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The 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel (MSS) is a widely utilized type of steel, particularly in the manufacturing of surgical instruments and machine tools. MIG welding, also known as Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), is a well-established process that is used to join stainless steel materials. In this study, the MIG welding process was performed on 3mm thick 420 MSS work pieces using the same material as filler metal, with the aim of finding the optimized parameters for welding. To achieve this goal, three different levels of welding parameters were used in the experiment. After the welding process was completed, the resulting weld coupons were cut into smaller samples for examination. The geometry of the weld beads was then analysed using a stereo microscope. The findings from this analysis were used to validate the optimized parameters for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) by following a commonly used rule of thumb for weld bead geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Botryococcus braunii is an oleaginous green algae with the distinctive property of accumulating high quantities of hydrocarbons per dry weight in its colonies. Large variation in colony structure exists, yet its implications and influence of oil distribution and diffusion dynamics are not known and could not be answered due to lack of suitable in vivo methods. This publication seeks to further the understanding on oil dynamics, by investigating naturally relevant large (700-1500μm) and extra-large (1500-2500μm) sized colonies of Botryococcus braunii (race B, strain Showa) in vivo, using a comprehensive approach of chemical shift selective imaging, chemical shift imaging and spin echo diffusion measurements at high magnetic field (17.6T). Hydrocarbon distribution in large colonies was found to be localised in two concentric oil layers with different thickness and concentration. Extra-large colonies were highly unstructured and oil was spread throughout colonies, but with large local variations. Interestingly, fluid channels were observed in extra-large colonies. Diffusion-weighted MRI revealed a strong correlation between colony heterogeneity, oil distribution, and diffusion dynamics in different parts of Botryococcus colonies. Differences between large and extra-large colonies were characterised by using T2 weighted MRI along with relaxation measurements. Our result, therefore, provides first non-invasive MRI means to obtain spatial information on oil distribution and diffusion dynamics in Botryococcus braunii colonies.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the Internet toward dental treatment among the general population. Background: Over the past few years, there has been a significant interest among health practitioners, researchers, and health centers in utilizing social networking sites for health-related purposes. Social media (SM) platforms have also proven to be effective in reaching out to a wider range of individuals, including those who may not have been previously considered interested in oral health. This study aimed in assessing the influence of the Internet toward dental treatment. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey that involved 434 individuals from the general population. A self-structured questionnaire consisting of 20 closed-ended questions was used to gather data. The questions were created through an online Google Form, and it was circulated among the study participants through online mode. With the use of the statistical analysis tool SPSS software version 23.0, the data were systematically collected. Results: In our study, students made up the majority of the study participants (58%), followed by those with independent employment (23%) and those with private employment (18%). The participants were requested to indicate their preferred dental treatment option from the following list. Among the participants, more than 41% said they would go to a dental office, 31% said they would search online to compare their dental symptoms, and 24% said they would try home remedies. Conclusion: The Internet as a web of social networking has become incumbent on health professionals to promote information by the most effective means. Based on the present findings, there is a possibility for dental practices to enhance patient interaction and engagement by adopting a more proactive approach toward SM. This could potentially lead to increased patient involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between dental anomalies and blood group. Background: Dental anomaly is defined as a development disorder in which the defect appears to be different or noticeably variant from the normal form. The correlation between dental anomalies with blood group is well documented; however, the studies conducted between dental anomalies with blood group are very limited. Hence, this study is conducted to find out any correlation between blood group and dental anomalies. Materials and Methods: The current study was carried out on contract-based workers in Chennai. The study included 120 people (81 men and 39 women). The age range for the participants was 20-60 years. The participants underwent a clinical oral examination after being questioned about conduct and socioeconomic status. Each patient's medical and dental histories were recorded. Results: Out of 120 patients screened, 8 patients were referred with dental defects, 5 patients referred with developmental dental anomalies, and 4 patients referred with soft-tissue defects. It was found that the blood group of the patients with soft-tissue defects is found to be O positive, while patients with developmental abnormalities were found to be A positive and patients with blood group with dental defects were found to be B positive. Conclusion: Dental anomalies are clinically evident abnormalities. Dental anomalies can cause diseases as well as esthetic issues. To identify the problem and provide the right treatment, a thorough examination and pertinent investigations are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]