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Surface runoff and soil losses in the case of potato cultivation using de-stoning technology on gentle slopes (Haplic Cambisol) were studied in 2020-2022. Different ridges shapes were compared: control (smooth shaped ridges), pits, pits plus loosening, pits plus loosening plus cover crop (Triticum aestivum L.) sowing in trail furrows. Runoff and soil losses were studied approximately 1 and 2 months after planting potatoes. The obtained results showed the highest reduction of surface runoff and soil losses in the treatment with cover crop sowing. In this variant, soil losses were reduced by 65-81% (1 month after planting) and 54-85% (2 months after planting) in case of simulated rainfall on the soil with natural moisture (or these losses were reduced by 51-93% and 50-76% in case of 15-min rainfall). On average, tuber yields reached 29.4 t/ha (pits + loosening) to 30.6 t/ha (pits) in 2020-2022. The different abilities of the tested shapes of ridges and furrows to retain water did not significantly affect the achieved yields of tubers, as rainfall was not a limiting factor in the monitored period. The yield differences among all tested treatments reached units of tons per hectare if the entire dose of nitrogen was applied at planting. Splitting the total nitrogen dose (50% at planting, 50% at loosening) gave significantly (P < 0.05) higher yields (34.2 t/ha) than a single application at planting. The treatment pits plus loosening with fertilisation provided a 19-26% higher tuber yield than pits plus loosening with a total N dose applied at planting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of potato drip irrigation on soil nitrogen dynamics and potato yield was studied in small-plot field trials. The trials were evaluated during three experimental times (2016-2018). Four variants of irrigation were determined, i.e. non-irrigated, 60, 65 and 70 ASWC (available soil water capacity). At the same time, two pre-planting fertilisation dates were set at a maximum of 120 kg N/ha a in divided, i.e. 60 kg N/ha before planting and 60 kg N/ha by fertigation during vegetation. Pre-planting crop fertilisation or in-season fertigation did not have any significant effect on the potato yields of most variants. In all studied parameters, the positive, beneficial effect of irrigation was recorded and compared to the non-irrigated control. The mitigation of drought stress in plants during the growing season is the most important advantage of irrigation. In the trials, on average, across all years and cultivars, the yield of the irrigated variant increased by 41% compared to the non-irrigated variant. Maintaining optimal soil moisture has a favourable effect use of applied fertilisers. The highest mineral nitrogen content in the soil was recorded for the variant without irrigation. Considering the increased use of nitrogen fertilisers, the subsurface drip line appeared optimal for creating suitable conditions for nitrogen availability to plants in the root zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2004 implementation of e-learning has been systematically and continuously encouraged and supported at Charles University (CU). Open source system Moodle was chosen as an optimal Learning Management System for creation and management of e-learning courses. Evaluation of the five-year experience with e-learning shows that the continuous support of a suitable environment for the management of e-learning courses leads to the development of spontaneous implementation of this approach into the teaching process. A positive impact of e-learning on teaching outcomes was demonstrated by a course focused on medical informatics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Important worldwide websites offering medical informatics have been searched through to find freely available web-based sources for teaching of medical informatics at faculties of medicine. The conclusion suggests that a complex system for teaching of the whole field of study does not exist. However, a sufficient offer of specialized articles, model programmes and presentations is available, which can be used for teaching. The author lists a brief characterization of the found sources and the programmes he uses. This computer-aided research is only rough. A more precisely defined searching strategy can help find other sources of specialized subjects useful for medical informatics.

Anticipation in the age at onset of cancer in successive generations was described in several familial cancer syndromes. Based on multiple statistical analyses of a database of families with germline TP53 mutations, and using several different approaches and measures to eliminate possible biases, we show that anticipation may be a feature of the Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Definitive proof of anticipation in pedigrees with germline TP53 mutations will require more family data and further analysis, as well as research on the role of the p53 protein in processes like genome stability, which may represent the biological basis of anticipation in these families. This should have important practical implications for genetic testing, counselling, and preventative care for individuals at risk.