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1. Analysis of KIC 7023917 -- spotted low-mass ratio eclipsing binary with $\delta$ Scuti pulsations

Author

Gajdoš, Pavol, Parimucha, Štefan, Skarka, Marek, Kamenec, Matúš, Lipták, Jozef, and Karjalainen, Raine

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Times of minima of eclipsing binary KIC 7023917 show quasiperiodic anti-symmetric deviations from the calculated one with an amplitude of up to 10 minutes and a period of 200 - 300 days. These changes correlate with the observed variations of the light-curve maxima (amplitude and phase separation). We used photometric data obtained by Kepler and TESS missions to analyse the times of minima and determine system parameters. The phases and amplitudes of the maxima were measured to study the O'Connell effect. As an additional source of information, we performed ground-based multi-colour photometric observation and determined the radial velocities of the system from our spectroscopic measurements. We could explain long-term variations of the light-curve shape and times of the eclipses using the cold star spot located on the secondary component and the modification of its size. Based on our modelling, the system consists of a primary main-sequence star of spectral type A7 and an evolved, oversized secondary component with a mass ratio of only 0.1 due to past mass transfer. Calculation of absolute parameters gives us the mass of the primary component about 1.8 M$_\odot$ and 0.2 M$_\odot$ for the secondary one, and radii of 2.2 R$_\odot$ of the primary star and 0.9 R$_\odot$ of secondary one, respectively. The studied low-mass ratio eclipsing binary is probably a progenitor of the variable star of EL CVn type. A multiple-period photometric variability was disclosed in the TESS data ranging from half to two hours due to $\delta$ Scuti-type pulsations of the primary component., Comment: AJ accepted

Published
2024
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2. The PLATO Mission

Author

Rauer, Heike, Aerts, Conny, Cabrera, Juan, Deleuil, Magali, Erikson, Anders, Gizon, Laurent, Goupil, Mariejo, Heras, Ana, Lorenzo-Alvarez, Jose, Marliani, Filippo, Martin-Garcia, Cesar, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, O'Rourke, Laurence, Osborn, Hugh, Pagano, Isabella, Piotto, Giampaolo, Pollacco, Don, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Ramsay, Gavin, Udry, Stéphane, Appourchaux, Thierry, Benz, Willy, Brandeker, Alexis, Güdel, Manuel, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kabath, Petr, Kjeldsen, Hans, Min, Michiel, Santos, Nuno, Smith, Alan, Suarez, Juan-Carlos, Werner, Stephanie C., Aboudan, Alessio, Abreu, Manuel, Acuña, Lorena, Adams, Moritz, Adibekyan, Vardan, Affer, Laura, Agneray, François, Agnor, Craig, Børsen-Koch, Victor Aguirre, Ahmed, Saad, Aigrain, Suzanne, Al-Bahlawan, Ashraf, Gil, M de los Angeles Alcacera, Alei, Eleonora, Alencar, Silvia, Alexander, Richard, Alfonso-Garzón, Julia, Alibert, Yann, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Almeida, Leonardo, Sobrino, Roi Alonso, Altavilla, Giuseppe, Althaus, Christian, Trujillo, Luis Alonso Alvarez, Amarsi, Anish, Eiff, Matthias Ammler-von, Amôres, Eduardo, Andrade, Laerte, Antoniadis-Karnavas, Alexandros, António, Carlos, del Moral, Beatriz Aparicio, Appolloni, Matteo, Arena, Claudio, Armstrong, David, Aliaga, Jose Aroca, Asplund, Martin, Audenaert, Jeroen, Auricchio, Natalia, Avelino, Pedro, Baeke, Ann, Baillié, Kevin, Balado, Ana, Balestra, Andrea, Ball, Warrick, Ballans, Herve, Ballot, Jerome, Barban, Caroline, Barbary, Gaële, Barbieri, Mauro, Forteza, Sebastià Barceló, Barker, Adrian, Barklem, Paul, Barnes, Sydney, Navascues, David Barrado, Barragan, Oscar, Baruteau, Clément, Basu, Sarbani, Baudin, Frederic, Baumeister, Philipp, Bayliss, Daniel, Bazot, Michael, Beck, Paul G., Bedding, Tim, Belkacem, Kevin, Bellinger, Earl, Benatti, Serena, Benomar, Othman, Bérard, Diane, Bergemann, Maria, Bergomi, Maria, Bernardo, Pierre, Biazzo, Katia, Bignamini, Andrea, Bigot, Lionel, Billot, Nicolas, Binet, Martin, Biondi, David, Biondi, Federico, Birch, Aaron C., Bitsch, Bertram, Ceballos, Paz Victoria Bluhm, Bódi, Attila, Bognár, Zsófia, Boisse, Isabelle, Bolmont, Emeline, Bonanno, Alfio, Bonavita, Mariangela, Bonfanti, Andrea, Bonfils, Xavier, Bonito, Rosaria, Bonomo, Aldo Stefano, Börner, Anko, Saikia, Sudeshna Boro, Martín, Elisa Borreguero, Borsa, Francesco, Borsato, Luca, Bossini, Diego, Bouchy, Francois, Boué, Gwenaël, Boufleur, Rodrigo, Boumier, Patrick, Bourrier, Vincent, Bowman, Dominic M., Bozzo, Enrico, Bradley, Louisa, Bray, John, Bressan, Alessandro, Breton, Sylvain, Brienza, Daniele, Brito, Ana, Brogi, Matteo, Brown, Beverly, Brown, David, Brun, Allan Sacha, Bruno, Giovanni, Bruns, Michael, Buchhave, Lars A., Bugnet, Lisa, Buldgen, Gaël, Burgess, Patrick, Busatta, Andrea, Busso, Giorgia, Buzasi, Derek, Caballero, José A., Cabral, Alexandre, Calderone, Flavia, Cameron, Robert, Cameron, Andrew, Campante, Tiago, Martins, Bruno Leonardo Canto, Cara, Christophe, Carone, Ludmila, Carrasco, Josep Manel, Casagrande, Luca, Casewell, Sarah L., Cassisi, Santi, Castellani, Marco, Castro, Matthieu, Catala, Claude, Fernández, Irene Catalán, Catelan, Márcio, Cegla, Heather, Cerruti, Chiara, Cessa, Virginie, Chadid, Merieme, Chaplin, William, Charpinet, Stephane, Chiappini, Cristina, Chiarucci, Simone, Chiavassa, Andrea, Chinellato, Simonetta, Chirulli, Giovanni, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen, Church, Ross, Claret, Antonio, Clarke, Cathie, Claudi, Riccardo, Clermont, Lionel, Coelho, Hugo, Coelho, Joao, Cogato, Fabrizio, Colomé, Josep, Condamin, Mathieu, Conseil, Simon, Corbard, Thierry, Correia, Alexandre C. M., Corsaro, Enrico, Cosentino, Rosario, Costes, Jean, Cottinelli, Andrea, Covone, Giovanni, Creevey, Orlagh L., Crida, Aurelien, Csizmadia, Szilard, Cunha, Margarida, Curry, Patrick, da Costa, Jefferson, da Silva, Francys, Dalal, Shweta, Damasso, Mario, Damiani, Cilia, Damiani, Francesco, Chagas, Maria Liduina das, Davies, Melvyn, Davies, Guy, Davies, Ben, Davison, Gary, de Almeida, Leandro, de Angeli, Francesca, de Barros, Susana Cristina Cabral, Leão, Izan de Castro, de Freitas, Daniel Brito, de Freitas, Marcia Cristina, De Martino, Domitilla, de Medeiros, José Renan, de Paula, Luiz Alberto, de Plaa, Jelle, De Ridder, Joris, Deal, Morgan, Decin, Leen, Deeg, Hans, Degl'Innocenti, Scilla, Deheuvels, Sebastien, del Burgo, Carlos, Del Sordo, Fabio, Delgado-Mena, Elisa, Demangeon, Olivier, Denk, Tilmann, Derekas, Aliz, Desidera, Silvano, Dexet, Marc, Di Criscienzo, Marcella, Di Giorgio, Anna Maria, Di Mauro, Maria Pia, Rial, Federico Jose Diaz, Díaz-García, José-Javier, Dima, Marco, Dinuzzi, Giacomo, Dionatos, Odysseas, Distefano, Elisa, Nascimento Jr., Jose-Dias do, Domingo, Albert, D'Orazi, Valentina, Dorn, Caroline, Doyle, Lauren, Duarte, Elena, Ducellier, Florent, Dumaye, Luc, Dumusque, Xavier, Dupret, Marc-Antoine, Eggenberger, Patrick, Ehrenreich, David, Eigmüller, Philipp, Eising, Johannes, Emilio, Marcelo, Eriksson, Kjell, Ermocida, Marco, Giribaldi, Riano Isidoro Escate, Eschen, Yoshi, Estrela, Inês, Evans, Dafydd Wyn, Fabbian, Damian, Fabrizio, Michele, Faria, João Pedro, Farina, Maria, Farinato, Jacopo, Feliz, Dax, Feltzing, Sofia, Fenouillet, Thomas, Ferrari, Lorenza, Ferraz-Mello, Sylvio, Fialho, Fabio, Fienga, Agnes, Figueira, Pedro, Fiori, Laura, Flaccomio, Ettore, Focardi, Mauro, Foley, Steve, Fontignie, Jean, Ford, Dominic, Fornazier, Karin, Forveille, Thierry, Fossati, Luca, Franca, Rodrigo de Marca, da Silva, Lucas Franco, Frasca, Antonio, Fridlund, Malcolm, Furlan, Marco, Gabler, Sarah-Maria, Gaido, Marco, Gallagher, Andrew, Galli, Emanuele, Garcia, Rafael A., Hernández, Antonio García, Munoz, Antonio Garcia, García-Vázquez, Hugo, Haba, Rafael Garrido, Gaulme, Patrick, Gauthier, Nicolas, Gehan, Charlotte, Gent, Matthew, Georgieva, Iskra, Ghigo, Mauro, Giana, Edoardo, Gill, Samuel, Girardi, Leo, Winter, Silvia Giuliatti, Giusi, Giovanni, da Silva, João Gomes, Zazo, Luis Jorge Gómez, Gomez-Lopez, Juan Manuel, Hernández, Jonay Isai González, Murillo, Kevin Gonzalez, Gorius, Nicolas, Gouel, Pierre-Vincent, Goulty, Duncan, Granata, Valentina, Grenfell, John Lee, Grießbach, Denis, Grolleau, Emmanuel, Grouffal, Salomé, Grziwa, Sascha, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Gueguen, Loïc, Guenther, Eike Wolf, Guilhem, Terrasa, Guillerot, Lucas, Guiot, Pierre, Guterman, Pascal, Gutiérrez, Antonio, Gutiérrez-Canales, Fernando, Hagelberg, Janis, Haldemann, Jonas, Hall, Cassandra, Handberg, Rasmus, Harrison, Ian, Harrison, Diana L., Hasiba, Johann, Haswell, Carole A., Hatalova, Petra, Hatzes, Artie, Haywood, Raphaelle, Hébrard, Guillaume, Heckes, Frank, Heiter, Ulrike, Hekker, Saskia, Heller, René, Helling, Christiane, Helminiak, Krzysztof, Hemsley, Simon, Heng, Kevin, Hermans, Aline, Hermes, JJ, Torres, Nadia Hidalgo, Hinkel, Natalie, Hobbs, David, Hodgkin, Simon, Hofmann, Karl, Hojjatpanah, Saeed, Houdek, Günter, Huber, Daniel, Huesler, Joseph, Hui-Bon-Hoa, Alain, Huygen, Rik, Huynh, Duc-Dat, Iro, Nicolas, Irwin, Jonathan, Irwin, Mike, Izidoro, André, Jacquinod, Sophie, Jannsen, Nicholas Emborg, Janson, Markus, Jeszenszky, Harald, Jiang, Chen, Mancebo, Antonio José Jimenez, Jofre, Paula, Johansen, Anders, Johnston, Cole, Jones, Geraint, Kallinger, Thomas, Kálmán, Szilárd, Kanitz, Thomas, Karjalainen, Marie, Karjalainen, Raine, Karoff, Christoffer, Kawaler, Steven, Kawata, Daisuke, Keereman, Arnoud, Keiderling, David, Kennedy, Tom, Kenworthy, Matthew, Kerschbaum, Franz, Kidger, Mark, Kiefer, Flavien, Kintziger, Christian, Kislyakova, Kristina, Kiss, László, Klagyivik, Peter, Klahr, Hubert, Klevas, Jonas, Kochukhov, Oleg, Köhler, Ulrich, Kolb, Ulrich, Koncz, Alexander, Korth, Judith, Kostogryz, Nadiia, Kovács, Gábor, Kovács, József, Kozhura, Oleg, Krivova, Natalie, Kučinskas, Arunas, Kuhlemann, Ilyas, Kupka, Friedrich, Laauwen, Wouter, Labiano, Alvaro, Lagarde, Nadege, Laget, Philippe, Laky, Gunter, Lam, Kristine Wai Fun, Lambrechts, Michiel, Lammer, Helmut, Lanza, Antonino Francesco, Lanzafame, Alessandro, Martiz, Mariel Lares, Laskar, Jacques, Latter, Henrik, Lavanant, Tony, Lawrenson, Alastair, Lazzoni, Cecilia, Lebre, Agnes, Lebreton, Yveline, Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des, Leinhardt, Zoe, Leleu, Adrien, Lendl, Monika, Leto, Giuseppe, Levillain, Yves, Libert, Anne-Sophie, Lichtenberg, Tim, Ligi, Roxanne, Lignieres, Francois, Lillo-Box, Jorge, Linsky, Jeffrey, Liu, John Scige, Loidolt, Dominik, Longval, Yuying, Lopes, Ilídio, Lorenzani, Andrea, Ludwig, Hans-Guenter, Lund, Mikkel, Lundkvist, Mia Sloth, Luri, Xavier, Maceroni, Carla, Madden, Sean, Madhusudhan, Nikku, Maggio, Antonio, Magliano, Christian, Magrin, Demetrio, Mahy, Laurent, Maibaum, Olaf, Malac-Allain, LeeRoy, Malapert, Jean-Christophe, Malavolta, Luca, Maldonado, Jesus, Mamonova, Elena, Manchon, Louis, Mann, Andrew, Mantovan, Giacomo, Marafatto, Luca, Marconi, Marcella, Mardling, Rosemary, Marigo, Paola, Marinoni, Silvia, Marques, Érico, Marques, Joao Pedro, Marrese, Paola Maria, Marshall, Douglas, Perales, Silvia Martínez, Mary, David, Marzari, Francesco, Masana, Eduard, Mascher, Andrina, Mathis, Stéphane, Mathur, Savita, Figueiredo, Ana Carolina Mattiuci, Maxted, Pierre F. L., Mazeh, Tsevi, Mazevet, Stephane, Mazzei, Francesco, McCormac, James, McMillan, Paul, Menou, Lucas, Merle, Thibault, Meru, Farzana, Mesa, Dino, Messina, Sergio, Mészáros, Szabolcs, Meunier, Nadége, Meunier, Jean-Charles, Micela, Giuseppina, Michaelis, Harald, Michel, Eric, Michielsen, Mathias, Michtchenko, Tatiana, Miglio, Andrea, Miguel, Yamila, Milligan, David, Mirouh, Giovanni, Mitchell, Morgan, Moedas, Nuno, Molendini, Francesca, Molnár, László, Mombarg, Joey, Montalban, Josefina, Montalto, Marco, Monteiro, Mário J. P. F. G., Morales, Juan Carlos, Morales-Calderon, Maria, Morbidelli, Alessandro, Mordasini, Christoph, Moreau, Chrystel, Morel, Thierry, Morello, Guiseppe, Morin, Julien, Mortier, Annelies, Mosser, Benoît, Mourard, Denis, Mousis, Olivier, Moutou, Claire, Mowlavi, Nami, Moya, Andrés, Muehlmann, Prisca, Muirhead, Philip, Munari, Matteo, Musella, Ilaria, Mustill, Alexander James, Nardetto, Nicolas, Nardiello, Domenico, Narita, Norio, Nascimbeni, Valerio, Nash, Anna, Neiner, Coralie, Nelson, Richard P., Nettelmann, Nadine, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, Nielsen, Martin, Niemi, Sami-Matias, Noack, Lena, Noels-Grotsch, Arlette, Noll, Anthony, Norazman, Azib, Norton, Andrew J., Nsamba, Benard, Ofir, Aviv, Ogilvie, Gordon, Olander, Terese, Olivetto, Christian, Olofsson, Göran, Ong, Joel, Ortolani, Sergio, Oshagh, Mahmoudreza, Ottacher, Harald, Ottensamer, Roland, Ouazzani, Rhita-Maria, Paardekooper, Sijme-Jan, Pace, Emanuele, Pajas, Miriam, Palacios, Ana, Palandri, Gaelle, Palle, Enric, Paproth, Carsten, Parro, Vanderlei, Parviainen, Hannu, Granado, Javier Pascual, Passegger, Vera Maria, Pastor-Morales, Carmen, Pätzold, Martin, Pedersen, May Gade, Hidalgo, David Pena, Pepe, Francesco, Pereira, Filipe, Persson, Carina M., Pertenais, Martin, Peter, Gisbert, Petit, Antoine C., Petit, Pascal, Pezzuto, Stefano, Pichierri, Gabriele, Pietrinferni, Adriano, Pinheiro, Fernando, Pinsonneault, Marc, Plachy, Emese, Plasson, Philippe, Plez, Bertrand, Poppenhaeger, Katja, Poretti, Ennio, Portaluri, Elisa, Portell, Jordi, de Mello, Gustavo Frederico Porto, Poyatos, Julien, Pozuelos, Francisco J., Moroni, Pier Giorgio Prada, Pricopi, Dumitru, Prisinzano, Loredana, Quade, Matthias, Quirrenbach160, ndreas, Reina6, Julio Arturo Rabanal, Soares, Maria Cristina Rabello, Raimondo, Gabriella, Rainer, Monica, Rodón, Jose Ramón, Ramón-Ballesta, Alejandro, Zapata, Gonzalo Ramos, Rätz, Stefanie, Rauterberg, Christoph, Redman, Bob, Redmer, Ronald, Reese, Daniel, Regibo, Sara, Reiners, Ansgar, Reinhold, Timo, Renie, Christian, Ribas, Ignasi, Ribeiro, Sergio, Ricciardi, Thiago Pereira, Rice, Ken, Richard, Olivier, Riello, Marco, Rieutord, Michel, Ripepi, Vincenzo, Rixon, Guy, Rockstein, Steve, Rodríguez, María Teresa Rodrigo, Díaz, Luisa Fernanda Rodríguez, Garcia, Juan Pablo Rodriguez, Rodriguez-Gomez, Julio, Roehlly, Yannick, Roig, Fernando, Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara, Rolf, Tobias, Rørsted, Jakob Lysgaard, Rosado, Hugo, Rosotti, Giovanni, Roth, Olivier, Roth, Markus, Rousseau, Alex, Roxburgh, Ian, Roy, Fabrice, Royer, Pierre, Ruane, Kirk, Mastropasqua, Sergio Rufini, de Galarreta, Claudia Ruiz, Russi, Andrea, Saar, Steven, Saillenfest, Melaine, Salaris, Maurizio, Salmon, Sebastien, Saltas, Ippocratis, Samadi, Réza, Samadi, Aunia, Samra, Dominic, da Silva, Tiago Sanches, Carrasco, Miguel Andrés Sánchez, Santerne, Alexandre, Santoli, Francesco, Santos, Ângela R. G., Mesa, Rosario Sanz, Sarro, Luis Manuel, Scandariato, Gaetano, Schäfer, Martin, Schlafly, Edward, Schmider, François-Xavier, Schneider, Jean, Schou, Jesper, Schunker, Hannah, Schwarzkopf, Gabriel Jörg, Serenelli, Aldo, Seynaeve, Dries, Shan, Yutong, Shapiro, Alexander, Shipman, Russel, Sicilia, Daniela, Sanmartin, Maria Angeles Sierra, Sigot, Axelle, Silliman, Kyle, Silvotti, Roberto, Simon, Attila E., Napoli, Ricardo Simoyama, Skarka, Marek, Smalley, Barry, Smiljanic, Rodolfo, Smit, Samuel, Smith, Alexis, Smith, Leigh, Snellen, Ignas, Sódor, Ádám, Sohl, Frank, Solanki, Sami K., Sortino, Francesca, Sousa, Sérgio, Southworth, John, Souto, Diogo, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Stamatellos, Dimitris, Stassun, Keivan, Steller, Manfred, Stello, Dennis, Stelzer, Beate, Stiebeler, Ulrike, Stokholm, Amalie, Storelvmo, Trude, Strassmeier, Klaus, Strøm, Paul Anthony, Strugarek, Antoine, Sulis, Sophia, Švanda, Michal, Szabados, László, Szabó, Róbert, Szabó, Gyula M., Szuszkiewicz, Ewa, Talens, Geert Jan, Teti, Daniele, Theisen, Tom, Thévenin, Frédéric, Thoul, Anne, Tiphene, Didier, Titz-Weider, Ruth, Tkachenko, Andrew, Tomecki, Daniel, Tonfat, Jorge, Tosi, Nicola, Trampedach, Regner, Traven, Gregor, Triaud, Amaury, Trønnes, Reidar, Tsantaki, Maria, Tschentscher, Matthias, Turin, Arnaud, Tvaruzka, Adam, Ulmer, Bernd, Ulmer-Moll, Solène, Ulusoy, Ceren, Umbriaco, Gabriele, Valencia, Diana, Valentini, Marica, Valio, Adriana, Guijarro, Ángel Luis Valverde, Van Eylen, Vincent, Van Grootel, Valerie, van Kempen, Tim A., Van Reeth, Timothy, Van Zelst, Iris, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vasiliou, Konstantinos, Vasilyev, Valeriy, de Mascarenhas, David Vaz, Vazan, Allona, Nunez, Marina Vela, Velloso, Eduardo Nunes, Ventura, Rita, Ventura, Paolo, Venturini, Julia, Trallero, Isabel Vera, Veras, Dimitri, Verdugo, Eva, Verma, Kuldeep, Vibert, Didier, Martinez, Tobias Vicanek, Vida, Krisztián, Vigan, Arthur, Villacorta, Antonio, Villaver, Eva, Aparicio, Marcos Villaverde, Viotto, Valentina, Vorobyov, Eduard, Vorontsov, Sergey, Wagner, Frank W., Walloschek, Thomas, Walton, Nicholas, Walton, Dave, Wang, Haiyang, Waters, Rens, Watson, Christopher, Wedemeyer, Sven, Weeks, Angharad, Weingril, Jörg, Weiss, Annita, Wendler, Belinda, West, Richard, Westerdorff, Karsten, Westphal, Pierre-Amaury, Wheatley, Peter, White, Tim, Whittaker, Amadou, Wickhusen, Kai, Wilson, Thomas, Windsor, James, Winter, Othon, Winther, Mark Lykke, Winton, Alistair, Witteck, Ulrike, Witzke, Veronika, Woitke, Peter, Wolter, David, Wuchterl, Günther, Wyatt, Mark, Yang, Dan, Yu, Jie, Sanchez, Ricardo Zanmar, Osorio, María Rosa Zapatero, Zechmeister, Mathias, Zhou, Yixiao, Ziemke, Claas, and Zwintz, Konstanze

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

PLATO (PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars) is ESA's M3 mission designed to detect and characterise extrasolar planets and perform asteroseismic monitoring of a large number of stars. PLATO will detect small planets (down to <2 R_(Earth)) around bright stars (<11 mag), including terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of solar-like stars. With the complement of radial velocity observations from the ground, planets will be characterised for their radius, mass, and age with high accuracy (5 %, 10 %, 10 % for an Earth-Sun combination respectively). PLATO will provide us with a large-scale catalogue of well-characterised small planets up to intermediate orbital periods, relevant for a meaningful comparison to planet formation theories and to better understand planet evolution. It will make possible comparative exoplanetology to place our Solar System planets in a broader context. In parallel, PLATO will study (host) stars using asteroseismology, allowing us to determine the stellar properties with high accuracy, substantially enhancing our knowledge of stellar structure and evolution. The payload instrument consists of 26 cameras with 12cm aperture each. For at least four years, the mission will perform high-precision photometric measurements. Here we review the science objectives, present PLATO's target samples and fields, provide an overview of expected core science performance as well as a description of the instrument and the mission profile at the beginning of the serial production of the flight cameras. PLATO is scheduled for a launch date end 2026. This overview therefore provides a summary of the mission to the community in preparation of the upcoming operational phases.

Published
2024

3. Migration and Evolution of giant ExoPlanets (MEEP) I: Nine Newly Confirmed Hot Jupiters from the TESS Mission

Author

Schulte, Jack, Rodriguez, Joseph E., Bieryla, Allyson, Quinn, Samuel N., Collins, Karen A., Yee, Samuel W., Nine, Andrew C., Soares-Furtado, Melinda, Latham, David W., Eastman, Jason D., Barkaoui, Khalid, Ciardi, David R., Dragomir, Diana, Everett, Mark E., Giacalone, Steven, Mireles, Ismael, Murgas, Felipe, Narita, Norio, Shporer, Avi, Strakhov, Ivan A., Striegel, Stephanie, Vaňko, Martin, Vowell, Noah, Wang, Gavin, Ziegler, Carl, Bellaver, Michael, Benni, Paul, Bergeron, Serge, Boffin, Henri M. J., Briceño, César, Clark, Catherine A., Collins, Kevin I., de Leon, Jerome P., Dressing, Courtney D., Evans, Phil, Esparza-Borges, Emma, Fedewa, Jeremy, Fukui, Akihiko, Gan, Tianjun, Gerasimov, Ivan S., Hartman, Joel D., Gill, Holden, Gillon, Michaël, Horne, Keith, Horta, Ferran Grau, Howell, Steve B., Isogai, Keisuke, Jehin, Emmanuël, Jenkins, Jon M., Karjalainen, Raine, Kielkopf, John F., Lester, Kathryn V., Littlefield, Colin, Lund, Michael B., Mann, Andrew W., McCormack, Mason, Michaels, Edward J., Painter, Shane, Palle, Enric, Parviainen, Hannu, Peterson, David-Michael, Pozuelos, Francisco J., Raup, Zachary, Reed, Phillip, Relles, Howard M., Ricker, George R., Savel, Arjun B., Schwarz, Richard P., Seager, Sara, Sefako, Ramotholo, Srdoc, Gregor, Stockdale, Chris, Sullivan, Hannah, Timmermans, Mathilde, and Winn, Joshua N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Hot Jupiters were many of the first exoplanets discovered in the 1990s, but in the decades since their discovery, the mysteries surrounding their origins remain. Here, we present nine new hot Jupiters (TOI-1855 b, TOI-2107 b, TOI-2368 b, TOI-3321 b, TOI-3894 b, TOI-3919 b, TOI-4153 b, TOI-5232 b, and TOI-5301 b) discovered by NASA's TESS mission and confirmed using ground-based imaging and spectroscopy. These discoveries are the first in a series of papers named the Migration and Evolution of giant ExoPlanets (MEEP) survey and are part of an ongoing effort to build a complete sample of hot Jupiters orbiting FGK stars, with a limiting Gaia $G$-band magnitude of 12.5. This effort aims to use homogeneous detection and analysis techniques to generate a set of precisely measured stellar and planetary properties that is ripe for statistical analysis. The nine planets presented in this work occupy a range of masses (0.55 Jupiter masses (M$_{\rm{J}}$) $<$ M$_{\rm{P}}$ $<$ 3.88 M$_{\rm{J}}$) and sizes (0.967 Jupiter radii (R$_{\rm{J}}$) $<$ R$_{\rm{P}}$ $<$ 1.438 R$_{\rm{J}}$) and orbit stars that range in temperature from 5360 K $<$ Teff $<$ 6860 K with Gaia $G$-band magnitudes ranging from 11.1 to 12.7. Two of the planets in our sample have detectable orbital eccentricity: TOI-3919 b ($e = 0.259^{+0.033}_{-0.036}$) and TOI-5301 b ($e = 0.33^{+0.11}_{-0.10}$). These eccentric planets join a growing sample of eccentric hot Jupiters that are consistent with high-eccentricity tidal migration, one of the three most prominent theories explaining hot Jupiter formation and evolution., Comment: 35 pages, 7 tables, and 14 figures. Submitted to AAS Journals on 2023 Dec 28

Published
2024

4. High-resolution Emission Spectroscopy of the Ultrahot Jupiter KELT-9b: Little Variation in Day- and Nightside Emission Line Contrasts

Author

Ridden-Harper, Andrew, de Mooij, Ernst, Jayawardhana, Ray, Gibson, Neale, Karjalainen, Raine, and Karjalainen, Marie

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The transmission spectrum of the ultrahot Jupiter KELT-9b ($T_{eq}$ $\sim$ 4000 K) exhibits absorption by several metal species. We searched for atomic and molecular lines in its emission spectrum by observing partial phase curves with the CARMENES spectrograph ($R$ $\sim$ 80,000 $-$ 95,000). We find evidence for emission by Si I in the atmosphere of KELT-9b for the first time. Additionally we find evidence for emission by Mg I and Ca II, which were previously detected in transmission, and confirmed earlier detections of Fe I emission. Conversely, we find no evidence for dayside emission from Al I, Ca I, Cr I, FeH, Fe II, K I, Li I, Mg II, Na I, OH, Ti I, TiO, V I, V II, VO, and Y I. By employing likelihood mapping, we find indications of there being little variation in emission line contrast between the day- and nightsides $-$suggesting that KELT-9b may harbor iron emission on its nightside. Our results demonstrate that high-resolution ground-based emission spectroscopy can provide valuable insights into exoplanet atmospheres., Comment: Accepted for publication in AJ

Published
2023
Full Text
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5. Companions to Kepler giant stars: A long-period eccentric substellar companion to KIC 3526061 and a stellar companion to HD 187878

Author

Karjalainen, Marie, Karjalainen, Raine, Hatzes, Artie P., Lehmann, Holger, Kervella, Pierre, Hekker, Saskia, Van Winckel, Hans, Überlauer, Jakub, Vítková, Michaela, Skarka, Marek, Kabáth, Petr, Prins, Saskia, Tkachenko, Andrew, Cochran, William D., and Jorissen, Alain

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. Our knowledge of populations and occurrence of planets orbiting evolved intermediate-mass stars is still incomplete. In 2010 we started a planet-search program among 95 giant stars observed by the Kepler mission to increase the sample of giant stars with planets and with reliable estimates of stellar masses and radii. Aims. We present the two systems KIC 3526061 and HD 187878 from our planet-search program for which we could characterise their companions. Methods. We used precise stellar radial velocity measurements taken with four different echelle spectrographs to derive an orbital solution. We used Gaia astrometric measurements to obtain the inclination of the HD 187878 system and Kepler photometric observations to estimate the stellar mass and radius. Results. We report the discovery of a sub-stellar and a stellar companion around two intermediate-mass red giant branch stars. KIC 3526061 b is most likely a brown dwarf with a minimum mass of 18.15 Jupiter masses in a long-period eccentric orbit, with the orbital period 3552 d and orbital eccentricity 0.85. It is the most evolved system found having a sub-stellar companion with such a large eccentricity and wide separation. HD 187878 B has a minimum mass of 78.4 Jupiter masses. Combining the spectroscopic orbital parameters with the astrometric proper motion anomaly we derived an orbital inclination 9.8 deg, which corresponds to the companion's mass in the stellar regime of 0.51 Sun mass. Conclusions. A sub-stellar companion of KIC 3526061 extends the sample of known red giant branch stars with sub-stellar companions on very eccentric wide orbits and might provide a probe of the dynamical evolution of such systems over time., Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures. Accepted to A&A

Published
2022
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6. TOI-2046b, TOI-1181b and TOI-1516b, three new hot Jupiters from \textit{TESS}: planets orbiting a young star, a subgiant and a normal star

Author

Kabáth, Petr, Chaturvedi, Priyanka, MacQueen, Phillip J., Skarka, Marek, Šubjak, Ján, Esposito, Massimilliano, Cochran, William D., Bellomo, Salvatore E., Karjalainen, Raine, Guenther, Eike W., Endl, Michael, Csizmadia, Szilárd, Karjalainen, Marie, Hatzes, Artie, Žák, Jiří, Gandolfi, Davide, Boffin, Henri M. J., Vines, Jose I., Livingston, John H., García, Rafael A., Mathur, Savita, González-Cuesta, Lucía, Blažek, Martin, Caldwell, Douglas A., Colón, Knicole D., Deeg, Hans, Erikson, Anders, Van Eylen, Vincent, Fong, William, Fridlund, Malcolm, Fukui, Akihiko, Fűrész, Gábor, Goeke, Robert F., Goffo, Elisa, Howell, Steve, Jenkins, Jon M., Klagyivik, Peter, Korth, Judith, Latham, David W., Luque, Rafael, Moldovan, Dan, Murgas, Felipe, Narita, Norio, Orell-Miquel, Jaume, Palle, Enric, Parviainen, Hannu, Persson, Carina M., Reed, Phillip A., Redfield, Seth, Ricker, George R., Seager, Sara, Serrano, Luisa Maria, Shporer, Avi, Smith, Alexis M. S., Watanabe, Noriharu, Winn, Joshua N., and team, the KESPRINT

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the confirmation and characterization of three hot Jupiters, TOI-1181b, TOI-1516b, and TOI-2046b, discovered by the TESS space mission. The reported hot Jupiters have orbital periods between 1.4 and 2.05 days. The masses of the three planets are $1.18\pm0.14$ M$_{\mathrm{J}}$, $3.16\pm0.12$\, M$_{\mathrm{J}}$, and 2.30 $\pm 0.28$ M$_{\mathrm{J}}$, for TOI-1181b, TOI-1516b, and TOI-2046b, respectively. The stellar host of TOI-1181b is a F9IV star, whereas TOI-1516b and TOI-2046b orbit F main sequence host stars. The ages of the first two systems are in the range of 2-5 Gyrs. However, TOI-2046 is among the few youngest known planetary systems hosting a hot Jupiter, with an age estimate of 100-400 Myrs. The main instruments used for the radial velocity follow-up of these three planets are located at Ond\v{r}ejov, Tautenburg and McDonald Observatory, and all three are mounted on 2-3 meter aperture telescopes, demonstrating that mid-aperture telescope networks can play a substantial role in the follow-up of gas giants discovered by \textit{TESS} and in the future by \textit{PLATO}., Comment: MNRAS accepted

Published
2022
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7. TOI-1670 b and c: An Inner Sub-Neptune with an Outer Warm Jupiter Unlikely to have Originated from High-Eccentricity Migration

Author

Tran, Quang H., Bowler, Brendan P., Endl, Michael, Cochran, William D., MacQueen, Phillip J., Gandolfi, Davide, Persson, Carina M., Fridlund, Malcolm, Palle, Enric, Nowak, Grzegorz, Deeg, Hans J., Luque, Rafael, Livingston, John H., Kabáth, Petr, Skarka, Marek, Šubjak, Ján, Howell, Steve B., Albrecht, Simon H., Collins, Karen A., Esposito, Massimiliano, Van Eylen, Vincent, Grziwa, Sascha, Goffo, Elisa, Huang, Chelsea X., Jenkins, Jon M., Karjalainen, Marie, Karjalainen, Raine, Knudstrup, Emil, Korth, Judith, Lam, Kristine W. F., Latham, David W., Levine, Alan M., Osborne, H. L. M., Quinn, Samuel N., Redfield, Seth, Ricker, George R., Seager, S., Serrano, Luisa Maria, Smith, Alexis M. S., Twicken, Joseph D., and Winn, Joshua N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the discovery of two transiting planets around the bright ($V=9.9$ mag) main sequence F7 star TOI-1670 by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. TOI-1670 b is a sub-Neptune ($R_\mathrm{b} = 2.06_{-0.15}^{+0.19}$ $R_\oplus$) on a 10.9-day orbit and TOI-1670 c is a warm Jupiter ($R_\mathrm{c} = 0.987_{-0.025}^{+0.025}$ $R_\mathrm{Jup}$) on a 40.7-day orbit. Using radial velocity observations gathered with the Tull coud\'e Spectrograph on the Harlan J. Smith telescope and HARPS-N on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, we find a planet mass of $M_\mathrm{c} = 0.63_{-0.08}^{+0.09}$ $M_\mathrm{Jup}$ for the outer warm Jupiter, implying a mean density of $\rho_c = 0.81_{-0.11}^{+0.13}$ g cm$^{-3}$. The inner sub-Neptune is undetected in our radial velocity data ($M_\mathrm{b} < 0.13$ $M_\mathrm{Jup}$ at the 99% confidence level). Multi-planet systems like TOI-1670 hosting an outer warm Jupiter on a nearly circular orbit ($e_\mathrm{c} = 0.09_{-0.04}^{+0.05}$) and one or more inner coplanar planets are more consistent with "gentle" formation mechanisms such as disk migration or $in$ $situ$ formation rather than high-eccentricity migration. Of the 11 known systems with a warm Jupiter and a smaller inner companion, 8 (73%) are near a low-order mean-motion resonance, which can be a signature of migration. TOI-1670 joins two other systems (27% of this subsample) with period commensurabilities greater than 3, a common feature of $in$ $situ$ formation or halted inward migration. TOI-1670 and the handful of similar systems support a diversity of formation pathways for warm Jupiters., Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in AJ

Published
2022
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8. A Near-Infrared Chemical Inventory of the Atmosphere of 55 Cancri e

Author

Deibert, Emily K., de Mooij, Ernst J. W., Jayawardhana, Ray, Ridden-Harper, Andrew, Sivanandam, Suresh, Karjalainen, Raine, and Karjalainen, Marie

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present high-resolution near-infrared spectra taken during eight transits of 55 Cancri e, a nearby low-density super-Earth with a short orbital period (< 18 hours). While this exoplanet's bulk density indicates a possible atmosphere, one has not been detected definitively. Our analysis relies on the Doppler cross-correlation technique, which takes advantage of the high spectral resolution and broad wavelength coverage of our data, to search for the thousands of absorption features from hydrogen-, carbon-, and nitrogen-rich molecular species in the planetary atmosphere. Although we are unable to detect an atmosphere around 55 Cancri e, we do place strong constraints on the levels of HCN, NH${}_3$, and C${}_2$H${}_2$ that may be present. In particular, at a mean molecular weight of 5 amu we can rule out the presence of HCN in the atmosphere down to a volume mixing ratio (VMR) of 0.02%, NH${}_3$ down to a VMR of 0.08%, and C${}_2$H${}_2$ down to a VMR of 1.0%. If the mean molecular weight is relaxed to 2 amu, we can rule out the presence of HCN, NH${}_3$, and C${}_2$H${}_2$ down to VMRs of 0.001%, 0.0025%, and 0.08% respectively. Our results reduce the parameter space of possible atmospheres consistent with the analysis of HST/WFC3 observations by Tsiaras et al. (2016), and indicate that if 55 Cancri e harbors an atmosphere, it must have a high mean molecular weight and/or clouds., Comment: 32 pages, 34 figures. Accepted for publication in AJ

Published
2021
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9. Detection of ionized calcium in the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter KELT-9b

Author

Turner, Jake D., de Mooij, Ernst J. W., Jayawardhana, Ray, Young, Mitchell E., Fossati, Luca, Koskinen, Tommi, Lothringer, Joshua D., Karjalainen, Raine, and Karjalainen, Marie

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

With a day-side temperature in excess of 4500K, comparable to a mid-K-type star, KELT-9b is the hottest planet known. Its extreme temperature makes KELT-9b a particularly interesting test bed for investigating the nature and diversity of gas giant planets. We observed the transit of KELT-9b at high spectral resolution (R$\sim$94,600) with the CARMENES instrument on the Calar Alto 3.5-m telescope. Using these data, we detect for the first time ionized calcium (CaII triplet) absorption in the atmosphere of KELT-9b; this is the second time that CaII has been observed in a hot Jupiter. Our observations also reveal prominent H$\alpha$ absorption, confirming the presence of an extended hydrogen envelope around KELT-9b. We compare our detections with an atmospheric model and find that all four lines form between atmospheric temperatures of 6100 K and 8000 K and that the CaII lines form at pressures between 10 and 50 nbar while the H$\alpha$ line forms at a lower pressure ($\sim$6 nbar), higher up in the atmosphere. The altitude that the core of H$\alpha$ line forms is found to be $\sim$1.4 R$_{p}$, well within the planetary Roche lobe ($\sim$1.9 R$_{p}$). Therefore, rather than probing the escaping upper atmosphere directly, the H$\alpha$ line and the other observed Balmer and metal lines serve as atmospheric thermometers enabling us to probe the planet's temperature profile, thus energy budget., Comment: Accepted to ApJL (December 11 2019), 11 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, 2 Appendices (with 2 figures)

Published
2019
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10. Time resolved spectroscopy of dust and gas from extrasolar planetesimals orbiting WD 1145+017

Author

Karjalainen, Marie, de Mooij, Ernst J. W., Karjalainen, Raine, and Gibson, Neale P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Multiple long and variable transits caused by dust from possibly disintegrating asteroids were detected in light curves of WD 1145+017. We present time-resolved spectroscopic observations of this target with QUCAM CCDs mounted in the Intermediate dispersion Spectrograph and Imaging System at the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope in two different spectral arms: the blue arm covering 3800-4025 {\AA} and the red arm covering 7000-7430 {\AA}. When comparing individual transits in both arms, our observations show with 20 {\sigma} significance an evident colour difference between the in- and out-of-transit data of the order of 0.05-0.1 mag, where transits are deeper in the red arm. We also show with > 6 {\sigma} significance that spectral lines in the blue arm are shallower during transits than out-of-transit. For the circumstellar lines it also appears that during transits the reduction in absorption is larger on the red side of the spectral profiles. Our results confirm previous findings showing the u'-band excess and a decrease in line absorption during transits. Both can be explained by an opaque body blocking a fraction of the gas disc causing the absorption, implying that the absorbing gas is between the white dwarf and the transiting objects. Our results also demonstrate the capability of EMCCDs to perform high-quality time resolved spectroscopy of relatively faint targets., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures. Accepted to MNRAS

Published
2018
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11. A millisecond pulsar candidate in a 21-hr orbit: 3FGL J0212.1+5320

Author

Linares, Manuel, Miles-Páez, Paulo, Rodríguez-Gil, Pablo, Shahbaz, Tariq, Casares, Jorge, Fariña, Cecilia, and Karjalainen, Raine

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present the discovery of a variable optical counterpart to the unidentified gamma-ray source 3FGL J0212.1+5320, and argue this is a new compact binary millisecond pulsar (MSP) candidate. We show 3FGL J0212.1+5320 hosts a semi-detached binary with a 0.86955$\pm$0.00015 d orbital period and a F6-type companion star at an estimated distance of D=1.1$\pm$0.2 kpc, with a radial velocity curve semi-amplitude K$_2$=214.1$\pm$5.0 km s$^{-1}$ and a projected rotational velocity of Vsin(i)=73.2$\pm$1.6 km s$^{-1}$. We find a hard X-ray source at the same location with a 0.5$-$10 keV luminosity L$_\mathrm{X}$=2.6$\times$10$^{32}$ (D/1.1 kpc)$^2$ erg s$^{-1}$, which strengthens the MSP identification. Our results imply a mass ratio q=M$_2$/M$_1$=0.26$^{+0.02}_{-0.03}$ if the companion star fills its Roche lobe, and q$\gtrsim$0.26 in any case. This classifies 3FGL J0212.1+5320 as a "redback" binary MSP; if its MSP nature is confirmed, this will be the brightest compact binary MSP in the optical band (r'$\simeq$14.3 mag) and will have the longest orbital period among Galactic field systems (nearly 21 hr). Based on the light curve peak-to-peak amplitude ($\Delta$r=0.19 mag), we further suggest that the orbital inclination is high and the putative pulsar mass is close to canonical (M$_1$$\simeq$1.3$-$1.6 M$_\odot$). Finally, we discuss the lack of heating signatures and asymmetric optical light curves in the context of other redback MSPs., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 9 pages, 8 figures, minor changes after referee suggestions

Published
2016
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12. Kepler-432 b: a massive warm Jupiter in a 52-day eccentric orbit transiting a giant star

Author

Ortiz, Mauricio, Gandolfi, Davide, Reffert, Sabine, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Deeg, Hans J., Karjalainen, Raine, Montañes-Rodríguez, Pilar, Nespral, David, Nowak, Grzegorz, Osorio, Yeisson, and Palle, Enric

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We study the Kepler object Kepler-432, an evolved star ascending the red giant branch. By deriving precise radial velocities from multi-epoch high-resolution spectra of Kepler-432 taken with the CAFE spectrograph at the 2.2m telescope of Calar Alto Observatory and the FIES spectrograph at the Nordic Optical Telescope of Roque de Los Muchachos Observatory, we confirm the planetary nature of the object Kepler-432 b, which has a transit period of 52 days. We find a planetary mass of Mp=5.84 +\- 0.05 Mjup and a high eccentricity of e=0.478 +\- 0.004. With a semi-major axis of a=0.303 +\- 0.007 AU, Kepler-432 b is the first bona fide warm Jupiter detected to transit a giant star. We also find a radial velocity linear trend of 0.44 +\- 0.04 m s$^{-1}$ d$^{-1}$, which suggests the presence of a third object in the system. Current models of planetary evolution in the post-main-sequence phase predict that Kepler-432 b will be most likely engulfed by its host star before the latter reaches the tip of the red giant branch., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Updated title and corrected typos. See also paper by Ciceri et al

Published
2014
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14. Companions to Kepler giant stars: A long-period eccentric sub-stellar companion to KIC 3526061 and a stellar companion to HD 187878

Author

Karjalainen, Marie, primary, Karjalainen, Raine, additional, Hatzes, Artie P., additional, Lehmann, Holger, additional, Kervella, Pierre, additional, Hekker, Saskia, additional, Van Winckel, Hans, additional, Überlauer, Jakub, additional, Vítková, Michaela, additional, Skarka, Marek, additional, Kabáth, Petr, additional, Prins, Saskia, additional, Tkachenko, Andrew, additional, Cochran, William D., additional, and Jorissen, Alain, additional

Published
2022
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16. TOI-2046b, TOI-1181b and TOI-1516b, three new hot Jupiters from TESS: planets orbiting a young star, a subgiant and a normal star

Author

Kabáth, Petr, primary, Chaturvedi, Priyanka, additional, MacQueen, Phillip J, additional, Skarka, Marek, additional, Šubjak, Ján, additional, Esposito, Massimilliano, additional, Cochran, William D, additional, Bellomo, Salvatore E, additional, Karjalainen, Raine, additional, Guenther, Eike W, additional, Endl, Michael, additional, Csizmadia, Szilárd, additional, Karjalainen, Marie, additional, Hatzes, Artie, additional, Žák, Jiří, additional, Gandolfi, Davide, additional, Boffin, Henri M J, additional, Vines, Jose I, additional, Livingston, John H, additional, García, Rafael A, additional, Mathur, Savita, additional, González-Cuesta, Lucía, additional, Blažek, Martin, additional, Caldwell, Douglas A, additional, Colón, Knicole D, additional, Deeg, Hans, additional, Erikson, Anders, additional, Van Eylen, Vincent, additional, Fong, William, additional, Fridlund, Malcolm, additional, Fukui, Akihiko, additional, Fűrész, Gábor, additional, Goeke, Robert F, additional, Goffo, Elisa, additional, Howell, Steve, additional, Jenkins, Jon M, additional, Klagyivik, Peter, additional, Korth, Judith, additional, Latham, David W, additional, Luque, Rafael, additional, Moldovan, Dan, additional, Murgas, Felipe, additional, Narita, Norio, additional, Orell-Miquel, Jaume, additional, Palle, Enric, additional, Parviainen, Hannu, additional, Persson, Carina M, additional, Reed, Phillip A, additional, Redfield, Seth, additional, Ricker, George R, additional, Seager, Sara, additional, Serrano, Luisa Maria, additional, Shporer, Avi, additional, Smith, Alexis M S, additional, Watanabe, Noriharu, additional, and Winn, Joshua N, additional

Published
2022
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17. Companions to Kepler giant stars: A long-period eccentric sub-stellar companion to KIC 3526061 and a stellar companion to HD 187878*

Author

Karjalainen, Marie, Karjalainen, Raine, Hatzes, Artie, Lehmann, Holger, Kervella, Pierre, Hekker, Saskia, Van Winckel, Hans, UBerlauer, Jakub, Vítková, Michaela, Skarka, Marek, Kabáth, Petr, Prins, Saskia, Tkachenko, Andrew, Cochran, William W.D., Jorissen, Alain, Karjalainen, Marie, Karjalainen, Raine, Hatzes, Artie, Lehmann, Holger, Kervella, Pierre, Hekker, Saskia, Van Winckel, Hans, UBerlauer, Jakub, Vítková, Michaela, Skarka, Marek, Kabáth, Petr, Prins, Saskia, Tkachenko, Andrew, Cochran, William W.D., and Jorissen, Alain

Abstract

Context. Our knowledge of populations and the occurrence of planets orbiting evolved intermediate-mass stars is still incomplete. In 2010 we started a planet search programme among 95 giant stars observed by the Kepler mission to increase the sample of giant stars with planets and with reliable estimates of stellar masses and radii. Aims. We present the two systems from our planet search programme whose companions we were able to characterise: KIC 3526061 and HD 187878. Methods. We used precise stellar radial velocity measurements taken with four different echelle spectrographs to derive an orbital solution. We used Gaia astrometric measurements to obtain the inclination of the HD 187878 system and Kepler photometric observations to estimate the stellar mass and radius. Results. We report the discovery of a sub-stellar companion and a stellar companion around two intermediate-mass red giant branch stars. KIC 3526061 b is most likely a brown dwarf with a minimum mass of 18.15±0.44 MJupiter in a long-period eccentric orbit, with orbital period 3552 135+158 d and orbital eccentricity e = 0.85±0.01. It is the most evolved system found having a sub-stellar companion with such a high eccentricity and wide separation. HD 187878 B has a minimum mass of 78.4±2.0 MJupiter. Combining the spectroscopic orbital parameters with the astrometric proper motion anomaly, we derived an orbital inclination i=9.8 0.6+0.4 deg, which corresponds to the companion's mass in the stellar regime of 0.51 0.02+0.04 M. Conclusions. A sub-stellar companion of KIC 3526061 extends the sample of known red giant branch stars with sub-stellar companions on very eccentric wide orbits, and might provide a probe of the dynamical evolution of such systems over time., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2022

18. TOI-1670 b and c: An Inner Sub-Neptune with an Outer Warm Jupiter Unlikely to Have Originated from High-eccentricity Migration

Author

Tran, Quang H., primary, Bowler, Brendan P., additional, Endl, Michael, additional, Cochran, William D., additional, MacQueen, Phillip J., additional, Gandolfi, Davide, additional, Persson, Carina M., additional, Fridlund, Malcolm, additional, Palle, Enric, additional, Nowak, Grzegorz, additional, Deeg, Hans J., additional, Luque, Rafael, additional, Livingston, John H., additional, Kabáth, Petr, additional, Skarka, Marek, additional, Šubjak, Ján, additional, Howell, Steve B., additional, Albrecht, Simon H., additional, Collins, Karen A., additional, Esposito, Massimiliano, additional, Van Eylen, Vincent, additional, Grziwa, Sascha, additional, Goffo, Elisa, additional, Huang, Chelsea X., additional, Jenkins, Jon M., additional, Karjalainen, Marie, additional, Karjalainen, Raine, additional, Knudstrup, Emil, additional, Korth, Judith, additional, Lam, Kristine W. F., additional, Latham, David W., additional, Levine, Alan M., additional, Osborne, H. L. M., additional, Quinn, Samuel N., additional, Redfield, Seth, additional, Ricker, George R., additional, Seager, S., additional, Serrano, Luisa Maria, additional, Smith, Alexis M. S., additional, Twicken, Joseph D., additional, and Winn, Joshua N., additional

Published
2022
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19. TOI-2046b, TOI-1181b, and TOI-1516b, three new hot Jupiters from TESS: planets orbiting a young star, a subgiant, and a normal star

Author

Kabath, P., Chaturvedi, P., MacQueen, P., Skarka, M., Subjak, J., Esposito, M., Cochran, W. D., Bellomo, Salvatore E., Karjalainen, Raine, Guenther, E. W., Endl, M, Csizmadia, Szilard, Karjalainen, Marie, Hatzes, A. P., Zak, J, Gandolfi, D., Boffin, H. M. J., Vines, J. I, Livingston, J., Garcia, Rafael A., Mathur, S., Gonzalez-Cuesta, Lucia, Blazek, M., Caldwell, Douglas A., Colón, Knicole D., Deeg, H, Erikson, A, Van Eylen, Vincent, Fong, William, Fridlund, M., Fukui, A., Furesz, G, Goeke, R.F., Goffo, E., Howell, S.B., Jenkins, J.M., Klagyivik, Peter, Korth, J., Latham, David W., Luque, R., Moldovan, Dan, Murgas, F., Narita, N., Orell-Miquel, J., Palle, E., Parviainen, H, Persson, C., Reed, Phillip. A., Redfield, Seth, Ricker, George R., Seager, S., Serrano, L. M., Shporer, A., Smith, Alexis M S, Watanabe, N., Winn, J. N., Kesprint, Team, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), and European Commission

Subjects
stars, planets and satellites: detection, FOS: Physical sciences, techniques spectroscopic, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, TOI-2046, spectroscopic [Techniques], Stars: individual: TOI-1181, TOI-1516, TOI-2046, TOI-1516, techniques radial velocities, techniques: radial velocities, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, individual, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, individual: TOI-1181, TOI-1516, TOI-2046 [Stars], Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), TOI-1181, radial velocities [Techniques], Astronomy and Astrophysics, detection [Planets and satellites], planets and satellites detection, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, stars: individual: TOI-1181, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, techniques: spectroscopic, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Full list of authors: Kabath, Petr; Chaturvedi, Priyanka; MacQueen, Phillip J.; Skarka, Marek; Subjak, Jan; Esposito, Massimilliano; Cochran, William D.; Bellomo, Salvatore E.; Karjalainen, Raine; Guenther, Eike W.; Endl, Michael; Csizmadia, Szilard; Karjalainen, Marie; Hatzes, Artie; Zak, Jiri; Gandolfi, Davide; Boffin, Henri M. J.; Vines, Jose, I; Livingston, John H.; Garcia, Rafael A.; Mathur, Savita; Gonzalez-Cuesta, Lucia; Blazek, Martin; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Colon, Knicole D.; Deeg, Hans; Erikson, Anders; Van Eylen, Vincent; Fong, William; Fridlund, Malcolm; Fukui, Akihiko; Furesz, Gabor; Goeke, Robert F.; Goffo, Elisa; Howell, Steve; Jenkins, Jon M.; Klagyivik, Peter; Korth, Judith; Latham, David W.; Luque, Rafael; Moldovan, Dan; Murgas, Felipe; Narita, Norio; Orell-Miquel, Jaume; Palle, Enric; Parviainen, Hannu; Persson, Carina M.; Reed, Phillip A.; Redfield, Seth; Ricker, George R.; Seager, Sara; Serrano, Luisa Maria; Shporer, Avi; Smith, Alexis M. S.; Watanabe, Noriharu; Winn, Joshua N.; KESPRINT Team., We present the confirmation and characterization of three hot Jupiters, TOI-1181b, TOI-1516b, and TOI-2046b, discovered by the TESS space mission. The reported hot Jupiters have orbital periods between 1.4 and 2.05 d. The masses of the three planets are 1.18 ± 0.14 MJ, 3.16 ± 0.12 MJ, and 2.30 ± 0.28 MJ, for TOI-1181b, TOI-1516b, and TOI-2046b, respectively. The stellar host of TOI-1181b is a F9IV star, whereas TOI-1516b and TOI-2046b orbit F main sequence host stars. The ages of the first two systems are in the range of 2–5 Gyrs. However, TOI-2046 is among the few youngest known planetary systems hosting a hot Jupiter, with an age estimate of 100–400 Myrs. The main instruments used for the radial velocity follow-up of these three planets are located at Ondřejov, Tautenburg, and McDonald Observatory, and all three are mounted on 2–3 m aperture telescopes, demonstrating that mid-aperture telescope networks can play a substantial role in the follow-up of gas giants discovered by TESS and in the future by PLATO. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society, This work is done under the framework of the KESPRINT collaboration (http://www.kesprint.science). KESPRINT is an international consortium devoted to the characterization and research of exoplanets discovered with space-based missions. This work is based on data sets obtained with the Perek 2-m telescope. PK, JS, MS, RK, and MB are acknowledging the support by Inter-transfer grant no LTT-20015. MK acknowledges the support from ESA-PRODEX PEA4000127913. PK and JS acknowledge a travel budget from ERASMUS + grant 2020-1-CZ01-KA203-078200. HB’s mobility was funded under: MŠMT – CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0016972 Podpora mezinárodní spolupráce v astronomii. PC acknowledges the generous support from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) of the grant CH 2636/1-1. PR acknowledges support from National Science Foundations (NSF) grant No. 1952545. This work was generously supported by the Thüringer Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Digitale Gesellschaft. We acknowledge the use of public TESS data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS Science Processing Operations Center. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. JIV acknowledges support of CONICYT-PFCHA/Doctorado Nacional-21191829. This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP20K14518. JK gratefully acknowledge the support of the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA; DNR 2020-00104). HD acknowledges support from the Spanish Research Agency of the Ministry of Science and Innovation (AEI-MICINN) under grant PID2019-107061GB-C66, DOI: 10.13039/501100011033. RL acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, through project PID2019-109522GB-C52, and the Centre of Excellence ’Severo Ochoa’ award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This is University of Texas Center for Planetary Systems Habitability contribution #0054. LGC acknowledges support from grant FPI-SO from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) (research project SEV-2015-0548-17-2 and predoctoral contract BES-2017-082610). SM acknowledges support by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation with the Ramon y Cajal fellowship number RYC-2015-17697 and the grant number PID2019-107187GB-I00. RAG acknowledges the support from PLATO and GOLF CNES grants. This paper includes data collected with the TESS mission, obtained from the MAST data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by the NASA Explorer Program. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. Observations in the paper made use of the NN-EXPLORE Exoplanet and Stellar Speckle Imager (NESSI). NESSI was funded by the NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program and the NASA Ames Research Center. NESSI was built at the Ames Research Center by Steve B. Howell, Nic Scott, Elliott P. Horch, and Emmett Quigley. The authors are honored to be permitted to conduct observations on Iolkam Du’ag (Kitt Peak), a mountain within the Tohono O’odham Nation with particular significance to the Tohono O’odham people. This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP17H04574 and JP18H05439, JST PRESTO Grant Number JPMJPR1775, the Astrobiology Center of National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS; Grant Number AB031010). This article is based on observations made with the MuSCAT2 instrument, developed by ABC, at Telescopio Carlos Sánchez operated on the island of Tenerife by the IAC in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide. Observations in the paper made use of the High-Resolution Imaging instrument ‘Alopeke. ‘Alopeke was funded by the NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program and built at the NASA Ames Research Center by Steve B. Howell, Nic Scott, Elliott P. Horch, and Emmett Quigley. ‘Alopeke was mounted on the Gemini North telescope of the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF’s NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Argentina), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea).

Published
2022

20. A-F variable stars from the northern TESS continuous viewing zone

Author

Skarka, Marek, Auer, Reinhold F., Henzl, Zbynek, Masek, Martin, Liska, Jiri, Stegner, David, Karjalainen, Raine, and Adams, Elisabeth R

Subjects
Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present preliminary results of the identification of the variable stars brighter than 11 mag among A- and F-type stars in the northern TESS continuous viewing zone (CVZ). The aim of our efforts is to identify good candidates for the spectroscopic follow-up observations. We found out that about 63 % of all stars show some kind of variability. About one-third of the investigated stars shows a combination of variability types., {"references":["Dupret et al. (2005), A&A, 435, 927","Murphy et al. (2014), MNRAS, 441, 2515,","Murphy et al. (2019), MNRAS, 485, 2380","Stassun et al. (2019), AJ, 158, 138","Skarka et al. (2019), MNRAS, 487, 4230","Paunzen et al. (2020), MNRAS, 499, 3976","Watson et al. (2006), 25th Annual Symposium, The Society for Astronomical Sciences, 47"]}

Published
2021
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22. Aggregate impacts in Saturn's rings

Author

Karjalainen, Raine

Subjects
Automobile industry, Automobile Industry, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.02.009 Byline: Raine Karjalainen Keywords: Accretion; Saturn; rings Abstract: Ring particle aggregates are formed in the outer parts of Saturn's main rings. We study how collisions between aggregates can lead to destruction or coalescence of these aggregates, with local N-body simulations taking into account the dissipative impacts and gravitational forces between particles. Impacts of aggregates with different mass ratios are studied, as well as aggregates that consist of particles with different physical properties. We find that the outcome of the collision is very sensitive to the shape of the aggregate, in the sense that more elongated aggregates are more prone to be destroyed. We were interested in testing the accretion criterion Barbara and Esposito [Barbara, J.M., Esposito, L.W., 2002. Icarus 160, 161-171] used in their F ring simulations, according to which accretion requires that the masses of the colliding bodies differ at least by a factor of 100. We confirm that such a critical mass ratio exists. In particular, simulations indicate that the exact critical mass ratio depends on the internal density and elasticity of particles, and the distance from the planet. The zone of transition, defined by the distance where individual particles or small aggregates first start to stick on the larger aggregate, and by the distance where two similar sized aggregates on the average eventually coalesce is only about 5000 km wide, if fixed particle properties are used. The rotational state of the aggregates that form via aggregate collision rapidly reaches synchronous rotation, similarly to the aggregates that form via gradual growth. Author Affiliation: Department of Physical Sciences, Astronomy Division, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Finland Article History: Received 6 November 2006; Revised 16 February 2007

Published
2007

23. Gravitational accretion of particles in Saturn's rings

Author

Karjalainen, Raine and Salo, Heikki

Subjects
Saturn (Planet) -- Natural history, Saturn (Planet) -- Observations, Saturn (Planet) -- Analysis, Planetary rings -- Analysis, Planetary rings -- Origin, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

Gravitational accretion in the rings of Saturn is studied with local N-body simulations, taking into account the dissipative impacts and gravitational forces between particles. Common estimates of accretion assume that gravitational sticking takes place beyond a certain distance (Roche distance) where the self-gravity between a pair of ring particles exceeds the disrupting tidal force of the central object, the exact value of this distance depending on the ring particles' internal density. However, the actual physical situation in the rings is more complicated, the growth and stability of the particle groups being affected also by the elasticity and friction in particle impacts, both directly via sticking probabilities and indirectly via velocity dispersion, as well as by the shape, rotational state and the internal packing density of the forming particle groups. These factors are most conveniently taken into account via N-body simulations. In our standard simulation case of identical 1 m particles with internal density of solid ice, [rho] = 900 kg [m.sup.-3], following the Bridges et al., 1984 elasticity law, we find accretion beyond a = 137,000-146,000 km, the smaller value referring to a distance where transient aggregates are first obtained, and the larger value to the distance where stable aggregates eventually form in every experiment lasting 50 orbital periods. Practically the same result is obtained for a constant coefficient of restitution [[member of].sub.n] = 0.5. In terms of [r.sub.p] parameter, the sum of particle radii normalized by their mutual Hill radius, the above limit for perfect accretion corresponds to [r.sub.p] < 0.84. Increased dissipation ([[member of].sub.n] = 0.1), or inclusion of friction (tangential force 10% of normal force) shifts the accretion region inward by about 5000 km. Accretion is also more efficient in the case of size distribution: with a q = 3 power law extending over a mass range of 1000, accretion shifts inward by almost 10,000 km. The aggregates forming in simulations via gradual accumulation of particles are synchronously rotating. Keywords: Planetary rings, Saturn; Accretion

Published
2004

24. Photometric modeling of Saturn's rings I. Monte Carlo method and the effect of nonzero volume filling factor

Author

Salo, Heikki and Karjalainen, Raine

Subjects
Saturn (Planet) -- Research, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

The scattering properties of particulate rings with volume filling factors in the interval D = 0.001-0.3 are studied, with photometric Monte Carlo ray tracing simulations combining the advantages of direct (photons followed from the source) and indirect methods (brightness as seen from the observing direction). Besides vertically homogeneous models, ranging from monolayers to classical many-particle thick rings, particle distributions obtained from dynamical simulations are studied, possessing a nonuniform vertical profile and a power law distribution of particle sizes. Self-gravity is not included to assure homogeneity in planar directions. Our main goal is to check whether the moderately flattened ring models predicted by dynamical simulations (with central plane D > 0.1) are consistent with the basic photometric properties of Saturn's rings seen in ground-based observations, including the brightening near zero phase angle (opposition effect), and the brightening of the B-ring with increasing elevation angle (tilt effect). Our photometric simulations indicate that dense rings are typically brighter in reflected light than those with D [right arrow] 0, due to enhanced single scattering. For a vertically illuminated layer of identical particles this enhancement amounts at intermediate viewing elevations to roughly 1 + 2D. Increased single scattering is also obtained for low elevation illumination, further augmented at low phase angles [alpha] by the opposition brightening when D increases: the simulated opposition effect agrees very well with the Lumme and Bowell (1981, Astron. J. 86, 1694-1704) theoretical formula. For large [alpha] the total intensity may also decrease, due to reduced amount of multiple scattering. For the low ([alpha] = 13[degrees]) and high ([alpha] = 155[degrees]) phase angle geometries analyzed in Dones et al. (1993, Icarus 105, 184-215) the brightness change for D = 0.1 amounts to 20% and -17%, respectively. In the case of an extended size distribution, dynamical simulations indicate that the smallest particles typically occupy a layer several times thicker than the largest particles. Even if the large particles form a dynamically dense system, a narrow opposition peak can arise due to mutual shadowing among the small particles: for example, a size distribution extending about two decades can account for the observed about 1[degrees] wide opposition peak, solely in terms of mutual shadowing. The reduced width of the opposition peak for extended size distribution is in accordance with Hapke's (1986, Icarus 67, 264-280) treatment for semi-infinite layers. Due to vertical profile and particle size distribution, the photometric behavior is sensitive to the viewing elevation: this can account for the tilt-effect of the B-ring, as dense and thus bright central parts of the ring become better visible for larger elevation, whereas in the case of smaller elevation, mainly low volume density upper layers are visible. Since multiple scattering is not involved, the explanation works also for albedo well below unity. Inclusion of nonzero volume density helps also to model some of the Voyager observations. For example, the discrepancy between predicted and observed brightness at large phase angles for much of the A-ring (Dones et al., 1993, Icarus 105, 184-215) is removed when the enhanced low [alpha] single scattering and reduced large [alpha] multiple scattering is allowed for. Also, a model with vertical thickness increasing with satumocentric distance offers at least a qualitative explanation for the observed contrast reversal between the inner and outer A-ring in low and high phase Voyager images. Differences in local size distribution and thus on the effective D may also account for the contrast reversal in resonance sites. Keywords: Planetary rings; Saturn; Photometry; Radiative transfer; Collisional physics; Computer techniques

Published
2003

28. Time-resolved spectroscopy of dust and gas from extrasolar planetesimals orbiting WD 1145+017.

Author

Karjalainen, Marie, de Mooij, Ernst J W, Karjalainen, Raine, and Gibson, Neale P

Subjects
ASTEROIDS, PLANETESIMALS, EXTRASOLAR planets, TIME-resolved spectroscopy, ASTRONOMICAL observations
Abstract

Multiple long and variable transits caused by dust from possibly disintegrating asteroids were detected in light curves of WD 1145+017. We present time-resolved spectroscopic observations of this target with QUCAM CCDs mounted in the Intermediate dispersion Spectrograph and Imaging System at the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope in two different spectral arms: the blue arm covering 3800–4025 Å  and the red arm covering 7000–7430 Å. When comparing individual transits in both arms, our observations show with |$20\, \sigma$| significance an evident colour difference between the in- and out-of-transit data of the order of 0.05–0.1 mag, where transits are deeper in the red arm. We also show with |$\gt 6\, \sigma$| significance that spectral lines in the blue arm are shallower during transits than out-of-transit. For the circumstellar lines it also appears that during transits the reduction in absorption is larger on the red side of the spectral profiles. Our results confirm previous findings showing the u ′-band excess and a decrease in line absorption during transits. Both can be explained by an opaque body blocking a fraction of the gas disc causing the absorption, implying that the absorbing gas is between the white dwarf and the transiting objects. Our results also demonstrate the capability of EMCCDs to perform high-quality time-resolved spectroscopy of relatively faint targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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30. A millisecond pulsar candidate in a 21-h orbit: 3FGL J0212.1+5320.

Author

Linares, Manuel, Miles-Páez, Paulo, Rodríguez-Gil, Pablo, Shahbaz, Tariq, Casares, Jorge, Fariña, Cecilia, and Karjalainen, Raine

Subjects
GAMMA ray sources, PULSARS, BINARY stars, STELLAR rotation, RADIAL velocity of stars
Abstract

We present the discovery of a variable optical counterpart to the unidentified gamma-ray source 3FGL J0212.1+5320 and argue that this is a new compact binary millisecond pulsar (MSP) candidate. We show 3FGL J0212.1+5320 hosts a semidetached binary with a 0.869 55 ± 0.000 15 d orbital period and an F6-type companion star at an estimated distance of D = 1.1 ± 0.2 kpc, with a radial velocity curve semi-amplitude K2 = 214.1 ± 5.0 km s-1 and a projected rotational velocity of V sin (i) = 73.2 ± 1.6 km s-1. We find a hard X-ray source at the same location with a 0.5-10 keV luminosity LX = 2.6 x 1032 (D/1.1 kpc)² erg s-1, which strengthens the MSP identification. Our results imply a mass ratio q = M2/M1 = 0.26-0.03+0.02 if the companion star fills its Roche lobe, and q ≳ 0.26 in any case. This classifies 3FGL J0212.1+5320 as a 'redback' binary MSP; if its MSP nature is confirmed, this will be the brightest compact binary MSP in the optical band (r' ≃ 14.3 mag) and will have the longest orbital period among Galactic field systems (nearly 21 h). Based on the light curve peak-to-peak amplitude (Δr = 0.19 mag), we further suggest that the orbital inclination is high and the putative pulsar mass is close to canonical (M1 ≃ 1.3-1.6 Mʘ). Finally, we discuss the lack of heating signatures and asymmetric optical light curves in the context of other redback MSPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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31. Kepler-432 b: a massive warm Jupiter in a 52-day eccentric orbit transiting a giant star.

Author

Ortiz, Mauricio, Gandolfi, Davide, Reffert, Sabine, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Deeg, Hans J., Karjalainen, Raine, Montañés-Rodríguez, Pilar, Nespral, David, Nowak, Grzegorz, Osorio, Yeisson, and Palle, Enric

Subjects
OBSERVATIONS of Jupiter, RED giants, ASTRONOMICAL transits, PLANETARY mass, EXTRASOLAR planets
Abstract

We study the Kepler object Kepler-432, an evolved star ascending the red giant branch. By deriving precise radial velocities from multi-epoch high-resolution spectra of Kepler-432 taken with the CAFE spectrograph at the 2.2 m telescope of Calar Alto Observatory and the FIES spectrograph at the Nordic Optical Telescope of Roque de Los Muchachos Observatory, we confirm the planetary nature of the object Kepler-432 b, which has a transit period of 52 days. We find a planetary mass of Mp = 5.84 ± 0.05 MJup and a high eccentricity of e = 0.478 ± 0.004. With a semi-major axis of a = 0.303 ± 0.007 AU, Kepler-432 b is the first bona fide warm Jupiter detected to transit a giant star. We also find a radial velocity linear trend of ɣ = 0.44 ± 0.04 ms-1 d-1, which suggests the presence of a third object in the system. Current models of planetary evolution in the post-main-sequence phase predict that Kepler-432 b will be most likely engulfed by its host star before the latter reaches the tip of the red giant branch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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