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This research is motivated by the importance of learning programs as the first step made by schools, especially teachers to serve as guidelines in one school year. In addition, the learning program is also an important aspect of the learning system to be used as the basis for the implementation process and assessing learning outcomes. This study uses a qualitative approach with a type of phenomenology. The research was conducted at Santa Maria Catholic High School and Saint Albertus Catholic High School Malang. The informant collection technique in this study was a purposive sampling technique, namely class XI economics teachers. Data collection was carried out using interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The results of this study are economic learning programs in both schools including program planning as environmental input; and instrumental inputs such as determining Basic Competency (KD), Operational Verbs (KKO), content, and learning methods; preparation of learning tools; the availability of media and learning resources, as well as the establishment of an assessment program and Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM), where teachers attend Work Meetings (Raker) and hold Study Field Teacher Consultations (MGBS) in planning, establishing, and compiling learning programs at the beginning of the school year. The purpose of this study is to describe economic learning programs that support the learning process and student learning outcomes as well as to be used as material for evaluating planning, determining and compiling next year's learning programs

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Deregulation of miRNAs is frequently observed in breast cancer and affects tumor biology. A pre-miRNA, such as pre-miR-1307, gives rise to several mature miRNA molecules with distinct functions. However, the impact of global deregulation of pre-miR-1307 and its individual mature miRNAs in breast cancer has not been investigated in breast cancer, yet., Results: Here, we found significant upregulation of three mature miRNA species derived from pre-miR-1307 in human breast cancer tissue. Surprisingly, the overexpression of pre-miR-1307 in breast cancer cell lines resulted in reduced xenograft growth and impaired angiogenesis. Mechanistically, overexpression of miR-1307-5p altered the secretome of breast cancer cells and reduced endothelial cell sprouting. Consistently, expression of miR-1307-5p was inversely correlated with endothelial cell fractions in human breast tumors pointing at an anti-angiogenic role of miR-1307-5p. Importantly, the arm usage of miR-1307 and other miRNAs was highly correlated, which suggests an undefined common regulatory mechanism., Conclusions: In summary, miR-1307-5p reduces angiogenesis in breast cancer, thereby antagonizing the oncogenic effects of miR-1307-3p. Our results emphasize the importance of future research on the regulation of miRNA arm selection in cancer. The underlying mechanisms might inspire new therapeutic strategies aimed at shifting the balance towards tumor-suppressive miRNA species., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The animal study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of the Weizmann Institute of Science (experiments with NOG mice) and by the local regulatory authorities (regional council, Karlsruhe, Germany under reference code G288/14; experiments with NSG mice). No human subjects were involved in the study. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Posterior transarticular screw fixation C1-2 with the Magerl technique is a challenging procedure for stabilization of atlantoaxial instabilities. Although its high primary stability favoured it to sublaminar wire-based techniques, the close merging of the vertebral artery (VA) and its violation during screw passage inside the axis emphasizes its potential risk. Also, posterior approach to the upper cervical spine produces extensive, as well as traumatic soft-tissue stripping. In comparison, anterior transarticular screw fixation C1-2 is an atraumatic technique, but has been neglected in the literature, even though promising results are published and lectured to date. In 2004, anterior screw fixation C1-2 was introduced in our department for the treatment of atlantoaxial instabilities. As it showed convincing results, its general anatomic feasibility was worked up. The distance between mid-sagittal line of C2 and medial border of the VA groove resembles the most important anatomic landmark in anterior transarticular screw fixation C1-2. Therefore, CT based measurements on 42 healthy specimens without pathology of the cervical spine were performed. Our data are compiled in an extended collection of anatomic landmarks relevant for anterior transarticular screw fixation C1-2. Based on anatomic findings, the technique and its feasibility in daily clinical work is depicted and discussed on our preliminary results in seven patients.