1. Cognitive Reappraisal in Smartphone-Based Interventions to Foster Mental Health in Adults: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
- Author
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Karolina Kurth, Lilli Priesterroth, Angela M Kunzler, Oliver Tuescher, and Thomas Kubiak
- Abstract
BACKGROUND A large variety of smartphone-based interventions (SBIs) have emerged recently that aim to contribute to mental healthcare. SBIs that integrate a training of cognitive reappraisal (CR) may be particularly effective. Little is known whether CR as an evidence-based mechanism for mental health promotion is included in SBIs. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the integration of CR training in recent SBIs for clinical and non-clinical adult populations and meta-analyze their effect on prevalent mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and well-being). METHODS A comprehensive literature search in four databases revealed 1,836 unique records, which were screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers. 15 randomized controlled or controlled trials (N = 1406) including an adult sample that received an SBI with CR training and a comparison condition were identified. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) between SBIs and control conditions. Subgroup analyses were conducted for sample population (clinical vs. non-clinical) and degree of human support (SBIs with human support vs. SBIs without human support). RESULTS Most of the studies assessed a clinical population, had depression as primary outcome, and were performed without human face-to-face support for the participants. The CR training of all SBIs involved active engagement of the users that was realized with a wide range of multimedia material. We found evidence for a small effect (SMD = –0.21, 95% CI –0.40 to –0.02; P = .04) on mental health (i.e., the reduction of symptoms of mental disorders) in favor of the SBIs including CR, with moderate to substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 60%; Chi2(df) = 35.32 (14); P = .001). The overall quality of the studies was relatively low. Subgroup analyses revealed evidence for larger effect sizes of studies with clinical compared to non-clinical populations. There was no evidence for a subgroup difference between interventions with vs. without human support. CONCLUSIONS CR can successfully be implemented in SBIs and reduce mental health symptoms.
- Published
- 2020