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Denna kvalitativa studie undersöker utrikesfödda kvinnors nätverksskapande och arbetsmarknadsetablering med utgångspunkt i socialt kapital och intersektionalitet. Målgruppen för studien är irakiska och finska kvinnor som har invandrat till Sverige i vuxen ålder, har anställning samt befinner sig mellan 27–35 år. Tidigare forskning visar att utrikesfödda har sämre förutsättningar att etablera sig på arbetsmarknaden samt har mindre socialt kapital. Av den anledningen undersöktes problemområdet genom följande frågeställningar: ”Vilka nätverk har studiens informanter i Sverige och hur använder de sig av dessa för arbetsmarknadsetablering?” samt “Hur upplever informanterna att deras ålder, kön och etnicitet har påverkat deras arbetsmarknadsetablering i Sverige?”. Studiens analysform är innehållsanalys i kombination med egonätverk-analys. Resultatet har visat att nätverk och socialt kapital är viktigt för arbetsmarknadsetablering samt även visat två skillnader mellan målgrupperna: 1. De finska informanterna hade mer socialt kapital i sina nätverk än de irakiska informanterna. 2. Det har tagit betydligt längre tid för de irakiska informanterna att etablera sig på arbetsmarknaden. Detta tyder på att socialt kapital värderas olika beroende på etnicitet och ursprung. Utifrån intersektionalitet betyder det att de irakiska informanterna har en mer utsatt position på arbetsmarknaden jämfört med de finska informanterna., This qualitative study examines foreign-born women's networking and establishment in the labor market based on social capital and intersectionality. The target group for the study is Iraqi and Finnish women between 27–35 years old who have immigrated to Sweden in adulthood and are employed. Previous research shows that foreign-born people have weaker opportunities to establish themselves in the labor market and have less social capital. For this reason, the problem area was investigated through the following research questions: "What networks do the study's informants have in Sweden and how they use them to establish themselves in the labor market?” and "How do the informants experience that their age, gender and ethnicity have affected their labor market establishment in Sweden?". The analysis form of the study is content analysis in combination with ego network analysis. The results have shown that networks and social capital are important for labor market establishment and have also shown two differences between the target groups: 1. The Finnish informants had more social capital in their networks than the Iraqi informants. 2. It has taken the Iraqi informants much longer to establish themselves in the labor market. This indicates that social capital is valued differently depending on ethnicity and origin. Based on intersectionality, this means that the Iraqi informants have a more vulnerable position in the labor market compared with the Finnish informants.

As the venture capital industry has grown and become ever more significant it has attracted an increasing amount of attention among scholars. However, the internationalization of venture capital exits has so far not been in the focus of academic studies. This thesis contributes to filling this gap by studying the impact and determinants of success of cross-border exits from venture capital investments. It focuses on the domain of growth oriented entrepreneurship and technological innovation in countries with small home markets. The thesis takes the view of the ventures, the venture capitalists that finance and support them, and society as a whole. The thesis approaches the problem using two interlinked studies: A quantitative study on European venture capital backed portfolio firms exited 1995-2004 and case studies on four Finnish venture capital backed high-technology firms exited 2000-2004. The results show that cross-border trade sales generate higher returns than domestic ones. An important underlying reason for this is that large multinational acquirers buy emerging high-technology firms because they can cheaply multiply the technologies created by them. They do this using their existing structures, e.g. manufacturing facilities. The products/services are then distributed using existing distribution channels, which are expensive to build but cheap to use once they exist. Cross-border trade sales and their higher valuations are driven by a lack of domestic companies with the required size active in the relevant industries. Cross-border trade sales are, thus, beneficial for portfolio firms as technologies that are not commercialized swiftly are likely to be bypassed by other technologies in the fast paced high-technology industries. Furthermore, due to the venture capital cycle, cross-border trade sales are crucial also because past exit success has a strong correlation with a venture capital firm's ability to raise future funds and thus stay in the business of v