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Purpose To investigate the structure and function of the retina after scleral buckling (SB) surgery due to macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods Twenty eyes with repaired macula-on RRD and 20 fellow eyes were included. All patients within 6–12 months of the procedure, were examined to evaluate retinal structure using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and vessel density (VD) by OCT angiography (OCTA). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and microperimetry (MP) tests were used to assess retinal function. Results Analysis of the microvascular network using OCTA between the operated and healthy fellow eyes showed a significant reduction on VD in superficial vascular plexus (SVP), deep vascular plexus (DVP) and radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC) (p< 0.001, p = 0.019 and p = 0.008, respectively). Comparison of retinal structure in SD-OCT showed no significant differences on thickness in ganglion cell complex (GCC) and peripaillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) (p> 0.05) between examined eyes. Retinal function analysis by MP examination showed a decrease of retinal sensitivity (p = 0.0013) whereas postoperative BCVA showed no differences (p = 0.62) in the operated eyes. Significant Pearson’s correlations were observed between retinal sensitivity and VD in SVP, RPC (p< 0.05). Conclusion In the eyes after SB surgery due to macula-on RRD, changes in retinal sensitivity were accompanied by impairment of the microvascular network assessed by the OCTA.

IntroductionGlaucoma is a leading cause of blindness, often progressing asymptomatically until significant vision loss occurs. Early detection is crucial for preventing irreversible damage. The pupillary light reflex (PLR) has proven useful in glaucoma diagnosis, and mobile technologies like the AI-based smartphone pupillometer (AI Pupillometer) offer a promising solution for accessible screening. This study assesses the reliability of the AI Pupillometer in detecting glaucoma.MethodsIn Experiment 1, 20 healthy participants were assessed using both the AI Pupillometer and the NPi-200 device to evaluate equivalence in measuring PLR. Each eye underwent three trials. Experiment 2 included 46 participants, 24 with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 22 healthy controls. PLR measurements from the AI Pupillometer were correlated with structural and functional ocular parameters. An additional study expanded the sample to 387 participants (103 glaucoma patients, 284 controls), focusing on differential pupillometry parameters to minimize ambient light interference.ResultsIn Experiment 1, the AI Pupillometer demonstrated strong correlations with the NPi-200 in key parameters like initial pupil size (r = 0.700), constricted pupil size (r = 0.755), and constriction velocity (r = 0.541), confirming its reliability. In Experiment 2, although no statistically significant differences in light-corrected PLR parameters were found between groups, glaucoma patients had a marginally higher constricted pupil size (p = 0.1632). Significant correlations were observed between pupillometry and advanced ocular imaging results, notably between constriction amplitude and visual field loss. The additional study revealed significant differences in constriction amplitude (p = 0.014) and relative pupil size change (p = 0.0072) between glaucoma patients and controls, reinforcing the AI Pupillometer’s diagnostic potential.ConclusionThis study confirms the AI Pupillometer as a reliable, accessible tool for glaucoma screening. Mobile diagnostics could enhance early detection, improving outcomes for glaucoma patients.

IntroductionThe pupillary light reflex (PLR) is the constriction of the pupil in response to light. The PLR in response to a pulse of light follows a complex waveform that can be characterized by several parameters. It is a sensitive marker of acute neurological deterioration, but is also sensitive to the background illumination in the environment in which it is measured. To detect a pathological change in the PLR, it is therefore necessary to separate the contributions of neuro-ophthalmic factors from ambient illumination. Illumination varies over several orders of magnitude and is difficult to control due to diurnal, seasonal, and location variations.Methods and resultsWe assessed the sensitivity of seven PLR parameters to differences in ambient light, using a smartphone-based pupillometer (AI Pupillometer, Solvemed Inc.). Nine subjects underwent 345 measurements in ambient conditions ranging from complete darkness (

Introduction Problems related to eating disorders such as anorexia, bulimia and obesity turns out to be very common in the LGBT group. The paper presents a review of research in this field showing the relationship between the influence of the environment, homophobia and lack of tolerance to the problem presented in the topic and a scale of this problem occurring in the presented minority group. Aim The aim of the work is to draw attention to the scale of the problem and the specificity of the LGBT group in the field of eating disorders. Presenting factors which are a predisposition to such disorders, may be useful to medical staff, psychologists, educators and therapists dealing with the problem of eating disorders. Another aim is to create a scientific publication on the topic of sexual minorities, which is still lacking in comparison with foreign magazines in our country. Brief description of the state of knowledge LGBT group turns out to be a group with an increased risk of eating disorders. Gays are a group exposed to anorexia and bulimia. However, the group of lesbians has been defined with an increased risk of overweight and obesity. According to a review of contemporary research in this area, the problems related to nutrition are influenced by homophobia, lack of social acceptance, heterosexual and episodes of sexual abuse in childhood. Conclusions There is a huge need of knowledge for specialists dealing with eating disorders about the specificity of the LGBT group. Their greater competences can positively influence the prevalence of eating disorders in this group and positively influence the course of treatment of such people.