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Supplemental Material for Post-Traumatic High-Flow Priapism: Accessory Pudendal Origin of Cavernosal Artery From External Iliac Artery - A Case Report by Karan Visanji Dedhia, DNB, S. Vignesh, MD, PDCC, T. Mukuntharajan, DMRD, N. Karunakaran, DMRD, DNB(RD), and Ganesh Rajagopal, DMRD, DNB(RD), FRCR in Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

Organic farming is one of the most important and celebrated systems of agriculture from the point of view of agricultural sustainability. It combines modern scientific techniques of cultivation with tradition to benefit the environment and ecosystem in general and promote a good quality of life for all in particular. It has a concealed production and trade opportunities for both developing and developed countries. The production and market for organic products have been growing continuously for the past two decades. Organic products are often traded with a price premium in domestic as well as international markets. However, the production and marketing possibilities are underutilized all over the world, especially in developing countries. The organic farming movement in India is showing modest growth both in terms of production and marketing. There exists an unexplored market potential for organic products both domestically and internationally.

Housing Finance plays a vital role as an engine of equitable economic growth through the reduction of poverty and prevents slum proliferation in economy. The demand for housing has increased rapidly day by day. Percentage of families owing house in India is 87 percent. The introduction of banking finance for housing purposes is a big boost to the customers and the economy. It is also linked with other industries like cement, steel, blue metal, and so on. The housing finance decisions of people in rural areas are influenced by a number of factors. They also were facing different problems while getting such loans. Interest rate of the loan varies from institution to institution, the period of repayment of loan ranges between 5 to 20 years and some enjoy tax benefit.

Credit is essential for rural development, especially for farming sector. Financial requirements of the farming sector have increased tremendously over the last few decades due to the extended use of fertilizers, improved seeds and mechanization. Credit flows for rural economic development initially made through cooperative societies have contributed much to the improvement of the financial condition of agriculture and rural economy. Institutional credit has been viewed as an important instrument for serving rural development especially in the agricultural sector. The role of banking institution in rural development in India has undergone vast changes since the nationalization of major commercial banks. The study evaluated the economic effectiveness of rural credit among farmers in Kasaragod district. The analysis on agricultural production, income, standard of living, saving and investment of farmers before and after credit revealed the effectiveness of rural credit. The result shows that rural credit influenced agricultural production level, income, standard of living and saving of farmers effectively., {"references":["Anjani Kumar, Dihiraj Singh, K., Preheat Kumar (2017). Performance of Rural Credit and Factors Affecting the Choice of Credit Sources, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 10:8-10","Devaraja, T. S. (2011). Rural Credit in India: An Overview of History and Perspective, Economic Research Review: 35-39","Diwas Raj Bista, Pramod Kumar and Mathur, V. C. (2013). Progress and Performance of Kisan Credit Card Scheme with a Case Study of Bihar, Agricultural Economic Research Review, 3 - 5.","Dushyant Kumar (2010). Agricultural Credit Reform and Financial Inclusion in India, International Journal of Business Quantitative Economics and Applied Management Research, 1:3-8.","Govt of Kerala (2019). Economic Review-2018-19, Kerala State Planning Board : 96-105.","Krishna Kishore, K.T. (2012). Agriculture Credit in India: An Integrated Rural Credit Approach, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publication, 2:2-5","Maina Kumari, Dinesh Chand Meena and Shoji Lal Bairwa (2014), Kisan Credit Card Scheme and its Impact on Farm Economy of India: An Overview, https:\\\\www.researchgate.net:3-6","Manoj, P. K. (2014). Co-Operative Banks and Rural Credit for Inclusive Growth: A Study of Kannur District Co-Operative Bank in India, https:\\\\www.research.net:10-17","Prakash, P., Pramod Kumar (2016). Performance of Kisan Credit Card Scheme in Tamilnadu, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 5:4-13","Subramanian, R., Sunil Shivananjappa (2017). Investigation on the Problems Faced by the Farmers in Obtaining and Repayment of Agricultural Credit in Karaikal District, India, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6:3-6","Sudha Narayanan (2015). The Productivity of Agricultural Credit in India, Research Thesis, IGIDR:5-30","Valentina Hartarska and Denis Nadolnyak XuanShen (2015). Agricultural Credit and Economic Growth in Rural Area, Agricultural Finance Review, 2-9","Vijay Mahajan (2017). The Future of Rural Finance in India, Girdpr.org.in: 6-13."]}

The study examined the role and developmental support of animal husbandry programmes for the promotion of farmers in the rural areas of Kerala and revealed the dependence on their livelihood. Livestock includes cow, sheep, goat, buffalo and poultry. Majority of the farmers have only primary level education. Climate change, low availability of fodder and feed, disease and lack of veterinary services are the major problems. Absence of good access to market and unavailability of various incentives for improving the care and breeding of animals create lot of problems to farmers., {"references":["Anjani Kumar (2013). Structural Transformation in Dairy Sector of India, Agricultural Economics Research Review, 26 (2): 209-220.","Avinash Kishore (2016). Patterns and Drivers of Dairy Development in India, Agricultural Research Review, 29 (1): 1-4.","Bardhan, D. (2015). Delivery of Animal Health Care Services in Uttar Pradesh, Agricultural Economics Research Review, 28 (8): 127-136.","Brajesh Jha (2004). Implications of Trade Liberalisations for the Livestock Sector, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 59 (3): 35-42.","Chauhan, A.K., Satya Pal Sarma, Ram Singh (2004). Agriculture Marketing, 68 (3): 80-88.","Dikshit, A.K., Birthal, P.S. (2013). Positive Environmental Externaliities of Livestock in Mixed Farming Systems of India, Agricultural Research Review, 26 (2): 21-30.","Dinesh Kumar, M., Singh, O.P. (2017), Economics of Dairy Farming in India, Economics and Political Weakly, 41: 77-79.","Harmeet Singh (2017). Spatial Planning for Dairy Development in Kashmir Valley, Journal of Rural Development, 26 (1): 65-98.","Jain, Murali Lal Sharma, Dwaipayan Bardhan (2004). Technical Efficiency in Milk Production in Underdeveloped Production Environment of India, Agricultural Research Review, 2: 44-65.","Jaya Jumrani, Birthal, P.S. (2015). Livestock, Women and Child Nutrition in Rural India, Agricultural Economics Research Review, 28 (2): 223-246.","Karunakaran, N. (2017). Livestock-population for the Sustainable Development of Kerala, PEARL Multidisciplinary Journal, 3 (2): 163-171.","Marcella Guarino (2019). Environmental Impact of Livestock Farming and Precision Livestock Farming as a Mitigation Strategy, Science of the Total Environment, 24: 2751-2760.","Prajapati, P.M. (2016). Constraints Faced by the Dairy Farm Women in Animal Husbandry Practices and Solutions to Overcome Those Constraints, Gujarat Agricultural Universities Research Journal, 4 (1): 32-36.","Prem Chand, Smita Sixohi (2015). Sectoral Priorities for Sustainable Livestock Development in Rajasthan, Agricultural Economic Research Review, 28 (2): 81-92.","Ranjith Kumar, E.G. (2015), Dairying as a Sustainable Occupation, Southern Economist, 54: 17-23.","Sarbjeet Singh (2007). Distribution Pattern of Land and Livestock among Different Socio-economic Groups in the Rural Areas of Himachal Pradesh, Journal of Rural Development, 27 (2): 273-291."]}

Multinational companies (MNCs) have responded to India’s movement towards compliance with the WTO intellectual property agreement, TRIPS, by increasing the quantity and quality of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the areas of pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) and manufacturing. Drug prices do not necessarily provide an accurate signal of consumer’s preferences in all cases. However, it is not always clear why the market sustains high prices for some new drugs when cheaper alternatives of seemingly comparable quality are available. By contrast, MNCs have adopted a more cautious attitude toward patenting and commercialization of pharmaceutical products in India, waiting to see how Indian courts and patent office’s interpret the new laws, and awaiting the enactment of data exclusivity legislation