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Aim. To assess the hemodynamic status by transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) with different comorbidities before and after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Materials and methods. 66 patients with IHD (40 men and 26 women) aged 53 to 77 years who were admitted for planned CABG were examined. The patients were divided into three groups according to the comorbidity: cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic. The first comorbidity was represented by a combination of IHD and multifocal atherosclerosis, the second – by IHD and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the third – by IHD and metabolic syndrome (MS). All patients underwent CABG with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded by the TPTD method using the Pulsion Picco Plus module (Germany) at 3 stages: after the start of mechanical ventilation (stage I), after the completion of cardiopulmonary bypass (stage II), and 24 hours after CABG (stage III).Results. The patients with IHD with different comorbidities differed in characteristic signs of hemodynamic changes. In IHD with comorbid COPD, after withdrawal from the cardiopulmonary bypass and 24 hours after CABG, the highest index of systemic vascular resistance, the minimum values of the global ejection fraction, and a decrease in the global end-diastolic volume and pulmonary blood volume less noticeable compared with other groups of patients were noted. With comorbid respiratory and metabolic disorders, the maximum values for the indices of extravascular lung water and pulmonary vascular permeability were recorded. In the patients with a comorbid cardiovascular disease, hemodynamic and volume status violations in the dynamic follow-up were less pronounced.Conclusion. The use of the TPTD method in patients with IHD before and after CABG makes it possible to specify the functional state of the circulatory system in different comorbidities, which increases the effectiveness of risk stratification and the accuracy of predicting possible complications.

Aim To study the effect of arterial hypertension (AH) in combination with frequent alcohol consumption on the formation of risk for cardiovascular death and all-cause death according to results of a 27-year prospective cohort study.Material and methods This 27‑year prospective cohort study of an unorganized population of the Tomsk city (1546 people aged 20–59 years, including 630 men and 916 women) investigated AH prevalence and alcohol consumption (1988–1991) and analyzed the predictive significance of the effect of AH in combination with frequent alcohol consumption on the formation of risk for all-cause and cardiovascular death. AH was diagnosed at blood pressure ≥140 / 90 mm Hg. Frequent alcohol users were defined as those who consumed alcohol more than once a week.Results The combination of AH and frequent alcohol consumption increased the risk of all-cause death 4.1 times compared to that for persons without these risk factors (pConclusion A combination of AH with frequent alcohol consumption considerably increases the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death. Frequent alcohol consumption significantly impairs the prediction of 27-year survival for persons with AH by additionally (1.9 times) increasing the risk of all-cause death. Binary AH combinations with frequent alcohol consumption exert a more pronounced adverse effect on young men and women.

To study interconnections between epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EATt), parameters of glucose metabolism/insulin, C-reactive protein (hsCRP), serum adipokines and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) depending on the presence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM 2); to determine significant markers of CAD severity in patients with DM 2.The study involved 106 patients with CAD (m/f 64/42, 60.96.8 years), including patients with DM 2 (group 1, n=35) and non-diabetic patients (group 2, n=71). Severity of CAD was evaluated according to angiography data with calculation of Gensini Score (GS). EATt was assessed via echocardiography. Serum levels of glucose/insulin metabolism parameters, lipid fractions, hsCRP and adipokines were evaluated. Clinical parameters, including GS, did not differ between groups.EAT thickness median was elevated in gr.1 (5.1 mm vs. 4.4 mm in group 2), while adiponectin levels were decreased (6.55 g/ml vs. 7.71 g/ml). Linear regression of body mass index and resistin levels on EATt was revealed in gr.1; in gr.2 EATt linearly increased with waist circumference increment when EATt6 mm. Linear regression of EATt on GS was revealed in gr.1 when EATt8 mm, while linear regression in the whole GS range was obtained for HDL-C and hsCRP levels.Study results demonstrate differences in mechanisms of deposition and functioning of epicardial and abdominal adipose tissue depending on the presence or absence of diabetic status. Patients with DM2 are characterized by the excessive EAT deposition and decrease of serum adiponectin levels compared to non-diabetic patients in the equal conditions. Independent markers of CAD severity in DM 2 are decreased HDL-C and increased hsCRP levels, but not EATt.Цель. Изучить взаимосвязи толщины эпикардиальной жировой ткани (тЭЖТ), показателей обмена глюкозы/инсулина, высокочувствительного С-реактивного белка (вчСРБ), адипокинов крови c выраженностью коронарного атеросклероза у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца в зависимости от наличия сахарного диабета 2-го типа (СД 2); установить значимые маркеры тяжести коронарного атеросклероза у пациентов с заболеванием. Материалы и методы. Включили 106 пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца (м/ж 64/42, 60,96,8 года), из них 35 с СД 2 (1-я группа) и 71 без заболевания (2-я группа). Оценивали выраженность коронарного атеросклероза по данным ангиографии с расчетом GS, измеряли тЭЖТ с помощью эхокардиографии, определяли содержание в крови показателей глюкозы/инсулина, липидных фракций, вчСРБ и адипокинов. Пациенты не имели различий по основным клиническим показателям, включая индекс GS. Результаты. В 1-й группе медианы тЭЖТ были выше, чем во 2-й, 5,1 мм против 4,4 мм, содержание адипонектина ниже 6,55 мкг/мл против 7,71 мкг/мл. В 1-й группе установлена линейная регрессия индекса массы тела и уровня резистина на тЭЖТ, во 2-й при тЭЖТ6 мм ее линейный рост с увеличением окружности талии. В 1-й группе линейная регрессия тЭЖТ на GS получена при тЭЖТ8 мм, на весь диапазон GS она установлена для холестерина липопротеинов высокой плотности и вчСРБ. Заключение. Объективизированы различия механизмов накопления и биологического функционирования эпикардиальной и абдоминальной жировой ткани в зависимости от наличия или отсутствия диабетического статуса. В таких условиях для пациентов с СД 2 характерны выраженное накопление эпикардиальной жировой ткани, снижение уровня адипонектина крови. Независимыми маркерами тяжести коронарного атеросклероза у пациентов с заболеванием являются сниженное содержание в крови холестерина липопротеинов высокой плотности и повышенный уровень вчСРБ, но не тЭЖТ.

The aim to study was to assess Strain of papillary muscles (PM) and their apical displacement with 3D mitral valve (MV) parameters with maximal size of gradient of obstruction in the left ventricle outflow tract (LVOFT) and the volume of mitral regurgitation (MR) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) patients. Material and methods. 72 HCMP patients (aged of 56.9 ± 11.1 years and gradient in LVOFT 70.83 ± 14.83 mm Hg at rest) were investigated. 3D TEE of MV was performed in all patients with follow up reconstruction. Strain of anterolateral (AL) and posteromedial (PM) papillary muscles (PM) was assess by TTE. Results Strain of both PM was decreased in 45 (62.5)% patients. Positive Strain PM PM were found in 20 (27.8%) patients and AL PM -in 7 (9.7%) patients. Apical displacement of PM PM were registered in 19 (38.0%) pts and ALPM in 6 (12.0%) pts. Apical displacement of both papillary muscles was found in 10 (20.0%) patients. Pts with positive Strain of PM PM had remodeling fibrous ring of MV as compared to patients who had negative Strain of this PM (anteroposterior diameter - 1.97 ± 0.23 sm/m² vs 1.63 ± 0.20sm/m²; p = 0, 01; the perimeter of the ring - 6.92 ± 0.69 sm/m2 vs 6.09 ± 0.93sm/m2; p = 0.02; the area of the ring (3D) - 6.91 ± 1.23sm²/m² vs 5,14 ± 1.31 sm²/m²; p = 0.005). These patients had large areas of the MV leaflets (anterior 4.83 ± 1.03 sm²/m² vs 3.19 ± 0.81 sm² /m² ; p = 0.007; posterior - 4.39 ± 0.42 sm²/m² vs 3.39 ± 1.18 sm²2/m²; p = 0.004), the area of the tenting of leaflets (2.98 ± 1.64 sm²/m² vs 1.24 ± 0.61 sm²/m²; p = 0.04) and the fraction of the tenting (69, 04 ± 24.9% vs 41.27 ± 17.59; p = 0.03). Patients with positive Strain had a greater volume of mitral regurgitation (24.20 ± 11.91 ml vs 14.04 ± 7.58 ml p = 0.004) and the peak gradient in LVOFT was 88.90 ± 37.90 mm Hg vs 66.35 ± 27.00 mm Hg; p = 0.02). Thus, the parameters of 3D MV and strain of PM represent a fixed papillary – annular continuum causing a dynamic component of the obstruction in the LV OT and the volume of mitral regurgitation in patients with HCMP.

Objective: to study cognitive functions and level of proteins of acute brain damage in a group of patients receiving Cerebrolysin, and in a comparison group in the pre- and postoperative period of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Materials and methods. The open-label randomized comparative controlled parallel study included 60 men. The average age in the group of patients receiving the therapy with Cerebrolysin was 61.5 (57÷66) years, and was – 61 (56÷65) years ( р > 0.05) in the comparison group. Results. Groups differed statistically significantly according to the left ventricular ejection fraction: 56 (48÷64) – in the group of comparison, 61 (59÷65) – in the group of patients receiving therapy with Cerebrolysin ( p < 0.05). In the group of patients receiving Cerebrolysin, an increase in score according to MMSE ( р < 0.01) was noted from 25 (24÷27) to 26.2 (24–28) points, and in the group without brain neuroprotection in the preoperative period a decrease in score according the Mini-Mental State Examination was revealed to be from 25.5 (25÷27) to 25 (23÷27) ( р < 0.01). Clinical value of the level of protein S100s as a biological indicator of postoperative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery was ambiguous and required additional research. Conclusion. Brain neuroprotection with use of Cerebrolysin (authors’ schema) promoted not only maintenance but also improvement of cognitive functions and decreased the likelihood of complications in mental activity after coronary artery bypass graft surgery under conditions of artificial circulation and cold cardioplegia, particularly in patients with a high risk for their development.

According to the Russian registry RECORD, the hospital mortality at STEMI in domestic hospitals remains high, which is due to the low frequency of reperfusion measures. There are problems in treatment patients of senile age. Comparative studies of the quality of care for patients with acute coronary syndrome were not conducted in Russia. 489 patients with STEMI, arrived in the first 24 hours from the onset of MI were analyzed. Quality of care for patients with STEMI was evaluated according to the quality criteria of the Association of Emergency Cardiovascular Care of the European Society of Cardiology. To compare the quality of care for patients of different age groups, the endpoints were the frequency of use of TLT and primary PCI, the incidence of cardiogenic shock, pulmonary edema, acute left ventricular aneurysm, and acute psychotic disorders. It is shown that patients with STEMI receive emergency medical care of high quality in adequate time. Elderly STEMI patients are less likely to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention, have more extensive myocardial damage with severe left ventricular failure and acute psychotic disorders, which is associated with a multiple increase in hospital mortality. The most frequent reasons for rejecting PCI were acute mental disorders, multivessel diffuse lesions of the coronary arteries with pronounced calcinosis, small diameter of the artery. It is necessary to develop new devices or techniques for PCI in conditions of severe multivessel lesions of coronary arteries with pronounced calcification, and also develop methods of neuroprotection in order to overcome existing barriers in providing emergency high-tech medical care to elderly STEMI patients.

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Macrophages are key innate immune cells that play a significant role in transition from the inflammatory to the regenerative phase during wound healing following MI. The scavenger receptor stabilin-1 is one of the most interesting macrophage biomarkers. This receptor contributes to wound healing, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. We suggested a research protocol using macrophage biomarkers to study the cellular basis of cardiac remodeling and healing in patients with acute MI. The purpose of the research was to translate experimental knowledge regarding macrophage subsets and their biomarkers in post-infarction myocardial regeneration into results observed in clinical settings. The study included 41 patients with fatal MI type 1. All patients were divided into four groups according to the timeline of MI histopathology. In addition to routine histopathological analysis, macrophage infiltration was assessed by immunohistochemistry. We used CD68 as a marker for the cells of the macrophage lineage and stabilin-1 as an M2-like macrophage biomarker. The number of CD68+ and stabilin-1+ macrophages in the infarct area increased and peaked in the regenerative phase and did not decrease in the late stage of MI. In the peri-infarct area, the number of CD68+ macrophages increased in the inflammatory phase, peaked during the reparative phase, and did not decrease in the late phase, while the number of stabilin-1+ macrophages increased in the regenerative phase and remained unchanged. Additionally, in the reparative phase, we observed increase in the number of CD68+ and stabilin-1+ macrophages in the non-infarct area. The research protocol suggested allowed us to translate experimental knowledge regarding macrophage subsets and their biomarkers in post-infarction myocardial regeneration into clinical data. Taken together, these results demonstrated biphasic cardiac macrophage response following acute MI somewhat similar to that in a murine model. The increase in stabilin-1+ macrophage infiltration noticed in the myocardium during the regenerative phase and the strong positive correlation between the number of these cells and timeline of MI histopathology enabled us to propose stabilin-1 as a diagnostic macrophage biomarker in myocardium wound healing in patients with acute MI.

Background. A major meta-analysis has confirmed the ability of statins to exert both diabetogenic and hyperglycaemic effects. To date, practical recommendations for predicting glucose dynamics during lipid-lowering therapy have not been developed. Aims. Identify the combination of factors that can predict changes in basal glycaemia during 6-month lipid-lowering therapy in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Methods. This study reports on 50 patients with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, and 18 patients with coronary artery disease without disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. Of note, 29 of the 50 diabetic or glucose intolerant patients had documented ischaemic heart disease (stable angina). Patients were randomised into three groups: Gr.1 (n=33, atorvastatin therapy), Gr.2 (n=17, atorvastatin in combination with ezetimibe) and Gr.3 (n=18, rosuvastatin therapy). After treatment for 24 weeks, we assessed lipid profile dynamics, metabolism of glucose/insulin and the HOMA-IR index. Multivariate analysis was then performed to identify factors that predicted increases in basal glycaemia. Results. All of the included patients completed 24 weeks of treatment (N=68). Lipid-lowering effect was significant in all three groups, and overall, target LDL cholesterol level was achieved in 50% of patients (n=34). In Gr.2, basal glucose level increased from 5.5(5.36.6) to 6.3(5.67.8) mmol/l (p=0.0014), which was accompanied by an increase in HOMA-IR (p=0.024). No significant change in basal glycaemia was observed in Grs.1 and 3. Moreover, an increase in the basal glycaemia was observed in 48.5% of patients in Gr.1, 70.6% in Gr.2 and 44.4% in Gr.3. Multivariate discriminant analysis across all patient groups revealed a canonical linear discriminant function that included the following factors: baseline basal glucose levels, total cholesterol levels, triglycerides and ratio of LDL/HDL cholesterol. Sensitivity and specificity of the model accounted for 75%; 51 out of the 68 cases were correctly classified when predicting the dynamics of basal glucose during lipid-lowering therapy. Conclusions. Our data demonstrate the ability to predict the dynamics of the basal glycaemia during lipid-lowering therapy. This may allow for a new way to identify patients at high risk of statin-related increases in glycaemia.

Aim. To study effect of 24-week treatment with lisinopril on blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness in patients with arterial hypertension (HT) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Material and methods. Twenty patients with essential HT grade 1-2 and RA (mean age 60.2±7.9 years) were treated with lisinoprilin 24 weeks in open controlled study. Office blood pressure (BP) was 147.2±9.4/87.5±8.6 mm Hg; 24-h mean BP – 141.8±9.3/82.2±9.6 mm Hg; HT duration was 14.5±9.4 years, and RA duration – 12.3±2.6 years. A high incidence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors was identified: 95% of patients had dyslipidaemia, 45% – obesity, 35% – impaired glucose tolerance. Atherosclerosis of carotid arteries with stenosis less than 25% was diagnosed in 65% of patients. Most patients had a positive rheumatoid factor and cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, as well as moderate RA activity and III-IV radiologic stage of RA. All patients received methotrexate as the basic anti-inflammatory drug, 12 (60%) patients – selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, 6 (30%) patients took corticosteroids equivalent to prednisolone 7.5±5.5 mg per day. Mean dose of lisinopril was 12.2±9.8 mg/day. Office BP measurements, 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), and arterial stiffness evaluation were performed initially and at the end of the study. Arterial stiffness was assessed by cardio-ankle vascular index on the right (R-CAVI) and on the left (L-CAVI). Results. After 24-week therapy with lisinopril office systolic and diastolic BP significantly decreased by 16.0±7.2/11.6±9.1 mm Hg (p

Aim. To evaluate the significance of the right ventricle (RV) myocardium contractility in assessment of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Material and methods. Totally, 80 patients included, with dilation cardiomyopathy (49 males, 31 females), mean age 54±10,5 y.o.), heart failure (HF) of III functional class (FC) by NYHA, ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle (LV) was 30,1±3,8%, 6-minute walking distance — 290,5±64,3 m, end-diastolic volume (EDV) — 220,7±50,9 mL. Stable sinus rhythm was found in 45 patients, and chronic medication resistant atrial fibrillation — in35. In patients, the disorders of intraventricular conduction were found as the His left bundle branch block with QRS width from 146 ms to 240 ms (183±32 ms). Implanting of the resynchronization device was done by standard method for biventricular electrocardiostimulation. Permanent atrial fibrillation patients, as 2nd step, underwent complete atrioventricular block formation. In all patients, by radionuclide equal tomoventriculography, the contractility was studied, of the left and right ventricle myocardium, before CRT and 12 moths post-procedure. Results. Control study was conducted in 1 year; positive clinical dynamics was noticed: FC of HF decreased from III to II. Clinical responders were 69 patients (86,25%), did not respond 11 (13,75%). As the criteria of the “respond” on CRT we used increased 15% and more EF during 12 months. Among the responders, there was positive clinical dynamics: EF of LV increased from 30,1±3,8% to 42,8±4,8% (p≤0,001), LV EDV decreased from 220,7±50,9 to 197,9±47,8 mL (p≤0,005), in nonresponders EF LV remained almost unchanged: from 30,1±3,8% to 33,8±3,8% (p≤0,001), and EDV of LV increased: 220,7±50,9 to 227,8±27,8 mL (p≤0,001). All participants were retrospectively selected into 2 groups: responders and nonresponders on CRT. Radionuclide tomoventriculography was used for the changes for 12 months ofLV and RV contractility investigation. Maximum filling rate and the mean filling velocity during 1/3 of diastole were significantly worse in the 2nd group patients, by 30% and 60%, respectively. Other parameters in the groups did not differ significantly. Conclusion. Hence, the data points on the relation of RV contractility improvement by CRT with positive cardiac resynchronization, together with the improvement of theLV contractility. Resynchronization in severe chronic HF patients, with saved contractility of the right chambers, is more effective, and higher scintigraphical values of maximum filling rate and the mean filling velocity during 1/3 of diastole might be prognosis criteria of positive response on CRT.

Aim To develop models for predicting the risk of target organs damage (TOD) in different phenotypes of “masked” arterial hypertension (MAH) based on methods of machine learning (ML).Material and methods A retrospective cohort analysis was performed for 284 clinical records of patients (261 males, 23 females; median age, 38 years). Group 1 included 125 patients with grade 1-2 arterial hypertension (AH) and low or moderate risk; group 2 included 159 subjects with normal “office” blood pressure (BP) exposed to chronic professional stress. The 24-h BP monitoring (24-h BPM) and ultrasound examination of the heart and carotid arteries were performed; glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the СКD-EPI formula. MAH was phenotyped by clustering 24-h BPM data, and the risk of TOD was predicted by analysis of odd ratios (OR) and with the ML methods, random forest (RF) and artificial neural networks (ANN). Data were analyzed using the R language in the RStudio environment.Results According to results of the 24-h BPM and cluster analysis, 121 (76.1 %) subjects of group 2 had MAH. The MAH phenotypes were identified as follows: systolic-diastolic (SDMAH) (43.8 %); isolated systolic (ISMAH) (35.5 %), and isolated diastolic (IDMAH) (20.7%). As compared to stable AH, subjects with different MAH phenotypes showed both increases and decreases in individual 24-h BPM indexes. Thus, in subjects with IDMAH, mean 24-h values of systolic and diastolic BP were significantly lower than with AH while in SDMAH, they were considerably higher. The OR analysis demonstrated that odds of differently located TOD were associated with definite MAH phenotypes. With that, ISMAH was associated with the highest risk of glomerular hyperfiltration; IDMAH was associated with reduced GFR and vascular remodeling; and SDMAH was associated with left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy. The developed models for predicting the risk of TOD based on the RF and ANN methods showed a high accuracy, which was provided by multistep procedures of selecting the predictors and cross-validation.Conclusion Modern ML technologies enhance the risk stratification of patients with different clinical variants of AH.

Aim. To study the distribution of the type of heart circulation (left- dominant, right- dominant, and mixed (balanced) in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism of fatal and non-fatal outcome. Materials and methods. More than 36,000 case histories, protocols and findings of post-mortem examinations of patients hospitalized in 2003–2012 were subjected to analysis. (ten year period). Statistical processing of the actual material was carried out using the SAS 9 and SPSS 21 software packages. The critical level of significance p for all used procedures of statistical analysis was assumed to be 0.05. Results of the study. The study included 893 cases of pulmonary embolism registered in the data of the case histories and materials of the pathoanatomical studies. Data on the type of heart circulation and a detailed description of the coronary artery atherosclerosis were present in 264 cases: in 171 patients with pulmonary embolism and fatal outcome, and in 93 patients with pulmonary embolism and non-fatal outcome. A clear predominance was found in the group with pulmonary embolism and non-fatal outcome of patients with the right type of heart circulation – 78.5% versus 7% in the group of people who died with pulmonary embolism (p

A study was made to evaluate the prospects of improving the cardiac function by electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve in patients with severe chronic heart failure (CHF). Sympathetic hyperactivity and the cardiac function were evaluated by 24-hour ECG monitoring, echocardiography, and a 6-min walk test. At the time of enrollment into the study, patients had a heart rate (HR) of more than 60 bpm, a left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) of less than 40%, and CHF NYHA functional class (FC) III or IV even with well tolerated medications. Control-group patients (n = 7) did not show significant changes in the functional state of the heart after sham treatment. In the test group (n = 44), a significant increase in LV EF and a decrease in end-systolic volume were induced by electrical pulse stimulation of the auricular branch. A decrease in HR was documented in 34 patients; CHF FC decreased by one or two grades in 40 patients. The changes were assumed to reflect new balance achieved in the autonomic regulation of the heart to contribute to sustaining competence of the myocardium. Electrical pulse stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve was concluded to provide a safe and efficacious addition to drug therapy in patients with severe CHF.

to assess additive diagnostic value of simultaneous evaluation of coronary flow reserve (CFR) in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery and posterior descending artery (PDA) during dipyridamole stress echocardiography (stress-Echo) for detection of LAD and PDA stenoses50%.108 in-patients (mean age 50+/-11 years) with cardiac chest pain underwent dipyridamole stress-Echo with ECG-analysis, wall motion analysis by 2-dimentional imaging (2D) and coronary flow reserve (CFR) evaluation in both LAD and PDA by pulse-wave Doppler. The 2D test was considered positive when more or equal 2 segments demonstrated wall motion abnormalities. CFR was calculated as ratio of hyperemic to basal peak diastolic blood flow velocity. CFR2.0 was considered reduced. Coronary angiography was performed within one week after stress-Echo.34 of 97 patients with CFR in the LAD and wall motion in the LAD territory had LAD stenosis50%, and 22 of 90 patients with evaluated CFR in the PDA and wall motion in the RCA territory had RCA stenosis50%. Thus stenosis50% was detected in 56 of 187 evaluated LAD and RCA. The 2D test and ECG results were positive for 35 arterial territories, reduced CFR - for 48 arteries. With combined evaluation of ECG, 2D test and CFR, accuracy was not significantly higher (80% for ECG+2D test, 82% for CFR and 80% for combined test) but sensitivity and negative predictive value increased (sensitivity: 63% for ECG+2D test, 86% for CFR and 91% for combined test; negative predictive value: 85% for ECG+2D test, 93% for CFR and 95% for combined test).Assessment of CFR in both LAD and PDA is feasible for majority of patients and can increase sensitivity and negative predictive value of dipyridamole stress-Echo for the detection.

Background Control of sympathetic hyperactivity is pivotal for treatment of heart failure (HF) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Our earlier studies demonstrated that the auricular pulsed electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve (VNS) beneficially affected condition of CAD patients with HF. The aim of our study was to evaluate changes in heart rate (HR) and the levels of heat shock proteins in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with CAD in the course of VNS. Methods The study comprised 70 individuals aged 50–68 years with chronic coronary insufficiency, severe left ventricular dysfunction, and NYHA functional class (FC) III–IV HF. Main group included 63 patients who received VNS course (group 1). Control patients (n = 7) received sham therapy (group 2). Results According to the results of 6-minute walk test and 24-hour ECG monitoring, administration of VNS improved clinical condition of 58 of 63 patients, decreased HF FC, and attenuated HR. Clinical condition in sham therapy group did not change. Immunoenzyme method demonstrated that hsp70 and hsp60 contents in peripheral blood lymphocyte lysate increased by 58% and 48% (P 80 bpm. Conclusions Correction of autonomous nervous status by VNS attenuated HR and improved functional state of the heart in CAD patients. Cardiotropic effect of VNS was the most pronounced in patients with preserved endogenous stress-limiting systems associated with hsp60 and/or hsp70.

Endomyocardial biopsy is the gold standard in the diagnosis of myocardial pathology. Intravital study of endomyocardial samples offers the possibility to determine the morphological substrate and etiology of disease, to monitor the effectiveness of treatment. We studied morphological features, viral antigens, macrophages and specifically alternatively activated macrophages in endomyocardial biopsies of 25 patients with idiopathic arrhythmias and heart failure. Immunohistological study was performed to identify type of lymphocytes, macrophages and antigens of cardiotropic viruses. We observed the presence of alternatively activated macrophages in myocardium of patients with myocarditis and without it. We detected the presence of viral antigens in the myocardium of patients with myocardial fibrosis without of histological criteria myocarditis. Small focal infiltration of the myocardial CD68+ macrophages associated with heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias. The presence of virus antigens in myocardium associated with fewer myocardial stabilin-1+ macrophages [negative correlation]. On the other side small focal infiltration of stabilin-1+ macrophages correlated with severity of myocardial interstitial fibrosis [positive correlation]

Background: Heart failure is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Mortality remains high (50%), despite optimal treatment according to the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC). Tremendous evidence has emerged over the past decades that heart failure is associated with inflammation. However, anti-inflammatory therapy widely lacks positive outcomes. Currently, there are no clinical studies investigating the molecular and cellular phenotypes of inflammation in myocardial tissue (viral, viral and autoimmune, and autoimmune types of inflammation) in patients with decompensated chronic heart failure (CHF). Therefore this study aims to develop a new medicinal drugs and approaches to treatment of decompensated CHF. Methods/Design: This open-label, nonrandomized, single-center, prospective trial includes decompensated CHF patients with ischemic systolic dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction < 40%) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)/coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) not earlier than 6 months before hospitalization. This group of patients will receive standard treatment of acute decompensated CHF according to RSC national guidelines and ESC guidelines. All patients will undergo coronary angiography to exclude ischemic etiology of decompensated CHF and endomyocardial biopsy to determine type of inflammation in the myocardium by immunohistochemistry. The following parameters are assessed during hospitalization and at 12-month follow-up: inflammatory infiltrate in the myocardial tissue, incidence of acute myocardial infarction, incidence of cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances, left ventricular ejection fraction, end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, mortality rate, incidence of stroke, and the rates of hospital admission due to the progression of CHF. Discussion: Elucidation of inflammatory infiltrate types in the myocardium and determination of frequency of their occurrences in patients with decompensated CHF and ischemic systolic dysfunction will contribute to the development of new pharmacological approaches to CHF treatment. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02649517; registered on January 5, 2016. Ethics: The study protocol follows the Declaration of Helsinki and has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the authors' institution on April 20, 2015. The study complies with the National Standard of Good Clinical Practice (RF GOST P52379-2005 form April 1, 2006) and with the international guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. Informed consent: Investigators or investigator-authorized officers will be responsible for explaining the objective, content, study procedures, benefits, and risks of participating in the clinical trial to each patient or the patient's legal representative. Written informed consent will be obtained from all patients before the start of the trial.

An antagonist of central cannabinoid CB1 receptors rimonabant causes weight loss in patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome, improves blood lipid parameters, increases the adiponectin level, decreases the rate of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with diabetes mellitustype-2. However, rimonabant adverse effects include depression, anxiety, nausea, and dizziness which are apparently due to the blockade of central CB1 receptors. In mice with a high-calorie diet, we defined that the blockade of peripheral CB1 receptors prevents obesity, steatosis of the liver, improves lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Experimental studies suggest that peripheral CB2 receptor agonists have antiatherogenic effect. To validate the expediency of clinical research of CB2 receptor agonists in patients with atherosclerosis the comparative analysis of antiatherogenic properties of cannabinoids should be performed. In addition, experiments are needed on the combination use of cannabinoids with well-known antiatherogenic agents, such as statins.

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of long-term combined antihypertensive therapy (AHT) based on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers, indapamide and calcium channel blocker (CCB) in hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in accordance with target blood pressure (BP) 150 mm Hg (office) or >134 mmHg (ABPM). Marked beneficial effect on the morphological and functional characteristics of the vascular wall and its elastic properties, improvement of glycemic control, tissue insulin sensitivity and lipids profile were found. These effects were associated mainly with amlodipine inclusion into the therapy. Conclusion. The combined AHT based on RAAS blockers, indapamide SR and CCB provides achievement of target BP in the most of hypertensive patients with DM and accompanied by positive changes in vascular remodeling and metabolism.

Aim To study diagnostic value of myocardial-arterial stiffness (MAS) as a determinant of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) expression in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) with ischemic or postinfarction left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Material and methods We analyzed 6 months prognosis of 54 patients (mean age 61.7+/-8.6 years) with II-III NYHA class CHF divided into 2 groups: (I, n=18) with class II CHF and preserved LV ejection fraction (EF) (55+/-10.4%), (II, n=36) with class III CHF and low LF EF (30.4+/-6.8%). MAS was measured by echocardiography as ratio of arterial elasticity (Ea) and end-systolic elasticity of LV myocardium (Es). Serum NT-proBNP was measured by immunoenzyme assay. Results During 6 months follow-up one group II patient with initial NT-proBNP level 2020 rg/ml died. NT-proBNP level in group I was significantly lower than in group II (313 and 647 rg/ml, respectively). Ea/Es ratio was significantly higher (p=0.001) in group II. Multifactorial analysis demonstrated moderate correlation of NT-proBNP with Ea/Es ratio (r=0.50, p=0.0001) and negative correlation with LVEF (r=-0.45, =0.003) among patients with II-III class CHF. Conclusion As correlation between symptoms and severity of clinical manifestations of ischemic or postinfarction cardiac dysfunction at development of CHF was not high it appears rational to consider MAS estimated by Ea/Es ratio as independent predictor of cardiovascular complications. Sufficiently close correlation between NT-proBNP and Ea/Es ratio allows to improve stratification of risk and to assess objectively prognosis of the disease using easier obtainable parameter Ea/Es in cases when possibility to measure NT-proBNP is not available.

Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) has been described as an accurate technique for noninvasive evaluation of coronary flow reserve (CFR) of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and posterior descending artery (PDA). Aim of this study was to find out whether serial measurement of CFR in LAD and PDA using TTE allows detection of stenosis elimination after intracoronary intervention and is a marker of successful procedure.The study group comprised 14 patients with single-vessel coronary disease (stenosis 82+/-14%) of the LAD (9 patients) or right coronary artery (RCA, 5 patients) scheduled for stent implantation. All patients underwent dipyridamole stress echo with CFR evaluation of either distal LAD or PDA 1 day before and 6-9 days after successful stent implantation. CFR was calculated as the ratio of hyperemic to basal peak diastolic velocity. A CFR value of2.0 was considered abnormal.Adequate Doppler signals to measure CFR were obtained in 13 patients (93%). Abnormal pre-procedure CFR value was revealed in 12 assessed patients (92%). Significant increase of CFR due to a decrease of coronary flow velocity at rest and its more pronounced hyperemic rise was found in all patients after stent implantation (CFR: 1.28+/-0.52 before and 2.53+/-0.37 after stenting; p0.001). Using a cut-off value of CFR more or equal 2.0 to identify absence of significant coronary artery disease, TTE detected successful stent implantation with a sensitivity of 91.7% and specificity of 100% for both LAD and RCA. CFR was still abnormal in only 1 patient with pre-procedure90% LAD stenosis.TTE is a feasible technique for serial CFR evaluation in LAD and PDA. Cut-off CFR value more or equal 2.0 is a sensitive and specific criterion of successful stent implantation in LAD and RCA.

Adverse cardiac remodeling leads to impaired ventricular function and heart failure, remaining a major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with acute myocardial infarction. It have been shown that, even if all the recommended therapies for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction are performed, one third of patients undergoes progressive cardiac remodeling that represents morphological basis for following heart failure. The need to extend our knowledge about factors leading to different clinical scenarios of myocardial infarction and following complications has resulted in a research of immuno-inflammatory pathways and molecular activities as the basis for post-infarction remodeling. Recently, macrophages (cells of the innate immune system) have become a subject of scientific interest under both normal and pathological conditions. Macrophages, besides their role in host protection and tissue homeostasis, play an important role in pathophysiological processes induced by myocardial infarction. In this article we summarize data about the function of monocytes and macrophages plasticity in myocardial infarction and outline potential role of these cells as effective targets to control processes of inflammation, cardiac remodeling and healing following acute coronary event.

Aim The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis suggesting that the pre-intervention levels of proinflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and angiogenic growth factors predict the long-term clinical results of autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell (ABMMC) transplantation in patients with primary ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods and results From 2003 to 2006, a total of 62 patients with primary STEMI were enrolled in an open randomized study registered under the title ESTABOMA. Patients were randomized into two groups: group 1 included patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and ABMMC transplantation (n = 28); group 2 comprised patients treated only with PCI (n = 34). Follow-up study was performed 7.96 ± 0.96 years after STEMI and involved physical examination, six-minute walk test, echocardiography, and determination of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. The total and cardiovascular mortality rates were higher in group 1 compared with group 2: 36% (n = 10) vs. 12% (n = 4) (p = 0.02) and 29% (n = 8) vs. 6% (n = 2) (p = 0.03), respectively. Lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines were observed in group 1 after PCI and ABMMC transplantation. Serum levels of FGF, VEGF, and IL-10, determined before PCI and ABMMC transplantation were prognostically significant long-term indicators of unfavorable course of CAD after STEMI.

The article presents the results of study of arterial stiffness, ankle-brachial index and pulse pressure in adult population of Tomsk in the framework of the project ESSAY RF (Epidemiology of Cardiovascular diseases in the Regions of the Russian Federation). 1379 men and women of 24-64 y.o. were studied by using volumetric sphygmography (VaSera VS-1500, Fukuda Denshi, Japan).The optimal values of CAVI (cardio-ankle vascular index), as a marker of arterial stiffness, were considered in group of relatively healthy persons in russian population. CAVI values in whole studied population were analyzed in comparison with data of other researchers and in association with CVD and CVD risk factors.

Modern data on the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) in the general population are very limited both in Russia and abroad. In this study we investigated the prevalence of CAS using screening ultrasound examination in a random sample of spontaneous population aged 25-64 years in urbanized city of Western Siberia as part of a multicenter observational study ESSE-RF (epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in different regions of the Russian Federation).The CAS prevalence was 36,4% in males and 24,4% in women in the examined population. We determined large variation of atherosclerotic plaques prevalence, depending on the age and gender. The CAS prevalence in creased more intense in males up to 50 years and in women 50 up to 59 years. Men were twice as likely to had been diagnosed CAS than women. The prevalence of CAS associated with amount of narrowing less than 25 and 50% or more in the examined population was 68,5%, and less than 1%, respectively. According to the results of the study we shouldpay great attention to the processes, leading to intensive development of CAS in the population aged 35-44 years, especially in men. The development of effective approaches to the control of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in this age group could be a very appropriate measure for preventing the rapid development of the CAS in the population.

AIM to study natural dynamics of mean levels of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (SAP, DAP), body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and triglycerides (TG) in elderly people using data of 17-year cohort prospective observation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Primary examination of a random sample of population was carried out in 1988-1991, reexamination in 2002-2005. Here we present results of examination of 1046 persons including 136 of older age group (mean age at reexamination 69.3 ± 3.2 years). RESULTS During the period of observation mean values of SAP in the elder group increased from 140.66 ± 23.61 to 164.58 ± 31.80 mm Hg (+17.0%; p

BACKGROUND: Russian adults have extraordinarily high rates of premature death. Retrospective enquiries to the families of about 50,000 deceased Russians had found excess vodka use among those dying from external causes (accident, suicide, violence) and eight particular disease groupings. We now seek prospective evidence of these associations. METHODS: In three Russian cities (Barnaul, Byisk, and Tomsk), we interviewed 200,000 adults during 1999-2008 (with 12,000 re-interviewed some years later) and followed them until 2010 for cause-specific mortality. In 151,000 with no previous disease and some follow-up at ages 35-74 years, Poisson regression (adjusted for age at risk, amount smoked, education, and city) was used to calculate the relative risks associating vodka consumption with mortality. We have combined these relative risks with age-specific death rates to get 20-year absolute risks. FINDINGS: Among 57,361 male smokers with no previous disease, the estimated 20-year risks of death at ages 35-54 years were 16% (95% CI 15-17) for those who reported consuming less than a bottle of vodka per week at baseline, 20% (18-22) for those consuming 1-2·9 bottles per week, and 35% (31-39) for those consuming three or more bottles per week; trend p

Objective:Hypertension (HTN) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are considered to be independent predictors of stroke. A long exposure to Glucocorticoids (GCs) (in years) is associated with a high CVD risk. A impaired cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is associated with increased risk of stroke. The aim o

Objective: To assess the dynamics of serum levels of soluble isoform of suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and their correlations with the development of adverse left ventricular remodeling (LVR) through 6 months in patients with primary myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (STEMI). Methods: Subjects were 31 patients with STEMI (median age: 58 years), who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during the first 24 hours of the onset of myocardial infarction (MI). Blood samples and parameters of echocardiography were assessed at days 1, 3, 7, and 14 and 6 months after STEMI. Results: Serum levels of sST2 and NT-proBNP decreased during the 6-month period. Levels of sST2 decreased by 48% from admission to day 7, and levels of NT-proBNP decreased by 40% from day 7 to 6 months after STEMI. Serum levels of sST2 at day 1 ( r = 0.5, P

The following paper presents an analysis of fibrinogen and D-dimer levels and global index characterizing the anticoagulant function of protein C (TromboPas). 1104 people (25–64 years of age) of Tomsk adult unorganized population were examined within the framework of ECCE-RF-2012 (Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors in the Russian Federation) project. The relationships of these parameters with the main demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed. The presence of at least one of the markers of hypercoagulability, which include fibrinogen level higher than 3,7 g/l D-dimer – 500 ng / ml, and the index of inhibition of thrombin formation in the TromboPas (PICI%) test, that islower or equal to 84%, was found in 55,44% of the patients. At the same time, in 2,72% of the surveyed population a combination of all three hypercoagulation markers was observed, whereas a combination of at least one of the mentioned markers and / or risk factors such as arterial hypertension (AH) and obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) was observed in 36,87% of patients. Hypercoagulation markers, hypertension and obesity were absent only in 19,47% of patients. Thus, the results suggest a high risk of thrombotic complications of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the studied population and justify the feasibility of developing adequate methods to prevent them.

Aim of the study: the study aimed to reveal the sign of coronary atherosclerosis absence using the factor analysis in patients referred for the coronary angiography. Patients and methods: 9409 patients suspected stable coronary artery disease (CAD) or with confirmed diagnosis of CAD from the «Registry of provided coronary angiography» were included in the study. Results of the study: principal factor described about 59% of the variation and included the burdens of 4 parameters (gender, smoking, significant coronary atherosclerosis and hypothyroidism) and was interpreted as factor of coronary atherosclerosis. Conclusions: it was found that the absence of coronary stenosis was associated with female gender, non-smoking status and hypothyroidism.

В настоящее время более чем 170 млн людей в мире страдают сахарным диабетом (СД) и заболеваемость им неуклонно растет (Всемирная организация здравоохранения, 2004). Как известно, СД является важным предиктором плохого клинического прогноза, в связи с чем особую значимость приобретает проблема рациональной антигипертензивной (АГТ) и органопротективной терапии у этого контингента больных. Закономерен отказ от прежней концепции «препарата первого выбора» в пользу комбинированной АГТ уже со старта лечения, что особенно рационально у пациентов с СД в силу многокомпонентности патогенеза АГ при сочетании патологии. Результаты современных исследований все больше свидетельствуют о неравенстве вазо - и кардиопротективных свойств разных классов антигипертензивных препаратов и их комбинаций, а также наличии внутриклассовой дифференциации. В настоящее время блокаторы ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы (РААС) и их комбинации обладают обширной доказательной базой о наличии у них органопротективных свойств, реализующихся вне связи с гипотензивным действием, и способности улучшать кардиоваскулярный прогноз в общей популяции больных АГ и у диабетических пациентов. Патогенетически обоснованной, но менее исследованной у больных СД является комбинация дигидропиридинового блокатора кальциевых каналов (БКК) и b-адреноблокатора (БАБ). Цель исследования Провести сравнительную оценку динамики показателей суточного мониторирования АД (СМАД), внутрипочечного сосудистого сопротивления (ВПСС) при применении трех схем длительной комбинированной АГТ с достижением целевых значений АД, основанной на применении двух вариантов блокады РААС (ингибиторов ангиотензинпревращающего фермента – ИАПФ или блокаторов рецепторов ангиотензина II – БPA II) либо дигидропиридиновых БКК у больных АГ, ассоциированной с СД типа 2.

In 17-year cohort p1rospective study, the dynamics of arterial hypertension (AH) and arterial pressure (AP) levels has been examined as functions of the boy mass. The cohort included 630 men and 916 women aged from 20 to 59. The overweight was diagnosed at the Body Mass Index index no lower than 25 kg/m2.In the primary research, the AH prevalence rate was 35,7% among overweighted people and 12,5% (р

Peculiarities in the structure of mortality of people living in the Tomsk Region have been revealed, and main ways to decrease the mortality have been determined. In 2002 the death rate in the Tomsk Region was 14.3 per 1000 people, which is lower than the average Russian death rate (16.3). The analysis of death causes has shown that the most frequent causes are diseases of the blood system, while the second and third places are occupied by the death from neoplasm, as well as from accidents, poisoning, and traumas.The health factor should become of the high priority in all spheres of human activity. Any measure should favor the formation of the healthy life style and everybody’s personal responsibility for the health. It is worth developing the interbranch demographic concept of the Tomsk Region as an integral part of the concept of the enhancement of life quality for people living in the Tomsk Region.

We studied the effects of recombinant granulocytic CSF on heart remodeling in BALB/c mice after cryodestruction. Administration of granulocytic CSF was started 1 day after cryodestruction (subcutaneously, 10 μg/kg/day, for 4 days). As early as after the first injection, leukocytosis in the peripheral blood started to develop, leukocyte count peaked on days 4-6 and returned to normal on day 14. Treatment with granulocytic CSF significantly increased the content of progenitor cells in the bone marrow and led to rapid development of the inflammatory reaction and myocardium infiltration with mononuclear cells. Injections of granulocytic CSF did not reduce scar area, but provided significantly less pronounced heart hypertrophy, which attests to its better functional properties. By day 30 after cryodestruction, control animals and animals receiving granulocytic CSF exhibited similar morphological picture at the site of damage. Thus, our regimen of granulocytic CSF administration produced a mobilizing effect on bone marrow progenitor cells and postinfarction heart remodeling. Direct effects of granulocytic CSF on the heart have to be established for its use in the treatment of myocardial infarction.

In cardiological inpatients, coronary heart disease (CHD) is concurrent with clinical anxiety and depression disorders in 43% of cases. Comorbidity of coronary disease and anxiety and depression disorders is more frequently encountered among women than among men (40 versus 22%) and among post-aortocoronary bypass patients. Depressive disorders substantially worsen the course of CHD due to the frequent development of myocardial infarction, low exercise endurance, and patients’ refusal to have endovascular and surgical treatments. Therapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants caused a reduction in anxiety and depression disorders along with the improved clinical course of CHD, as evidenced from angina pectoris and heart failure. No serious side effects were observed during continuous SSRI use. The proposed regimen for the joint follow-up, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients by a working group of cardiologists and psychiatrists within a biopsychosocial model of rehabilitation is effective. It may be extensively used in cardiology, in the outpatient setting in particular.

The role of the alcoholic factor in structure of death rate of the population of Tomsk area is studied. At pathology-anatomic research alcohol in blood was found out in 38,9% of cases. This parameter remains rather stable during of some years while death rate from a poisoning with ethyl spirit last three years has decreased almost on third. The given parameter speaks about essential underestimation of the alcoholic factor in structure of death rate. At carrying out of examinations and researches of corpses of nonviolent death ethyl spirit has been found out in 18,4%. These data draw attention to alchohol-dependent diseases of internal bodies. Other picture comes to light at the analysis of the alcoholic factor in structure of violent death rate. For 2007 at carrying out of examinations and researches of corpses of a violent death ethyl spirit has been found out in 63,2% of cases. The greatest contribution of the alcoholic factor is revealed at such reasons of death, as a poisoning with carbonic oxide (69,7%), action of low temperatures (67,4%), road and transport incidents (48,5%).

Starting from 1992, the demographic situation in the Tomsk Region is characterized by a decrease of the population. It is mostly affected by the natural migration of population. The tendency of increase (decrease) in the birth rate is mostly determined by the past period. Thus, from 2000, the stable growth of the birth rate is observed in the Tomsk Region mostly due to the high birth rate in the early 1980s. On the average, the influence of the past period becomes visible in birth-rate indices 23–25 years later.

We studied the effects of bone marrow cell transplantation on myocardium of the prenecrotic zone in Wistar rats. Intramyocardial cell transplantation reduced the severity of hypertrophy of myocardium and the degree of its cicatricial degeneration on day 40 after cryodestruction. The morphology of the myocardium in the prenecrotic zone depended on the type of transplanted cells. The course of inflammation was swifter; vascularization of the myocardium was more intensive. The best effect, evaluated by the number of new vessels, was observed after MSC transplantation. Hence, the positive effect of bone marrow cell transplantation is realized at the expense of more rapid structural organization of the damaged site and stimulation of myocardial vascularization.

We studied the presence of colony-forming cells in cell culture from rat heart 40 days after experimental myocardial infraction. The mean cellularity in this pathology was 12+/-8 cell/cm2, which is 20-fold lower than in intact myocardium. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells into the remodeling myocardium restored the pool of colony-forming cells. This effect depended on the state of transplanted cells. After transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells with low content of stress proteins, 6+/-2 colonies were detected, while after transplantation of cells with high content of hsp70 and hsp60 stress proteins (modified mesenchymal stem cells) 18+/-5 colonies were found, the mean cellularity of the corresponding cultured being 946+/-267 and 1926+/-123 cell/cm2. The positive effect of modified mesenchymal stem cells was observed on days 4 and 7 after transplantation. We conclude that postinfarction remodeling mobilized the total pool of regional stem cells; mesenchymal stem cells with high content of hsp70 and hsp60 demonstrated highest survival rate after intramyocardial transplantation.

Цель. Сравнение характера изменений суточного профиля АД и его циркадного ритма в двух группах больных с близкой продолжительностью АГ: у больных эссенциальной гипертонией (ЭГ) без нарушений углеводного обмена и у пациентов с сочетанием АГ и сахарного диабета (СД). Материалы и методы. анализ показателей амбулаторного суточного мониторирования АД был проведен у 256 больных с АГ в возрасте от 36 до 60 лет, разделенных на 2 группы по 128 пациентов: основную (гр.АГ+СД), которая включала больных АГ, ассоциированной с сахарным диабетом 2 типа, и контрольную, включавшую больных эссенциальной гипертонией (гр.ЭГ) без нарушений углеводного обмена. После обработки данных анализировались следующие показатели СМАД: средние значения систолического АД (САД), диастолического АД (ДАД), ЧСС, двойного произведения? и пульсового АД (ПАД) за 24 часа, день и ночь. Результаты. При длительности сахарного диабета от 2 до 5,5 лет на фоне сохранения межгрупповых различий величины ЧСС-24 ч за счет более высокого уровня ЧСС-день обнаруживались достоверные межгрупповые различия среднесуточных значений АД. Так, у больных гр.ЭГ существенно более высоким становился уровень ДАД-24 ч и ИВ ДАД-24 ч за счет среднедневных значений этих показателей, тогда как у пациентов гр.АГ+СД в более значительной степени нарушался циркадный ритм АД, о чем свидетельствовали сравнительно более низкие значения СИ САД и СИ ДАД. Заключение.при ассоциации АГ и сахарного диабета, в сравнении с ЭГ без нарушений углеводного обмена, кроме выявления косвенных признаков более выраженной нейрогуморальной активации, имеют место более раннее (в среднем на 5?7 лет) формирование нарушений циркадного ритма систолического АД, а также диспропорциональность его возрастания по отношению к уровню диастолического АД, что выявляется уже через 3?5 лет после манифестации сахарного диабета и в среднем через 7?16 лет результирует в более высокий уровень пульсового АД.

High accuracy of biophotonic scanning in estimation of skin carotinoid score (SCS) and antioxidant status after 8-week period of correction by LifePak, MarineOmega, and Tegreen97 active dietary supplements is proved in 45 healthy persons with cardiovascular risks and in patients with cardiovascular diseases. SCS increased by 42.8% (p = 0.005) and total antioxidant capacity of blood (TAC) increased by 36.4% (p = 0.005) in health people; while in patients SCS increased by 47.4% (p = 0.001) and TAC increased by 30.3% (p = 0.008). The SCS accuracy in estimation of antioxidant status was 87%.