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Objective: Among the numerous plant mineral supplements, potassium (K) projects as a cation showing the most grounded impact on quality properties that discourage-mine natural product attractiveness, customer inclination, and the concentration of fundamentally imperative human-health related phytonutrients. Be that as it may, numerous plant, soil, and natural variables frequently restrain satisfactory take-up of K from the soil in adequate sums to fulfill natural product K necessities amid advancement to optimize the previously mentioned quality traits. Methods: In this study, the atomic absorption method was used to check the total amount of potassium in tomatoes and melons. First, the plant sample was collected in spring (2021-2022) in Ilam city and dried in the shade, then it was prepared and the amount of potassium was measured by an atomic absorption device. Results: The results showed that the amount of potassium in tomatoes and Cucumis melo were about 330 and 352 mg/100gr, respectively. Conclusion: Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy opens a scientific window into the potassium content of tomatoes and Cucumis melo, offering precise measurements and valuable insights. By bridging the gap between scientific analysis and nutritional awareness, this exploration enhances our appreciation for tomatoes and Cucumis melo not only a culinary delight but also a rich source of essential minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We compared the binding properties and dynamics of three experimentally reviewed isoforms of human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). The cytoplasmic variants including isoforms1 and 2 (iso1 and iso2) are produced by alternative splicing; while the mitochondrial form is located in the mitochondria. The iso1 as the canonical sequence contains 187 residues, and iso2 differs from the iso1, where it has 1–52 residues missing at the N-terminus of canonical sequence. Here, the structural models of the iso2 and mitochondrial forms were constructed by the MODELLER program using the crystal structure of the iso1 as the template. Bioinformatics analysis on ligand-bearing structures demonstrates that mitochondrial variant forms more stable complex with ligands compared with iso1 and 2, indicating their different binding properties. The root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) data suggest that C-terminus of iso1 contains two representative highly flexible fragments, while iso2 contains a highly flexible fragment at N-terminus end. Interestingly, both ends of mitochondrial variant have a degree of rigidity. Finally, the observation of differences in structural dynamics and binding properties predicts that the simultaneous existence of enzyme isoforms is a way to increase the speed of the enzyme maneuver in response to various environmental conditions. This prediction needs to be tested experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Mumie, as an inorganic and semi-solid herbal substance, could be obtained from crevice caves and is used for bone diseases in traditional medicine. This study investigated the effects of this substance on the expression of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) enzyme as well as proliferation and mortality rates of MG63 human osteoblast-like cells. Materials and methods: The MG63 cells were cultured and the effect of 100, 200 and 300 μg/ml of mumie extract on cell viability were compared with zoledronic acid and estradiol valerate as positive controls, as well as with MG63 cells alone as the negative control group. The activity rate of the BALP enzyme was also assessed. Results: During 48 hours of the study period, the concentrations of 100 and 200μg/ml of mumie extract increased the proliferation rate and decreased the mortality rate of MG63 cells significantly; however, the concentration of 300μg/ml decreased the proliferation rate and increased the mortality rate of the cells. Also, BALP enzyme expression was slightly affected by 100 and 200 μg/ml of mumie extract whilst it was significantly decreased by the concentration of 300 μg/ml. Conclusion: This study showed that mumie extract has an increasing effect on proliferation rate and a decreasing effect on the mortality rate of osteoblast cells in low concentrations; however, the higher concentrations of this substance could be toxic and effect inversely., Competing Interests: None, (Copyright © Journal of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine.)