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EU's proposed revision of the EPBD (Energy Performance of Buildings Directive) contains a provision that residential buildings must achieve at least energy class E or higher by 2030. Furthermore, the objective is for all national buildings to achieve a netzero energy standard by 2050. According to the Swedish National Board of Housing, over 60% of Swedish multi-family buildings are classified within energy classes E, F, or G, which, in conjunction with the proposed revision of the EPBD, could result in a drastic increase in building renovations.By considering this scenario, it becomes relevant to investigate possibilities to optimize energy efficiency strategies on a case-study building, which is conducted in this study with digital simulation tools. Rhinoceros is the primary platform used to perform anenergy analysis and to use secondary plugins such as Grasshopper, Honeybee, Ladybug, and EnergyPlus. The last plugin mentioned generates a primary energy number for the building model, allowing modifications to the HVAC system and building envelope. Integrating DOE (Design of Experiments) and Descriptive Statistics methodologies facilitates building modeling and energy simulation, synchronized with a programmed script to produce statistical charts depicting the building’s energy performance. In compliance with the energy declaration of the case-study building, the structure is identified as a multi-family residence located at Östra Storgatan 81 in Jönköping on the real estate Censorn 7. Moreover, the year of construction was 1941 and the building currently possesses energy class E, which makes it suitable to simulate modifications to increase its energy performance.The simulation results indicate an upgrade in the building's energy class, advancing from class E to class C which is a two-step improvement on the EU energy classification scale. Specifically, the results demonstrate a decrease in the primary energy number from 110 [kWh/m2, year Atemp] down to 66.1 [kWh/m²

Den här studien undersöker hur outnyttjade platser kan användas genom temporär användning ur ett socialt syfte. Vår uppfattning är att det finns en brist på platser i dagens urbana miljö som bidrar till delaktighet och gemenskap, som kan främja social inkludering och ett mer jämlikt samhälle. Samtidigt finns det outnyttjade platser i staden, vilket kan bero på olika anledningar, som exempelvis ekonomiska aspekter eller väntan på exploatering. Temporär användning är idag en erkänd metod för att aktivera dessa platser under en viss tidsperiod. Frågan går dock att ställa hur detta kan användas ur ett socialt, samt solidariskt perspektiv och således bidra till ett mer jämlikt samhälle. För att besvara denna fråga har vi utfört en empirisk undersökning av det franska temporära projektet Coco Velten, samt projektets grundare Yes We Camp. Genom denna empiriska undersökning, tillsammans med stöd av teorier, har vi kommit fram till att outnyttjade platser kan användas temporärt för att bidra till ett mer inkluderande och jämlikt samhälle. Samtidigt måste inte temporär användning i sig nödvändigtvis bidra till detta, utan det handlar snarare om hur dessa platser utformas, samt dess syfte. I det studerade Coco Velten går det utläsa att projektet svarade upp på olika samhällsproblem genom att hjälpa människor i utsatta situationer. För att åstadkomma detta implementerades flera olika användningsområden i projektet, en av dessa var de gemensamma platserna som utformades genom kollektiva metoder. Genom studien visas att de gemensamma platserna kan ses som särskilt vitala för att öka delaktigheten genom den temporära användningen och skapa förutsättningar för jämlikhet och social inkludering. Studien visar även att dessa projekt bygger på en viss föreningskultur och ett samarbete mellan olika samhällsaktörer. Avslutningsvis belyser studien vissa utmaningar med temporära projekt. Studien visar att den temporära användningen med ett socialt perspektiv kräver ideellt arbete och männi, This thesis explores how unused spaces can be utilised through temporary use for social purposes. It is our view that there is a lack of spaces in today's urban environment that contribute to participation and community, which can promote social inclusion and a more equal society. At the same time, there are vacant spaces in the city, which may be due to various factors, including economic considerations or a lack of immediate development opportunities. Temporary use is now recognised as a means of activating these spaces for a specified period. However, it is necessary to consider whether this can be used from a social and solidarity perspective, and thus contribute to a more equal society. To answer this question, an empirical study of the French temporary project Coco Velten, and its founder Yes We Camp, was conducted. Through this empirical investigation, together with the support of theories, it was concluded that unused spaces can be used temporarily to contribute to a more inclusive and equal society. It is important to note that temporary use in itself does not necessarily contribute to the desired outcome. Rather, it is about how these places are designed and what they are used for. In the Coco Velten case study, it is evident that the project addressed various societal issues by assisting individuals in vulnerable situations. To achieve this, several different uses were implemented in the project, including common spaces designed through collective methods. The study indicates that the common spaces can be regarded as particularly significant in terms of increasing participation through the temporary use of the spaces and creating conditions for equality and social inclusion. The study also shows that these projects are based on a certain culture of association and collaboration between various social actors. Finally, the study identifies some challenges associated with temporary projects. The study indicates that temporary use with a social perspective re

The pentraxin C-reactive protein (CRP) is a pentameric protein now known to be able to undergo dissociation into a monomeric, modified isoform, referred to as mCRP. In carefully assessing the bioactivities of each isoform, mCRP has strong pro-inflammatory activities while pCRP has mild anti-inflammatory activities. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease characterized by a vast number of autoantibodies, including anti-CRP autoan-tibodies which have been associated with SLE disease activity and lupus nephritis. The origin of these autoan-tibodies is currently unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated in SLE pathogenesis as they can expose nuclear antigens on their outside surface, thereby being a potential adjuvant for the generation of au-toantibodies. Herein, we studied exposure of both pCRP and mCRP on EVs in SLE plasma and the implications of each in disease activity, organ damage and clinical manifestations. We used flow cytometry to detect CRP iso-forms on EV surfaces in 67 well-characterized SLE patients and 60 sex-and age-matched healthy controls. Au-toantibodies against mCRP were measured using ELISA. We found an abundance of both pCRP and mCRP on SLE EVs compared to controls. Furthermore, mCRP+ but not pCRP+ EVs were elevated in patients with active disease and in anti-CRP positive patients. The proportions of mCRP+ EVs were lower in patients with acquired organ damage, especially in patients with lupus nephritis (LN), and displayed an inverse relationship with disease duration in LN and patients with active disease. Speculatively, these data suggest EV-bound mCRP as a relevant factor in SLE pathogenesis, which could contribute to development of anti-CRP autoantibodies by stimulating an immune response., Funding Agencies|Swedish Rheumatism Association [R-939149]; Region Ostergotland (ALF Grants); Gustafsson Foundation; King Gustaf Vs 80-year Anniversary foundation [FAI-2020-0663]; King Gustaf V and Queen Victorias Freemasons foundation [2017-21]

The Construction sector is one of the biggest contributors to climate change. During 2020 the sector was responsible for 20% out of Sweden's total emitted greenhouse gases. The choice of construction materials is one of the key factors that decides a building’s or facility’s carbon footprint. The purpose of this paper is to research if Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) can be a viable option to conventional steel reinforcement. The aim of this work is to find an answer to the following question “What is it that prevents us in Sweden from using FRP reinforcement in concrete?”. We have carried out calculations on a simple reinforced Concrete Beam and a reinforced concrete wall with different rebars (steel and FRP) according to Eurocode to assess the reliability of using FRP in concrete. The part of the study where carbon footprint is analyzed derives from two Environmental Product Declarations (EPD). The product Combar is one type of fiber reinforced polymer and represents FRP in this study. The steel reinforcement is represented by K500C-T. Results indicate that Combar can be a good alternative to steel with the right circumstances. The lack of standard and high carbon footprint are the two main factors which limits the use of FRP at the moment.During 2023 the goal for the European Commission for standardization is to release updated standards that include a calculation process for FRP. With the upcoming release of the new standard, our thesis is that FRP will get a wider range of use in Sweden. This is because a new standard will help the industry to be more aware of the benefits of using FRP

This article examines how commercial sport entrepreneurs position themselves and their businesses in relation to Swedish voluntary youth clubsport. The study investigates the various positions that entrepreneurs takein relation to youth sport and the discourses surrounding it from the perspective of entrepreneurs. In the results, three different positions are highlighted: 1) The regular, passionate child and youth sport enthusiast; 2) theentrepreneurs as complementary actors in relation to organized sports;and 3) the position of entrepreneurs in relation to the surrounding society.In conclusion, the entrepreneurs do not position themselves as a threatto the Swedish sport movement. But at the same time, they assert, in diverse ways, that their business surpasses those of sport clubs in terms ofproviding sport for children and youth. Furthermore, they appear to position their services towards selected families over others, operating withina framework in which child and youth sports are increasingly treated as acommodifiable entity in contemporary society

Henriksdals reningsverk i Stockholm byggs nu ut och om för ökad kapacitet (från 0,8 till 1,6 miljoner PE) och för förbättrad reningsgrad (6 mg TN/l, 0,20 mg TP/L, 5 mg BOD7/l). Projektet inkluderar uppgradering av den befintliga konventionella aktivslamprocessen till en ny membranbioreaktorprocess (MBR) med mer än 1,6 m2 installerad membranyta. Det inkluderar även utökad förbehandling och ett nytt steg för primärslamförtjockning. Termofil rötning av tjockt slam (~6 % TS) vid hög organisk belastning och relativt låg uppehållstid kommer ersätta dagens mesofila rötning. För att öka kunskapen om MBR-teknik i nordiskt klimat har Stockholm Vatten och Avfall (SVOA) och IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet genomfört långtidsstudier på en membranprocess i pilotskala på FoU-anläggningen Hammarby Sjöstadsverk, som ligger i anslutning till Henriksdals reningsverk. MBR-piloten togs i drift 2013 och byggdes om till sin nuvarande utformning under 2016. År 2017 kompletterades MBR-piloten med en slamlinje för att kunna studera olika aspekter av slamrötning.Under 2021 kördes MBR-piloten med ett fast inflöde på 4,1 m3/h, vilket är 37 % högre än det designade medelflödet, med externt tillförskaffad glycerol och internt producerad VFA-kolkälla för efterdenitrifikation. Aluminium (PAX) användes i stället för trevärt järn (PIX) som komplement till tvåvärt järn (FeSO4) för fosforutfällning. Detta gjordes för att testa driftstrategin för den första MBR-linjen i Henriksdals reningsverk. Medelhalter av kväve och fosfor i utgående vatten var 3,9 mg TN/L respektive 0,07 mg TP/L, vilket innebär att utsläppsvärden uppfylldes även i år. För att uppnå detta krävdes 8,6 g Fe2+/m3 och 0,9 g Al3+/m3. Under försök med fluxförhöjare tillsattes totalt 17,8 g järn (Fe2++ Fe3+)/m3. Glyceroldosen motsvarade 17,3 g COD/m3, och för användning av internt producerad VFA motsvarande dosen 15,5 g COD/m3. Den något högre förbrukningen av fosforfällningskemikalier jämfört med 2020, 1,29 mol metall per mol avlägsnad fosfor, Henriksdal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Stockholm is currently being extended and rebuilt for increased capacity (from 0.8 to 1.6 million PE) and enhanced treatment efficiency (6 mg TN/L, 0.20 mg TP/L, 5 mg BOD7/L). The reconstruction includes retrofitting of the existing conventional activated sludge (CAS) tanks with a new membrane bioreactor (MBR) process containing 1.6 million m2 of membrane area. It also includes extended pretreatment and a new treatment step for thickening of primary sludge. Digestion of thick sludge (~6 % TS) will be done at thermophilic conditions, unlike today’s mesophilic operation, with high organic load and relatively short retention time. To increase the knowledge of MBRs in Nordic conditions, Stockholm Vatten och Avfall (SVOA) and IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute have conducted long-term MBR studies in pilot scale at the R&D-facility Hammarby Sjöstadsverk, located on the premises of the Henriksdal WWTP. The MBR-pilot was taken into operation in 2013 and was reconstructed to its current configuration in 2016. In 2017 the MBR pilot was supplemented with a sludge treatment line to study different aspects of sludge digestion. During 2021, the MBR-pilot was operated at a fixed inflow of 4.1 m3/h, which is 37 % higher than the design average flow, with externally provided glycerol as well as internally produced VFA as carbon source for post-denitrification. Aluminum (PAX) was used instead of Ferric (PIX) as complement to Ferrous (FeSO4) for phosphorous precipitation. This was done to test the operational strategy for the first MBR line in Henriksdal WWTP. The average effluent concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus was 3.9 mg TN/L and 0.07 mg TP/L, respectively, which means that the effluent requirements were met also this year. To achieve this, 8.6 g Fe2+/m3 and 0.9 g Al3+/m3 was required. During flux enhancer trials a total of 17.8 g iron (Fe2+ + Fe3+)/m3 was added. The glycerol dose was equivalent to 17.3 g COD/m3

Due to global warming, sea levels will irreversibly continue to rise around the world throughout this century. Therefore, coastal urban communities will need to adapt to new environmental challenges, such as more frequent and intense flood events. The participation of the public in climate change adaptation planning has been widely recognized as beneficial, but the roles and tangible value of citizens in planning processes remains a contested and insufficiently researched topic. In the city of Venice, Italy, a technologically advanced mobile barrier system designed for flood prevention serves as the centerpiece of the city’s climate change adaptation plans. This study sought to uncover how the level of citizen participation in the development of this system has influenced its construction and how it is currently being perceived by the city’s residents. In this context, the potential roles and outcomes of citizen participation in sea level rise adaptation are explored, resulting in numerous findings that build on the growing body of research that exists within this domain. Limited citizen participation in sea level rise adaptation planning was evident in the case of Venice—the findings from this study indicate that tolerance, transparency and corruption were significant factors in determining the outcome of the construction of the mobile barrier system and how it has been perceived by citizens. The findings allude to citizen participation in public climate change adaptation projects being both directly and indirectly beneficial to both citizen satisfaction and project development, but it should be noted that there are intricate links that exist between the level of public participation in an adaptation project and citizen perspectives on it. Therefore, the study posits that public participation is not absolutely positive nor negative in the context of public climate change adaptation planning, and thus more research needs to be conducted on how citizens can participa, Enligt FN:s mellanstatliga klimatpanel (IPCC) stiger det globala medelvattenståndet i en ökande takt på grund av den globala uppvärmningen. Följaktligen kommer kustnära urbana områden behöva anpassa sig till stigande hav och relaterade problem, såsom mer frekventa och intensiva översvämningar. För att kunna hantera dessa utmaningar krävs holistiska lösningar som tar hänsyn till de gemensamma värderingar och behov hos människor som bor i utsatta kustområden. I mycket av den befintliga vetenskapliga litteraturen inom klimatanpassning betraktas deltagande från invånare i planeringen av offentliga klimatanpassningsprojekt som något som är genomgående gynnsamt för utvecklingen av sådana projekt. Det finns dock en tydlig brist på forskning kring vilka specifika fördelar medborgardeltagande faktiskt bidrar med till dessa projekt i praktiken. I staden Venedig i Italien blev skadorna som orsakas av översvämningar uppenbara för nästan sjuttio år sedan, i november 1966, när staden drabbades av den största dokumenterade översvämningen i sin moderna historia. Sedan dess har höga tidvatten i Venedigs kustområde ansetts vara ett nationellt problem som den italienska regeringen har varit djupt engagerad i. År 1973 inledde den italienska regeringen en långsiktig satsning för att rusta upp Venedig inför framtida miljöhot. En av de avgörande delarna i denna satsning var ett system av mobila barriärer som strategiskt placerades vid de tre inloppen mellan den venetianska lagunen och Adriatiska havet. Syftet med systemet var att skydda staden från översvämningar när tidvattnet översteg en viss gräns. Under åren har detta projekt—som kallas MOSE (en akronym för experimentell elektromekanisk modul på italienska)—varit föremål för kontroverser och har lett till delade åsikter bland de inblandade parterna. Projektet har ännu inte slutförts, konstruktionen av barriärerna har hittills kostat över fyra miljarder euro mer än förväntat och dessutom har projektet missat flera förväntade slutdatum.

The world is changing, what has been known to work has been put to the test when both the geopolitical and the environmental climate are changing. War, a pandemic, material shortage, financial difficulties and an overall dis- tressed global transportation sector have shown that the ever-more important topic of resilience is crucial to stay relevant in today’s competitive markets. Companies are therefore switching focus towards ensuring sufficient supply chain resilience capabilities to handle these ever-changing situations on the global market. In this thesis, we focus on how Volvo SML is working with resilience today, and how graph theory and optimisation can be useful tools when analysing a supply chain’s resilience. We made a qualitative analysis by conducting inter- views with employees and comparing our findings with capabilities related to resilience. In addition, we conducted a quantitative analysis by constructing a simulation of the supply chain, comparing two topology metrics and two op- timisation metrics, to analyse the robustness of the aftermarket supply chain. We analysed the data and summarised the insights gathered from the inter- views using a resilience capability framework. Volvo SML proved to be agile and reactive when dealing with disruptions but is missing some key capabil- ities during the pre-and post-disruption phases. Some areas of improvement we identified were: robustness, collaboration and redundancy. We proved that the simulation is useful when evaluating the robustness of a supply chain, and we showed that a more flexible way of working would improve the overall robustness of Volvo SML’s aftermarket supply chain.

Internet voting (i-voting) has been researched since countries started trialing it two decades ago. Although several countries have abandoned their trials, some implemented i-voting in national elections. I-voting research discusses successful implementations of i-voting in countries such as Estonia, Switzerland, and Canada, which has generated many different factors for successful adoption. However, no systematic literature review (SLR) on i-voting adoption factors has been identified. The problem that this thesis addresses is the lack of a comprehensive overview on reasons why an individual decides to adopt an i-voting solution. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is “to identify i-voting adoption factors on the individual level”. This study aims to answer the following research question: “How can TAM be adapted to explain an individual’s intention to adopt i-voting?” A semi systematic literature review of 117 articles is used that contains articles spanning two decades of i-voting research. The scope is narrowed down to adoption factors on the individual level and include the non-technical factors: “Voter experiences and perceptions”, “Trust”, and “Education”, and the technical factors: “User experience”, and “Performance”. The technology acceptance model (TAM) is used to explain how the factors relate to Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) and Perceived Usability (PU) within TAM. A suggestion of an extended model is also made that includes other factors which were identified to explain individual adoption. Thus, the conclusion of this thesis is that TAM can in part explain an individual’s intention to adopt i-voting, but that it should be adapted to include the following additional factors: “Trust”, “Demographics”, “Education”, and “Voter experiences and perceptions”. Recommendations for future research on i-voting, limitations, and ethical and societal consequences are also discussed.

In the Nordic countries sport has a particular connection to civic society, and this is reflected in the Nordic governments 'sport for all' policies. The region also includes large voluntary non-profit sport organizations with an implicit monopoly on competitive sport. During the last decade scholars in Sweden have noted that commercial entrepreneurs have emerged in the child and youth sports landscape. However, empirical research on this phenomenon is scarce. Hence, in this article the aim is to map different commercial businesses and the services they offer on their websites. We make use of a Deleuzioguttarian inspired theory and method and a post-qualitative research practice, which is informed by an ontological (re)turn to realism(s) in social theory. We present four different commercial de-territorialization processes and discuss how they affect the Swedish Sport Confederation in different ways.

In recent decades scholars have noted a trend in Swedish child and youth sport, namely that businesses are emerging parallel to the Swedish Sports Confederation (SSC), Sweden’s leading ideally driven sports organisation. Despite this recent trend of businesses starting to organise child and youth sport, research on the phenomenon is as yet scarce. This is also true for the overarching research area of the commercialisation of youth sport. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to analyse how commercially driven child and youth sport in Sweden functions and how leading representatives from child and youth sport businesses perceive Swedish child and youth sport. The thesis consists of four sub-studies. Three of the studies are based on data from different child and youth sport business websites, while the other is based on data from interviews with leading representatives from different child and youth sport businesses. The results identify four different commercial de-territorialisation processes that have been established, or territorialised, in Sweden. These four de-territorialisation processes consist of businesses that target their services to different potential customers groups. They also identify how the different businesses produce immaterial values regarding child and youth sport in order to attract potential customers. These values are enunciated differently depending on the kind of de-territorialisation processes the businesses stem from. Furthermore, the thesis illustrates that in their website images the businesses often visually represent their ideal customers as white boys and girls who are actively pursuing some kind of sport. It also shows that the leading business representatives position themselves and their services as passionate sport enthusiasts, child and youth sport actors and actors in a changing society. The conclusion is that the commercialisation of child and youth sport functions in four different ways and creates boundaries between ideally- and

Over the last decade, autonomous vehicles has received an increasing amount of interest from industries and research institutes. For autonomous vehicles to properly function alongside human drivers, safety guarantees are a must. Safety in traffic is more than just avoiding collisions with other drivers, it is also necessary to seamlessly act and interact in traffic. Traffic is an environment rife with rules, both straightforward road rules, e.g. “stay in your lane”, and more subtle road rules, e.g. “give way to emergency vehicles”. Given the safety-critical nature of the environments in which an autonomous system needs to act, it is essential that the specification language chosen to encode its behaviour is able to express the full range of possible rules, both straightforward and subtle. Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is a popular specification language used in motion planning. While LTL is suitable to express many basic rules, more elaborate rules need to incorporate continuous measures of satisfaction. For instance, it is possible to formalize ``maintain the speed limit'' in LTL. However, there is a big difference between violating the speed limit by \SI{2}{km/h} and \SI{30}{km/h}, this difference can not be quantified by LTL. Such measures are offered by Signal Temporal Logic (STL). In our work, we have used both LTL and STL to encode complex road rules including allowable distances to obstacles, as well as more complex road rules for various situations. The aim of our work has been to formalize and verify safety guarantees for motion planning in autonomous vehicles. This thesis’ contribution encompasses three main venues of research in this area. First, current methods employed in formal synthesis for motion planning are too computationally expensive to reliably provide motion plans in real-time. To this end, we propose solutions to two different problems, scalability and guided sampling for sampling-based motion planners (Papers A and D). Second, we deal with the, Självkörande fordon har under de senaste åren uppmärksammats från både industrin och akademien. För att självkörande fordon ska fungera jämte människor i trafiken är säkerhetsgarantier ett måste. Säkerhet i trafiken är mer än att bara undgå kollisioner med andra trafikanter. Det är även nödvändigt att dessa fordon kan interagera och sammarbeta med andra trafikanter. Trafik är en miljö med många regler, både tydliga, såsom ``stanna i ditt körfält'', och mer otydliga regler, såsom ``väj för utryckningsfordon''. Givet den säkerhetskritiska karaktären hos den miljö där det självkörande fordonet verkar, så måste ett specifikationsspråk som kan uttrycka både tydliga och subtila regler användas. Linjär tidslogik (LTL) är ett populärt specifikationsspråk som används inom banplanering. Många grundläggande regler kan beskrivas med LTL, men mer komplexa regler kräver att man kan mäta graden av tillfredsställelse. Det är möjligt att formalisera ``håll dig till hastighetsbegränsningen'' med LTL, men det är en stor skillnad mellan att bryta hastighetsbegränsningen med \SI{2}{km/h} och \SI{30}{km/h}. Denna skillnad kan inte mätas med LTL. Signal tidslogik (STL) kan användas för att mäta sådana skillnader. I vårt arbete använder vi LTL och STL för att formalisera avancerade trafikregler för att t.ex. hålla avstånd till väghinder, samt mer avancerade trafikregler i olika situationer. Vårt mål har varit att formalisera och verifiera säkerhetsgarantier för banplanering till självkörande fordon. Denna avhandlings bidrag innefattar tre huvudsakliga spörsmål. Till att börja med identifierar vi att nuvarande metoder för banplanering har för hög tidskomplexitet för att tillförlitligt implementeras för att uppnå banplanering i realtid. Vi föreslår lösningar för två problem inom detta område, skalbarhet, och guidad sampling för sampling-baserad banplanering (Artiklar A och D). Vidare undersöker vi problemet med att formalisera trafikregler för banplanering. Vi föreslår en ny rum-tids kvant, QC 20220516

Norrlandsmodellen gör Umeå till modell för framtidens samhällsbyggnad. I Umeå. I Norrland. I ett Sverige som ska visa vägen mot tillgänglighet och demokrati i vår tid. I en värld som behöver läka ihop centrum och periferi, stad och landsbygd, konsumtion och återbruk. Medborgarna har redan engagerats. Och med dem i centrum öppnar sig en unik möjlighet att utveckla ett framtidens Umeå. De gamla europavägarna ger plats för framtiden att gradvis växa fram. Staden kan sys ihop och stadsdelarna får bättre kontakt med varandra. En hållbar livsmiljö, kunskapsstaden och kulturstaden Umeå får en jordmån att växa in de krav som ställs idag: smarta klimatlösningar, zero waste och ökad lokal demokrati samt självförsörjning. Allt börjar i medborgarna. Och fortsätter i samverkan. Välkommen till NORRLANDSMODELLEN., Ett iterativt manifest Med utgångspunkt i X:et och stadsdelarna kan: • idén om by-staden, den gröna staden byggd på gemenskap och samverkan, gradvis införlivas i stadendetta leder till en process där medborgarna är med och utvecklar sin egen stad, över tid och i process med politik, tjänstemän och näringslivdetta uppdaterade demokratisystem utvecklas genom ett förtydligande av stadens delar och dess möjlighet att genom stadsdelarna knytas samman genom X:et, möjligheten till den nya stadendetta utvecklas till en uppdaterad governancemodell, där erfarenheterna från den lokala demokratin tas vidare mot andra instanser, kommun, region, länsstyrelse och nationella organisa- tionerstaden kan knytas ihop så att det som efterfrågas av invånarna, kopplingar mellan stadsdelar, kan tas tillvara • infrastrukturen tänkas om så att biltrafiken reduceras, där den inte är nödvändig, och nya smartare transportsystem för både kollektivtrafik med större avstånd och för lokala transporter • ett matsystem utvecklas som medger en möjlighet till att fungera som staden anno 2028 och skapa möjlighet till ökad självförsör- jning, stadsodlingar och delningsekonomier och kopplas tillett designsystem med bl a nya prisrimliga bostadsformer som utvecklas stegvis och gradvis, som inkorporerar befintlig teknologi för träbyggnation med robotics, 3D-printing m.m. • fungera som ett innovativt drivhus och en inkubator för fram- tidens näringar i samklang med akademi och näringsliv och lång- siktigt skapa arbetstillfällen i Umeå med omnejd och med bäring på omvärlden, Publicerat av Rådet för Hållbara städer på Hållbarstad.se som ett resultat av det tvärdisciplinära teamet Norrlandsmodellens arbete i New European Bauhaus projektet Visioner i:Norr.Visioner i norr är en öppen utlysning där multidisciplinära team bjöds in att skissa på visioner för framtidens livsmiljöer i Kiruna, Gällivare, Boden, Luleå, Skellefteå och Umeå. Skissarbetet har delvis skett på plats i respektive kommun. Bakom utlysningen står Rådet för hållbara städer genom Boverket, ArkDes, Energimyndigheten, Vinnova och Formas och tillsammans med de sex kommunerna. Utlysningen är en inspirerat av EU-initiativet New European Bauhaus, som går ut på att uppmuntra arkitekter, designers, ingenjörer, kreatörer, konstnärer, forskare, studenter och andra att ta sig an utmaningen att skapa vackra, hållbara och inkluderande livsmiljöer. ”Visioner: i norr” är ett första steg i en satsning på att engagera många i omställningen av vårt samhälle. Skissarbetet handlar om att på ett visionärt, konkret och lokalt förankrat sätt visa vägen till nydanande livsmiljöer som värnar om människa och miljö. Det är bland annat satsningar på grön industri i flera av kommunerna som gör att de är intressanta och potentiella internationella förebilder när det gäller klimatomställningen och skapandet av attraktiva livsmiljöer., New European Bauhaus / Visioner I: Norr

Under 2020 - 2022 har Syvab med hjälp av medel från Naturvårdsverket och i samverkan med IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet genomfört en utvärdering av teknikkombinationen pulveriserat aktivt kol med MembranBioReaktor, d.v.s. PAK-MBR avseende för rening av mikroföroreningar. IVL har bidragit med att etablera och drifta pilotanläggningen. Teknikkombinationen har tidigare diskuterats som en potentiell avancerad reningsteknik, framförallt för rening av läkemedelsrester från avloppsvatten, men brist på kunskap och erfarenheter om tekniken har varit ett hinder för att betrakta tekniken som ett tänkbart alternativ vid svenska avloppsreningsverk (ARV). Etableringen av PAK-MBR-pilotanläggningen vid Hammarby Sjöstadsverk kunde avslutas under 2021, trots stora utmaningar med bl.a. förseningar orsakat av coronapandemin. Pilotanläggningen bestod av två identiska MBR-pilotlinjer. För en pilotlinje doserades det även in PAK. PAK-dosering till membrantanken gjordes med fyra olika PAK-doser (5-25 mg/L) inklusive en kontroll, och utvärderades för avskiljning av primärt olika organiska mikroföroreningar där bl.a. högfluorerade ämnen (PFAS) också ingick. Utöver de utvalda organiska mikroföroreningarna undersöktes även reningsgrad för hormonstörande effekter, bakterier och antibiotikaresistenta bakterier. Försöken med MBR och MBR-PAK hade två syften: dels att på ett generellt plan undersöka hur väl organiska mikroföroreningar avskiljs av teknikkombinationen PAK-MBR, dels att undersöka vid vilken PAK-dos som ledde till högst reningsgrad av de utvalda mikroföroreningarna. Resultaten visade att en mycket effektiv borttagning av de studerade läkemedelsrester erhölls med >80 % redan vid en PAK-dos på ca 15 mg/L. Även hormonstörande effekter avlägsnades markant vid 2 av 3 undersökta PAK-doser och i det tredje fallet var en lägre reningsgrad sannolikt förknippat med högre inkommande halter av östradiol till PAK-MBR-processen. PFOS (perfluorooktansyra, ett högfluorerat ämne), kunde renas bort myck, Research funders: SYVAB.

Driving styles play a major role in the acceptance and use of autonomous vehicles. Yet, existing motion planning techniques can often only incorporate simple driving styles that are modeled by the developers of the planner and not tailored to the passenger. We present a new approach to encode human driving styles through the use of signal temporal logic and its robustness metrics. Specifically, we use a penalty structure that can be used in many motion planning frameworks, and calibrate its parameters to model different automated driving styles. We combine this penalty structure with a set of signal temporal logic formula, based on the Responsibility-Sensitive Safety model, to generate trajectories that we expected to correlate with three different driving styles: aggressive, neutral, and defensive. An online study showed that people perceived different parameterizations of the motion planner as unique driving styles, and that most people tend to prefer a more defensive automated driving style, which correlated to their self-reported driving style., QCR 20210329

C-reactive protein (CRP) is well-known as a sensitive albeit unspecific biomarker of inflammation. In most rheumatic conditions, the level of this evolutionarily highly conserved pattern recognition molecule conveys reliable information regarding the degree of ongoing inflammation, driven mainly by interleukin-6. However, the underlying causes of increased CRP levels are numerous, including both infections and malignancies. In addition, low to moderate increases in CRP predict subsequent cardiovascular events, often occurring years later, in patients with angina and in healthy individuals. However, autoimmune diseases characterized by the Type I interferon gene signature (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjogrens syndrome and inflammatory myopathies) represent exceptions to the general rule that the concentrations of CRP correlate with the extent and severity of inflammation. In fact, adequate levels of CRP can be beneficial in autoimmune conditions, in that they contribute to efficient clearance of cell remnants and immune complexes through complement activation/modulation, opsonization and phagocytosis. Furthermore, emerging data indicate that CRP constitutes an autoantigen in systemic lupus erythematosus. At the same time, the increased risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis are well-established, with significant impacts on quality of life, accrual of organ damage, and premature mortality. This review describes CRP-mediated biological effects and the regulation of CRP release in relation to aspects of cardiovascular disease and mechanisms of autoimmunity, with particular focus on systemic lupus erythematosus.

Purpose: The purpose is to examine how IKEA works with customer brand co-creation and how it can be further leveraged in the digital era. Methodology: This paper adopts a qualitative case study method, where the primary data consists of an interview with a Social Media Specialist with pre-existing knowledge of brand co-creation at IKEA in Sweden. Furthermore, research about IKEA and the ways they work with customer brand co-creation has been collected from their webpage as well as articles on the topic. Findings: The paper finds that IKEA has identified the benefits of brand co-creation, but is yet to fully leverage this online on different social media platforms. A degree of control over IKEAs brand touchpoints could be lost when engaging in brand co-creation. However, handing over a degree of autonomy to consumers is necessary for valuable interactions and exchanges to take place. Furthermore, democracy is a core component in IKEA’s strategy for co-creation, but they should utilise two-way communication in order to build synergies that can further add to brand value and brand knowledge. Originality / value: Research within brand co-creation is available in this field of research, but does not fully investigate brand co-creation in the online space. The application of theory onto a case can add value to IKEA’s brand strategy through suggestions for improvement and enhancement of their customer brand co-creation strategy with practical suggestions. Keywords: Co-creation, IKEA, Brand Engagement, Brand Self-congruity, Category Involvement, Brand Interactivity, Brand Communities, Brand Value, Brand Knowledge, Web 2.0, User Generated Content Paper type: Research Paper

In this work, we combine a sampling based motion planner with path non-existence verification. We show that, using our approach, it is possible to: 1) provide termination criteria to sampling-based motion planners, based on the problem specific constraints; 2) generate a method for rejection sampling that can adapt to the scenario, for instance, leveraging the relative priority between constraints. Furthermore, we describe a language-guided sampling technique based on IRRT?, that utilizes the results from the path non-existence verification procedure to reduce runtime of the underlying motion planner. The approach is studied using route and motion planning for an autonomous vehicle that aims to service transportation tasks while constrained by rules of the road. We evaluate the proposed approach using a set of real-life inspired traffic scenarios. Finally, we show that the resulting runtime of a motion planner with path non-existence verification is significantly shortened when compared to the same motion planner with traditional termination criteria, such as a resource or time limit., Part of proceedings: ISBN 978-1-6654-3684-7, QC 20220413