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There is no known artificial breeding method for depik fish Rasbora tawarensis. Sperm extender and the dilution ratio are crucial factors in the artificial breeding of fish. The current study aimed to assess the effect of several common fish sperm extenders and its dilution ratio on sperm characteristics and fertilization of depik fish eggs. Two series of experiments were performed to find the best extender and its dilution ratio. In the first experiment, five types of extenders were tested: Ringer’s solution, physiological solution, coconut water, sugarcane water, and roomie water. The second experiment studied four dilution levels of sperm and extender (v/v): 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, and 1:50. Every treatment was conducted in four replicates and the experiments were conducted consequently so that the findings in the first experiment were applied in the second. The first experiment showed that Ringer’s is the best extender for depik sperm with sperm motility, fertilization and hatching rates of 71.00%, 69.30%, and 53.66%, respectively; and the second experiment revealed that Ringer’s at dilution ratio 1:40 gave higher sperm motility, fertilization, and hatching rates of 74.66, 70.33, and 59.00%, respectively. In conclusion, Ringer’s solution was the most favorable extender for sperm which yielded best fertilization results at 1:40 dilution ratio (sperm:extender, v/v) in depik fish.

The semen quality of Gembrong goats is lower than other goats and may be related to the low concentration of testosterone hormone. Implementation of reproductive technology using prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) hormone is beneficial to increase the testosterone hormone in Gembrong goats. This study aimed to determine the effect of PGF2α injection on increasing testosterone levels in Gembrong goats. Male Gembrong goats (n=4), aged 2.5-4 years with similar body condition scores (BCS=3) were used in this study. Goats were divided into two treatment groups (n=2). Goats in group 1 (G1) were injected intramuscularly with 1 ml PGF2α (75 μg), while those in group 2 (G2) were injected with 1 ml physiological NaCl. Semen collection was carried out 30 minutes after treatment using an artificial vagina. Testosterone levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The collected data was tabulated and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the average testosterone concentration of G1 was higher than G2 with respective concentrations of 6.41 ± 0.70 and 2.81 ± 1.75 ng/ml. It was concluded that administration of PGF2α in vivo could increase testosterone concentration in Gembrong goats.

The principle of sperm preservation is to prolong the viability of spermatozoa by reducing the degree of metabolism during storage at low temperatures, and one method involved was a cryoprotectant as a sperm protector. This study aimed to determine the best type of cryoprotectant for refrigeration storage of goldfish Carrasius auratus sperm. A completely randomized design was used, and five types of cryoprotectant were tested, namely Methanol, Ethanol, Ethylene Glycol, Glycerol, and DMSO at a 10% concentration combined with 15% egg yolks. The sperm was diluted with Ringer’s solution and stored at 4⁰C for 48 hours. The ANOVA test revealed that cryoprotectant significantly affected the motility and viability of sperm after 48 hours of refrigeration (P0.05). The results showed that 10% DMSO combined with 15% egg yolk could maintain sperm motility and viability better than other treatments, with values of 85.80% and 86.50%, respectively, which were significantly different from the other treatments. Glycerol produced the second-best sperm quality with motility and viability values of 71.13% and 74.13%, respectively. Therefore, DMSO is the most effective cryoprotectant for refrigeration storage of goldfish sperm.

PTEN is a suppressor gene that methylation in its promoter is potentially used for diagnosis and prognosis for breast cancer and other cancer. We aim to develop a simple, fast, and economical Multiple Methylation-Specific PCR (MMSP) PTEN, recognizing a PTEN promoter gene for methylation and un-methylation developed in one single closed tube. This trueexperimental study uses a recombinant plasmid prepared with a TA cloning system. For the development of PTEN with Multiple MSPs, two formulations for MMSP PTEN were designed and compared, in which the best was to study specificity, limit of detection, reproducibility, and repeatability. The methods were validated with a clinical sample that identified its methylation status using Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP). As a result, the best formulation for MMSP PTEN was formulation 2, which comprises of 1:3 methylation and un-methylation primer, with only high specificity for detecting its target and high sensitivity of 1.5625%, while its limit detection was 0.00032 ng/µl. It has high reproducibility and repeatability, which showed consistent data in the experiments with clinical samples in this activity. This simple molecular evidence aids in detecting biomarkers that are potentially used for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer and the epidemiological study of methylated PTEN promoters.

Prematurity refers to live births before 37 weeks of gestation and associated with infant morbidity/mortality. Activation of HIF during the final pregnancy phase is believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of premature birth and other pregnancy disorders. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between hypoxicstatus and the intensity of HIF-1α expression in a premature placenta.Stored biological materials premature placenta (paraffin blocks) was used in this study. Thirtyone samples of placental hypoxia (H) and 28 samples of premature placental non-hypoxia (N) as controls, were selected non-random consecutively. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze HIF-1α expression. TheChi-square testwas used to analyze the data and a p-value

Global biodiversity, especially fish, has experienced a decline, this occurs as a result of over-exploitation, the presence of introduced fish species and climate change. This condition makes researchers look for solutions to overcome these problems by using cryopreservation techniques. The main purpose of cryopreservation is to store, maintain, and ensure the survival of genetic material, so that using cryopreservation techniques can maintain the viability and function of gamete cells both immunologically, biologically and physiologically. The success of the cryopreservation technique has made this technique widely developed in various species of living organism including fish. This article summarizes and reviews the history of the development of cryopreservation of animal species with specific focus on fish. Keywords: Cryopreservation History Depik Endemic species

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into nerve cells with an induction from chemical compounds in medium culture. Chromolaena odorata contains active compounds, such as alkaloids and flavonoids, that can initiate the transformation of MSCs into nerve cells. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of methanol extracted C. odorata leaf to induce the differentiation of bone marrow MSCs into nerve cells. Methods: A serial concentration of C. odorata leaf extract (0.7–1.0 mg/mL) with two replications was used. The parameters measured were the number of differentiated MSCs into nerve cells (statistically analyzed using ANOVA) and cell confirmation using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The results showed that the C. odorata extract had a significant effect on the number MSCs differentiating into nerve cells (p < 0.05) on the doses of 0.8 mg/ml with 22.6%. Molecular assay with RT-PCR confirmed the presence of the nerve cell gene in all of the samples. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study showed the potential application of C. odorata leaf extract in stem cell therapy for patients experiencing neurodegeneration by inducing the differentiation of MSCs into nerve cells.

Introduction: Bullying is behavior that deliberately wants to dominate, hurt, or get rid of its victims, both directly (physical) or indirectly (verbal). The impact of bullying can cause psychological distress and if left untreated will worsen the victim to the point of committing suicide. This study aims to find out the most appropriate types of interventions that can be implemented to reduce intimidation and prevent the risk of suicide by using systematic reviews based on PRISMA guidelines. Methods: The studies were searched in five databases: Scopus, ScienceDirect, Proquest, Pubmed and CINHL and had to be published from 2014-2019. The articles were identified using the keywords “bullying” AND “intervention”, “anti-bullying program”. Results: 14 articles found were used using this systematic review. The article reviewed mentions that an antibullying program that involves several parties has the benefit of reducing bullying. Conclusion: Several intervention efforts can be used in preventing recurring breaches and can also be used as promotive and preventive efforts in cases of bullying in schools and communities.

Sperm cryopreservation is one of the methods in preserving germplasm and avoid the extinction of native fish. The success of this technique requires proper use of protocol because each species needs a different response to certain protocols. However, very limited of works have been done in Indonesian fish; Presently, there were only 9 species of freshwater, namely; Channa striata, Chromobotia macracanthus, Barbonymus gonionotus, Mystus nemurus, Osphronemus goramy, Osteochilus hasseltii atau Osteochilus vittatus, Poropontius tawarensis, Rasbora tawarensis, and Tor soro, and one species marine fish Ephinephelus lanceolatus have been successfully developed the cryopreservation protocols. The objective of this review paper is to summarized and evaluate the best protocol for sperm cryopreservation of above species The reviewed aspects are including the type of extender and cryoprotectant, freezing process (storage time and temperature), thawing (thawing time and temperature) and observations (including the percentage of motility, viability, abnormality, fertility, and hatching rate). Keywords: Extender, Cryoprotectant, Freezing, Thawing ABSTRAK Kriopreservasi sperma adalah salah satu cara untuk melestarikan plasma nutfah Indonesia sehingga dapat terhindar dari kepunahan. Keberhasilan kriopreservasi sangat tergantung pada protokol yang digunakan, karena setiap spesies memiliki respon yang berbeda terhadap protokol tertentu. Namun sayangnya sangat sedikit penelitian terkait kriopreservasi sperma ikan-ikan asli Indonesia. Sampai saat ini hanya 9 spesies ikan air tawar (Channa striata, Chromobotia macracanthus, Barbonymus gonionotus, Mystus nemurus, Osphronemus goramy, Osteochilus hasseltii atau Osteochilus vittatus, Poropontius tawarensis, Rasbora tawarensis, dan Tor soro) dan satu spesies ikan laut Ephinephelus lanceolatus yang telah tersedia protokol kriopreservasi spermanya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mencoba merangkum dan mengevaluasi protokol terbaik dalam proses kriopreservasi masing-masing spesies yang tersebut diatas. Aspek yang direview adalah jenis extender, krioprotektan, proses freezing (lama penyimpanan sperma dan suhu), thawing (lama thawing dan suhu) dan data hasil pengamatan (meliputi persentase motilitas, viabilitas, abnormalitas, fertilitas dan hatching rate. Kata kunci: Extender, Krioprotektan, Freezing, Thawing

The cryopreservation process might reduce the quality of spermatozoa due to an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compounds during cooling, freezing, and thawing. The quality of spermatozoa can be maintained by adding glutathione as an exogenous antioxidant into cryo-diluent. This study aimed to examine the effect of the addition of different doses of glutathione in cryopreservation of Aceh Local catfish (Clarias gariepinus) spermatozoa after freezing. The method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications. Fresh semen was diluted in Ringer, 15% DMSO, and 20% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and then added with glutathione antioxidants of 0.0 mgL-1, 0.5 mgL-1, 1.0 mgL-1, and 2.0 mgL-1. The parameters observed in this study were motility, integrity of the plasma membrane, fertility, and DNA integrity. The results showed that the concentration of glutathione had no effect on motility, integrity ofthe plasma membrane, or fertility, but had an effect on DNA integrity. The highest percentage of motility and plasma membrane integrity respectively was 40.50% (P3) and 70.87% (P2). Furthermore, the assessment of DNA integrity showed that there was no DNA fragmentation both treatments and fresh spermatozoa. This research is the first study regarding glutathione supplementation in cryo-diluent of Aceh Local catfish spermatozoa. Finally, the results obtained can provide information about the exact concentration of glutathione in the extender on the quality of spermatozoa of Aceh Local catfish (C. gariepinus) after the cryopreservation process. These results can also increase the success of fertility be used by the seed hall unit and the aquaculture industry to increase the productivity and supply high quality seeds.

Batteries on the market today still use liquid-type electrolytes, which can result in safety issues caused by electrolyte leakage. Therefore, studies that search for solid-state electrolytes are important for resolving these issues. In this research, a composite of lithium phosphate-montmorillonite-polyvinylidene fluoride (Li3PO4-MMT-PVDF) has been characterized with the aim of detecting the electrochemical performance of Li3PO4 with the addition of MMT. Li3PO4 samples were prepared through a solid-state reaction, which was then mixed with MMT, which had a composition ranging from 5 wt% to 20 wt%, and 1 wt% PVDF as a binder. This characterization was conducted with structural, morphological, and electrochemical aspects. The structural test showed that the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern was dominated by Li3PO4 peaks and MMT aluminosilicates. The electrochemical characterization indicated that the conductivity value of the composites was greater than that of Li3PO4. The highest conductivity was achieved with a 15 wt% MMT addition, with a dielectric-constant value of 74.9 at a frequency of 10 kHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naleh fish Barbonymus sp. is a commercial freshwater fish, which is indigenous to Aceh, Indonesia. The population of this species has declined over the years as a result of habitat perturbations and overfishing. Hence, the crucial need to develop a cryopreservation method to support breeding programs. This involved the use of a cryoprotectant as an important component. The objective of this study, therefore, was to explore the best cryoprotectant for naleh fish spermatozoa, and a total of five types were tested. These include the DMSO, Methanol, Ethanol, Glycerol, and Ethylene Glycol at a similar concentration of 10%, which were individually combined with 15% egg yolk, and every treatment was performed in three replications. Conversely, Ringer’s solution was adopted as an extender, and the sperm was cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for 15 days. The results showed significant influence on sperm motility and viability, as well as egg fertility of naleh fish (P