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Objectives: This study aimed to retrospectively assess cardiac autonomic activity in children with LQTS, considering genotype, symptoms, sex, age, and beta-blocker therapy (BB) and compare it to healthy controls. Methods: Heart rate variability (HRV), using power spectrum analysis, was analyzed in 575 Holter recordings from 116 children with LQTS and in 69 healthy children. The data were categorized into four age-groups and four heart rate (HR) ranges. Results: In LQT1 and LQT2, increasing HR corresponded to significantly lower low (LF) and high frequency (HF) compared to controls. Total power (PTOT) was lower in all LQT1 age-groups compared to controls at HR 120–140 bpm (1–15 years: p <.01; 15–18 years: p =.03). At HR 80–100, LQT1 patients aged 1–10 years had lower HF than LQT2 patients (1–5 years: p =.05; 5–10 years: p =.02), and LQT2 patients aged 15–18 years had lower HF than LQT1 patients (p <.01). Symptomatic patients aged 10–15 years had lower PTOT at HR 100–120 bpm than asymptomatic patients (p =.04). LQT1 girls aged 10–15 and 15–18 years had a lower PTOT (10–15 years: p =.04; 15–18 years: p =.02) than boys. Conclusion: This study shows a correlation between HR and changes in HRV parameters. At higher HRs, LQTS patients generally had lower HRV values than controls, suggesting an abnormal autonomic response. These results may strengthen the link between physical activity and arrhythmias in LQTS.

This thesis aims to analyze the effects of geometric imperfections on the load-bearing capacity of high-strength steel grades and how the industry implements these imperfections in Finite Element Method (FEM) modeling. The goal was to examine the industry's implementation of these geometric imperfections in relation to compliance with established standards and regulations. Through conducted interviews, hand calculations, and numerical simulations, the study provided SSAB with a deeper understanding of geometric imperfections. The interview focused on handling geometric imperfections in the manufacturing of truck cranes, exploring various strategies to ensure structural integrity and compliance with industry standards. The company in focus oversized the construction in nominal analyses and followed EN 13001 and internal guidelines to prevent the effects of imperfections. A test specimen from SSAB's laboratory was used as a reference against the simulations. The test specimen consisted of a high-strength steel profile mimicking those used in cranes. The geometry of the test specimen was then applied to the numerical simulations In numerical simulations, the flat and round sides of the test specimen were compared under compression. When the round part was in compression, the simulation underestimated the moment capacity by approximately 14 kN, equivalent to about 7.1%, compared to the actual test results. When the flat part was in compression, the simulation overestimated the moment capacity by approximately 7 kN, equivalent to 8.4%. The differences between simulations and tests were relatively small, and simulations were deemed quite representative compared to tests. Simulations with imperfections showed marginal effects on load-bearing capacity. For the profile simulated with imperfections, the load-bearing capacity before failure was 84.5 kN, while the capacity for the profile without imperfections was 82.6 kN, with a difference of 2.24%. No major conclusions re

BACKGROUND: Swimming is a genotype-specific trigger in long QT syndrome type 1 (LQT1). OBJECTIVE: To examine the autonomic response to water activities in children and adolescents with LQT1. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, LQT1 patients were age and sex matched to one healthy control subject. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded during face immersion (FI), swimming, diving, and whole-body submersion (WBS). Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) was measured. The high frequency (HF) component of HRV was interpreted to reflect parasympathetic activity, while the low frequency (LF) component was interpreted as reflecting the combined influence of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity on autonomic nervous modulation of the heart. RESULTS: Fifteen LQT1 patients (aged 7-19 years, all on beta-blocker therapy) and fifteen age and sex matched non-medicated controls were included. No significant ventricular arrhythmias were observed in the LQT1 population during the water activities. Out of these 15 matched pairs, 12 pairs managed to complete FI and WBS for more than 10 seconds and were subsequently included in HR and HRV analyses. In response to FI, the LQT1 group experienced a drop in HR of 48 bpm, compared to 67 bpm in the control group (p = 0.006). In response to WBS, HR decreased by 48 bpm in the LQT1 group and 70 bpm in the control group (p = 0.007). A significantly lower PTOT (p < 0.001) and HF (p = 0.011) component was observed before, during and after FI in LQT1 patients compared with the controls. Before, during and after WBS, a significantly lower total power (p < 0.001), LF (p = 0.002) and HF (p = 0.006) component was observed in the LQT1 patients. CONCLUSION: A significantly lower HR decrease in response to water activities was observed in LQT1 subjects on beta-blocker therapy, compared to matched non-medicated controls. The data suggests an impaired parasympathetic response in LQT1 children and adolescents. An aberrant autonomic ner

The aim was to investigate whether the pressure reactivity indices PRx, long-PRx (L-PRx), and pressure reactivity (PR) are interchangeable as measures of vascular reactivity, and whether they correlate with clinical outcome when an intracranial pressure (ICP)-targeted treatment regimen is applied in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Patients with TBI (n = 29) that arrived at the hospital within 24 h of injury were included. PRx and L-PRx were derived from Pearson correlations between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and ICP over a short- and long-time interval. PR was the regression coefficient between the hourly mean values of ICP and MAP. Indices were compared to each other, parameters at admission, and outcome assessed by the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) at 6 and 12 months. PRx and L-PRx had the strongest correlation with each other (R = 0.536, p < 0.01). A correlation was also noted between L-PRx and PR (R = 0.475, p < 0.01), but not between PRx and PR. A correlation was found between age and PRx (R = 0.482, p = 0.01). No association with outcome for any of the indices was found. PRx/L-PRx and L-PRx/PR were moderately correlated with each other. Age was associated with PRx. None of the indices correlated with outcome when our ICP treatment regime was applied. Part of our null hypothesis, that the three indices are associated with outcome, must be rejected. There was, however, an association between some of the indices. To further understand the relation of treatment regimes and pressure reactivity indices, a larger, randomized study is warranted.

The launch of the chatbot ChatGPT in November of 2022 has sparked a fierce debate on how AI tools will affect future education. Currently, there have been multiple articles about how universities and educators do not yet have an action plan on how to respond to the consequences of the launch of the chatbot. The technology behind ChatGPT is generative AI and is anticipated to be the next big digital disruption. Generative AI and its effects on higher education is still unexplored territory. In this thesis we aim to answer the following research question: how can generative AI be managed as a digital disruption in higher education? We conducted a qualitative case study at a university in Sweden, where the participants were educators from different departments. The three main themes discussed in this thesis are: disruptive effects of generative AI; three elements of managing digital disruption; emerging challenges and opportunities. We contribute to existing research by providing a model on how the digital disruption caused by generative AI manifests in higher education and provide suggestions on how to manage it. Further, we suggest that future research add students’ perspective to the model, since this was not covered in this thesis.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of disability among adults, with heavy social and economic burden worldwide. A cost-effective solution is urgently needed to facilitate the identification of individual rehabilitation needs and thereby provide tailored rehabilitations to reduce disability among people who have had a stroke. A novel digital graphic follow-up tool Rehabkompassen has recently been developed to facilitate capturing the multidimensional rehabilitation needs of people who have had a stroke. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of conducting a definitive trial to evaluate Rehabkompassen as a digital follow-up tool among people who have had a stroke in outpatient clinical settings. Methods: This pilot study of Rehabkompassen was a parallel, open-label, 2-arm prospective, proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial (RCT) with an allocation ratio of 1:1 in a single outpatient clinic. Patients who have had a stroke within the 3 previous months, aged ≥18 years, and living in the community were included. The trial compared usual outpatient visits with Rehabkompassen (intervention group) and without Rehabkompassen (control group) at the 3-month follow-up as well as usual outpatient visit with Rehabkompassen at the 12-month follow-up. Information on the recruitment rate, delivery, and uptake of Rehabkompassen; assessment and outcome measures completion rates; the frequency of withdrawals; the loss of follow-up; and satisfaction scores were obtained. The key outcomes were evaluated in both groups. Results: In total, 28 patients (14 control, 14 Rehabkompassen) participated in this study, with 100 patients screened. The overall recruitment rate was 28% (28/100). Retention in the trial was 86% (24/28) at the 12-month follow-up. All participants used the tool as planned during their follow-ups, which provided a 100% (24/24) task completion rate of using Rehabkompassen and suggested excellent feasibility. Both patient

Denna text presenterar ett systematiskt utvecklingsarbetearbete för att attrahera och hålla kvar de äldsta fritidshemseleverna. Fritidshemmet är en viktig pedagogisk verksamhet även för äldre elever men vi ser att äldre elever i lägre grad än yngre deltar i fritidshemsverksamheten. Hur kan vi möta och arbeta med denna elevgrupps perspektiv och behov?

While the proliferation of AI technologies offers opportunities for the workplace and its processes, their implementation in business effectively is still a challenge. Today, companies require strategic guidance in their AI management. Accordingly, there is a need for more research on the topic with a holistic approach including governance of data. Considering the challenges of the private sector and the gap in the IS research, this thesis focuses on the barriers to implementing AI in the private sector. It specifically assesses the sociotechnical mechanisms for AI evolution in the case of the agricultural machinery industry. The conducted case study suggests an overall approach including data governance for AI implementation and an alignment between the digital, it, and business strategies. Based on the research findings, this study suggests a model for AI management with three parts: The opportunities and the new data generation to realize these opportunities lie on the benefit side of the digital transformation while the sociotechnical mechanisms to tackle the barriers stand at the core. By introducing a model for AI management, the thesis offers a roadmap for the case company while bringing a new perspective to the literature and further research.

CNC machines offer numerous advantages over conventional machining. It can be implemented in several ways and one such implementation is a drawing machine. In this bachelor thesis a voice controlled CNC plotter was designed, constructed and programmed. In order to create a better understanding of CNC and voice recognition, research questions were established and studied. The questions were mainly related to drawing speed as well as quality and accuracy of the voice recognition. The hardware of the plotter was mostly built out of 3D-printed parts as well as stepper motors, threaded rods and couplers for the movement system. The software of the plotter consisted of Arduino code, where instructions were written to make, for instance, the appropriate motor move. Tests were executed to gather data that later on were analysed. The analysis showed that the stepper motors and couplers had the greatest impact on the drawing speed as well as showing that the quality decreased when the speed increased. Furthermore the analysis showed that the voice recognition module achieved a high level of accuracy, however only when males spoke as it could not detect female voices., CNC maskiner har flera fördelar jämfört med konventionella maskiner. De kan implementeras på en mängd olika sätt, exempelvis i en rit robot. I detta kandidatexamensarbete konstruerades och programmerades en röststyr dritrobot. För att erhålla en bättre uppfattning om CNC och röststyrning har två forskningsfrågor undersökts. Frågorna behandlar rithastighet, kvalite samt noggrannhet av röstigenkänningsmodulen. Hårdvaran består för det mesta av 3D-printade komponenter och gängade stänger som utgör rörelse systemet av roboten. Mjukvaran består endast av Arduino kod som innehåller instruktioner för exempelvis vilken motor som ska rotera. Flera experiment utfördes för att erhålla data som därefter analyserades. Analysen visade att stegmotorerna och axelkopplingarna hade störst påverkan på rithastigheten som i sin tur var en stor påverkande faktor för ritkvaliten. Ytterliggare analys visade att röstkortet hade hög noggrannhet men bara när en man talade då det inte kunde tolka kvinnliga röster.

Introduction: It remains a huge challenge to identify individual rehabilitation needs in a time-efficient manner for providing patient-tailored rehabilitation during the continuum of stroke care. We have recently demonstrated the usefulness of a paper-version Rehab-Compass as a follow-up tool. The aim of the current study was to develop a digital version of the Rehab-Compass and evaluate its usability and feasibility. Methods: The novel digital tool Rehabkompassen® was developed by an iterative and participatory design process. Patients' rehabilitation needs were visualized by the tool and used before, during, and after the consultation. The usability and feasibility of the tool was assessed by task completion rate, the System Usability Scale, and satisfaction questionnaires among 2 physicians and 24 adult stroke patients in an outpatient clinical setting. Results: Rehabkompassen® identified and graphically visualized a panoramic view of the stroke patients' multidimensional needs in individual- and group levels. The instrument appeared to be feasible and time efficient in clinical use with a 100% overall task completion rate for both patients and physicians. A majority of the patients reported that it was very easy or fairly easy to answer the digital questionnaires and to understand their own digital Rehab-Compass graph. Two physicians reported a high mean score on the System Usability Scale (95/100) and were positive about using the tool in the future. Conclusions: The current results indicated that Rehabkompassen® was a feasible, useful, and time-saving follow-up tool for the identification of rehabilitation needs among stroke survivors in the post-acute continuum of care after stroke. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of the digital instrument among stroke patients.

Objectives: It is well-established that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a central role in arrhythmogenesis. During and after exercise the ANS is particularly active, and since long QT syndrome (LQTS) patients have an increased risk of lethal arrhythmias during physical activity, it is important to investigate the autonomic function in these patients. In this study we investigate the ANS response during and after exercise in LQTS patients and healthy age and sex matched controls. Methods: Forty-four genotype-verified adult LQTS patients and forty-four healthy age- and sex-matched controls performed a submaximal bicycle exercise stress test. Heart rate recovery (HRR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were analyzed from registered electrocardiogram (ECG) and vector electrocardiogram (VCG) recordings collected throughout rest, exercise and in the post-exercise phase. Results: LQTS patients had a slower HRR than controls at 1- and 4-min post-exercise (p < 0.001). During the post-exercise phase, LQTS patients had a lower total power (p < 0.001), low frequency power (p < 0.001) and high frequency power (p < 0.001) than controls. In the same phase, LQTS patients off betablocker (BB) treatment showed a lower high frequency power (p = 0.01) and different low frequency/high frequency ratio (p = 0.003) when comparing with LQTS patients on BB treatment. Conclusions: The parasympathetic effect on both HRR and HRV after exercise appears depressed in this LQTS patient cohort compared to healthy controls. This indicates an aberrant ANS response during the post-exercise phase which might be compensated by BB treatment. Our findings emphasize the importance of performing further investigations to identify the role of the ANS in LQTS arrhythmogenesis., Corrigendum: Anna Lundström, Urban Wiklund, Lucy Law, Steen Jensen, Marcus Karlsson, Annika Rydberg, Corrigendum to "Aberrant autonomic pattern during the post-exercise recovery phase in Long QT syndrome patients", Autonomic Neuroscience, 2022, 102931. DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102931

Arrhythmia is related to heart rate variability (HRV), which reflects the autonomic nervous regulation of the heart. We hypothesized that autonomic nervous ganglia, located at the junction of the superior vena cava’s entrance to the heart, may be affected during the bidirectional Glenn procedure (BDG), resulting in reduced HRV. We aimed to investigate changes in heart rate and HRV in a cohort of children with univentricular heart defects, undergoing stepwise surgery towards total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC), and compare these results with healthy controls. Twenty four hours Holter-ECG recordings were obtained before BDG (n = 47), after BDG (n = 47), and after total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) (n = 45) in patients and in 38 healthy controls. HRV was analyzed by spectral and Poincaré methods. Age-related z scores were calculated and compared using linear mixed effects modeling. Total HRV was significantly lower in patients before BDG when compared to healthy controls. The mean heart rate was significantly reduced in patients after BDG compared to before BDG. Compared to healthy controls, patients operated with BDG had significantly reduced heart rate and reduced total HRV. Patients with TCPC showed reduced heart rate and HRV compared with healthy controls. In patients after TCPC, total HRV was decreased compared to before TCPC. Heart rate was reduced after BDG procedure, and further reductions of HRV were seen post-TCPC. Our results indicate that autonomic regulation of cardiac rhythm is affected both after BDG and again after TCPC. This may be reflected as, and contribute to, postoperative arrhythmic events., Originally included in thesis in manuscript form with title: "Changes in heart rate variability during surgical stages to completed Fontan circulation"

Samhället står inför stora utmaningar för att globalt, regionalt och lokalt minska de klimat- och miljömässiga avtrycken till följd av antropogena aktiviteter. Transportsektorn står globalt för drygt en fjärdedel av utsläppta växthusgaser vilket varit en bidragande drivkraft till miljöavtal som kräver alternativa bränslen, reducerad användning och energieffektiviseringstekniker för att uppnås. Sverige har globalt den högsta andelen förnyelsebara bränslen (23 % år 2019) men tros, enligt trender, skifta till en mer elektrifierad fordonsflotta, som del i att uppnå miljömålen för transportsektorn. Ackumulerat effektuttag för laddbara fordon har visat sig orsaka försörjnings- och distributionsutmaningar i elnätet vilket detta arbete djupdykt kring. Syftet med detta arbete är att på en tidigare minimalt utforskad stads-skala utvärdera en stads utsatt- och robusthet gentemot olika prognostiserade elektrifieringstrender för 2030 - vilket gjorts på Tekniska verken i Linköping AB:s nät. Två scenarier, ett förutsägande och ett explorativt, har utifrån litteratur och omvärldsgranskning skapats i kombination med simulering på Linköping stads befintliga elnät för att uppskatta nya belastningsgrader och spänningsfall. Med det explorativa scenariot som referens har även framtida "smarta-nät"-lösningar (ellagring, Vehicle-to-grid/house, flexibilitetsmarknader m.fl.) demonstrativt visat potentialen hos laststyrning som alternativ till traditionell elnätsförstärkning. Förutom rent eltekniska aspekter och statistiska trender har även externa utvecklingsfaktorer, till följd av omställningen av transportsektorns multidimensionella och komplexa påverkanssamband, utvärderats. Utblickar mot den globalt ledande norska elbilssituationen, institutionella styrmedel, alternativa bränslen samt socio-tekniska och kulturella värderingar har likaså vägts in under diskussion och analys. Resultaten och inverkande omvärldsanalyser indikerar, utifrån fallstudiens omständigheter, en mild utvecklingstrend

I denna vetenskapliga essä undersöker jag osäkerhet i det pedagogiska förhållningssättet. Osäkerheten som undersökts grundar sig i hur jag som professionell ska förhålla mig till huruvida aktiviteternas som erbjuds på fritidshemmet ska utformas med en obligatorisk delaktighet eller en frivillig delaktighet. Vad är det som påverkar och bidrar till att denna osäkerhet i det pedagogiska förhållningssättet uppstår? Jag undersöker dessa frågor genom att med hjälp av teorier och litteratur lyfta anledningar och bidragande faktorer till varför denna osäkerhet kan uppstå och hur detta påverkar mitt professionella omdöme. Genom att lyfta anledningar och bidragande faktorer till att osäkerheten uppstår reflekterar jag sedan vidare i hur detta kan användas i mitt pedagogiska förhållningssätt gällande deltagandet i aktiviteterna och för den egna professionsutvecklingen., In this scholarly essay I examine insecurity in the pedagogical approach. The insecurity that’s examined is based in how I as a professional should approach wheter the activities that are offered in the leisure-time centre should be designed with a mandatory participation or a voluntary participation. What affects and contribute to the emerging of this insecurity in the pedagogical approach? I examine theese questions by with the help of teories and litterateur raise reasons and contributory factors to why this insecurity emerge and how this affect myprofessional judgment. By raising reasons and contributory factors to the emerging of the insecurity I then continue to reflect how this may be used in my pedagogical approach regarding the participation in the activities and for the personal professional development.

Bakgrund: Mekaniskt ventilationsstöd används till patienter för att säkerställa ett tillfredsställande gasutbyte mellan koldioxid och syre. Avvänjningsprocessen från mekaniskt ventilationsstöd är påfrestande för patienten. Sjuksköterskor som arbetar med denna patientkategori ställs in för utmaningar som fodrar stor kunskap.Syfte: Belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda patienter vid avvänjning av mekaniskt ventilationsstöd. Metod: En systematisk litteraturöversikt med kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Ur analysen identifierades tre kategorier som var lära känna patienten, beslutsprocessen och optimera förutsättningarna. Konklusion: Kontinuitet och kommunikation i vården av patienten upplevdes som grundläggande för att lära känna patienten och för att bedöma patientens tillstånd. Vidare framkom det svårigheter att använda standardiserade strategier i arbetet med att avvänja patienter från mekaniskt ventilationsstöd., Background: Mechanical ventilation support is used for patients to ensure a satisfactory gas exchange between carbon dioxide and oxygen. The weaning process from mechanical ventilation support is stressful for the patient. Nurses who work with this patient category are set for challenges that require a great deal of knowledge. Purpose: To shed light on nurses' experiences of caring for patients when weaning mechanical ventilation support. Method: A systematic literature review with qualitative articles. Results: From the analysis, three categories were identified to get to know the patient, the decision-making process and optimize the conditions. Conclusion: Continuity and communication in the care of the patient was perceived as fundamental for getting to know the patient and for assessing the patient's condition. The study described that there were difficulties in using standardized strategies in the work of weaning patients from mechanical ventilation support.

Cell-free Massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) is a promising distributed network architecture for 5G-and-beyond systems. It guarantees ubiquitous coverage at high spectral efficiency (SE) by leveraging signal co-processing at multiple access points (APs), aggressive spatial user multiplexing and extraordinary macro-diversity gain. In this study, we propose two distributed precoding schemes, referred to as local partial zero-forcing (PZF) and local protective partial zero-forcing (PPZF), that further improve the spectral efficiency by providing an adaptable trade-off between interference cancelation and boosting of the desired signal, with no additional front-hauling overhead, and implementable by APs with very few antennas. We derive closed-form expressions for the achievable SE under the assumption of independent Rayleigh fading channel, channel estimation error and pilot contamination. PZF and PPZF can substantially outperform maximum ratio transmission and zero-forcing, and their performance is comparable to that achieved by regularized zero-forcing (RZF), which is a benchmark in the downlink. Importantly, these closed-form expressions can be employed to devise optimal (long-term) power control strategies that are also suitable for RZF, whose closed-form expression for the SE is not available., QC 20220620

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur jag genom begränsningar kunde förenkla min kompositionsprocess. Jag genomförde kvalitativa intervjuer med tre kompositörer av olika bakgrund om vilka ramar och regler de använder när dem komponerar. Sedan sammanfattade jag och valde ut några av dem att följa strikt när jag själv komponerade för min sextett. Uppsatsen sökte besvara frågeställningarna: ”Vilka ramar och regler använder andra kompositörer som jag kan ha användning av?” och ”Hur kan kunskapen om andra kompositörers användande av begränsningar förenkla/underlätta min egen kompositionsprocess?”. Arbetet resulterade i två olika kompositioner som tillkom helt och hållet efter respondenternas respektive svar. Den tredje fick inte utrymme i arbetet och återstår att komponeras i framtiden. Genom empirisk undersökning visar resultatet att begränsningar av olika slag förenklar många delar av mitt komponerande genom att förminska arbetsfältet och därmed även antal möjligheter och val som behöver göras. Genom att använda mig av ramar och regler blir det dessutom lättare att behålla en röd tråd genom mina kompositioner., The purpose of this study was to examine how I could simplify my compositional process through limitations. I implemented qualitative interviews with three composers with different backgrounds about which frameworks and rules they use when they compose. Then I summarized and chose to follow some of them strictly when I composed for my sextet. The essay sought to answer the questions of issue: “Which frameworks and rules do other composers use that I can use?” and “How can the knowledge about other composers’ use of limitations simplify/facilitate my own compositional process?”. The work resulted in two different compositions which came about entirely from the respondents’ respective answers. By empirical research, the result shows that limitations of different kinds simplify many parts of my composing through diminishing the working field and thereby also the amount of possibilities and choices needed to be made. By using frameworks and rules it additionally makes it easier to keep a red thread through my compositions.