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31 male patients (average age 44.0 +/- 8.5 years) suffering from borderline hypertension for many years were examined in comparison with 55 male patients (average age 44.2 +/- 10.1 years) having normotension. We used a conventional electrocardiogram and a two-dimensionally controlled M-mode echocardiogram to diagnose left ventricular hypertrophy of the heart (LVH). Electrocardiographic examinations did not clearly reveal LVH. Septal and posterior wall thicknesses measured by echocardiography as well as the calculated left ventricular muscular mass showed significantly higher mean values in patients suffering from borderline hypertension. An end-diastolic septum thickness equal to or larger than 11 mm and/or a left ventricular muscular mass larger than 155 g showed an LVH prevalence of 26 to 32 per cent in patients with borderline hypertension compared with 13 to 15 per cent in patients having normal blood pressure values. After the relativation of the values measured by the echocardiogram with respect to the body surface, there was no more evidence of significant values. Positive correlations were particularly found between the body weight and the echocardiogram parameters and not so much between the body weight and the blood pressure or the blood pressure and the measured echocardiogram values. No correlation was found concerning the duration of the borderline hypertension of our subjects.

In 376 patients who underwent gastroscopy the presence of Campylobacter pylori by microscopy, bacterial culture and urea test was studied. Additionally, the histological examination of the antral mucosa was performed. The organisms were detected in 47.9% of the biopsy specimens (37.2% in normal endoscopic findings and 70% in duodenal ulcers). Dependence on sex was not found and also no significant difference of Campylobacter pylori detection in patients younger than 45 years compared with those who are older. However there was a strong correlation between the presence of Campylobacter pylori and the histological results (p less than 0.05). In comparison with international literature we found a distinctly lower percentage of positive Campylobacter pylori rate in patients with peptic ulcer; the association between the presence of Campylobacter pylori and the degree of gastritis was confirmed.

Surgical instruments simulated to oscillate by means of low-frequency performance ultrasound are particularly useful for specific fields of application. A survey describes the technical principle of action and the development work carried out at the Technical University of Karl-Marx-Stadt in the GDR to produce ultrasound instruments for tumour extraction and aspiration, for the insertion of stomatological leaf implants, for percutaneous lithotrips of kidney stones and for the surface treatment of septic wounds.

In case of 380 patients (286 operated), who were followed up, we will prove the usefulness of an already some years ago by us recommended step-program with timely, personal and economically defensible expense for opportune and complete diagnosis of frequent fibular ligamentous injuries in the ankle joint. Measurements of x-rays in stress are demonstrated, also principles of treatment including operative-technical details. Only consistent measures offer good prerequisites for healing with restored function.

139 of 169 adhesive-bridges, incorporated from 1984 bis 1987, were reexaminated in 1988. The failure rate was 37.5% with a mean functional period of 27.3 months. The patients were in average 40.5 years old. Rate of success is discribed depending on the localization and pillar-link-relation. The peaks of loss were after 300 and 900 days incorporation period. Conclusions for indication, prognosis and methodical references are given.

811 patients from an orthopaedic outpatients department were tested by means of a neurosis-relevant screening method (BFB and VFB by Höck and Hess). Results from a questionnaire suggest a neurotic disturbance in nearly 40 per cent of the cases. The importance of psychosocial factors to the formation course and the prognosis of diseases of the locomotor system is being discussed. Ways to improve the psychotherapeutic knowledge of doctors working in the field of orthopaedics are considered.

With a goal to test the influence of individual traits of circadian rhythms on the tolerance of shiftwork a circadian questionnaire has been developed with the method of factors analysis. There are two scales in the final form of the questionnaire representing two chronobiological characteristics: morningness - eveningsness (circadian phase-position) and flexibility of the sleep-wake-rhythm. Sex- and age-norms exist for the two scales. Reliability and validity have been demonstrated. The results of an epidemiological study shows that the hypothesis of better adjustment to shiftwork of evening-types can not be verified. A better predictor of tolerance to shift work in terms of wellbeing seems to be the individual circadian trait flexibility of sleep-wake-rhythm.

Dose-distributions in radiation fields are calculated for purpose of irradiation planning from measured depth dose and cross-distributions predominantly. Especially in electron fields the measuring effort is high to this, because these distributions have to be measured for all occurring irradiation parameters and in many different tissue depths. At the very least it can be shown for the 6...10 MeV electron radiation of the linear accelerator Neptun 10p that all required distributions can be calculated from each separately measured depth dose and cross-distribution. For this depth dose distribution and the measured border decrease of cross-distribution are tabulated and the abscissas are submitted to a linear transformation x' = k.x. In case of depth dose distribution the transformation factor k is dependent on electron energy only and in cross-distribution on tissue depth and source-surface-distance additionally.

Liver cuts were performed on 21 Mini-Leewe-pigs and than closed with suture and by ultrasonic welding with Ligament-FIMOMED and Gelaspon. The sound pressure leads to the forced penetration of the monomere into performed gaps. The application of the ultrasound is sensible in order to force the polymerisation. The experiments resulted in the succesful closure of the liver wounds in all cases where ultrasonic welding of Fimomed-Gelaspon compound was used. Application to human medicine is, however, not yet justified.

Exogenic post-traumatic bone infection has come strongly into focus of attention, as compared to haematogenic cases. Complex prophylaxis against such infection, therefore, is of great importance. The initial phase of bacterial osteomyelitis must be identified and must be followed by immediate action, as early treatment is absolutely essential. That is why the routes of infection, which depend on the extent of injury and on the mode of primary treatment, as well as all areas affected must be fully detected. Substantial therapeutic steps should include radical sanitation, stabilisation (especially fixateur externe), different variants of drainage, and autogenic spongiosa transplantation. New results have become available also in the context of supplementary specialised antibiotic therapy and coverage of soft tissue.

Functional disturbances of cervical spine, shoulder-nape-muscles and cervicothoracic ligamentous apparatus were examined in 100 needle-women. 105 nurses from outpatients departments served as group of comparison. In consideration of signs of occupational load clues to occupationally caused overstrain were found.

Liver and spleen can be selectively skeletized by means of ultrasonosurgery (10-200 W/cm2, 20-40 kHz). These are technological solutions which have provided major prerequisites for low-risk oncosurgery. The technique (ultrasonic sealing) can as well be used in conjunction with monomeric tissue glues to safely and hermetically seal areas of resection of injuries in parenchymatous organs. It has yielded good clinical results in liver and spleen surgery. Based on stringent indication, ultrasonosurgery can provide benefits to patient and surgeon in both oncosurgery and traumatology of liver and spleen.

To estimate the hygienic relevance of a given air pollution situation the knowledge of the quantiles of an ensemble of measuring data is very important. A computer programme to determine the quantiles is presented. In addition to the usual method of ranking data it allows the calculation by use of the Weibull distribution function, which is important in the case of a small data set. First results of practising on this software are discussed.

In a case of a infant with congenital secondary acute enterothorax will represented, that congenital diaphragm defect must not be in evidence clinical directly postnatal. Dyspnoea, tachypnoea, cyanosis and intercostal drawing are the cardinal symptoms of the acute enterothorax. Clinical examination and X-ray technique of the thorax secure the diagnosis. Transthoracal and transabdominal surgical-entrance will weighed against one another, in which we recommended the abdominal surgical-entrance.

Endemic goiter still occurs in several European countries. Alimentary iodine deficiency could be proved as the main cause of endemic prevalence. Extensive epidemiologic surveys showed the great medical and economical impact of this matter for the GDR. Over 200 million Marks might be spent for diagnosis and treatment of thyroid patients per year. Also in the field of veterinary medicine and animal production iodine deficiency plays an important role. Under the conditions of iodine deficiency the fodder containing nitrate and glucosinolates (e.g. bruised rape extraction) results in additional goitrogenic effects (so-called indirect or relative iodine deficiency). Due to iodine deficiency disorders considerable losses of yields in cattle, pigs and sheep occurred. The content of iodine in animal products used for human nutrition was subsequently low. Considering the ecological implication of these problems an Interdisciplinary Iodine Commission within the Society for Endocrinology and Diseases of Metabolism of the GDR was established. Together with the governement authorities it worked out corresponding recommendations for the prophylaxis and control of its efficiency. In 1986 the iodination of most of the packed salt (32 mg KIO3/kg = = 19 mg I/kg) and the administration of iodinated mineral mixtures for the animal production were started for pigs in the whole territory of GDR and for cattle in the southern counties of the GDR only. These activities have been accompanied by information of TV as well as in the newspapers and medical journals. Thus, an improved supply of iodine to the population through iodinated table salt and animal products can be taken into account. The efficiency of these prophylactic measures is controlled interdisciplinarily.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The paper opens with an account of what may be entailed in traumatic damage to cerebral vessels and cervical vessels, and its pathomechanism. There follows an account of two cases involving traumatic cerebral infarction and the resulting problems for the expert witness. Ascertainment of the relationship between external trauma and cerebral infarction depends on the nature and degree of the traumatic violence (precise trauma anamnesis), the reaction of the organism thereto, and the seriousness of previous complaints (arteriosclerosis, causes of cerebral embolism).

A case of juvenile hereditary chorea is reported on in which there was repeated sexual delinquency. Our point of view in respect of psychopathological and forensic aspects of the disorder is set out.

Animal experimental anastomoses in the small intestine of Mini-Lewe-pigs showed that even sufficient anastomoses free of stenosis can be obtained by using the sticking respectively the ultrasound sealing method. The foreign-body reaction in the surroundings of the suture was approximately equally strong as on the gluten. All animals did not show any specialty in the postoperative course. The use of butylcyanidacrylic is possible in the human intestine as also shown in the literature. The use is indicated if advantages are to be expected in face of a suture anastomosis in clinical sight.

Indications, mode of referral, therapeutic methods, and documentation of the functional occupational therapy practised in the field of neurology are presented and experiences hitherto existing discussed. For many of neurological diseases, the occupational therapy may be regarded as an equivalent method to the medication and to the physiotherapeutic treatment. When carrying-out as group therapy, it is an economical way of treatment, and most of the patients take this kind of therapy in a positive manner. In addition to this, the occupational therapy renders possible that the state of the rehabilitation can be sized up.

Four of our own cases that presented a clinical picture of dementia are discussed. A study of the relative literature has failed to reveal any "swing" in the pattern of the clinical condition: Just as it did ninety years age, paralytic dementia accounts today for well over 60% of all cases, those clinical pictures erroneously regarded as "typical" "classic", accounting for a mere 10%-15% of cases. The need for routine lues serology is pointed out.

Among the chronic glomerulonephritides the IgA-nephropathy is one of the most frequent forms. On account of the possibility of the transition into the terminal renal insufficiency new ways for the therapeutic influence on this disease must be found. In the hitherto used therapy methods above all corticosteroids, cytostatic drugs, inhibitors of thrombocyte aggregation and antiphlogistic drugs were applied. According to the recent investigations from the application of eicosapentaenic acid and the use of plasmapheresis possibilities result to favourably influence the course of the disease and thus to prevent a progression of this disease. By the administration of diphenylhydantoin the IgA-level could, indeed, be lowered, but an influence on the course of the disease could not be proved.

On 98 hospitalizations of foreign patients admitted to psychopathic wards of the mental hospital of Karl-Marx-Stadt from 1983 to 1987 is reported. Basing upon whose course of the disease and under consideration of special literature of medicine, selected questions concerning boundary-exceeding psychiatry are discussed. The proceeding practical importance of questions regarding intercultural psychiatric problems is mentioned.

In some cases of hypertensive men the authors obtained 24-hour blood pressure profiles by easy non-invasive technique (Mercury manometer) and under the usual atmosphere and activities of a hospital. The control Group, 32 normotensive men, showed a normal circadian blood pressure variability with systolic acrophases at 10.00 h and 16.00 h and a bathyphase around 3.00 h. The diastolic blood pressure had a smaller variability. One patient with essential hypertension stage II (WHO), case 1, kept the normal day-night rhythm. By case 2, a man with essential hypertension stage III (WHO), the authors refer to the possibility of considerable differences of blood pressure behaviour during the night in cases of severe hypertension in contrary to normal blood pressure variability. After a supplementary fourth medication this patient showed a significant decrease of blood pressure during the night. Nevertheless he kept his acrophase at night. The recording of day-night profiles of blood pressure seems to be useful in relation to the judgement of classification of severity, of the mode of anti-hypertensive medication and of the success in therapy.

It is reported that a patient suffering from generalized idiopathic epilepsy accidentally showed continuous epileptic activity as spike-wave pattern during an electroencephalographic lead without observing any clinical changes to whom. This state having been ended by a grand mal, the patient could give unspecific subjective complaints for the period of the "bioelectrical petit mal state", but he was fully able to remember. It is referred to that the phenomenon of the clinical inconspicuous appearance and the missing amnesia are special features.

The technique of the power ultrasound was tested in vitro and in vivo in 20 porcine pancreas. Simultaneous temperature measurements and laboratory tests do not produce any restriction. Enzymatic disorders were provable adequate to the clinical course. The ultrasonic effect guarantees a nearly riskless dissection in the layer. Joining processes, by adding Ligament-FIMOMED, produced a waterproof occlusion of parenchymal wounds. The cross-section of the pancreas with the pancreatic duct was sealed sufficiently. Also the jointed pancreato-jejunostomy remained sufficient. The reaction of the pancreatic parenchyma to the power ultrasound was small. A scarred metaplasia evolved immediately at the adhesive as a chronic atrophic interstitial pancreatitis. Only in case of occlusion of the pancreatic duct this alteration comprehended the whole pancreas.

An examination was instituted to determine the effectiveness of maintenance therapy involving depot neuroplegics in out-patient after-care during an average follow-up of six years. At the time of examination, 172 patients treated with Depot-Lyogen showed statistically significant lower relapse and rehospitalisation rates, a reduction of the productive schizophrenic symptoms, and improved chance of rehabilitation, compared with 55 patients without treatment. In 22% of the 270 patients on Depot-Lyogen, there were early extrapyramidal side-effects, in 4.7% late dyskinesis, and in 4.3% depressive symptoms relating to medication. 35% of the patients did not receive consistent maintenance therapy. The improvement of after-care is discussed.

An own method of injector-ventilation is described. The technical basis for this is a newly developed apparatus system consisting of the device "SK 01" and a standardized injector tube.

The following paraganglia in the carotid bifurcations regions of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were studied: Endoneural paraganglia within the external carotid nerve, the carotid sinus nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve, and the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve, the so-called periadventitial type I cells, and so-called miniglomera. Number and distribution of these paraganglia vary among different individuals. After chronically hypobaric hypoxia the volume of these paraganglia was increased but their number remained unchanged. The increase of volume was dependent on the duration of hypoxia. There were no differences between young and old SHR when the hypoxia-time was the same.

A case of acute alcoholic hallucinosis accompanied by insane jealousy is reported, together with a discussion of various aspects of alcoholic psychosis, with consideration of the relevant literature. The most justifiable approach to the subject would appear to be one of a complex, multifactiorial ("universal genetic") nature.

A case of episodic manifestation of semiparalysis agitans is described, accompanied by severe demential personality change and precursory hallucinatory symptoms, which is made the basis for the discussion of aspects of mental disorders, notably dementia and symptoms resembling schizophrenia, in Parkinsonian patients. By way of allusion to Glass, a diagnosis including a very extensive, complex, symptomatology is made of a Parkinsonian syndrome.

A case is reported of the rare coincidence of mongolism and os odontoideum in an eleven-year-old child, leading to compression myelopathy in consequence of atlantoaxial dislocation, and an overview of literature to the present time is given. Recommendations on diagnostic and prophylactic measures are offered designed to counteract as early as possible the spinal complications of atlantoaxial instability.

Light-microscopic findings regarding the arterial blood supply of the carotid bodies in 145 Wistar rats, in 175 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in 14 rabbits were compared. In rats, only one glomic artery was found in each of 637 carotid bifurcations. In 2 bifurcations 2 carotid body arteries supplied the glomus caroticum, the glomic artery being of the muscular type. At the origin of the carotid body artery almost regularly intraarterial cushions were observed in rats. They were also demonstrable at the origin of first or second order branches of the glomic artery. Concerning the origin of the carotid body artery as well as presence and form of the intraarterial cushions some differences between the 2 strains of rats studied were detected. In rabbits the glomic artery was of the elastic type. In 2 out of 28 carotid bifurcations 2 carotid body arteries were found. In all other cases the glomus caroticum was supplied by one artery only. The glomic artery did not terminate in the glomus caroticum in rats as well as in rabbits. Many similarities between the light-microscopic picture of the internal carotid artery and the carotid body artery were observed in rabbits. Therefore a baroreceptor function of the glomic artery seems to be possible.