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The utilisation of serological surveillance methods for malaria has the potential to identify individuals exposed to Plasmodium vivax , including asymptomatic carriers. However, the application of serosurveillance varies globally, including variations in methodology and transmission context. No systematic review exists describing the advantages and disadvantages of utilising serosurveillance in various settings. Collation and comparison of these results is a necessary first step to standardise and validate the use of serology for the surveillance of P. vivax in specific transmission contexts. A scoping review was performed of P. vivax serosurveillance applications globally. Ninety-four studies were found that met predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies were examined to determine the advantages and disadvantages of serosurveillance experienced in each study. If studies reported seroprevalence results, this information was also captured. Measurement of antibodies serves as a proxy by which individuals exposed to P. vivax may be indirectly identified, including those with asymptomatic infections, which may be missed by other technologies. Other thematic advantages identified included the ease and simplicity of serological assays compared to both microscopy and molecular diagnostics. Seroprevalence rates varied widely from 0-93%. Methodologies must be validated across various transmission contexts to ensure the applicability and comparability of results. Other thematic disadvantages identified included challenges with species cross-reactivity and determining changes in transmission patterns in both the short- and long-term. Serosurveillance requires further refinement to be fully realised as an actionable tool. Some work has begun in this area, but more is required.

Background:: Isotretinoin is a synthetic analog of vitamin A. Recent studies support a role for retinoic acid in the recovery of olfactory function following injury in mice., Objective:: This study aimed at determining the effect of isotretinoin on olfactory function in patients who have acne and are otherwise healthy., Methods:: Forty-five patients (aged 25-40 years) with acne were included in the study. All patients underwent a rhinological examination. Olfactory function was assessed by the Sniffin' Sticks Test. The test was assessed at baseline and in the third month of isotretinoin treatment., Results:: Isotretinoin improved the performance of patients in the olfactory test. The SST score increased from 8.7±1.09 to 9.5±1.19 (p<0.001), prevalence of hyposmia decreased from 40% to 24% and normosmia increased from 60% to 75% (p=0.059). The percentage of patients whose olfactory function was categorized as "good" increased from 6% to 21.3%. This increase was statistically significant (p<0.05)., Study Limitations:: Absence of a control group is one of the limitations of this study. Also, we did not evaluate patients with smell test after stopping isotretinoin treatment., Conclusion:: We examined the effect of systemic isotretinoin on olfactory function. It can be concluded from the present investigation that isotretinoin therapy improves the sense of smell.

Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is an uncommon, autosomal, recessively inherited disorder. It is typically characterized by hoarseness from early infancy, together with various cutaneous manifestations such as waxy papules, acneiform scarring, and eyelid beading. A 42-year-old woman was admitted to our dermatology outpatient clinic complaining of rigidity of the oral mucosa and limitation in tongue movement. She also had a burning sensation and decreased taste perception in the mouth while eating, as well as hoarseness of voice. She was diagnosed with lipoid proteinosis. The typical cutaneous manifestations of LP include waxy yellow papules with generalized skin thickening on the face, extremities, and trunk. Here we report a case with significant mucosal involvement but less skin involvement.