14%) HBsAg screening is available as paid service. 13 centers (59%) vaccinate all PLWH against HBV, it is free of charge in 11 centers (50%). In HIV/HBV coinfected patients 20 centers (91%) use tenofovir-based regimen. Only 12 centers of 22 (55%) screen for HAV IgG, and three centers (14%) vaccinate all PLWH against HAV, vaccination is free of charge in six centers (29%). Conclusion: Testing for viral hepatitis in PLWH in ECEE is sufficiently good, however, vaccination against HBV especially against HAV has room for improvement, also HCV treatment access needs rectification in entire ECEE.

We report an elderly patient with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) who showed no neurological signs clinically. A 70-year-old man presented with irritation and poor hygiene, thereafter he showed excitement and violence. A cranial CT scan revealed bilateral moderate atrophy of the temporal lobes and slight enlargement of the lateral ventricle. The brain stem was slightly atrophic. Although he died at the age of 80 years, he had no neurological signs throughout the clinical course. Neuropathological study showed typical findings of PSP, neuronal loss with gliosis and neurofibrillary tangles in the basal ganglia, amygdala, midbrain, pons, dentate nucleus and inferior olivary nucleus. Staining by Gallyas-Braak methods revealed argyrophilic and tau-positive glial fibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex. Neurofibrillary tangles showed greater frequency than usual for the physiological level in that age group in the hippocampus regions as well as in the amygdala. The possibility that the psychotic symptoms, mainly personality change, are connected with the degeneration of limbic system is indicated. Since there have not been any previous reports of PSP without neurological signs, this case represents an important in terms of clinico-pathological variation of PSP. We suggest that there is discrepancy between symptomatic and neuropathological aspects in elderly patients with PSP.

Fisheries and aquaculture in Japan and France are very different in terms of scale and management schemes. Japan, a leading country in the world for fisheries, has developed a unique mixed system of community based coastal management and licensing schemes for off-shore and distant-water fisheries. Increasing demand, changes in consumption and the heavy constraint of access limitation to third countries waters, make Japan more and more depending upon imports. Though few effort and access limitation schemes are locally implemented in France, most of the management rules comply with the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). The basic lines are the technical measures, the Total Allowable Catches (TACs) allocated into quotas at the regional level and the reduction of the fleet size under the objectives of the Multiannual Guidance Programme. Fleet reduction to increase the productivity and stabilization of the fishermen income are the main objectives for the coming years. Producers Organizations (POs) play an increasing role. Increasing demand and shifts in consumption. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR], Le secteur des pêches et cultures marines au Japon et en France différent tant par leur taille que par les modes de gestion. Le Japon, un des leaders mondiaux en matière de pêche, a développe un système unique base sur une gestion directe par les communautés de pêcheurs de l'exploitation des ressources côtières et des licences pour les autres pêcheries. L'accroissement de la demande, la modification des modes de consommation et la limitation de l'accès aux eaux des pays tiers rendent le Japon de plus en plus dépendant des importations. Bien qu'il existe des modalités de limitation de l'accès ou de l'effort mis en oeuvre localement, d'une manière générale la gestion des pêches s'effectue dans le cadre de la Politique Commune des pêches. Les axes principaux en sont des limitations techniques, les captures totales admissibles (TAC) reparties en quotas au niveau régional et la réduction de la flotte selon les objectifs fixe dans les Programmes d'Orientation Pluriannuels (POP). L'amélioration de la productivité des unités de pêche et la stabilisation du revenu des pêcheurs constituent les objectifs principaux. Les Organisations de Producteurs (OP) joueront pour cela un rôle croissant. L'augmentation de la demande et les modifications dans les modes de consommation, soutienne un flux croissant d importations. [OCR NON CONTRÔLE]

In all industrialised countries, most sons of fishermen don't want to be successors of their fathers. It is therefore certain that the number of family exploitations will rapidly decrease. But the mechanism of succession is very different in each country. This paper aims at providing a method of analysing this problem, by reference to the present situation of Japan. We stress here the nature of the family and the system of fishing rights, which are particular to each country and which strongly influence the succession mechanism. (Résumé d'auteur)