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Syftet med studien är att bidra med ny kunskap om hur de estetiska lärprocesserna används i förskolans verksamhet, samt hur pedagogerna förstår begreppet estetiska lärprocesser och även vad de har för intention med att använda sig av estetiska lärprocesser, men också vilket lärande som pedagogerna anser kan möjliggöras med hjälp av dessa. Studiens empiri samlades in genom semistrukturerad intervju som innebär att den som håller i intervjun har färdiga frågeställningar som ska besvaras samt att den som intervjuar kan vara flexibel med frågornas ordningsföljd. Genom att välja semistrukturerade intervjuer fick vi möjlighet att ställa följdfrågor som uppstod under den pågående intervjun. Våra respondenter hade även möjligheten att utveckla dess tankar om det ämne som togs upp. Det var sex pedagoger från olika förskolor som var med och medverkande. Studiens resultat analyserades med hjälp av den sociokulturella teorin samt tidigare forskning för att synliggöra pedagogernas förståelse om de estetiska lärprocesserna. Resultatet lyfter fram att begreppet estetiska lärprocesser uppfattas olika samt att pedagogernas kunskaper och förståelse för dessa ämnen skiljer sig åt. Studien har även bidragit med kunskap om vikten av att kunna använda sig av alla de estetiska lärprocesserna i förskolans verksamhet, för att stödja alla barn och dess olika behov.

Taking a driver license is an expensive and time consuming process. This process can be facilitated by the use of modern technology. This report will address how it is possible to take driving lessons to the next level by practicing in a virtual environment. The goal of this project is to create a driving school simulator with modern virtual reality technology which will put the driver in realistic traffic situations for an educational purpose. Att ta körlektioner har länge varit en kostsam och tidskrävande process. Den här processen kan underlättas med användning av ny teknik. Denna rapport kommer gå in på hur man kan ta körlektioner till nästa nivå genom att öva i en virtuel miljö. Målet med projektet är att skapa en körskolesimulator med hjälp av dagens virtual reality teknik som kan sätta föraren i realistiska trafiksituationer i utbildningssyfte.

This report summarizes the results from the work in Task 1.3 of the SmartResilience project. Within the Work Package "Establishing the project baseline and the common framework", Task 1.3 contributes to a better understanding of the indicators for resilience assessment by examining the actual needs from the ones responsible for such an assessment.

This report is targeting a framing of what SmartResilience actually wants to measure - "resilience"-, taking relevant research results and existing guidelines and standards into account.This is especially challenging due to the vast variety of understandings, definitions, concepts and applications of the term, including usages in different research areas or fields of application. In addition, for the reason of this variety, a huge number of articles and reports discussing the term, its understangings and usages on a theoretical basis have been developed. Even several coprehensive reviews on the term, including qualitative and quantitative literature analysis as well as expert reviews, have already been conducted.

Across Europe, some 200 million people live in suburban areas in great need of modernisation and social uplifting. The SubUrbanLab project (2013-2016) aims to examine how these areas can be modernised and socially uplifted together with the residents and other stakeholders in order to turn them into more attractive, sustainable and economically viable urban areas. To do this, the project has developed and set up so called Urban Living Labs (ULL), i.e. arenas for innovation and dialogue that focus on solving challenges in the urban area by involving residents and other stakeholders, in connection to needed modernization actions in two suburbs, one in Sweden (Alby in Botkyrka municipality) and one in Finland (Peltosaari in the City of Riihimäki).

Across Europe, some 200 million people live in suburbs in great need of modernization and social uplifting. The SubUrbanLab project (2014-2016) examined how these suburbs can be modernized and socially uplifted together with the residents and other stakeholders. The goal was to turn the suburbs into more attractive, sustainable and economically viable urban areas. The project developed and set up six Urban Living Labs (ULLs): three in Alby, Sweden and three in Peltosaari, Finland. These ULLs were arenas for co-creation of innovative urban solutions and a means to develop new forms of experiences on involving the residents and stakeholders into development in an urban context. This booklet presents the main results and learnings of the SubUrbanLab-project. The aim is to support further use of Urban Living Lab-approaches among municipalities and other stakeholders working for sustainable development of residental areas.

Across Europe, some 200 million people live in suburban areas in great need of modernisation and social uplifting. The SubUrbanLab project (2013-2016) aims to examine how these areas can be modernised and socially uplifted together with the residents and other stakeholders in order to turn them into more attractive, sustainable and economically viable urban areas. To do this, the project has developed and set up so called Urban Living Labs (ULL), i.e. arenas for innovation and dialogue that focus on solving challenges in the urban area by involving residents and other stakeholders, in connection to needed modernization actions in two suburbs, one in Sweden (Alby in Botkyrka municipality) and one in Finland (Peltosaari in the City of Riihimäki). In Alby, three ULL have been established and implemented in connection to needed modernization actions. The first ULL “Shape your world” focused on involving youth in urban gardening in order to increase their knowledge about gardening and sustainability while renewing the urban environment. The second ULL “New light on Alby Hill” examined how to use new LED-technology and involve residents in order to turn a passage way for pedestrians in Alby, currently perceived as unsafe, into a more attractive and frequently used passage way. In the last ULL “Vacant Space Alby” ideas for temporary activities for a 9000 m2 vacant space in Alby Centre have been developed together with residents and other stakeholders. Three ULLs have also been established and implemented in Peltosaari. The first ULL “Energetic co-operation” focused on improving energy-efficiency of the rental buildings together with the housing company and the residents through technological solutions and increasing awareness. The second ULL “Sustainable decisions” involved municipal decision-makers and officials in developing preparation for decisions and communication related to energy efficiency and sustainability of building and renovation investments, in order to better take into account the agreements and sustainability goals of the city in decision making. In the third ULL “Together more” the focus has been on creating and supporting establishment of free or low-cost leisure activities in the area together with the residents and the established associations in the area, to increase communal feeling and attractiveness of the area. This report presents establishment and implementation process of the six Urban Living Labs carried out in Alby and Peltosaari, and is a continuation of the report D 3.1 & D 3.2 Selection of Urban Living Labs in Alby and Peltosaari. The lessons learnt in setting up the Urban Living Labs and results of the evaluations will be reported in D 4.1 & 4.2 Evaluation of the Urban Living Labs in Alby and Peltosaari. The report is targeted for stakeholders interested in establishing Urban Living Labs, such as municipalities, housing companies and researchers that aim at involving different stakeholders in different kinds of development projects in the urban context. The report should also be interesting for researchers developing and utilising Urban Living Lab methodologies. This report presents establishment and implementation process of the six Urban Living Labs carried out in Alby and Peltosaari, and is a continuation of the report D 3.1 & D 3.2 Selection of Urban Living Labs in Alby and Peltosaari.

Across Europe, some 200 million people live in suburbs in great need of modernization and social uplifting. The JPI Urban Europe SubUrbanLab project (2013-2016) has examined how these suburbs can be modernized and socially uplifted together with the residents and other stakeholders. The project developed and set up six Urban Living Labs (ULLs): three in Alby, Sweden and three in Peltosaari, Finland. These ULLs were arenas for co-creation of innovative urban solutions: a means to develop new forms of experiences on involving the residents and stakeholders into development in an urban context. The long-term goal is to turn these suburbs into more attractive, sustainable and economically viable urban areas. This report presents the evaluation of the six Urban Living Labs with regard to their impact on sustainability in Alby and Peltosaari. The report also discusses how well each ULL has lived up to the project definition of an Urban Living Lab. The evaluations show that the impact on sustainability has been varied. Evaluations focused particularly on the social dimension of sustainability, in line with the ULLs themselves, although it covers the environmental and economic dimension as well. Since the ULLs have been small-scale, contribution to sustainability has also been small-scale However, if the ULLs were to be developed further and up-scaled to other suburbs, the ULLs have the potential for a more significant impact on sustainability, both short-term and long-term. The evaluations further reveal that the ULLs have lived up to the project definition to different degrees. Some joint challenges with the ULL approach can be identified. For example, most of the ULLs struggled with the involvement of users and stakeholder, especially in the earlier phases of developing and planning the ULL. Although the ULLs have integrated a variety of stakeholders and organizations in the co-development of new solutions and ideas, few lived up to the feature of having the users of the developed solutions and ideas as active partners during the entire processes. The development and planning process of the ULL integrated to a larger extent stakeholders (other than users) while users were more involved in the implementation and evaluation process. It should be noted that, although ideal, it is often not practically possible (or motivated) to include all relevant users and stakeholders in all stages of an ULL. For example, it can difficult to know beforehand who are the most relevant users and stakeholders but also, as evident in SubUrbanLab, difficult to get a long-term commitment to the ULL already from the start. However, one can raise the question if the Alby and Peltosaari ULLs would have had developed differently if it were possible to engage more users and stakeholders at an earlier stage in the process. Other conclusions and lessons learned include a request of development of evaluation approaches to evaluate social sustainability and demonstrating cost effectiveness of an ULL and an understanding of the impact of the decision-making structures of public sector on the ULL process and function. The presented results are primarily of interest for stakeholders interested in developing and establishing Urban Living Labs, as well as researchers on Urban Living Lab approach and other participatory approaches. This report presents the evaluation of the six Urban Living Labs with regard to their impact on sustainability in Alby and Peltosaari. The report also discusses how well each ULL has lived up to the project definition of an Urban Living Lab.

Urban Living Labs are development environments that integrate residents and other stakeholders to develop and test new solutions in their daily life. The users of the new services or solutions are active partners in the whole development process, which happens in the real urban context. Urban Living Labs utilize various co-design methods for understanding the needs, generating solution ideas, presenting ideas and evaluating the solutions in practice. In addition, citizen participation methods are used for participation in decision making and taking action. This report presents the Urban Living Lab methods used in the project. The aims, set-up and outcome of the methods are presented and suitability of the methods for the modernisation and social upgrading actions in the project is discussed. This report focuses, however, on the participatory methods separately. A more detailed evaluation and analysis of the living lab approach, its suitability and impacts, including also the utilisation and suitability of the used participatory methods as a part of it, is presented in project report 4.1/4.2 Evaluation of the Urban Living Labs in Alby and Peltosaari. The methods that were most used for involving stakeholders in the Urban Living Lab activities of this project were interviews, questionnaires and workshops (face-to-face). This was due to the characteristics of the planned activities and the target groups to be engaged. For example in Peltosaari, the initial interviews indicated that the residents will probably not be well reached via online methods. This preconception was further strengthened by the resident questionnaire results. The social media tools and the events arranged for school children were introduced during the project and they seemed promising in reaching new groups of residents but it is too early to assess their influence on engaging people into participatory activities. The expectations of the outcome of the methods were in most cases met. Even when the number of participants was smaller than aimed at, it usually turned out that the result was nevertheless good. A great concern is representativeness of the involved group in cases where it is essential. The emphasis on the participatory activities in the ULLs of this study was on “Understanding people and issues” and “Generating ideas” which is reflected by the selected methods. A drawback of the traditional methods (e.g. workshops, interviews) is that they are quite laborious to set up. New methods and approaches should be further developed, explored and trialled with but that is impeded by the practical constraints: There’s less risks in utilising methods that a facilitator has earlier experience on and it is easier to estimate the needed resources. Also, participants are often more comfortable to participate in methods that are already familiar to them. If a new method fails when participants have been recruited, the chance for involving them may be completely lost. Based on the experiences from the study, the following topics for further research and development related to ULL methods were highlighted: - Enabling effortless interaction in development activities through embedded technology solutions - Approaches for engaging people who are not used to participation and those who are in risk of segregation - Potential differences resulting from using online- and face-to-face -methods This report presents the Urban Living Lab methods used in the project. The aims, set-up and outcome of the methods are presented and suitability of the methods for the modernisation and social upgrading actions in the project is discussed.

Urban Living Labs are development environments that integrate residents and other stakeholders to develop and test new solutions in their daily life. The users of the new services or solutions are active partners in the whole development process, which happens in the real urban context. Urban Living Labs utilize various co-design methods for understanding the needs, generating solution ideas, presenting ideas and evaluating the solutions in practice. In addition, citizen participation methods are used for participation in decision making and taking action. This report presents the Urban Living Lab methods used in the project. The aims, set-up and outcome of the methods are presented and suitability of the methods for the modernisation and social upgrading actions in the project is discussed. This report focuses, however, on the participatory methods separately. A more detailed evaluation and analysis of the living lab approach, its suitability and impacts, including also the utilisation and suitability of the used participatory methods as a part of it, is presented in project report 4.1/4.2 Evaluation of the Urban Living Labs in Alby and Peltosaari.

I denna rapport utvärderas projektet ”Nytt ljus på Albyberget”, som fokuserar på hur omfältsljus och ljusinstallationer med hjälp av ny LED-teknik kan användas för att ge en energieffektivare gatubelysning som upplevs tryggare och mer attraktiv. Projektet genomfördes på en gångväg på Albyberget, en plats som många boende i området upplever som otrygg. Genomgående för projektet är att deltagande och lärande utvärdering varit en central del och projektet har genomförts genom ett så kallat Urban Living Lab. ”Nytt ljus på Albyberget” är ett av tre Urban Living Lab som har genomförts i Alby inom projektet SubUrbanLab. Syftet med denna rapport är att redogöra för utvärderingen av ”Nytt ljus på Albyberget” med fokus på uppföljningen av projektets uppsatta mål. Målen var att skapa en ökad känsla av trygghet i området kring gångvägen; skapa en mer energieffektiv och attraktiv gatubelysning med hjälp av LED-teknik och omfältsljus; och att öppna upp för mer deltagande bland Albyborna och andra intressenter, bland annat i syfte att främja framtida dialogprocesser. Metoder som använts för utvärdering av målen har varit enkätundersökning, test i fält, utvärdering av energibesparing och löpande dokumentation. IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet har som projektets forskningspart varit huvudansvariga för utvärderingen av projektet. This report is only available in Swedish. English summary is available in the report. I denna rapport utvärderas projektet ”Nytt ljus på Albyberget”, som fokuserar på hur omfältsljus och ljusinstallationer med hjälp av ny LED-teknik kan användas för att ge en energieffektivare gatubelysning som upplevs tryggare och mer attraktiv.

Across Europe, some 200 million people live in suburbs in great need of modernization and social uplifting. The JPI Urban Europe SubUrbanLab project (2013-2016) has examined how these suburbs can be modernized and socially uplifted together with the residents and other stakeholders. The project developed and set up six Urban Living Labs (ULLs): three in Alby, Sweden and three in Peltosaari, Finland. These ULLs were arenas for co-creation of innovative urban solutions: a means to develop new forms of experiences on involving the residents and stakeholders into development in an urban context. The long-term goal is to turn these suburbs into more attractive, sustainable and economically viable urban areas. This report presents the evaluation of the six Urban Living Labs with regard to their impact on sustainability in Alby and Peltosaari. The report also discusses how well each ULL has lived up to the project definition of an Urban Living Lab.

Att involvera medborgare i det lokala beslutsfattandet mellan valen är en växande trend i Sverige i ett försök att vitalisera den representativa demokratin och möta de utmaningar demokratin står inför. Medborgardialogens nyttor, som ökad demokratisk legitimitet och ökat förtroende för politiska institutioner, framhävs av dess förespråkare. Samtidigt finns många kritiska röster. En av den främsta kritiken mot medborgardialoger handlar om att deltagandet sällan varken stärker eller ökar medborgarnas faktiska inflytande över det politiska beslutsfattandet, vilket riskerar leda till besvikna medborgare med ökat misstroende för demokratin. Ofta diskuteras medborgarnas inflytande, eller brist på inflytande, över det faktiska slutgiltiga beslutet eller resultatet. Men även vem som har inflytande över och sätter agendan för medborgardialogen har stor betydelse då mycket makt utövas i det politiska systemet genom möjligheten att bestämma vilka frågor som ska, eller inte ska, diskuteras. Medborgarnas potentiella inflytande kan således även begränsas genom vilka frågor som hamnar på medborgardialogens agenda och hur dessa frågor diskuteras. Syftet med denna uppsats är att genom en fallstudie av dialogforum i Botkyrka kommun mellan åren 2010-2014, och med hjälp av kvantitativa metoder för datainsamling och analys, undersöka och beskriva vilka frågor som står på medborgardialogens agenda och hur dessa frågor diskuteras. Detta för att få en ökad förståelse av medborgardialog i praktiken i en svensk kontext. Analysen visar att det som står på dialogforums agenda framförallt är politiskt icke-heta frågor inom området stadsbyggnad, men också icke-heta frågor kopplade till exempelvis skola och omsorg, ungdomar, äldre och trygghet. Medborgarna tillåts i majoriteten av dialogforumen fritt uttrycka sina synpunkter eller, genom diskussion, utveckla sina synpunkter tillsammans. Vid några enstaka tillfällen hittas politiskt heta frågor på dialogforums agenda, ofta kopplade till demokratiaspekter, men vid dessa tillfällen begränsas ofta medborgarnas diskussioner till att lyssna som åhörare och ställa frågor. Resultatet indikerar att medborgarnas inflytande begränsas genom medborgardialogens agenda, vilket riskerar att skapa besvikna medborgare med ökat misstroende mot demokratin. Fler studier kring ämnet behövs dock för att kunna ge en bättre och tydligare bild.

Across Europe, some 200 million people live in suburban areas in great need of modernisation and social uplifting. The SubUrbanLab project (2013-2016) aims to examine how these areas can be modernised and socially uplifted together with the residents and other stakeholders in order to turn them into more attractive, sustainable and economically viable urban areas. To do this, the project will develop and set up so called Urban Living Labs (ULL), i.e. arenas for innovation and dialogue that focuses on solving challenges in the urban area by involving residents and other stakeholders, in connection to needed modernization actions in two suburbs, one in Sweden (Alby in Botkyrka municipality) and one in Finland (Peltosaari in the City of Riihimäki).

Across Europe, some 200 million people live in suburban areas in great need of modernisation and social uplifting. The SubUrbanLab project (2013-2016) aims to examine how these areas can be modernised and socially uplifted together with the residents and other stakeholders in order to turn them into more attractive, sustainable and economically viable urban areas. To do this, the project will develop and set up so called Urban Living Labs (ULL), i.e. arenas for innovation and dialogue that focuses on solving challenges in the urban area by involving residents and other stakeholders, in connection to needed modernization actions in two suburbs, one in Sweden (Alby in Botkyrka municipality) and one in Finland (Peltosaari in the City of Riihimäki). This report describe the selection process of the above modernization and social upgrading actions for which Urban Living Labs will be developed and set up in Alby (Sweden) and Peltosaari (Finland).

Urban Living Labs are development environments that integrate residents and other stakeholders to develop and test new solutions in their daily life. The users of the new services or solutions are active partners in the whole development process, which happens in the real urban context. Urban Living Labs utilize various co-design methods for understanding the needs, generating solution ideas, presenting ideas and evaluating the solutions in practice. In addition, citizen participation methods are used for participation in decision making and taking action.This document presents the boundary conditions for successful Urban Living Lab implementation as well as methods that can be used in different stages of the development process. The report is targeted for municipalities, housing companies and researchers that aim at involving different stakeholders in different kinds of development projects in the urban context.Before starting Urban Living Lab activities, several things have to be checked and planned. First of all, understanding the context is important. This understanding can be obtained by interviewing people from different backgrounds, observing the environment and familiarising oneself with earlier reports written about the area and its challenges. The next tasks is to define the goals for the development project based on the needs of different target groups, identify the residents and other stakeholders who should participate in the project and involve them in defining the aims, clarify the roles in the Urban Living Lab and define a transparent decision making process. Finally, the methods for the specific actions and the communication process should be planned.Key success factors for Urban Living Labs are the early and continuous involvement of the affected people, clear goals and expectations, and acting instead of discussing. The methods must be adapted to the goals and participants. At its best, people can participate in the Urban Living Lab activities as a part of their other activities and see the effects of their participation shortly afterwards.

This report is only available in English.

This report is only available in Engliish.

The interest in alternative green solutions in cities is increasing in Sweden due to increased urban densification. As cities become dense it is usually at the expense of green areas. Creating green infrastructure on buildings, for example with help from different types of green walls, is a way to solve this problem. Many benefits of green walls are highlighted by its proponents, including a positive impact on the environment and health. The newest addition among green walls is so called living walls where the root system grows on substrate in modules or other system placed on the facade. These differ from the more traditional green facades with plants that are planted in the soil and then grow vertically up the facade. It is only in recent years that living walls have been built in outdoor public places in Sweden and a lot of knowledge and experience are still missing concerning the process and organization to plan, build and maintain living walls in Sweden. This study presents the experiences of challenges and opportunities connected to the planning, implementation and maintenance of living walls in a Swedish climate. Interviews with stakeholders involved in five existing Swedish living wall projects have been included in the study together with a literature review. The result of the study indicates a number of challenges and opportunities in connection to living walls in a Swedish climate based on six general areas - technology, plants, organizational and regulatory framework, knowledge and experience, finance, and operation and maintenance. Among other things, a lack of knowledge and experience of living walls is identified, both among the public and potential new customers as well as in the industry, which impedes with the development of living walls in Sweden. More good examples and increased dissemination of the knowledge and experience from existing living wall projects is requested. Meanwhile, it is already possible to see a positive trend with an increasing number living walls in Sweden where the knowledge and experience is increasing with each new project. This study also shows the importance of good cooperation and communication between the stakeholders involved, where especially the organization that is responsible for maintenance plays a very important role for the survival of a living wall. Experiences show that close cooperation, at an early stage of planning, between those who put up the wall and those who will later be responsible for maintenance gives a better end result, while the non-existent collaboration is regarded as a considerable obstacle for the later maintenance. More challenges include the management of advanced irrigation systems, plant survival during the winter and a high investment cost. This report is only available in Swedish.

IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet har genomfört en Översiktlig klimat- och sårbarhetsanalys av Haninge kommun. Syftet med uppdraget var att undersöka hur klimatförändringar kommer att påverka Haninge kommuns geografiska område, hur Haninge kommun bör planera för att undvika ökad sårbarhet samt föreslå anpassningsåtgärder. Resultaten visar att kommunen i stor grad kommer att påverkas av klimatförändringar. Till exempel kommer områden längs med kusten och i skärgården att riskera översvämmas på grund av höjda havsvattennivåer, och risken för lokala översvämningar till följd av intensiva och långvariga regn kommer att öka. Även risken för skador på kommunikationer och infrastruktur kommer att öka. Haninge kommun bör vidta eller verka för att ansvariga myndigheter vidtar anpassningsåtgärder för att minska sårbarheten för klimatförändringar.

Urban Living Labs are development environments that integrate residents and other stakeholders to develop and test new solutions in their daily life. The users of the new services or solutions are active partners in the whole development process, which happens in the real urban context. Urban Living Labs utilize various co-design methods for understanding the needs, generating solution ideas, presenting ideas and evaluating the solutions in practice. In addition, citizen participation methods are used for participation in decision making and taking action. Key success factors for Urban Living Labs are the early and continuous involvement of the affected people, clear goals and expectations, and acting instead of discussing. The methods must be adapted to the goals and participants. At its best, people can participate in the Urban Living Lab activities as a part of their other activities and see the effects of their participation shortly afterwards. This document presents the boundary conditions for successful Urban Living Lab implementation as well as methods that can be used in different stages of the development process. The report is targeted for municipalities, housing companies and researchers that aim at involving different stakeholders in different kinds of development projects in the urban context.

This report is part of the project GreenClimeAdapt – Green Tools for Urban Climate Adaptation. The project is running 2009- 2013 in Malmö, Sweden, and is co-financed by the European Union LIFE+. The objectives of GreenClimeAdapt are to demonstrate climate adaptation in urban areas using open green storm water systems with increased biodiversity and recreation value, green facades and green roofs. The project and its full-scale demonstrations have been implemented in the City of Malmö, Sweden. As the rest of Northern Europe, in recent years, Malmö has experienced problems with increased precipitation and local flooding, which has already caused significant material losses and remediation costs. AA

This synthesis report summarizes the results from the project "Comparing National Initiatives in an International Fragmented Climate Regime" (CompNat) that was carried out 2010–2012. The project aimed to analyze and compare the non-binding national pledges for climate change mitigation up until 2020, submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as a response to the Copenhagen Accord. The report aims to provide an overview of the research within the project. The target group is climate change professionals who already have basic knowledge about the "Copenhagen pledges", including negotiators, policymakers, industry representatives and researchers. The report can be read from the beginning to the end, or be used for quicker look-ups. Several project results have also been reported separately in other forum, including scientific journals, reports and seminars. However, some recent and more demarcated analyses are presented here for the first time. The project was funded by the Swedish Energy Agency and led by IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute. This synthesis report summarizes the results from the project "Comparing National Initiatives in an International Fragmented Climate Regime" (CompNat) that was carried out 2010–2012. The project aimed to analyze and compare the non-binding national pledges for climate change mitigation up until 2020, submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as a response to the Copenhagen Accord. The report aims to provide an overview of the research within the project. The target group is climate change professionals who already have basic knowledge about the "Copenhagen pledges", including negotiators, policymakers, industry representatives and researchers. The report can be read from the beginning to the end, or be used for quicker look-ups. Several project results have also been reported separately in other forum, including scientific journals, reports and seminars. However, some recent and more demarcated analyses are presented here for the first time. The project was funded by the Swedish Energy Agency and led by IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.

Idag är det fler stillasittande och otränade ungdomar än någonsin tidigare, och utvecklingen av det tekniska samhället leder till fler stillasittande livsstil. Fysisk aktivitet och inaktivitet har många effekter på människors hälsa. Syftet med studien var att beskriva faktorer som påverkar ungdomar till fysisk aktivitet.Metod: För att besvara syftet gjordes en litteraturstudie. Artiklarna till resultatet söktes i databaserna Cinahl och Pubmed, publicerade mellan år 2000 och 2011 där målgruppen för artiklarna var ungdomar 10-18 år. Antalet artiklar som användes till resultatet var 17 stycken. Resultat: Flera faktorer var betydande för ungdomarnas val av en fysisk aktiv fritid. De främsta faktorerna; kön, ålder, socialt stöd, omgivningen, livsstil och ungdomarnas självförtroende. Mängden fysisk aktivitet minskade med stigande ålder och tjejer var mindre fysiskt aktiva än killar. Då det visade sig att många av bestämningsfaktorerna var beroende av varandra är ungdomars val av en fysisk aktiv fritid är ett komplext val, där både inre och yttre faktorer påverkar.Slutsats: Eftersom valet kring fysisk aktivitet handlar om livsstil är det viktigt att göra tidiga interventioner för att motivera ungdomar till ihållande vanor. Det krävs även kraftfulla åtgärder från samhället då det bör erbjuda ett brett sortiment och en stor tillgänglighet av rekreationsytor och möjligheter för alla ungdomar, oberoende av ålder och kön, att vara mer fysiskt aktiva. Framtida forskning bör inriktas på interventioner då behovet av hälsofrämjande arbete hos ungdomar är stort.