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4. Latent Structure of Executive Functioning/Learning Tasks in the CogState Computerized Battery

Author

Nordenswan, Elisabeth, Kataja, Eeva-Leena, Deater-Deckard, Kirby, Korja, Riikka, Karrasch, Mira, Laine, Matti, Karlsson, Linnea, and Karlsson, Hasse

Abstract

This study tested whether executive functioning (EF)/learning tasks from the CogState computerized test battery show a unitary latent structure. This information is important for the construction of composite measures on these tasks for applied research purposes. Based on earlier factor analytic research, we identified five CogState tasks that have been labeled as EF/learning tasks and examined their intercorrelations in a new sample of Finnish birth cohort mothers (N = 233). Using confirmatory factor analyses, we compared two single-factor EF/learning models. The first model included the recommended summative scores for each task. The second model exchanged summative scores for first test round results for the three tasks providing these data, as initial task performance is expected to load more heavily on EF. A single-factor solution provided a good fit for the present five EF/learning tasks. The second model, which was hypothesized to tap more onto EF, had slightly better fit indices, X[superscript 2](5) = 1.37, p = 0.93, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.02, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.00, 90% CI = [0.00-0.03], comparative fit index (CFI) = 1.00, and more even factor loadings (0.30-0.56) than the first model, X[superscript 2](5) = 4.56, p = 0.47, SRMR = 0.03, RMSEA = 0.00, 90% CI = [0.00-0.09], CFI = 1.00, factor loadings (0.20-0.74), which was hypothesized to tap more onto learning. We conclude that the present CogState sum scores can be used for studying EF/learning in healthy adult samples, but call for further research to validate these sum scores against other EF tests.

Published
2020
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10. Factor structure and clinical applicability of new semantic tasks in Alzheimer's disease and aphasia.

Author

Luotonen, Ida, Karrasch, Mira, Korpilahti, Pirjo, and Renvall, Kati

Subjects
*FACTOR structure, *ALZHEIMER'S disease, *APHASIA, *APHASIC persons, *OLDER people, *TASK performance
Abstract

Semantic tasks are frequently used when examining language functions in patients with acquired disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aphasia. Little is known about the possible covariation between different types of tasks or their factor structure in healthy adults. Additionally, few studies have examined semantic task performances in different patient groups. The aims of this data-driven study were to examine the factor structure in a wide range of semantic tasks in healthy older adults, the possible differences in factor variables between healthy controls, patients with AD and patients with stroke aphasia, as well as the clinical applicability of tasks in differentiating the two patient groups from controls. Participants included 59 healthy older adults, 13 patients with AD and 14 patients with aphasia. The results indicated a four-factor solution for the semantic task variables: (1) the Semantic association factor, (2) the Time factor, (3) the Verbal factor and (4) the Synonym factor. The Verbal factor was the only distinguishing factor between the two patient groups. Three factors reliably discriminated between the controls and the AD patients, and the Verbal factor reliably discriminated between the controls and the aphasia patients. In addition, a few single task variables showed outstanding discrimination for both patient groups. This study supports the notions of semantic tasks tapping into more than one cognitive subcomponent and a more general semantic impairment in AD than in aphasia. In clinical assessment, choosing appropriate semantic tasks is crucial in order to reliably detect the characteristics of the impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Additional file 1 of APOE ε4 gene dose effect on imaging and blood biomarkers of neuroinflammation and beta-amyloid in cognitively unimpaired elderly

Author

Snellman, Anniina, Ekblad, Laura L., Tuisku, Jouni, Koivumäki, Mikko, Ashton, Nicholas J., Lantero-Rodriguez, Juan, Karikari, Thomas K., Helin, Semi, Bucci, Marco, Löyttyniemi, Eliisa, Parkkola, Riitta, Karrasch, Mira, Schöll, Michael, Zetterberg, Henrik, Blennow, Kaj, and Rinne, Juha O.

Abstract

Additional file 1: eTable 1. Data availability for all variables. eTable 2. Demographics stratified by Aβ positivity. eTable 3. Regional TSPO binding in Aβ+ and Aβ- participants. eFigure 1. Voxel-level differences in 11C-PiB binding between (A) APOE ε4 homozygotes and non-carriers, and (B) APOE ε4 homozygotes and APOE ε4 heterozygotes. eFigure 2. Interaction between Aβ status and APOE ε4 gene dose on regional 11C-PK11195 binding.

Published
2023
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13. APOE ε4 gene dose effect on imaging and blood biomarkers of glial reactivity and β-amyloid pathology

Author

Snellman, Anniina, primary, Ekblad, Laura L., additional, Tuisku, Jouni, additional, Koivumäki, Mikko, additional, Ashton, Nicholas J., additional, Lantero-Rodriguez, Juan, additional, Karikari, Thomas K., additional, Helin, Semi, additional, Bucci, Marco, additional, Löyttyniemi, Eliisa, additional, Parkkola, Riitta, additional, Karrasch, Mira, additional, Schöll, Michael, additional, Zetterberg, Henrik, additional, Blennow, Kaj, additional, and Rinne, Juha O., additional

Published
2022
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14. Cognitive Performance at Time of AD Diagnosis: A Clinically Augmented Register-Based Study

Author

Alenius, Minna, primary, Hokkanen, Laura, additional, Koskinen, Sanna, additional, Hallikainen, Ilona, additional, Hänninen, Tuomo, additional, Karrasch, Mira, additional, Raivio, Minna M., additional, Laakkonen, Marja-Liisa, additional, Krüger, Johanna, additional, Suhonen, Noora-Maria, additional, Kivipelto, Miia, additional, and Ngandu, Tiia, additional

Published
2022
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16. ASIC-E4: Interplay of Beta-Amyloid, Synaptic Density and Neuroinflammation in Cognitively Normal Volunteers With Three Levels of Genetic Risk for Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease – Study Protocol and Baseline Characteristics

Author

Snellman, Anniina, primary, Ekblad, Laura L., additional, Koivumäki, Mikko, additional, Lindgrén, Noora, additional, Tuisku, Jouni, additional, Perälä, Merja, additional, Kallio, Lila, additional, Lehtonen, Riina, additional, Saunavaara, Virva, additional, Saunavaara, Jani, additional, Oikonen, Vesa, additional, Aarnio, Richard, additional, Löyttyniemi, Eliisa, additional, Parkkola, Riitta, additional, Karrasch, Mira, additional, Zetterberg, Henrik, additional, Blennow, Kaj, additional, and Rinne, Juha O., additional

Published
2022
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17. Education-Based Cutoffs for Cognitive Screening of Alzheimer’s Disease

Author

Alenius, Minna, primary, Ngandu, Tiia, additional, Koskinen, Sanna, additional, Hallikainen, Ilona, additional, Hänninen, Tuomo, additional, Karrasch, Mira, additional, Kivipelto, Miia, additional, Raivio, Minna M., additional, Laakkonen, Marja-Liisa, additional, Krüger, Johanna, additional, Suhonen, Noora-Maria, additional, and Hokkanen, Laura, additional

Published
2022
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23. Maternal Executive Functioning, Emotional Availability and Psychological Distress During Toddlerhood: A FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study

Author

Nordenswan, Elisabeth, primary, Deater-Deckard, Kirby, additional, Karrasch, Mira, additional, Laine, Matti, additional, Kataja, Eeva-Leena, additional, Holmberg, Eeva, additional, Eskola, Eeva, additional, Hakanen, Hetti, additional, Karlsson, Hasse, additional, Karlsson, Linnea, additional, and Korja, Riikka, additional

Published
2021
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24. A European multicentre PET study of fibrillar amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease

Author

Nordberg, Agneta, Carter, Stephen F., Rinne, Juha, Drzezga, Alexander, Brooks, David J., Vandenberghe, Rik, Perani, Daniela, Forsberg, Anton, Långström, Bengt, Scheinin, Noora, Karrasch, Mira, Någren, Kjell, Grimmer, Timo, Miederer, Isabelle, Edison, Paul, Okello, Aren, Van Laere, Koen, Nelissen, Natalie, Vandenbulcke, Mathieu, Garibotto, Valentina, Almkvist, Ove, Kalbe, Elke, Hinz, Rainer, and Herholz, Karl

Published
2013
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26. Factor structure and clinical applicability of new semantic tasks in Alzheimer’s disease and aphasia

Author

Luotonen, Ida, Karrasch, Mira, Korpilahti, Pirjo, and Renvall, Kati

Subjects
behavioral disciplines and activities
Abstract

Semantic tasks are frequently used when examining language functions in patients with acquired disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and aphasia. Little is known about the possible covariation between different types of tasks or their factor structure in healthy adults. Additionally, few studies have examined semantic task performances in different patient groups. The aims of this data-driven study were to examine the factor structure in a wide range of semantic tasks in healthy older adults, the possible differences in factor variables between healthy controls, patients with AD and patients with stroke aphasia, as well as the clinical applicability of tasks in differentiating the two patient groups from controls. Participants included 59 healthy older adults, 13 patients with AD and 14 patients with aphasia. The results indicated a four-factor solution for the semantic task variables: (1) the Semantic association factor, (2) the Time factor, (3) the Verbal factor and (4) the Synonym factor. The Verbal factor was the only distinguishing factor between the two patient groups. Three factors reliably discriminated between the controls and the AD patients, and the Verbal factor reliably discriminated between the controls and the aphasia patients. In addition, a few single task variables showed outstanding discrimination for both patient groups. This study supports the notions of semantic tasks tapping into more than one cognitive subcomponent and a more general semantic impairment in AD than in aphasia. In clinical assessment, choosing appropriate semantic tasks is crucial in order to reliably detect the characteristics of the impairment.

Published
2021
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29. Differences in brain changes between adults with childhood‐onset epilepsy and controls: A prospective population‐based study.

Author

Sillanpää, Matti, Hermann, Bruce, Rinne, Juha O., Parkkola, Riitta, Saarinen, Maiju M., Karrasch, Mira, Saunavaara, Jani, Rissanen, Eero, Joutsa, Juho, and Shinnar, Shlomo

Subjects
EPILEPSY, PARTIAL epilepsy, LONGITUDINAL method, WHITE matter (Nerve tissue), BLOOD pressure, VOCATIONAL education
Abstract

Purpose: To determine the impact of childhood‐onset uncomplicated epilepsy (COE) on brain aging over 50‐year prospective follow‐up. Methods: A population‐based cohort of 41 aging subjects with COE and their 46 matched controls participated in a detailed in‐person prospective assessment in 2012 and 2017 to characterize ongoing changes in the aging brain. Results: The mean age of the COE participants was 63.2 years (SD 4.14, median 63.2, range 55.8–70.6) and 63.0 years (mean, SD 4.13, median 63.3, range 56.0–69.9) years for controls. Neurologic signs were significantly more common in COE participants not in remission (p =.015), and the most frequent abnormalities were cerebellar signs (p <.001). Neurologic signs in general (p =.008) and cerebellar signs in particular (p =.018) were significantly more common in focal than in generalized epilepsies. MRI white matter abnormalities were significantly associated with absence of vocational education (p =.011), and MRI hippocampal atrophy in COE subjects was associated with arterial hypertension versus normal blood pressure (p =.017). In the combined study cohort of COE subjects and controls, presenting neurologic signs increased both in the subjects and in the controls from the 2012 to 2017 study. Conclusions: At ultra‐long‐term follow‐up, clinical and neuroimaging findings show tendencies to brain aging that is more accelerated in COE participants with active adult childhood‐onset epilepsy, and particularly in focal epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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35. Midlife Insulin Resistance as a Predictor for Late-Life Cognitive Function and Cerebrovascular Lesions

Author

Toppala, Sini, Ekblad, Laura L., Lötjönen, Jyrki, Helin, Semi, Hurme, Saija, Johansson, Jarkko, Jula, Antti, Karrasch, Mira, Koikkalainen, Juha, Laine, Hanna, Parkkola, Riitta, Viitanen, Matti, Rinne, Juha O., Toppala, Sini, Ekblad, Laura L., Lötjönen, Jyrki, Helin, Semi, Hurme, Saija, Johansson, Jarkko, Jula, Antti, Karrasch, Mira, Koikkalainen, Juha, Laine, Hanna, Parkkola, Riitta, Viitanen, Matti, and Rinne, Juha O.

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) increases the risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but not for AD neuropathology. The association between T2DM and AD is assumed to be mediated through vascular mechanisms. However, insulin resistance (IR), the hallmark of T2DM, has been shown to associate with AD neuropathology and cognitive decline. Objective: To evaluate if midlife IR predicts late-life cognitive performance and cerebrovascular lesions (white matter hyperintensities and total vascular burden), and whether cerebrovascular lesions and brain amyloid load are associated with cognitive functioning. Methods: This exposure-to-control follow-up study examined 60 volunteers without dementia (mean age 70.9 years) with neurocognitive testing, brain 3T-MRI and amyloid-PET imaging. The volunteers were recruited from the Finnish Health 2000 survey (n = 6062) to attend follow-up examinations in 2014–2016 according to their insulin sensitivity in 2000 and their APOE genotype. The exposure group (n = 30) had IR in 2000 and the 30 controls had normal insulin sensitivity. There were 15 APOE ɛ4 carriers per group. Statistical analyses were performed with multivariable linear models. Results: At follow-up the IR+group performed worse on executive functions (p = 0.02) and processing speed (p = 0.007) than the IR- group. The groups did not differ in cerebrovascular lesions. No associations were found between cerebrovascular lesions and neurocognitive test scores. Brain amyloid deposition associated with slower processing speed. Conclusion: Midlife IR predicted poorer executive functions and slower processing speed, but not cerebrovascular lesions. Brain amyloid deposition was associated with slower processing speed. The association between midlife IR and late-life cognition might not be mediated through cerebrovascular lesions measured here.

Published
2019
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37. Midlife Insulin Resistance as a Predictor for Late-Life Cognitive Function and Cerebrovascular Lesions

Author

Toppala, Sini, primary, Ekblad, Laura L., additional, Lötjönen, Jyrki, additional, Helin, Semi, additional, Hurme, Saija, additional, Johansson, Jarkko, additional, Jula, Antti, additional, Karrasch, Mira, additional, Koikkalainen, Juha, additional, Laine, Hanna, additional, Parkkola, Riitta, additional, Viitanen, Matti, additional, and Rinne, Juha O., additional

Published
2019
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44. Domain-specific cognitive effects of white matter pathology in old age, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

Author

Kaskikallio, Alar, Karrasch, Mira, Rinne, Juha O., Tuokkola, Terhi, Parkkola, Riitta, and Grönholm-Nyman, Petra

Subjects
*MILD cognitive impairment, *ALZHEIMER'S disease, *OLD age, *UNILATERAL neglect, *PATHOLOGY, *OLDER people
Abstract

Concomitant white matter (WM) brain pathology is often present in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cognitive effects of WM pathology on cognition in normal and pathological aging have been studied, but very little is known about possible group-specific effects in old age, MCI and AD. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between WM pathology and cognitive functioning in four cognitive domains in old age, MCI and AD. The study utilized multi-domain neuropsychological data and visually rated MRI imaging data from a sample of 56 healthy older adults, 40 patients with MCI and 52 patients with AD (n = 148). After controlling for age and education, main effects of frontal WM pathology (especially in the left hemisphere) were found for cognitive performances in two domains, whereas a main effect of parieto-occipital WM pathology was only found for processing speed. In addition, with regard to processing speed, an interaction between group and WM changes was found: Patients with AD that had moderate or severe left frontal WM pathology were considerably slower than patients with AD that had milder cerebrovascular pathology. Frontal WM pathology, especially in the left hemisphere, seems to affect cognitive functions in many domains in all three groups. The results of the study increase our knowledge of cognitive repercussions stemming from frontal and/or parieto-occipital WM pathology in AD. Clinicians should be aware that patients with AD with prominent frontal cerebrovascular pathology can have considerably slowed cognitive processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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