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5. Updated Radiative Transfer Model for Titan in the Near-infrared Wavelength Range: Validation against Huygens Atmospheric and Surface Measurements and Application to the Cassini/VIMS Observations of the Dragonfly Landing Area

Author

Es-sayeh, M., primary, Rodriguez, S., additional, Coutelier, M., additional, Rannou, P., additional, Bézard, B., additional, Maltagliati, L., additional, Cornet, T., additional, Grieger, B., additional, Karkoschka, E., additional, Le Mouélic, S., additional, Le Gall, A., additional, Neish, C., additional, MacKenzie, S., additional, Solomonidou, A., additional, Sotin, C., additional, and Coustenis, A., additional

Published
2023
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8. In the News

Author

Karkoschka, E., Cohen, P. A., Nathan, A. M., Rigoni, D., and Maure, F.

Published
2011

9. A new digital terrain model of the Huygens landing site on Saturn's largest moon, Titan

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Daudon, C, Lucas, A, Rodriguez, S, Jacquemoud, S, Escalante López, A, Grieger, B, Howington-Kraus, E, Karkoschka, E, Kirk, RL, Perron, JT, Soderblom, JM, Costa, M, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Daudon, C, Lucas, A, Rodriguez, S, Jacquemoud, S, Escalante López, A, Grieger, B, Howington-Kraus, E, Karkoschka, E, Kirk, RL, Perron, JT, Soderblom, JM, and Costa, M

Abstract

© 2020. The Authors. River valleys have been observed on Titan at all latitudes by the Cassini-Huygens mission. Just like water on Earth, liquid methane carves into the substrate to form a complex network of rivers, particularly stunning in the images acquired near the equator by the Huygens probe. To better understand the processes at work that form these landscapes, one needs an accurate digital terrain model (DTM) of this region. The first and to date the only existing DTM of the Huygens landing site was produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from high-resolution images acquired by the DISR (Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer) cameras on board the Huygens probe and using the SOCET SET photogrammetric software. However, this DTM displays inconsistencies, primarily due to nonoptimal viewing geometries and to the poor quality of the original data, unsuitable for photogrammetric reconstruction. We investigate a new approach, benefiting from a recent reprocessing of the DISR images correcting both the radiometric and geometric distortions. For the DTM reconstruction, we use MicMac, a photogrammetry software based on automatic open-source shape-from-motion algorithms. To overcome challenges such as data quality and image complexity (unusual geometric configuration), we developed a specific pipeline that we detailed and documented in this article. In particular, we take advantage of geomorphic considerations to assess ambiguity on the internal calibration and the global orientation of the stereo model. Besides the novelty in this approach, the resulting DTM obtained offers the best spatial sampling of Titan's surface available and a significant improvement over the previous results.

Published
2022

15. Titan's diverse landscapes as evidenced by Cassini RADAR's third and fourth looks at Titan

Author

Lunine, J.I., Elachi, C., Wall, S.D., Janssen, M.A., Allison, M.D., Anderson, Y., Boehmer, R., Callahan, P., Encrenaz, P., Flamini, E., Franceschetti, G., Gim, Y., Hamilton, G., Hensley, S., Johnson, W.T.K., Kelleher, K., Kirk, R.L., Lopes, R.M., Lorenz, R., Muhleman, D.O., Orosei, R., Ostro, S.J., Paganelli, F., Paillou, P., Picardi, G., Posa, F., Radebaugh, J., Roth, L.E., Seu, R., Shaffer, S., Soderblom, L.A., Stiles, B., Stofan, E.R., Vetrella, S., West, R., Wood, C.A., Wye, L., Zebker, H., Alberti, G., Karkoschka, E., Rizk, B., McFarlane, E., See, C., and Kazeminejad, B.

Published
2008
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16. Depth of a strong jovian jet from a planetary-scale disturbance driven by storms

Author

Sanchez-Lavega, A., Orton, G. S., Hueso, R., Garcia-Melendo, E., Perez-Hoyos, S., Simon-Miller, A., Rojas, J. F., Gomez, J. M., Yanamandra-Fisher, P., Fletcher, L., Joels, J., Kemerer, J., Hora, J., Karkoschka, E., de Pater, I., Wong, M. H., Marcus, P. S., Pinilla-Alonso, N., Carvalho, F., Go, C., Parker, D., Salway, M., Valimberti, M., Wesley, A., and Pujic, Z.

Subjects
Thermal properties, Discovery and exploration, Observations, Composition, Properties, Jets (Fluid dynamics) -- Thermal properties -- Discovery and exploration, Jupiter (Planet) -- Discovery and exploration -- Thermal properties, Jovian atmosphere -- Composition -- Properties -- Observations -- Thermal properties -- Discovery and exploration, Jupiter (Planet) -- Atmosphere -- Discovery and exploration -- Thermal properties, Jets -- Thermal properties -- Discovery and exploration
Abstract

Author(s): A. Sánchez-Lavega (corresponding author) [1]; G. S. Orton [2]; R. Hueso [1]; E. García-Melendo [3]; S. Pérez-Hoyos [1]; A. Simon-Miller [4]; J. F. Rojas [5]; J. M. Gómez [3]; [...]

Published
2008
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17. A new digital terrain model of the Huygens landing site on Saturn's largest moon, Titan

Author

Daudon, C, Lucas, A, Rodriguez, S, Jacquemoud, S, Escalante López, A, Grieger, B, Howington-Kraus, E, Karkoschka, E, Kirk, RL, Perron, JT, Soderblom, JM, Costa, M, Daudon, C, Lucas, A, Rodriguez, S, Jacquemoud, S, Escalante López, A, Grieger, B, Howington-Kraus, E, Karkoschka, E, Kirk, RL, Perron, JT, Soderblom, JM, and Costa, M

Abstract

© 2020. The Authors. River valleys have been observed on Titan at all latitudes by the Cassini-Huygens mission. Just like water on Earth, liquid methane carves into the substrate to form a complex network of rivers, particularly stunning in the images acquired near the equator by the Huygens probe. To better understand the processes at work that form these landscapes, one needs an accurate digital terrain model (DTM) of this region. The first and to date the only existing DTM of the Huygens landing site was produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from high-resolution images acquired by the DISR (Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer) cameras on board the Huygens probe and using the SOCET SET photogrammetric software. However, this DTM displays inconsistencies, primarily due to nonoptimal viewing geometries and to the poor quality of the original data, unsuitable for photogrammetric reconstruction. We investigate a new approach, benefiting from a recent reprocessing of the DISR images correcting both the radiometric and geometric distortions. For the DTM reconstruction, we use MicMac, a photogrammetry software based on automatic open-source shape-from-motion algorithms. To overcome challenges such as data quality and image complexity (unusual geometric configuration), we developed a specific pipeline that we detailed and documented in this article. In particular, we take advantage of geomorphic considerations to assess ambiguity on the internal calibration and the global orientation of the stereo model. Besides the novelty in this approach, the resulting DTM obtained offers the best spatial sampling of Titan's surface available and a significant improvement over the previous results.

Published
2021

18. Rain, winds and haze during the Huygens probe's descent to Titan's surface

Author

Tomasko, M. G., Archinal, B., Becker, T., Bezard, B., Bushroe, M., Combes, M., Cook, D., Coustenis, A., de Bergh, C., Dafoe, L. E., Doose, L., Doute, S., Eibl, A., Engel, S., Gliem, F., Grieger, B., Holso, K., Howington-Kraus, E., Karkoschka, E., Keller, H. U., Kirk, R., Kramm, R., Kuppers, M., Lanagan, P., Lellouch, E., Lemmon, M., Lunine, J., McFarlane, E., Moores, J., Prout, G. M., Rizk, B., Rosiek, M., Rueffer, P., Schroder, S. E., Schmitt, B., See, C., Smith, P., Soderblom, L., Thomas, N., and West, R.

Abstract

Author(s): M. G. Tomasko [1]; B. Archinal [2]; T. Becker [2]; B. Bézard [3]; M. Bushroe [1]; M. Combes [3]; D. Cook [2]; A. Coustenis [3]; C. de Bergh [3]; [...]

Published
2005
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19. New measurements of the winds of Uranus

Author

Hammel, H.B., Rages, K., Lockwood, G.W., Karkoschka, E., and de Pater, I.

Subjects
Uranus (Planet) -- Atmosphere, Winds -- Measurement, Planetary meteorology -- Research, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

Hubble Space Telescope imaging of Uranus in 1994, 1997, 1998, and 2000 revealed 13 cloud features, allowing the first measurements of wind velocities at northern latitudes not accessible to the Voyager cameras and new measurements of southern-latitude wind velocities determined during the 1986 Voyager encounter. Images acquired with the Keck 10-meter telescope adaptive optics system in June 2000 also showed some of the same features. Wind speeds inferred from feature motions--along with additional measurements by Karkoschka (1998, Science 280) and Voyager measurements (Smith et al. 1986, Science 246)--indicate a zonal wind profile that is asymmetric with respect to the equator. Small but consistent differences are seen between the newer data and a profile determined from Voyager data: nearly all the newer measurements have slightly slower velocities than expected. We cannot yet determine whether the source of these differences is a slowly changing Uranian wind profile or subtle latitudinal structure in a temporally constant profile. If Uranus' winds vary with time, this may indicate unusual atmospheric dynamics created by the 98 [degrees] tilt of the planet's rotation axis. Key Words: Uranus; Uranus, atmosphere; atmospheres, dynamics.

Published
2001

22. The Science Case for Spacecraft Exploration of the Uranian SatellitesA Science White Paper for the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032

Author

Cartwright, Richard, Beddingfield, Chloe, Nordheim, T, Elder, C., Grundy, W., Buratti, B., Bramson, A., Sori, M., Pappalardo, R., Neveu, M., Burr, D., Ermakov, A., Roser, J., Castillo-Rogez, J., Showalter, M., Cohen, I., Turtle, E., Hofstadter, M., Leonard, E., Pater, I. de, Patthoff, D.A., Masters, A., Fletcher, L., Ahrens, C., Andres, C., Aplin, K., Arney, G., Baillie, Kevin, Barth, E., Bennett, C., Beyer, R., Bierson, C., Bland, M., Bray, V., Byrne, P., Cabrol, N., Cameron, M., Chanover, N., Cochrane, C., Collins, G., Cook, J., Coustenis, A., Cruikshank, D., Ćuk, M., Daubar, I., Denton, A., DeColibus, D., Dhingra, R., Dong, C., Ferguson, S., Filacchione, G., French, R., Golder, K., Grava, C., Griton, L., Hammond, N., Hayes, A., Hawkins, E., Helfenstein, P., Hendrix, A., Hofmann, A., Holler, B., Holt, T., Howell, S., Howett, C., Hussmann, H., Hsu, H., Izenberg, N., Jacobsen, R., Jha, D., Juanola-Parramon, R., Jun, I., Keane, J., Karkoschka, E., Kattenhorn, S., Kinczyk, M., Kirchoff, M., Klimczak, C., Kollmann, P., Lopes, R., Lucas, M., Lucchetti, A., Martin, E., MacKenzie, S., Moses, J., Mlinar, A. Barr, Moore, J., Nimmo, F., O’Hara, S., Pajola, M., Peel, S., Peterson, G., Pinilla-Alonso, N., Porter, S., Postberg, F., Poston, M., Probst, A., Protopapa, S., Quick, L., Ricca, A., Roberge, A., Roberts, J., Robbins, S., Rodriguez, S., Runyon, K., Schenk, P., Schneegurt, M., Scipioni, F., Shusterman, M., Singer, K., Soderlund, K., Spencer, J., Spilker, L., Stephan, K., Stryk, T., Tiscareno, M., Tomlinson, T., Tosi, F., Tortora, P., Umurhan, O., Vance, S., Verbiscer, A., Walker, C., Weiss, B., White, O., Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute (SETI), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract

A Science White Paper for the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032; Uranian satellites imaged by Voyager 2, not shown to scale (NASA/JPL-Caltech/USGS, [55]). Puck (top left), Miranda (top middle), Ariel (top right), Umbriel (bottom left), Titania (bottom middle), and Oberon (bottom right).

Published
2020

23. First Results from the Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR) Experiment on the Huygens Entry Probe of Titan

Author

Tomasko, M. G, Doose, L. R, Rizk, B, Smith, P, See, C, Bushroe, M, McFarlane, L, Engel, S, Eibl, A, and Karkoschka, E

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

The Cassini-Huygens mission was launched on October 15, 1997, and arrived in Orbit around Saturn in July, 2004. The Huygens Probe was released from the Cassini Orbiter on December 24, 2004 and entered Titan s atmosphere on January 14, 2005. Here we give the first results from the Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR) instrument aboard the Huygens Probe during its descent into the atmosphere of Titan. Measurements were made by several different optical systems and sensors.

Published
2005

28. MP3 - A meteorology and physical properties package to explore air-sea interaction on Titan

Author

Lorenz, R. D., Stofan, E., Lunine, J. I., Zarnecki, J. C., Harri, A.-M., Karkoschka, E., Newman, C. E., Bierhaus, E. B., Clark, B. C., Yelland, M., Leese, M. R., Boldt, J., Darlington, E., Neish, C. D., Sotzen, K., Arvelo, J., Rasbach, C., Kretsch, W., Strohbehn, K., Grey, M., Mann, J., Zimmermann, H., and Reed, C.

Abstract

The exchange of mass, heat and momentum at the air:sea interface are profound influences on the terrestrial environment, affecting the intensity of hurricanes, the size of waves and lake-effect precipitation. Titan presents us with an opportunity to study these processes in a novel physical context, with a different sea, atmosphere and gravity. The MP3 instrument, under development for the proposed Discovery mission TiME (Titan Mare Explorer [1,2]) is an integrated suite of small, simple sensors that combines the function of traditional meteorology packages with liquid physical properties and depth-sounding : these latter functions follow the concept of - and indeed use spare elements from - the Huygens Surface Science Package (SSP,[3]). However, unlike Huygens’ brief and dynamic 3 hours of measurement, in TiME’s 6-Titan-day (96 Earth day) nominal mission enabled by radioisotope power, MP3 will have an unprecedented long-term measurement opportunity in one of the most evocative environments in the solar system, Titan’s sea Ligeia Mare.

Published
2012

29. Titan Mare Explorer (TiME): first in situ exploration of an extraterrestrial sea

Author

Stofan, E. R., Lorenz, R. D., Lunine, J. I., Aharonson, O., Bierhaus, E., Clark, B., Griffith, C., Harri, A.-M., Karkoschka, E., Kirk, R., Kantsiper, B., Mahaffy, P., Newman, C., Ravine, M., Trainer, M., Waite, H, and Zarnecki, J.

Abstract

The lakes and seas of Titan are a sink of products of photolysis in the atmosphere, and a crucial component in Titan's active methane cycle. In situ exploration of the seas is necessary to understand their intriguing prebiotic organic chemistry.

Published
2010

31. Comparing VIMS observations of the Huygens Landing Site with DISR and radar observations: implications for Titan geology and its spin rate

Author

Sotin, C., Karkoschka, E., Corre L., Le, Mouelic S., Le, R.H., Brown, Jaumann, R., Soderblom, L., Baines, K., Buratti, B., Clark, R., Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2009

32. Mapping Products of Titan's Surface - Titan from Cassini-Huygens

Author

Stephan, K., Jaumann, R., Karkoschka, E., R. L., Kirk, Barnes, J.W., M. G., Tomasko, E. P., Turtle, Corre L., Le, Langhans, M., Mouélic S., Le, R. D., Lorenz, Perry, J., Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Published
2009

33. Correlations between Cassini VIMS Spectra and RADAR SAR Images : Implications for Titan's Surface Composition and the Caractere of the Huygens Probe Landing Site

Author

Soderblom, L., Anderson, J., Baines, K., Barnes, J., Brown, R., Buratti, B., Clark, R., Cruikshank, D., Elachi, C., Janssen, M., Jaumann, R., Kirk, R., Karkoschka, E., Stéphane Le Mouélic, Lopes, R., Lorenz, R., Lunine, J., Mc Cord T., Nicholson, P., Radebaugh, J., Rizk, B., Sotin, C., Stofan, E., Sucharski, T., Tomasko, M., Wall, S., Wood, C., Cassini Vims Team, Cassini Radar Team, Huygens Disr Team, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2007

34. First Results from the Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR) Experiment on the Huygens Entry Probe of Titan

Author

Tomasko, Marty G., Doose, L. R., Rizk, Bashar, Smith, P. H., See, Chuck, Bushroe, M., Mcfarlane, L., Engel, S., Eibl, A., Karkoschka, E., Prout, M., Dafoe, L. E., West, R. A., Soderblom, Laurence A., Archinal, B. A., Keller, Horst Uwe, Schroeder, S., Küppers, Michael, Bézard, Bruno, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Coustenis, Athéna, de Bergh, Catherine, Combes, Michel, Schmitt, Bernard, Douté, Sylvain, Thomas, Nicholas, Gliem, Fritz, Lemmon, Mark T., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2005

35. Observations of Titan's Surface and Atmosphere from the Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR) on the Huygens Probe

Author

Soderblom, L., Tomasko, M., Archinal, B., Becker, T., Bézard, B., Bushroe, M., Combes, M., Cook, D., Coustenis, A., De Bergh, C., Dafoe, L. E., Doose, L., Douté, Sylvain, Eibl, A., Engel, S., Gliem, F., Grieger, B., Hare, T., Holso, K., Howington-Kraus, E., Karkoschka, E., Keller, H., Kirk, R., Kramm, R., Kuppers, M., Lanagan, P., Lellouch, E., Lemmon, M., Lunine, J., Mcfarlane, L., Moores, J., Prout, M., Rizk, B., Rosiek, M., Rueffer, P., Schröder, S. E., Schmitt, Bernard, See, C., Smith, P., Thomas, N., West, R., Pibaret-Bourdon, Béatrice, Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble (LPG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut fur Datenverarbeitung, Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Physics, Texas A&M University [College Station], Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), and Universität Bern [Bern]

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; DISR characterized atmospheric radiation (350-1600 nm) and returned images and spectra of the surface of Titan. Linear polarization of the aerosol haze extending to the surface is i ˜50% at visible wavelengths. Monomers making up the aerosol particles are modeled at ˜0.1 microns, several 100 monomers making up a haze particle. The extinction optical depth at the surface is ˜4.5 at 531 nm, ˜2 at 939 nm and ˜0.5 at 1500 nm. The near-surface methane mole fraction is ˜5% (relative humidity ˜50%); methane fog or rain at the landing site is currently unlikely. Below ˜8 km the eastward zonal wind dropped to

Published
2005

36. First Results from the Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR) Experiment on the Huygens Entry Probe of Titan

Author

Tomasko, M., Doose, L., Rizk, B., Smith, P., See, C., Bushroe, M., Mcfarlane, L., Engel, S., Eibl, A., Karkoschka, E., Prout, M., Dafoe, L. E., Holso, K., West, R., Soderblom, L., Archinal, B., Keller, U., Schroeder, S., Kuppers, M., Bézard, B., Lellouch, E., Coustenis, A., De Bergh, C., Combes, M., Schmitt, Bernard, Douté, Sylvain, Thomas, N., Gliem, F., Lemmon, M., Pibaret-Bourdon, Béatrice, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble (LPG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern], Institut fur Datenverarbeitung, Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Department of Atmospheric Sciences [College Station], Texas A&M University [College Station], Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), and Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)

Abstract

International audience; We will present the first results of the Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR) experiment on the Huygens Entry Probe of Titan

Published
2005

37. Depth of a strong jovian jet from a planetary-scale disturbance driven by storms

Author

Sanchez-Lavega, A., Orton, G.S., Hueso, R., Garcia-Melendo, E., Perez-Hoyos, S., Simon-Miller, A., Rojas, J.F., Gomez, J.M., Yanamandra-Fisher, P., Fletcher, L., Joels, J., Kemerer, J., Hora, J., Karkoschka, E., de Pater, I., Wong, M.H., Marcus, P.S., Pinilla-Alonso, N., Carvalho, F., Go, C., Parker, D., Salway, M., Valimberti, M., and Pujic, Z.

Abstract

Nature 451, 437-440 (2008) In Fig. 3a, the descriptions of the continuous and dotted curves were inadvertently swapped. The continuous line corresponds to the modified synthetic thermal profile (storms reaching [...]

Published
2007

38. Constraints on the composition of Jupiter's stratospheric aerosols from ultraviolet photometry

Author

Tomasko, M. G, Karkoschka, E, and Martinek, S

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Exploration
Abstract

The absolute reflectivity of Jupiter has been obtained in 50 A-wide regions centering on 0.221, 0.233, 0.252, and 0.330 microns from three series of IUE satellite spectra taken in November 1979. The data indicate a strong decrease in reflectivity for latitudes greater than about 30 deg, in keeping with Voyager measurements. An additional 24 spectra were also obtained in a west-east series along the equator, as well as near 40 deg N latitude. These data favor models in which the haze particles have effective radii within a factor of 2 of 0.2 microns. Near the equator, the haze aerosols produce much less absorption than near 40 deg N; the aerosol distributions and optical properties derived are noted to be more dependent on the assumed location and reflectivity of the top of the tropospheric cloud.

Published
1986

39. Erratum: Depth of a strong jovian jet from a planetary-scale disturbance driven by storms

Author

Sánchez-Lavega, A., primary, Orton, G. S., additional, Hueso, R., additional, García-Melendo, E., additional, Pérez-Hoyos, S., additional, Simon-Miller, A., additional, Rojas, J. F., additional, Gómez, J. M., additional, Yanamandra-Fisher, P., additional, Fletcher, L., additional, Joels, J., additional, Kemerer, J., additional, Hora, J., additional, Karkoschka, E., additional, de Pater, I., additional, Wong, M. H., additional, Marcus, P. S., additional, Pinilla-Alonso, N., additional, Carvalho, F., additional, Go, C., additional, Parker, D., additional, Salway, M., additional, Valimberti, M., additional, Wesley, A., additional, and Pujic, Z., additional

Published
2008
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46. Hubble space telescope visible imaging of Jupiter during the Comet crash

Author

Hammel, H. B., Beebe, R. F., Ingersoll, A. P., Orton, G. S., Mills, J. R., Simon, A. A., Chodas, P., Clarke, J. T., De Jong, E., Dowling, T. E., Harrington, J., Huber, L. F., Karkoschka, E., Santori, C. M., Toigo, A., Yeomans, D., West, R. A., Hammel, H. B., Beebe, R. F., Ingersoll, A. P., Orton, G. S., Mills, J. R., Simon, A. A., Chodas, P., Clarke, J. T., De Jong, E., Dowling, T. E., Harrington, J., Huber, L. F., Karkoschka, E., Santori, C. M., Toigo, A., Yeomans, D., and West, R. A.

Abstract

In July 1994, the fragments of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 plunged into Jupiter. We present preliminary results from analysis of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging observations of Jupiter obtained before, during, and after the impacts. We discuss observations of observed phenomena ranging from plumes to waves to atmospheric evolution. We report positions of all detected impact sites (we could not locate F, P2, T, U, and V). By comparing predicted and observed impact longitudes, we estimate the actual impact time. On average, impacts occurred about 8 minutes later than predicted, although this varied from on time to more than 15 minutes late. We also present an assessment of the relative size of the disturbance for each event. HST images showed the development of several of the erupting plumes (A, E, G, and W) over a period of about 20 minutes. In three cases (A, G, and W), we may have detected the incoming bolide, although alternative explanations for pre-plume flashes are possible. For fragments E, G, and W, we detected the 10 to 15 km/sec. A fascinating and unexpected feature of the impact plumes is that they all appear to reach the same height (about 3300 km) regardless of the size of the impactor that generated them. This point greatly confounded the impact modelers, who planned to use the plume heights to estimate the diameter of the impacting comet fragments.

Published
1995

47. Hubble Space Telescope Visible Imaging of Jupiter During the Comet Crash

Author

Hammel, H.B., primary, Beebe, R.F., additional, Ingersoll, A.P., additional, Orton, G.S., additional, Mills, J.R., additional, Simon, A.A., additional, Chodas, P., additional, Clarke, J.T., additional, De Jong, E., additional, Dowling, T.E., additional, Harrington, J., additional, Huber, L.F., additional, Karkoschka, E., additional, Santori, C.M., additional, Toigo, A., additional, Yeomans, D., additional, and West, R.A., additional

Published
1995
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49. MP3 - A meteorology and physical properties package to explore air-sea interaction on Titan

Author

Lorenz, R. D., Stofan, E., Lunine, J. I., Zarnecki, J. C., Harri, A.-M., Karkoschka, E., Newman, C. E., Bierhaus, E. B., Clark, B. C., Yelland, M., Leese, M. R., Boldt, J., Darlington, E., Neish, C. D., Sotzen, K., Arvelo, J., Rasbach, C., Kretsch, W., Strohbehn, K., Grey, M., Mann, J., Zimmermann, H., Reed, C., Lorenz, R. D., Stofan, E., Lunine, J. I., Zarnecki, J. C., Harri, A.-M., Karkoschka, E., Newman, C. E., Bierhaus, E. B., Clark, B. C., Yelland, M., Leese, M. R., Boldt, J., Darlington, E., Neish, C. D., Sotzen, K., Arvelo, J., Rasbach, C., Kretsch, W., Strohbehn, K., Grey, M., Mann, J., Zimmermann, H., and Reed, C.

Abstract

The exchange of mass, heat and momentum at the air:sea interface are profound influences on the terrestrial environment, affecting the intensity of hurricanes, the size of waves and lake-effect precipitation. Titan presents us with an opportunity to study these processes in a novel physical context, with a different sea, atmosphere and gravity. The MP3 instrument, under development for the proposed Discovery mission TiME (Titan Mare Explorer [1,2]) is an integrated suite of small, simple sensors that combines the function of traditional meteorology packages with liquid physical properties and depth-sounding : these latter functions follow the concept of - and indeed use spare elements from - the Huygens Surface Science Package (SSP,[3]). However, unlike Huygens’ brief and dynamic 3 hours of measurement, in TiME’s 6-Titan-day (96 Earth day) nominal mission enabled by radioisotope power, MP3 will have an unprecedented long-term measurement opportunity in one of the most evocative environments in the solar system, Titan’s sea Ligeia Mare.

50. Exploring the seas of Titan: the Titan Mare Eplorer (TiME) mission

Author

Stofan, E. R., Lunine, J. I., Lorenz, R. D., Aharonson, O., Bierhaus, E., Clark, B., Griffith, C., Harri, A.-M., Karkoschka, E., Kirk, R., Kantsiper, B., Mahaffy, P., Newman, C., Ravine, M., Trainer, M., Waite, H., Zarnecki, J., Stofan, E. R., Lunine, J. I., Lorenz, R. D., Aharonson, O., Bierhaus, E., Clark, B., Griffith, C., Harri, A.-M., Karkoschka, E., Kirk, R., Kantsiper, B., Mahaffy, P., Newman, C., Ravine, M., Trainer, M., Waite, H., and Zarnecki, J.

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