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This study addresses the issues of water management safety management in the context of shaping the appropriate level of municipal services in Poland, related to quality standards and the availability of water resources for enterprises and the local community. The literature review presents examples of activities concerning the evaluation of the quality and availability of groundwater and their suitability for domestic and commercial use in the world. The key parameters of water intended for human consumption, which affect its quality, have been selected based on the literature and the Polish standards set out in the regulation. On this basis, appropriate parameters for case-study research were selected. In the following, the analytical methods and tools used to assess water quality were characterized. In the case study example, the analysis of water parameters from selected three different intakes in 2015-2017 (Tęczowa, Stodoły and GPW Rybnik-Północ) was performed and the functioning and role of the internal Water and Sewage Laboratory in the safety management of water economy in the water and sewerage company has been presented.

The paper presents the monitoring of qualitative and quantitative changes of raw wastewater entering Rybnik-Orzepowice wastewater treatment facility, Poland as well as the changes in the composition of sewage sludge in the period of 2005-2018. The analyses conducted in the study proved that despite the increasing amount of raw wastewater entering the treatment plant, the introduction of a constant monitoring system of the raw wastewater and sewage sludge along with an innovative bioconversion technology will enable to significantly improve the treatment processes and to produce biomass fuel for professional heat and energy generation. The monitoring of the composition of the produced sewage sludge showed that with the development of wastewater treatment technology, the average concentration of zinc and lead systematically decreased in the analyzed period of 2005-2018. The only exception was the average annual concentration of copper which increased in the course of the conducted monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to characterize the value of various forms of employment for managers in municipal companies in Poland and is an attempt to evaluate them from the point of view of management efficiency and conducting investment processes in connection with the obligation to achieve social objectives. One of the main premises of the article is also the desire to highlight and emphazise the high specificity of the operation of municipal companies in Poland, and thus the requirements regarding the experience and role of managers in the territorial form of economic activity in conjunction with the form of their employment in companies. The Act of 9 June 2016 discussed in the article on the rules of shaping the remuneration of persons managing certain companies constitutes an area of considerations, the intention of which is a general assessment of the substantive functions of managers in relation to economic and financial analysis and the legal form of the adopted solution. The results of these considerations do not confirm the thesis adopted in the construction of the Act of 9 June 2016 that only a managerial contract in its pure form can be an effective tool for corporate governance in municipal companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyze and present the results of research devoted to the development and intentions of water and sewage companies operating on the Polish market in the context of innovation. The data collected and analysed in the research has not been published yet. The specific purposes of the study is to describe the state of innovation of water and sewage companies operating across the country, and to indicate the directions for their development, their barriers and problems in the context of implementing innovation. The first part of the study focuses on the theoretical aspects of innovative activities of municipal companies, and characterizes the notions of innovation and innovativeness. In its subsequent part, the study describes the object, subject, purpose of the study, the research methods and techniques applied in the paper. The analysis and discussion of a selected research part is included in the last part of the study, which is closed by the final conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization & Management / Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Slaskiej. Seria Organizacji i Zarzadzanie is the property of Silesian Technical University, Organisation & Management Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization & Management / Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Slaskiej. Seria Organizacji i Zarzadzanie is the property of Silesian Technical University, Organisation & Management Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization & Management / Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Slaskiej. Seria Organizacji i Zarzadzanie is the property of Silesian Technical University, Organisation & Management Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization & Management / Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Slaskiej. Seria Organizacji i Zarzadzanie is the property of Silesian Technical University, Organisation & Management Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization & Management / Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Slaskiej. Seria Organizacji i Zarzadzanie is the property of Silesian Technical University, Organisation & Management Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization & Management / Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Slaskiej. Seria Organizacji i Zarzadzanie is the property of Silesian Technical University, Organisation & Management Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization & Management / Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Slaskiej. Seria Organizacji i Zarzadzanie is the property of Silesian Technical University, Organisation & Management Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization & Management / Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Slaskiej. Seria Organizacji i Zarzadzanie is the property of Silesian Technical University, Organisation & Management Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia i Materialy Polskiego Stowarzyszenia Zarzadzania Wiedza / Studies & Proceedings Polish Association for Knowledge Management is the property of Polish Society of Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the not activated (unmodified) montmorillonite (MMT) filler on the antibacterial properties of polymer nanocomposites with a biodegradable polylactide (PLA) matrix. The subject of research was selected to verify the reports on the lack of antibacterial properties of unmodified montmorillonite in nanocomposites and to investigate the potential conditions of their manufacturing which are decisive for the resulting properties. Evaluation of antibacterial and mechanical properties of both the starting materials and the obtained nanocomposites filled with layered silicates as well as the wettability of the materials, measured by a sitting drop method was made on samples in the form of a film. The results show that the surface wettability of the polymer nanocomposites did not exhibit significant change compared to the film of neat PLA. However, a significant improvement in the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the nanocomposite films obtained in a specific solvent casting process of the nanocomposite preceded by exfoliation of the film in an ultrasonic homogenizer was demonstrated. The antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis was also observed, and, moreover, the montmorillonite-containing films revealed a zone of inhibition of bacterial growth when tested against the lactosepositive bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family, which are present in the waste water. The advantageous properties of the obtained PLA/MMT nanocomposites suggest that the unmodified montmorillonite may be potentially used as filler for polymer films in the packaging industry.