580 results on '"Karim MA"'
Search Results
2. Survival, Growth and Yield of Aman Rice Under Varied Duration of Submergence
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Bishas, K, primary, Mamun, MAA, additional, Miah, MAB, additional, and Karim, MA, additional
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- 2023
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3. Virtual screening and experimental analysis of caspase-7 inhibitors as candidates for extending the lifespan of CHO cells
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Sara Kafi, Sajad Najafi, Karim Mahnam, Shirin Farivar, and Javad Ranjbari
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Anti-apoptotic ,Apoptosis inhibition ,Caspase-7 ,Caspase-7 inhibitors ,CHO cells ,Lifespan ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Background: Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells are widely employed in biotechnology for the production of recombinant proteins. Extending the life span of CHO cells and inhibiting the loss of producing cell population through the inhibition of apoptosis can benefit the productivity of those cells. In this study, we aimed to screen and evaluate the impact of some caspase-7 inhibitor candidates on the lifespan of CHO cells. Results: Through virtual screening and molecular docking, risperidone was screened and selected as a potential inhibitor of caspase-7 in CHO cells. The results of MTT assay revealed that the cytotoxicity of risperidone at all concentrations was lower than 50%, and thus it can be suggested as a safe treatment for CHO cells. Annexin V apoptosis and flow cytometry assays revealed that risperidone at 1, 25, and 50 µM concentrations inhibited apoptosis 72 h post-treatment through caspase-7 inhibition. Although gene expression analysis through qRT-PCR demonstrates that risperidone did not affect caspase-7 gene expression. Conclusions: This bioinformatics and experimental study suggests risperidone as a caspase-7 inhibitor with the potential to extend the lifespan of CHO cells and offers possible opportunities in biotechnology.How to cite: Kafi S, Najafi S, Mahnam K, et al. Virtual screening and experimental analysis of caspase-7 inhibitors as candidates for extending the lifespan of CHO cells. Electron J Biotechnol 2024;71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2024.04.007.
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- 2024
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4. Every Newborn-Reach Up Early Education Intervention for All Children (EN-REACH)- a parent group intervention for school readiness in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Tanzania: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
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Mohammad Abdul Awal Miah, Jaya Chandna, Rejina Gurung, Nahya Salim Masoud, Proma Paul, Shafiqul Ameen, Omkar Basnet, Mustafa Miraji, Cally Tann, Ismat Ara Mili, A K M Tanvir Hossain, Atique Iqbal Chowdhury, Asraful Alam, Kate Mackinnon Milner, Shams El Arifeen, Ashish KC, Karim Manji, Paul Lynch, Joy E. Lawn, Jena Derakhshani Hamadani, and EN-REACH collaborative group
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School readiness ,Parenting group intervention ,Early child development (ECD) ,Pre-primary education ,Neuro-developmental delay ,Disabilities ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Vulnerable children, including those with neuro-developmental delays and disabilities, often face barriers in accessing early primary education, thus hindering progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 4.2. Evidence-based interventions are essential to enhancing inclusivity and establishing sustainable implementation strategies to address this challenge. This study, Every Newborn—Reach up Early Education Intervention for All Children (EN-REACH), builds on the previous Every Newborn- Simplified Measurement Integrating Longitudinal Neurodevelopmental and Growth (EN-SMILING) observational cohort study. This paper provides the protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) to evaluate the effectiveness of a parenting group intervention program for enhancing school readiness in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Tanzania, and an embedded process evaluation to inform scalability and feasibility. Methods EN-REACH is a cRCT with at least 150 clusters to evaluate the impact of a parent training program led by trained parent-teacher facilitator pairs, focusing on children aged 4 ~ 6 years preparing for preschool. Approximately 500 participants from the EN-SMILING cohort at each site have been identified. A geographic information system will define ~ 50 clusters in each of the three countries, each with approximately ten parent–child dyads. Half the clusters will be randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The primary outcome is “school readiness”, assessed using the Measuring Early Learning Quality and Outcomes tool. Secondary outcomes include Intelligence Quotient, child functioning, growth, visual, and hearing assessments. Data will be collected at baseline, and post-intervention data following implementation of the parent group intervention sessions over approximately 5 months. Quantitative data on coverage and quality care, combined with qualitative insights from children, caregivers, facilitators, and stakeholders’ perspectives, will be used to conduct a process evaluation applying the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Discussion This protocol details a trial focused on enhancing school readiness and cognitive abilities in young children, inclusive of those with disabilities, aiming to bridge gap from home to early primary education. EN-REACH aims to provide insights into the effectiveness and acceptability of a co-designed disability-inclusive school readiness program in three countries, potentially impacting national and global policies for all children, including those with disabilities. Trial registration The trial was retrospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov on 29 February 2024 (NCT06334627).
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- 2024
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5. Evaluation of Aus rice genotypes grown under rainfed and irrigated conditions
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Alam, MA, primary, Islam, AKMA, additional, Karim, MA, additional, Ghosh, UK, additional, and Khan, MAR, additional
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- 2022
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6. Evaluation of hydrogen production via steam reforming and partial oxidation of dimethyl ether using response surface methodology and artificial neural network
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Karim Mansouri, Fatemeh Bahmanzadegan, and Ahad Ghaemi
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Hydrogen production ,Dimethyl ether ,Steam reforming ,Partial oxidation ,Response surface methodology (RSM) ,Artificial neural network (ANN) ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract This study aims to develop two models for thermodynamic data on hydrogen generation from the combined processes of dimethyl ether steam reforming and partial oxidation, applying artificial neural networks (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM). Three factors are recognized as important determinants for the hydrogen and carbon monoxide mole fractions. The RSM used the quadratic model to formulate two correlations for the outcomes. The ANN modeling used two algorithms, namely multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF). The optimum configuration for the MLP, employing the Levenberg–Marquardt (trainlm) algorithm, consisted of three hidden layers with 15, 10, and 5 neurons, respectively. The ideal RBF configuration contained a total of 80 neurons. The optimum configuration of ANN achieved the best mean squared error (MSE) performance of 3.95e−05 for the hydrogen mole fraction and 4.88e−05 for the carbon monoxide mole fraction after nine epochs. Each of the ANN and RSM models produced accurate predictions of the actual data. The prediction performance of the ANN model was 0.9994, which is higher than the RSM model's 0.9771. The optimal condition was obtained at O/C of 0.4, S/C of 2.5, and temperature of 250 °C to achieve the highest H2 production with the lowest CO emission.
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- 2024
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7. Optimizing remote heart failure management: First experiences with the HeartInsight score for implanted defibrillators
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Luca Santini, Francesco Adamo, Nicola Danisi, Karim Mahfouz, Carlo Colaiaco, Ilaria Finamora, Claudia Sorrentino, Mariagrazia Romano, Alessio Ferrara, Paola Napoli, Daniele Giacopelli, and Fabrizio Ammirati
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cardiac implantable electronic device ,heart failure ,HeartInsight ,implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator ,remote monitoring ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Published
- 2024
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8. Rebamipide gargle and benzydamine gargle in prevention and management of chemo-radiotherapy and radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients (randomized clinical trial)
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Basma Elsaadany, Samah M. Anayb, Karim Mashhour, Mohammed Yossif, and Fat’heya Zahran
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Rebamipide ,Benzydamine HCl ,Oral mucositis ,Radiotherapy ,Chemoradiotherapy ,Head & neck cancer ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
Abstract Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effects of rebamipide gargle in comparison with benzydamine in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Materials and methods Phase III randomized clinical trial was conducted from January 2021 till August 2022 on one hundred patients with head and neck cancer receiving high doses of radiotherapy. These patients were equally allocated into either rebamipide group or benzydamine group, The measured outcomes were the incidence of oral mucositis ≥ grade1, according to the WHO mucositis scale, in addition to the duration, and the onset of oral mucositis. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups, regarding the incidence of a severe grade of oral mucositis (WHO grades 3), as well as the onset and duration of oral mucositis. Both gargles succeeded to prevent the development of WHO grade 4 oral mucositis. Side effects reported were mainly burning sensation in benzydamine group and nausea in rebamipide group. Conclusion Rebamipide mouthwash was as beneficial as benzydamine mouthwash in minimizing the incidence of severe oral mucositis induced by treatment of head and neck cancer. However, rebamipide gargle proved to be superior to benzydamine in terms of reduction in the severity of the radiation-induced oral mucositis. Trial registration The trial was registered in the protocol Registration and Result system of Clinical Trials (Registration ID: NCT04685395)0.28-12-2020.
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- 2024
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9. Impacts of climate change on food system security and sustainability in Bangladesh
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Muhammad Muhitur Rahman, Md Monirul Islam Chowdhury, Md Iqram Uddin Al Amran, Karim Malik, Ismaila Rimi Abubakar, Yusuf A. Aina, Md Arif Hasan, Mohammad Shahedur Rahman, and Syed Masiur Rahman
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adaptation and mitigation strategies ,agriculture ,climate change policy ,food insecurity ,food system vulnerabilities ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Climate change poses a significant threat to the security and sustainability of global food systems, particularly in vulnerable regions such as Bangladesh. This paper comprehensively reviews the impact of climate change on food system security and sustainability in Bangladesh. Specifically, it examines the country's food system and, the climatic conditions endangering food systems and associated vulnerabilities. A systematic review methodology was adopted to select the relevant literature, based on predefined inclusion criteria and research questions. To mitigate selection bias, the research team independently screened and evaluated the articles for inclusion in the review process. Our review reveals increasing trends in temperature fluctuations and irregular rainfall occurrences, posing significant challenges in terms of crop management and planning. The occurrence of floods due to extreme rainfall and sea-level rise exacerbates food insecurity in affected areas. Additionally, moderate to severe droughts have been identified in some regions. The paper also evaluates the effectiveness of current adaptation initiatives and the degree of integration among relevant stakeholders. Through this analysis, the paper emphasizes the importance of local climate-change adaptation strategies and stakeholder collaboration in mitigating the adverse impacts of climate-change on food system security. HIGHLIGHTS The study identifies the climate-change challenges to Bangladesh's fragile food system.; Economic losses and rice production decline are identified due to climate change.; Emphasis on local adaptation initiatives to build resilience among farmers.; Recognition of challenges in existing adaptation efforts.; Call for government-led scaling-up of adaptation programs to enhance food system security and sustainability.;
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- 2024
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10. Changes of Jute Seed Qualities Under Ambient Storage Condition
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Alam, ATMM, primary, Haque, MM, additional, Rasul, MG, additional, Khan, MAA, additional, and Karim, MA, additional
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- 2022
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11. Effect of L-glutathione treatment on biochemical properties, antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes activity in strawberry fruits during storage
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Karim Manda-Hakki and Hamid Hassanpour
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Anthocyanin ,Antioxidant enzymes ,Glutathione ,Lipid peroxidation ,Shelf life ,Strawberry ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The potential of L-glutathione (GSH) (0, 4, 16, 32 and 64 mM) to improve the post-harvest quality and antioxidant capacity of strawberries was investigated during storage (0, 5, 10, and 15 days) in this study. Results showed that weight loss in fruits treated with 64 mM GSH was significantly lower than the control. GSH treatments resulted in higher levels of total phenol content and antioxidant capacity in treated fruits of strawberry. Based on the results, GSH 64 mM significantly increased the levels of total flavonoid, anthocyanin, ascorbic acid, total soluble protein, antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). In addition, GSH 64 mM decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and prevented cell membrane lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that the use of GSH 64 mM may be a promising strategy to improve the marketability, quality and antioxidant capacity of strawberry fruits during storage.
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- 2024
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12. A new route to the synthesis of 2-hydrazolyl-4-thiazolidinone hybrids, evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and molecular modeling insights
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Saghi Sepehri, Ghazaleh Farhadi, Maryam Maghbul, Farough Nasiri, Mohammad Ali Faramarzi, Karim Mahnam, Somayeh Mojtabavi, Mohammad Mahdavi, and Zhaleh Moharrami Oranj
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Diabetes ,α-glucosidase ,In silico study ,Molecular dynamics simulations ,Docking study ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
One of the multifactorial worldwide health syndromes is diabetes mellitus which is increasing at a disturbing rate. The inhibition of α-glucosidase, an enzyme that catalyzes starch hydrolysis in the intestine, is one helpful therapeutic approach for controlling hyperglycemia related to type-2 diabetes. To discover α-glucosidase inhibitors, some 2-hydrazolyl-4-thiazolidinone hybrids (3a-e) were synthesized from new one-pot reaction procedures. Next, their chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR spectra, and elemental analysis technique. Then, the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the titled compounds was evaluated. Among them, derivatives 3b and 3c revealed the highest activity against α-glucosidase compared to acarbose as a drug. Enzyme kinetic studies of the most active derivative (3b) indicated a competitive inhibition. Finally, molecular modeling studies were accomplished to describe vital interactions of the most potent compounds (3b and 3c) with the α-glucosidase enzyme.
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- 2024
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13. Cylinder-piston application for surge prevention and energy efficiency in an industrial compression unit
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Arash Ghanbari and Karim Mazaheri
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Cylinder-piston system ,Robust controller ,Anti-surge control system ,Surge control line ,Wasted energy ,Emissions reduction ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Compressions are prevalent in industrial applications and are notable for their substantial energy consumption. Therefore, the simulation and analysis of the compression process are essential for maintenance and energy conservation efforts. These systems are prone to potentially unstable surge conditions, necessitating the use of traditional anti-surge valves that result in considerable energy losses. Ensuring the near-optimal operation of these systems is critical to minimizing energy consumption.In this article, a conceptual framework for a cylinder-piston mechanism is delineated, intended for design and operation as an active surge control system. Additionally, a modular quasi-one-dimensional model is articulated for the transient simulation of an industrial compression system, which integrates models for both the anti-surge and active control systems. The manuscript presents a novel design, featured by a cylinder-piston system integrated with a robust controller, posited as a potential alternative to traditional anti-surge systems. The effectiveness of this design in expanding the operational envelope of the compression system and surge prevention is rigorously examined. Moreover, a thermodynamic model, grounded in the fundamental laws of mass, momentum, and energy conservation, is applied to each component of the system. Furthermore, the manuscript explores the benefits of the innovative design in achieving a marked decrease in energy wastage. Simulation results from a test scenario reveals that the implementation of the cylinder-piston design, as opposed to the conventional anti-surge system, can diminish energy losses and associated pollutant emissions by approximately 33 percent.
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- 2024
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14. Usage of high-fidelity large eddy simulation to improve the turbulence modeling of Reynolds averaged navier stokes simulation in film cooling applications via a neural network
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Karim Mazaheri and Seyed Ali Abtahi Mehrjardi
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Large eddy simulation ,Neural network ,Surrogate modeling ,Turbulent prandtl number ,Film cooling ,Turbulence modeling ,Heat ,QC251-338.5 - Abstract
In this study, high-Fidelity Large eddy simulation (LES) data was used to create a surrogate turbulence model to enhance the estimation of turbulent heat flux in a Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) solver for film cooling applications. The LES simulation (A flat plate film cooling application with a Reynolds number of 17,382, a blowing ratio of 1 and a density ratio of 2) was validated by comparison with experimental data. A correlation analysis was performed to identify the most influential parameters, and temperature gradient, velocity gradient, turbulent dissipation rate, shear strain rate, and turbulent viscosity ratio were selected as the most effective parameters. A second model was developed to create a Galilean-invariant model that remains unaffected by changes in the coordinate system. Neural network was applied to the LES training data to propose a modified surrogate dynamic turbulent Prandtl number to be applied to the k − ε realizable RANS simulation. The first surrogate model was implemented to two different geometries, one geometry was a flat plate film cooling similar to the training data but with different flow conditions, and another one was a more complex geometry with pressure gradient. The second model was only implemented on the second geometry and produced similar results. The surrogate models predicted a more accurate thermal field near the cooling wall (up-to 58 % error reduction) with a computational time complexity similar to the base RANS solver.
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- 2024
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15. Causal relevance of inflammation to cardiovascular disease
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Karim, MA, Lin, K, Clarke, R, Dehghan, A, Holmes, M, and Walters, R
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Inflammation ,Mendelian randomization ,Cytokines ,Genetic epidemiology ,Human population genetics ,Cardiovascular pharmacology - Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of premature deaths and disability globally. Inflammation, the response of the immune system to damaging stimuli, was reported to contribute to CVD risk, with key inflammation-associated proteins (e.g. interleukin-6 [IL-6] signalling) targeted in recent clinical trials. I investigated whether components (IL-6 and IL-6 receptor [IL-6R]) and markers (C-reactive protein [CRP] and fibrinogen) of the IL-6 signalling were associated with CVD risk, with the aim of identifying relevant therapeutic targets for CVD. First, using a nested case-control study design in the prospective China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB), I reported that in Chinese adults higher plasma CRP concentrations, but not plasma fibrinogen levels, were log-linearly associated with higher risks of major coronary events, ischaemic stroke (IS), and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). However, prior genetic studies have reported null associations of plasma CRP- associated genetic variants with CVD risk, precluding CRP as a therapeutic target for CVD. To investigate potential therapeutic targets, I used genome-wide association studies of CRP in CKB and in Europeans to derive genetic instruments representing the IL-6R and the IL-6 ligand. The IL-6R instrument was a non-synonymous genetic mutation in the IL6R locus (rs2228145-C) and reportedly mimicked the effects of tocilizumab (an IL-6R antagonist). The IL-6 instrument was composed of three genetic variants in CKB and a single genetic variant in Europeans (rs1880241-G) near the IL6 locus. The CKB/EUR IL-6 genetic instruments were, therefore, constructed to broadly represent effects of lower IL-6 signalling. Using a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach, I showed that although the IL-6R instrument, associated with lower plasma CRP, was associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) phenotypes in both CKB and Europeans, there was no evidence of an association of the IL-6 instrument with CHD in either population. Additionally, on trans-ethnic meta-analysis, there was weak evidence that the IL-6R instrument was associated with a lower risk of IS and a higher ICH risk but with consistent estimates observed with the IL-6 instrument. In conclusion, although the observational study supported the role of inflammation in CVD, the null association of the IL-6 instrument with CHD in both the Chinese and Europeans with weak evidence of lower and higher risk of IS and ICH, respectively, questions the net therapeutic value of targeting IL-6 signalling for CHD.
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- 2022
16. Organotypic culture of human brain explants as a preclinical model for AI-driven antiviral studies
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Emma Partiot, Barbara Gorda, Willy Lutz, Solène Lebrun, Pierre Khalfi, Stéphan Mora, Benoit Charlot, Karim Majzoub, Solange Desagher, Gowrishankar Ganesh, Sophie Colomb, and Raphael Gaudin
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Neurotropic Virus ,Bunyavirus ,Artificial Intelligence ,Small Molecule ,Tahyna Virus ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Viral neuroinfections represent a major health burden for which the development of antivirals is needed. Antiviral compounds that target the consequences of a brain infection (symptomatic treatment) rather than the cause (direct-acting antivirals) constitute a promising mitigation strategy that requires to be investigated in relevant models. However, physiological surrogates mimicking an adult human cortex are lacking, limiting our understanding of the mechanisms associated with viro-induced neurological disorders. Here, we optimized the Organotypic culture of Post-mortem Adult human cortical Brain explants (OPAB) as a preclinical platform for Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven antiviral studies. OPAB shows robust viability over weeks, well-preserved 3D cytoarchitecture, viral permissiveness, and spontaneous local field potential (LFP). Using LFP as a surrogate for neurohealth, we developed a machine learning framework to predict with high confidence the infection status of OPAB. As a proof-of-concept, we showed that antiviral-treated OPAB could partially restore LFP-based electrical activity of infected OPAB in a donor-dependent manner. Together, we propose OPAB as a physiologically relevant and versatile model to study neuroinfections and beyond, providing a platform for preclinical drug discovery.
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- 2024
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17. Validity of BiliDx as a point-of-care bilirubin measurement device to diagnose and monitor neonatal jaundice at Muhimbili National Hospital, an observational study
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Pascal Clemence, Robert Moshiro, and Karim Manji
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Neonatal jaundice ,Total serum bilirubin (TSB) and BiliDx ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Abstract Background Neonatal jaundice is a condition caused by elevated levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream. Laboratory determination of serum bilirubin concentration by total serum bilirubin (TSB) test is still considered as gold standard for clinical guidance and practice. In developed countries, diagnosis of neonatal jaundice is shifting towards point-of-care medical devices. BiliDx is a device developed to allow a fast, blood-based determination of bilirubin levels at the point of care. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of the BiliDx device relative to a standard laboratory total serum bilirubin to diagnose and monitor jaundice among neonates admitted at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). Material and methodology This was a prospective hospital-based observational study conducted at the Neonatal Ward – MNH, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania from November 2022 to January 2023. A total of 180 neonates admitted at the neonatal ward with jaundice and whose parents consented were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected; 2 ml of venous blood into the vacutainer bottle for standard laboratory measurement of total serum bilirubin (TSB) and 25µL blood collected into a transfer pipette tube and applied to BiliDx. STATA version 15.1 was used for data analysis. Results Out of 180 neonates, 39.4% (71/180) had birth weight between 1500 − 2499.9 g, approximately 2/3rd (120/180) were preterm, 92/180 (51.1%) were males and 100/180 (55.6%) were undergoing phototherapy treatment the moment sample taken. The mean bilirubin concentration was 92 mmol/l for BiliDx and 118 mmol/l for standard laboratory TSB. The minimum and maximum values obtained with BiliDx were, 3.4 and 427.5 mmol/l respectively, compared with 10.7 and 382.1 mmol/l using standard laboratory TSB. A linear relationship and correlation coefficient of 0.8408 (p = 0.000) between BiliDx and standard laboratory TSB was found. The regression analysis showed the presence of constant error [coefficient of BiliDx/slope = 0.91, 95% CI (0.82–0.99), p = 0.000] and random error exclusively [coefficient of constant/y-intercept = 48.52, 95%CI (37.70-59.34), p = 0.000]. The Bland–Altman plot showed an acceptable mean difference of 39.1mmol/l, limits of agreement of -48.3mmol/l to 126.4mmol/l, and 179 points (179/180 = 99.4%) lying inside the limits of agreement. Conclusion The results support the use of BiliDx for rapid and accurate testing of elevated levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream among neonates since 99.4% of the differences between BiliDx and standard laboratory TSB lie between the lines of agreement.
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- 2024
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18. Hybrid Algorithm for Development of Reduced Skeletal Kinetic Mechanisms with Specific Species Targeting
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Abbas Babaei Zarch, Karim Mazaheri, and Meysam Khademorezaeian
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Published
- 2024
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19. Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19
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Niemi, MEK, Karjalainen, J, Liao, RG, Neale, BM, Daly, M, Ganna, A, Pathak, GA, Andrews, SJ, Kanai, M, Veerapen, K, Fernandez-Cadenas, I, Schulte, EC, Striano, P, Marttila, M, Minica, C, Marouli, E, Karim, MA, Wendt, FR, Savage, J, Sloofman, L, Butler-Laporte, G, Kim, H-N, Kanoni, S, Okada, Y, Byun, J, Han, Y, Uddin, MJ, Smith, GD, Willer, CJ, Buxbaum, JD, Mehtonen, J, Finucane, H, Cordioli, M, Martin, AR, Zhou, W, Pasaniuc, B, Julienne, H, Aschard, H, Shi, H, Yengo, L, Polimanti, R, Ghoussaini, M, Schwartzentruber, J, Dunham, I, Chwialkowska, K, Francescatto, M, Trankiem, A, Balaconis, MK, Davis, L, Lee, S, Priest, J, Renieri, A, Sankaran, VG, van Heel, D, Deelen, P, Richards, JB, Nakanishi, T, Biesecker, L, Kerchberger, VE, Kenneth, J, Mari, F, Bernasconi, A, Ceri, S, Canakoglu, A, Wolford, B, Faucon, A, Dutta, AK, Schurmann, C, Harry, E, Birney, E, Nguyen, H, Nasir, J, Kaunisto, M, Solomonson, M, Dueker, N, Vadgama, N, Limou, S, Rahmouni, S, Mbarek, H, Darwish, D, Uddin, MM, Albertos, R, Perez-Tur, J, Li, R, Folkersen, L, Moltke, I, Koelling, N, Teumer, A, Kousathanas, A, Utrilla, A, Verdugo, RA, Zarate, R, Medina-Gomez, C, Gomez-Cabrero, D, Carnero-Montoro, E, Cadilla, CL, Moreno-Estrada, A, Garmendia, A, Moya, L, Sedaghati-Khayat, B, Boua, PR, Fave, M-J, Francioli, L, Lemacon, A, Migeotte, I, Patel, S, Varnai, R, Szentpeteri, JL, Sipeky, C, Colombo, F, von Hohenstaufen, K, Lio, P, Vallerga, C, Wang, Q, Tanigawa, Y, Im, H, Han, C, Song, H, Lim, J, Lee, Y, Kim, S, Im, S, Atanasovska, B, Ahmad, HF, Boer, C, Jansen, P, Franke, L, Kaja, E, Pasko, D, Kennis-Szilagyi, I, Kornilov, SA, Prijatelj, V, Prokic, I, Sivanadhan, I, Perumal, S, Esmaeeli, S, Pearson, NM, Auton, A, Shelton, JF, Shastri, AJ, Filshtein-Sonmez, T, Coker, D, Symons, A, Esparza-Gordillo, J, Aslibekyan, S, O'Connell, J, Ye, C, Weldon, CH, Perera, M, O'Leary, K, Tuck, M, O'Brien, T, Meltzer, D, O'Donnell, P, Nutescu, E, Yang, G, Alarcon, C, Herrmann, S, Mazurek, S, Banagan, J, Hamidi, Z, Barbour, A, Raffat, N, Moreno, D, Friedman, P, Ferwerda, B, van de Beek, D, Brouwer, MC, Vlaar, APJ, Wiersinga, WJ, Posthuma, D, Tissink, E, Zwinderman, AHK, Uffelmann, E, van Agtmael, M, Algera, AG, van Baarle, F, Bax, D, Beudel, M, Bogaard, HJ, Bomers, M, Bonta, PI, Bos, L, Botta, M, de Brabander, J, de Bree, G, de Bruin, S, Bugiani, M, Bulle, E, Chouchane, O, Cloherty, A, Dongelmans, D, Elbers, P, Fleuren, L, Geerlings, S, Geerts, B, Geijtenbeek, T, Girbes, A, Goorhuis, B, Grobusch, MP, Hafkamp, F, Hagens, L, Hamann, J, Harris, V, Hemke, R, Hermans, SM, Heunks, L, Hollmann, M, Horn, J, Hovius, JW, de Jong, MD, Koning, R, van Mourik, N, Nellen, J, Nossent, EJ, Paulus, F, Peters, E, van der Poll, T, Preckel, B, Prins, JM, Raasveld, J, Reijnders, T, Schinkel, M, Schultz, MJ, Schuurman, A, Sigaloff, K, Smit, M, Stijnis, CS, Stilma, W, Teunissen, C, Thoral, P, Tsonas, A, van der Valk, M, Veelo, D, de Vries, H, van Vugt, M, Wouters, D, Minnaar, RP, Kromhout, A, van Uffelen, KWJ, 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Hirofumi, Ikemura, Shinnosuke, Chubachi, Shotaro, Okamori, Satoshi, Terai, Hideki, Tanaka, Hiromu, Morita, Atsuho, Lee, Ho, Asakura, Takanori, Sasaki, Junichi, Morisaki, Hiroshi, Uwamino, Yoshifumi, Nanki, Kosaku, Mikami, Yohei, Tomono, Kazunori, Kato, Kazuto, Matsuda, Fumihiko, Takahashi, Meiko, Hizawa, Nobuyuki, Takeda, Yoshito, Hirata, Haruhiko, Shiroyama, Takayuki, Miyawaki, Satoru, Suzuki, Ken, Maeda, Yuichi, Nii, Takuro, Noda, Yoshimi, Niitsu, Takayuki, Adachi, Yuichi, Enomoto, Takatoshi, Amiya, Saori, Hara, Reina, Takahashi, Kunihiko, Anzai, Tatsuhiko, Hasegawa, Takanori, Ito, Satoshi, Koike, Ryuji, Endo, Akifumi, Uchimura, Yuji, Miyazaki, Yasunari, Honda, Takayuki, Tateishi, Tomoya, Tohda, Shuji, Ichimura, Naoya, Sonobe, Kazunari, Sassa, Chihiro, Nakajima, Jun, Nannya, Yasuhito, Omae, Yosuke, Takahashi, Kazuhisa, Harada, Norihiro, Hiki, Makoto, Takagi, Haruhi, Nakamura, Ai, Tagaya, Etsuko, Kawana, Masatoshi, Arimura, Ken, Ishiguro, Takashi, Takayanagi, Noboru, Isono, Taisuke, Takaku, Yotaro, Takano, Kenji, Anan, Ryusuke, Nakajima, Yukiko, Nakano, Yasushi, Nishio, Kazumi, Ueda, Soichiro, Hayashi, Reina, Tateno, Hiroki, Hase, Isano, Yoshida, Shuichi, Suzuki, Shoji, Mitamura, Keiko, Saito, Fumitake, Ueda, Tetsuya, Azuma, Masanori, Nagasaki, Tadao, Yasui, Yoshinori, Hasegawa, Yoshinori, Mutoh, Yoshikazu, Yoshiyama, Takashi, Shoko, Tomohisa, Kojima, Mitsuaki, Adachi, Tomohiro, Ishikawa, Motonao, Takahashi, Kenichiro, Watanabe, Kazuyoshi, Manabe, Tadashi, Ito, Fumimaro, Fukui, Takahiro, Funatsu, Yohei, Koh, Hidefumi, Hirai, Yoshihiro, Kawashima, Hidetoshi, Narita, Atsuya, Niwa, Kazuki, Sekikawa, Yoshiyuki, Saito, Fukuki, Yoshiya, Kazuhisa, Yoshihara, Tomoyuki, Suzuki, Yusuke, Nakayama, Sohei, Masuzawa, Keita, Nishi, Koichi, Nishitsuji, Masaru, Tani, Maiko, Inoue, Takashi, Hirano, Toshiyuki, Kobayashi, Keigo, Miyazawa, Naoki, Kimura, Yasuhiro, Sado, Reiko, Ogura, Takashi, Kitamura, Hideya, Murohashi, Kota, Nakachi, Ichiro, Baba, Rie, Arai, Daisuke, Fuke, Satoshi, Saito, Hiroshi, Kuwahara, Naota, Fujiwara, Akiko, Okada, Takenori, Baba, Tomoya, Noda, Junya, Mashimo, Shuko, Yagi, Kazuma, Shiomi, Tetsuya, Hashiguchi, Mizuha, Odani, Toshio, Mochimaru, Takao, Oyamada, Yoshitaka, Mori, Nobuaki, Izumi, Namiki, Nagata, Kaoru, Taki, Reiko, Murakami, Koji, Yamada, Mitsuhiro, Sugiura, Hisatoshi, Hayashi, Kentaro, Shimizu, Tetsuo, Gon, Yasuhiro, Fujitani, Shigeki, Tsuchida, Tomoya, Yoshida, Toru, Kagaya, Takashi, Kita, Toshiyuki, Sakagami, Satoru, Kimizuka, Yoshifumi, Kawana, Akihiko, Nakamura, Yoshihiko, Ishikura, Hiroyasu, Takata, Tohru, Kikuchi, Takahide, Taniyama, Daisuke, Nakamura, Morio, Kodama, Nobuhiro, Kaneyama, Yasunari, Maeda, Shunsuke, Nagasaki, Yoji, Okamoto, Masaki, Ishihara, Sayoko, Ito, Akihiro, Chihara, Yusuke, Takeuchi, Mayumi, Onoi, Keisuke, Hashimoto, Naozumi, Wakahara, Keiko, Ando, Akira, Masuda, Makoto, Wakabayashi, Aya, Watanabe, Hiroki, Sageshima, Hisako, Nakada, Taka-Aki, Abe, Ryuzo, Shimada, Tadanaga, Kawamura, Kodai, Ichikado, Kazuya, Nishiyama, Kenta, Yamasaki, Masaki, Hashimoto, Satoru, Kusaka, Yu, Ohba, Takehiko, Isogai, Susumu, Takada, Minoru, Kanda, Hidenori, Komase, Yuko, Sano, Fumiaki, Asano, Koichiro, Oguma, Tsuyoshi, Harada, Masahiro, Takahashi, Takeshi, Shibusawa, Takayuki, Abe, Shinji, Kono, Yuta, Togashi, Yuki, Izumo, Takehiro, Inomata, Minoru, Awano, Nobuyasu, Ogawa, Shinichi, Ogata, Tomouki, Ishihara, Shoichiro, Kanehiro, Arihiko, Ozaki, Shinji, Fuchimoto, Yasuko, Kitagawa, Yuichiro, Yoshida, Shozo, Ogura, Shinji, Nishiyama, Kei, Yoshida, Kousuke, Beppu, Satoru, Fukuyama, Satoru, Eriguchi, Yoshihiro, Yonekawa, Akiko, Inoue, Yoshiaki, Yamagata, Kunihiro, Chiba, Shigeru, Narumoto, Osamu, Nagai, Hideaki, Ooshima, Nobuharu, Motegi, Mitsuru, Sagara, Hironori, Tanaka, Akihiko, Ohta, Shin, Shibata, Yoko, Tanino, Yoshinori, Sato, Yuki, Yamada, Yuichiro, Hashino, Takuya, Shinoki, Masato, Iwagoe, Hajime, Imamura, Tomonori, Umeda, Akira, Shimada, Hisato, Endo, Mayu, Hayashi, Shinichi, Takahashi, Mai, Nakano, Shigefumi, Yatomi, Masakiyo, Maeno, Toshitaka, Ishii, Tomoo, Utsugi, Mitsuyoshi, Ono, Akihiro, Kanaoka, Kensuke, Ihara, Shoichi, Komuta, Kiyoshi, Boezen, Marike, Claringbould, Annique, Lopera, Esteban, Warmerdam, Robert, Vonk, Judith. M., van Blokland, Irene, Lanting, Pauline, Ori, Anil P. S., Obeidat, Ma’En, Hernández Cordero, Ana I., Sin, Don D., Bossé, Yohan, Joubert, Philippe, Hao, Ke, Nickle, David, Timens, Wim, van den Berge, Maarten, Feng, Yen-Chen Anne, Mercader, Josep, Weiss, Scott T., Karlson, Elizabeth W., Smoller, Jordan W., Murphy, Shawn N., Meigs, James B., Woolley, Ann E., Green, Robert C., Perez, Emma F., Zöllner, Sebastian, Wang, Jiongming, Beck, Andrew, Sloofman, Laura G., Ascolillo, Steven, Sebra, Robert P., Collins, Brett L., Levy, Te, Sealfon, Stuart C., Jordan, Daniel M., Thompson, Ryan C., Gettler, Kyle, Chaudhary, Kumardeep, Belbin, Gillian M., Preuss, Michael, Hoggart, Clive, Choi, Sam, Underwood, Slayton J., Salib, Irene, Britvan, Bari, Keller, Katherine, Tang, Lara, Peruggia, Michael, Hiester, Liam L., Niblo, Kristi, Aksentijevich, Alexandra, Labkowsky, Alexander, Karp, Avromie, Zlatopolsky, Menachem, Zyndorf, Marissa, Charney, Alexander W., Beckmann, Noam D., Schadt, Eric E., Abul-Husn, Noura S., Cho, Judy H., Itan, Yuval, Kenny, Eimear E., Loos, Ruth J. F., Nadkarni, Girish N., Do, Ron, O’Reilly, Paul, Huckins, Laura M., Ferreira, Manuel A. R., Abecasis, Goncalo R., Leader, Joseph B., Cantor, Michael N., Justice, Anne E., Carey, Dave J., Chittoor, Geetha, Josyula, Navya Shilpa, Kosmicki, Jack A., Horowitz, Julie E., Baras, Ari, Gass, Matthew C., Yadav, Ashish, Mirshahi, Tooraj, Jan Hottenga, Jouke, Bartels, Meike, de Geus, Eco J. C., Nivard, Michel G., Verma, Anurag, Ritchie, Marylyn D., Rader, Daniel, Li, Binglan, Verma, Shefali S., Lucas, Anastasia, Bradford, Yuki, Zara, Federico, Salpietro, Vincenzo, Scala, Marcello, Iacomino, Michele, Scudieri, Paolo, Bocciardi, Renata, Minetti, Carlo, Riva, Antonella, Vari, Maria Stella, Rahier, Jean-Françoi, Giorgio, Elisa, Carli, Diana, Louis, Edouad, Bulik, Cynthia M., Landén, Mikael, Brusco, Alfredo, Ferrero, Giovanni Battista, Madia, Francesca, Fundín, Bengt, Ismail, Said I., Saad, Chadi, Al-Sarraj, Yaser, Badji, Radja Messai, Al-Muftah, Wadha, Al Thani, Asma, Afifi, Nahla, Klovins, Jani, Rovite, Vita, Rescenko, Raimond, Peculis, Raiti, Ustinova, Monta, Zeberg, Hugo, Frithiof, Robert, Hultström, Michael, Lipcsey, Miklo, Johnson, Ruth, Geschwind, Daniel H., Freimer, Nelson, Butte, Manish J., Ding, Yi, Chiu, Alec, Chang, Timothy S., Boutros, Paul, Moutsianas, Louka, Caulfield, Mark J., Scott, Richard H., Walker, Susan, Stuckey, Alex, Odhams, Christopher A., Rhodes, Daniel, Fowler, Tom, Rendon, Augusto, Chan, Georgia, Arumugam, Prabhu, Karczewski, Konrad J., Wilson, Daniel J., Spencer, Chris A., Crook, Derrick W., Wyllie, David H., O’Connell, Anne Marie, Atkinson, Elizabeth G., Tsuo, Kristin, Baya, Nikola, Turley, Patrick, Gupta, Rahul, Walters, Raymond K., Palmer, Duncan S., Sarma, Gopal, Cheng, Nathan, Lu, Wenhan, Churchhouse, Claire, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., King, Daniel, Seed, Cotton, Daly, Mark J., Bryant, Sam, Satterstrom, F. Kyle, Band, Gavin, Earle, Sarah G., Lin, Shang-Kuan, Arning, Nicola, Armstrong, Jacob, Rudkin, Justine K., Callier, Shawneequa, Cusick, Caroline, Soranzo, Nicole, Zhao, Jing Hua, Danesh, John, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Butterworth, Adam S., Sun, Yan V., Huffman, Jennifer E., Cho, Kelly, O’Donnell, Christopher J., Tsao, Phil, Gaziano, J. Michael, Peloso, Gina, Ho, Yuk-Lam, Mian, Michael, Scaggiante, Federica, Chang, Xiao, Glessner, Joseph R., Hakonarson, Hakon, Mcguigan, Peter J., Prockter Moore, Luke Stephen, Vizcaychipi, Marcela Paola, Hall, Kathryn, Campbell, Andy, Nichol, Ailstair, Ward, Geraldine, Page, Valerie Joan, Semple, Malcolm G., Adeniji, Kayode, Agranoff, Daniel, Agwuh, Ken, Ail, Dhiraj, Aldera, Erin L., Alegria, Ana, Angus, Brian, Ashish, Abdul, Atkinson, Dougal, Bari, Shahedal, Barlow, Gavin, Barnass, Stella, Barrett, Nichola, Bassford, Christopher, Basude, Sneha, Baxter, David, Beadsworth, Michael, Bernatoniene, Jolanta, Berridge, John, Best, Nicola, Bothma, Pieter, Chadwick, David, Brittain-Long, Robin, Bulteel, Naomi, Burden, Tom, Burtenshaw, Andrew, Caruth, Vikki, Chambler, Duncan, Chee, Nigel, Child, Jenny, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, Clark, Tom, Collini, Paul, Cosgrove, Catherine, Cupitt, Jason, Cutino-Moguel, Maria-Teresa, Dark, Paul, Dawson, Chri, Dervisevic, Samir, Donnison, Phil, Douthwaite, Sam, Drummond, Andrew, Durand, Ingrid, Dushianthan, Ahilanadan, Dyer, Tristan, Evans, Cariad, Eziefula, Chi, Fegan, Christopher, Finn, Adam, Fullerton, Duncan, Garg, Sanjeev, Garg, Atul, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni, Godden, Jo, Goldsmith, Arthur, Graham, Clive, Hardy, Elaine, Hartshorn, Stuart, Harvey, Daniel, Havalda, Peter, Hawcutt, Daniel B., Hobrok, Maria, Hodgson, Luke, Hormis, Anil, Jacobs, Michael, Jain, Susan, Jennings, Paul, Kaliappan, Agilan, Kasipandian, Vidya, Kegg, Stephen, Kelsey, Michael, Kendall, Jason, Kerrison, Caroline, Kerslake, Ian, Koch, Oliver, Koduri, Gouri, Koshy, George, Laha, Shondipon, Laird, Steven, Larkin, Susan, Leiner, Tama, Lillie, Patrick, Limb, Jame, Linnett, Vanessa, Little, Jeff, Lyttle, Mark, Macmahon, Michael, Macnaughton, Emily, Mankregod, Ravish, Masson, Huw, Matovu, Elijah, Mccullough, Katherine, Mcewen, Ruth, Meda, Manjula, Mills, Gary H., Minton, Jane, Ward, Karl, Mirfenderesky, Mariyam, Mohandas, Kavya, Mok, Quen, Moon, Jame, Moore, Elinoor, Morgan, Patrick, Morris, Craig, Mortimore, Katherine, Moses, Samuel, Mpenge, Mbiye, Mulla, Rohinton, Murphy, Michael, Nagel, Megan, Nagarajan, Thapa, Nelson, Mark, O’Shea, Matthew K., Otahal, Igor, Ostermann, Marlie, Pais, Mark, Panchatsharam, Selva, Papakonstantinou, Danai, Paraiso, Hassan, Patel, Brij, Pattison, Natalie, Pepperell, Justin, Peters, Mark, Phull, Mandeep, Pintus, Stefania, Pooni, Jagtur Singh, Post, Frank, Price, David, Prout, Rachel, Rae, Nikola, Reschreiter, Henrik, Reynolds, Tim, Richardson, Neil, Roberts, Mark, Roberts, Devender, Rose, Alistair, Rousseau, Guy, Ryan, Brendan, Saluja, Taranprit, Shah, Aarti, Shanmuga, Prad, Sharma, Anil, Shawcross, Anna, Sizer, Jeremy, Shankar-Hari, Manu, Smith, Richard, Snelson, Catherine, Spittle, Nick, Staines, Nikki, Stambach, Tom, Stewart, Richard, Subudhi, Pradeep, Szakmany, Tama, Tatham, Kate, Thomas, Jo, Thompson, Chri, Thompson, Robert, Tridente, Ascanio, Tupper-Carey, Darell, Twagira, Mary, Ustianowski, Andrew, Vallotton, Nick, Vincent-Smith, Lisa, Visuvanathan, Shico, Vuylsteke, Alan, Waddy, Sam, Wake, Rachel, Walden, Andrew, Welters, Ingeborg, Whitehouse, Tony, Whittaker, Paul, Whittington, Ashley, Papineni, Padmasayee, Wijesinghe, Meme, Williams, Martin, Wilson, Lawrence, Cole, Sarah, Winchester, Stephen, Wiselka, Martin, Wolverson, Adam, Wooton, Daniel G., Workman, Andrew, Yates, Bryan, Young, Peter, Beale, Rupert, Bretherick, Andrew D., Clohisey, Sara, Fourman, Max Head, Furniss, Jame, Gountouna, Elvina, Grimes, Graeme, Haley, Chri, Harrison, David, Hayward, Caroline, Keating, Sean, Klaric, Lucija, Klenerman, Paul, Law, Andy, Meynert, Alison M., Millar, Jonathan, Pairo-Castineira, Erola, Parkinson, Nichola, Ponting, Chris P., Porteous, David J., Rawlik, Konrad, Richmond, Anne, Rowan, Kathy, Russell, Clark D., Shen, Xia, Shih, Barbara, Tenesa, Albert, Vitart, Veronique, Wang, Bo, Wilson, James F., Wu, Yang, Yang, Jian, Yang, Zhijian, Zechner, Marie, Zhai, Ranran, Zheng, Chenqing, Norman, Lisa, Pius, Riinu, Drake, Thomas M., Fairfield, Cameron J., Knight, Stephen R., Mclean, Kenneth A., Murphy, Derek, Shaw, Catherine A., Dalton, Jo, Girvan, Michelle, Saviciute, Egle, Roberts, Stephanie, Harrison, Janet, Marsh, Laura, Connor, Marie, Halpin, Sophie, Jackson, Clare, Gamble, Carrol, Leeming, Gary, Law, Andrew, Wham, Murray, Hendry, Ro, Scott-Brown, Jame, Begg, Colin, Hinds, Charle, Wai Ho, Antonia Ying, Horby, Peter W., Knight, Julian, Ling, Lowell, Maslove, David, Mcauley, Danny, Montgomery, Hugh, Nichol, Alistair, Openshaw, Peter J. M., Summers, Charlotte, Walsh, Timothy, Armstrong, Lisa, Bates, Hayley, Dooks, Emma, Farquhar, Fiona, Hairsine, Brigid, Mcparland, C., Packham, Sophie, Alldis, Zoe, Astin-Chamberlain, Raine, Bibi, Fatima, Biddle, Jack, Blow, Sarah, Bolton, Matthew, Borra, Catherine, Bowles, Ruth, Burton, Maudrian, Choudhury, Yasmin, Collier, David, Cox, Amber, Easthope, Amy, Ebano, Patrizia, Fotiadis, Stavro, Gurasashvili, Jana, Halls, Rosslyn, Hartridge, Pippa, Kallon, Delordson, Kassam, Jamila, Lancoma-Malcolm, Ivone, Matharu, Maninderpal, May, Peter, Mitchelmore, Oliver, Newman, Tabitha, Patel, Mital, Pheby, Jane, Pinzuti, Irene, Prime, Zoe, Prysyazhna, Oleksandra, Shiel, Julian, Taylor, Melanie, Tierney, Carey, Wood, Suzanne, Zak, Anne, Zongo, Olivier, Forsey, Miranda, Nicholson, Anne, Riches, Joanne, Vertue, Mark, Wasson, Christopher, Finn, Stephanie, Green, Jackie, Collins, Erin, King, Bernadette, Grauslyte, Lina, Hussain, Musarat, Pogreban, Tatiana, Rosaroso, Lace, Salciute, Erika, Franke, George, Wong, Joanna, George, Aparna, Akeroyd, Louise, Bano, Shereen, Bromley, Matt, Gurr, Lucy, Lawton, Tom, Morgan, Jame, Sellick, Kirsten, Warren, Deborah, Wilkinson, Brian, Mcgowan, Janet, Ledgard, Camilla, Stacey, Amelia, Pye, Kate, Bellwood, Ruth, Bentley, Michael, Loosley, Ronda, Mcguinness, Heather, Tench, Helen, Wolf-Roberts, Rebecca, Gibson, Sian, Lyle, Amanda, Mcneela, Fiona, Radhakrishnan, Jayachandran, Hughes, Alistair, Ali, Asifa, Brady, Megan, Dale, Sam, Dance, Annalisa, Gledhill, Lisa, Greig, Jill, Hanson, Kathryn, Holdroyd, Kelly, Home, Marie, Kelly, Diane, Kitson, Ro, Matapure, Lear, Melia, Deborah, Mellor, Samantha, Nortcliffe, Tonicha, Pinnell, Jez, Robinson, Matthew, Shaw, Lisa, Shaw, Ryan, Thomis, Lesley, Wilson, Alison, Wood, Tracy, Bayo, Lee-Ann, Merwaha, Ekta, Ishaq, Tahira, Hanley, Sarah, Antcliffe, David, Banach, Dorota, Brett, Stephen, Coghlan, Phoebe, Fernandez, Ziortza, Gordon, Anthony, Rojo, Roceld, Arias, Sonia Sousa, Templeton, Maie, Jha, Rajeev, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Lim, Lai, Bi, Rehana, Scholefield, Barney, Ashton, Lydia, Williams, Alison, Cheyne, Claire, Saunderson, Anne, Allan, Angela, Anderson, Felicity, Kaye, Callum, Liew, Jade, Medhora, Jasmine, Scott, Teresa, Trumper, Erin, Botello, Adriana, Polgarova, Petra, Stroud, Katerina, Meaney, Eoghan, Jones, Megan, Ng, Anthony, Agrawal, Shruti, Pathan, Nazima, White, Deborah, Daubney, Esther, Elston, Kay, Parker, Robert, Reddy, Amie, Turner-Bone, Ian, Wilding, Laura, Harding, Peter, Jacob, Reni, Jones, Cathy, Denmade, Craig, Croft, Maria, White, Ian, Lim, Li, Griffin, Denise, Muchenje, Nycola, Mupudzi, Mcdonald, Partridge, Richard, Conyngham, Jo-Anna, Thomas, Rachel, Wright, Mary, Corral, Maria Alvarez, Bastion, Victoria, Clarke, Daphene, David, Beena, Kent, Harriet, Lorusso, Rachel, Lubimbi, Gamu, Murdoch, Sophie, Penacerrada, Melchizedek, Thomas, Alastair, Valentine, Jennifer, Vochin, Ana, Wulandari, Retno, Djeugam, Brice, Dawson, Joy, Garrioch, Sweyn, Tolson, Melanie, Aldridge, Jonathan, de Almeida Martins, Laura Gome, Carungcong, Jaime, Beavis, Sarah, Dale, Katie, Gascoyne, Rachel, Hawes, Joanne, Pritchard, Kelly, Stevenson, Lesley, Whileman, Amanda, Cowley, Anne, Highgate, Judith, Crawley, Rikki, Crew, Abigail, Cunningham, Mishell, Daniels, Allison, Harrison, Laura, Hope, Susan, Inweregbu, Ken, Jones, Sian, Lancaster, Nicola, Matthews, Jamie, Nicholson, Alice, Wray, Gemma, Benham, Leonie, Bradshaw, Zena, Brown, Joanna, Caswell, Melanie, Melling, Sarah, Preston, Stephen, Slawson, Nicola, Stoddard, Emma, Warden, Scott, Combes, Edward, Joefield, Teishel, Monnery, Sonja, Beech, Valerie, Trotman, Sallyanne, Hopkins, Bridget, Scriven, Jame, Thrasyvoulou, Laura, Willis, Heather, Anderson, Susan, Birch, Janine, Collins, Emma, Hammerton, Kate, O’Leary, Ryan, Abernathy, Caroline, Foster, Louise, Gratrix, Andrew, Martinson, Vicky, Parkinson, Priyai, Stones, Elizabeth, Carbral-Ortega, Llucia, Kapoor, Ritoo, Loader, David, Castle, Karen, Brandwood, Craig, Smith, Lara, Clark, Richard, Birchall, Katie, Kolakaluri, Laurel, Baines, Deborah, Sukumaran, Anila, Mapfunde, Isheunesu, Meredith, Megan, Morris, Lucy, Ryan, Lucy, Clark, Amy, Sampson, Julia, Peters, Cecilia, Dent, Martin, Langley, Margaret, Ashraf, Saima, Wei, Shuying, Andrew, Angela, Chablani, Manish, Kirkby, Amy, Netherton, Kimberley, Bates, Michelle, Dasgin, Jo, Gill, Jaspret, Nilsson, Annette, Apetri, Elena, Basikolo, Cathrine, Blackledge, Bethan, Catlow, Laura, Charles, Bethan, Doonan, Reece, Harris, Jade, Harvey, Alice, Horner, Daniel, Knowles, Karen, Lee, Stephanie, Lomas, Diane, Lyons, Chloe, Marsden, Tracy, Mclaughlan, Danielle, Mcmorrow, Liam, Pendlebury, Jessica, Perez, Jane, Poulaka, Maria, Proudfoot, Nicola, Slaughter, Melanie, Slevin, Kathryn, Thomas, Vicky, Walker, Danielle, Michael, Angiy, Collis, Matthew, Clark, Martyn, Coulding, Martina, Jude, Edward, Mccormick, Jacqueline, Mercer, Oliver, Potla, Darsh, Rehman, Hafiz, Savill, Heather, Turner, Victoria, Davey, Miriam, Golden, David, Seaman, Rebecca, Hunt, Jodie, Dearden, Joy, Dobson, Emma, Mulcahy, Michelle, Munt, Sheila, O’Connor, Grainne, Philbin, Jennifer, Rishton, Chloe, Tully, Redmond, Winnard, Sarah, Cagova, Lenka, Fofano, Adama, Garner, Lucie, Holcombe, Helen, Mepham, Sue, Mitchell, Alice Michael, Mwaura, Lucy, Praman, K., Vuylsteke, Alain, Zamikula, Julie, Bercades, Georgia, Brealey, David, Hass, Ingrid, Maccallum, Niall, Martir, Glady, Raith, Eamon, Reyes, Anna, Smyth, Deborah, Taylor, Abigail, Hughes, Rachel Anne, Thomas, Helen, Rees, Alun, Duskova, Michaela, Phipps, Janet, Brooks, Suzanne, Edwards, Michelle, Alexander, Peter, Allen, Schvearn, Bradley-Potts, Joanne, Brantwood, Craig, Egan, Jasmine, Felton, Timothy, Padden, Grace, Ward, Luke, Moss, Stuart, Glasgow, Susannah, Beesley, Kate, Board, Sarah, Kubisz-Pudelko, Agnieszka, Lewis, Alison, Perry, Je, Pippard, Lucy, Wood, Di, Buckley, Clare, Brown, Alison, Gregory, Jane, O’Connell, Susan, Smith, Tim, Belagodu, Zakaula, Fuller, Bridget, Gherman, Anca, Olufuwa, Olumide, Paramsothy, Remi, Stuart, Carmel, Oakley, Naomi, Kamundi, Charlotte, Tyl, David, Collins, Katy, Silva, Pedro, Taylor, June, King, Laura, Coates, Charlotte, Crowley, Maria, Wakefield, Phillipa, Beadle, Jane, Johnson, Laura, Sargeant, Janet, Anderson, Madeleine, Jardine, Catherine, Williams, Dewi, Parris, Victoria, Quaid, Sheena, Watson, Ekaterina, Melville, Julie, Naisbitt, Jay, Joseph, Rosane, Lazo, Maria, Walton, Olivia, Neal, Alan, Hill, Michaela, Kannan, Thogulava, Wild, Laura, Allan, Elizabeth, Darlington, Kate, Davies, Ffyon, Easton, Jack, Kumar, Sumit, Lean, Richard, Menzies, Daniel, Pugh, Richard, Qiu, Xinyi, Davies, Llino, Williams, Hannah, Scanlon, Jeremy, Davies, Gwyneth, Mackay, Callum, Lewis, Joannne, Rees, Stephanie, Coetzee, Samantha, Gales, Alistair, Raj, Meena, Sell, Craig, Langton, Helen, Watters, Malcolm, Novis, Catherine, Arbane, Gill, Bociek, Aneta, Campos, Sara, Grau, Neu, Jones, Tim Owen, Lim, Rosario, Marotti, Martina, Whitton, Christopher, Barron, Anthony, Collins, Ciara, Kaul, Sundeep, Passmore, Heather, Prendergast, Claire, Reed, Anna, Rogers, Paula, Shokkar, Rajvinder, Woodruff, Meriel, Middleton, Hayley, Polgar, Oliver, Nolan, Claire, Thwaites, Vicky, Mahay, Kanta, Sri-Chandana, Chunda, Scherewode, Joslan, Stephenson, Lorraine, Marsh, Sarah, Bancroft, Hollie, Bellamy, Mary, Carmody, Margaret, Daglish, Jacqueline, Moore, Faye, Rhodes, Joanne, Sangombe, Mirriam, Kadiri, Salma, Ayers, Amanda, Harrison, Wendy, North, Julie, Cavazza, Anna, Cockrell, Maeve, Corcoran, Eleanor, Depante, Maria, Finney, Clare, Jerome, Ellen, Mcphail, Mark, Nayak, Monalisa, Noble, Harriet, O’Reilly, Kevin, Pappa, Evita, Saha, Rohit, Saha, Sian, Smith, John, Knighton, Abigail, Gill, Mandy, Paul, Paul, Ratnam, Valli, Shelton, Sarah, Wynter, Inez, Baptista, David, Crowe, Rebecca, Fernandes, Rita, Herdman-Grant, Rosaleen, Joseph, Anna, Loveridge, Adam, Mckenley, India, Morino, Eriko, Naranjo, Andre, Simms, Richard, Sollesta, Kathryn, Swain, Andrew, Venkatesh, Harish, Khera, Jacyntha, Fox, Jonathan, Barber, Russell, Hewitt, Claire, Hilldrith, Annette, Jackson-Lawrence, Karen, Shepardson, Sarah, Wills, Maryanne, Butler, Susan, Tavares, Silvia, Cunningham, Amy, Hindale, Julia, Arif, Sarwat, George, Linsha, Twiss, Sophie, Wright, David, Holland, Maureen, Keenan, Natalie, Lyons, Marc, Wassall, Helen, Marsh, Chri, Mahenthran, Mervin, Carter, Emma, Kong, Thoma, Adanini, Oluronke, Bhatia, Nikhil, Msiska, Maine, Mew, Louise, Mwaura, Esther, Williams, Felicity, Wren, Lynn, Sutherland, Sara-Beth, Battle, Ceri, Brinkworth, Elaine, Harford, Rachel, Murphy, Carl, Newey, Luke, Rees, Tabitha, Williams, Marie, Arnold, Sophie, Hardy, John, Houlden, Henry, Moncur, Eleanor, Tariq, Ambreen, Tucci, Arianna, Convery, Karen, Fottrell-Gould, Deirdre, Hudig, Lisa, Keshet-Price, Jocelyn, Randell, Georgina, Stammers, Katie, Abdelrazik, Marwa, Bakthavatsalam, Dhanalakshmi, Elhassan, Munzir, Ganesan, Arunkumar, Haldeos, Anne, Moreno-Cuesta, Jeronimo, Purohit, Dharam, Vincent, Rachel, Xavier, Kugan, Rohit, Kumar, Alasdair, Frater, Saleem, Malik, David, Carter, Jenkins, Samuel, Lamond, Zoe, Wall, Alanna, Reynolds, Jessica, Campbell, Helen, Thompsom, Maria, Dodds, Steve, Duffy, Stacey, Butcher, Deborah, O’Sullivan, Susie, Butterworth-Cowin, Nicola, Deacon, Bethan, Hibbert, Meg, Pothecary, Carla, Tetla, Dariusz, Woodford, Christopher, Durga, Latha, Kennard-Holden, Gareth, de Gordoa, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz, Peasgood, Emily, Phillips, Claire, Skinner, Denise, Gaylard, Jane, Mullan, Dee, Newman, Julie, Davies, Ellie, Roche, Lisa, Sathe, Sonia, Brimfield, Lutece, Daly, Zoe, Pogson, David, Rose, Steve, Collins, Amy, Khaliq, Waqa, Gude, Estefania Treu, Allen, Louise, Beranova, Eva, Crisp, Nikki, Deery, Joanne, Hazelton, Tracy, Knight, Alicia, Price, Carly, Tilbey, Sorrell, Turki, Salah, Turney, Sharon, Giles, Julian, Booth, Simon, Bell, Gillian, English, Katy, Katary, Amro, Wilcox, Louise, Campbell, Rachael, Clarke, Noreen, Whiteside, Jonathan, Mascarenhas, Mairi, Donaldson, Avril, Matheson, Joanna, Barrett, Fiona, O’Hara, Marianne, O’Keefe, Laura, Bradley, Clare, Collier, Dawn, Walker, Rachel, Maynard, Victoria, Patel, Tahera, Smith, Matthew, Kazi, Aayesha, Hartley, Janice, Dykes, Joseph, Hijazi, Muhammad, Keith, Sarah, Khan, Meherunnisa, Ryan-Smith, Janet, Springle, Philippa, Thomas, Jacqueline, Truman, Nick, Saad, Samuel, Coleman, Dabheoc, Fine, Christopher, Matt, Roseanna, Gay, Bethan, Dalziel, Jack, Ali, Syamlan, Goodchild, Drew, Harling, Rhiannan, Bhatterjee, Ravi, Goddard, Wendy, Davison, Chloe, Duberly, Stephen, Hargreaves, Jeanette, Bolton, Rachel, Verlander, Mark, Williams, Alexandra, Blackman, Helen, Creagh-Brown, Ben, Donlon, Sinead, Michalak-Glinska, Natalia, Mtuwa, Sheila, Pristopan, Veronika, Salberg, Armorel, Smith, Eleanor, Stone, Sarah, Piercy, Charle, Verula, Jerik, Burda, Dorota, Montaser, Rugia, Harden, Lesley, Mayangao, Irving, Marriott, Cheryl, Bradley, Paul, Harris, Celia, Cooper, Joshua, Finch, Cheryl, Liderth, Sarah, Quinn, Alison, Waddington, Natalia, Fidler, Katy, Tagliavini, Emma, Donnelly, Kevin, Abel, Lynn, Brett, Michael, Digby, Brian, Gemmell, Lisa, Hornsby, Jame, Macgoey, Patrick, O’Neil, Pauline, Price, Richard, Rodden, Natalie, Rooney, Kevin, Sundaram, Radha, Thomson, Nicola, Flanagan, Rebecca, Hughes, Gareth, Latham, Scott, Mckenna, Emma, Anderson, Jennifer, Hull, Robert, Rhead, Kat, Branney, Debbie, Frankham, Jordan, Pitts, Sally, White, Nigel, Cristiano, Daniele, Dormand, Natalie, Farzad, Zohreh, Gummadi, Mahitha, Liyanage, Kamal, Patel, Brijesh V., Salmi, Sara, Sloane, Geraldine, Varghese, Mathew, Zborowski, Anelise C., Bean, Sarah, Burt, Karen, Spivey, Michael, Eastgate-Jackson, Christine, Filipe, Helder, Martin, Daniel, Maharajh, Amitaa, Garcia, Sara Mingo, De Neef, Mark, Lynch, Ceri, Howe, Gwenllian Sera, Singh, Jayaprakash, Turner, Keri, Ellis, Hannah, Stroud, Natalie, Cherian, Shiney, Cutler, Sean, Heron, Anne Emma, Roynon-Reed, Anna, Williams, Gemma, Richards, Owen, Cheema, Yusuf, Ahmad, Norfaizan, Barker, Joann, Bauchmuller, Kri, Bird, Sarah, Cawthron, Kay, Harrington, Kate, Jackson, Yvonne, Kibutu, Faith, Lenagh, Becky, Masuko, Shamiso, Raithatha, Ajay, Wiles, Matthew, Willson, Jayne, Newell, Helen, Lye, Alison, Nwafor, Lorenza, Jarman, Claire, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, Foote, David, Cole, Joby, Thompson, Roger, Watson, Jame, Hesseldon, Lisa, Macharia, Irene, Chetam, Luke, Smith, Jacqui, Ford, Amber, Anderson, Samantha, Birchall, Kathryn, Housley, Kay, Walker, Sara, Milner, Leanne, Hanratty, Helena, Trower, Helen, Phillips, Patrick, Oxspring, Simon, Donne, Ben, Bevan, Emily, Martin, Jane, Trodd, Dawn, Watson, Geoff, Brown, Caroline Wrey, Bunni, Lara, Jennings, Claire, Latif, Monica, Marshall, Rebecca, Subramanian, Gayathri, Bandla, Nageswar, Gellamucho, Minnie, Davies, Michelle, Thompson, Christopher, Trim, Fiona, Eapen, Beena, Ahmed, Cecilia, Baines, Balvinder, Clamp, Sarah, Colley, Julie, Haq, Risna, Hayes, Anne, Hulme, Jonathan, Hussain, Samia, Joseph, Sibet, Kumar, Rita, Maqsood, Zahira, Purewal, Manjit, Chandler, Ben, Elliott, Kerry, Mallinson, Janine, Turnbull, Alison, Dent, Kathy, Horsley, Elizabeth, Akhtar, Muhmmad Nauman, Pearson, Sandra, Potoczna, Dorota, Spencer, Sue, Blakemore, Hayley, Borislavova, Borislava, Faulkner, Beverley, Gendall, Emma, Goff, Elizabeth, Hayes, Kati, Thomas, Matt, Worner, Ruth, Smith, Kerry, Stephens, Deanna, Delgado, Carlos Castro, Dawson, Deborah, Ding, Lijun, Durrant, Georgia, Ezeobu, Obiageri, Farnell-Ward, Sarah, Harrison, Abiola, Kanu, Rebecca, Leaver, Susannah, Maccacari, Elena, Manna, Soumendu, Saluzzio, Romina Peperman, Queiroz, Joana, Samakomva, Tinashe, Sicat, Christine, Texeira, Joana, Da Gloria, Edna Fernande, Lisboa, Ana, Rawlins, John, Mathew, Jisha, Kinch, Ashley, Hurt, William Jame, Shah, Nirav, Clark, Victoria, Thanasi, Maria, Yun, Nikki, Patel, Kamal, Crickmore, Vikki, Debreceni, Gabor, Wilkins, Joy, Nicol, Liz, Burn, Iona, Hambrook, Geraldine, Manso, Katarina, Penn, Ruth, Shanmugasundaram, Pradeep, Tebbutt, Julie, Thornton, Danielle, Rostron, Anthony, Roy, Alistair, Woods, Lindsey, Cornell, Sarah, Wakinshaw, Fiona, Rogerson, Kimberley, Jarmain, Jordan, Anderson, Peter, Archer, Katie, Austin, Karen, Davis, Caroline, Durie, Alison, Kelsall, Olivia, Thrush, Jessica, Vigurs, Charlie, Wood, Hannah-Louise, Tranter, Helen, Harrison, Alison, Cowley, Nichola, Mcalindon, Michael, Digby, Stephen, Low, Emma, Morgan, Aled, Cother, Naiara, Rankin, Tobia, Clayton, Sarah, Mccurdy, Alex, Allibone, Suzanne, Mary-Genetu, Roman, Patel, Amit, Mac, Ainhi, Murphy, Anthony, Mahjoob, Parisa, Nazari, Roonak, Worsley, Lucy, Fagan, Andrew, Mohamed Ali, Inthakab Ali, Beaumont, Karen, Blunt, Mark, Coton, Zoe, Curgenven, Hollie, Elsaadany, Mohamed, Fernandes, Kay, Ally, Sameena Mohamed, Rangarajan, Harini, Sarathy, Varun, Selvanayagam, Sivarupan, Vedage, Dave, White, Matthew, Fernandez-Roman, Jaime, Hamilton, David O., Johnson, Emily, Johnston, Brian, Martinez, Maria Lopez, Mulla, Suleman, Shaw, David, Waite, Alicia A. C., Waugh, Victoria, Welters, Ingeborg D., Williams, Karen, Bemand, Thoma, Black, Ethel, Rosa, Arnold Dela, Howle, Ryan, Jhanji, Shaman, Baikady, Ravishankar Rao, Tatham, Kate Colette, Thomas, Benjamin, Halkes, Matthew, Mercer, Pauline, Thornton, Lorraine, West, Joe, Baird, Tracy, Ruddy, Jim, Reece-Anthony, Rosie, Birt, Mark, Cowton, Amanda, Kay, Andrea, Kent, Melanie, Potts, Kathryn, Wilkinson, Ami, Naylor, Suzanne, Brown, Ellen, Clark, Michele, Purvis, Sarah, Cole, Jade, Davies, Rhy, Duffin, Donna, Hill, Helen, Player, Ben, Thomas, Emma, Williams, Angharad, Beith, Claire Marie, Black, Karen, Clements, Suzanne, Morrison, Alan, Strachan, Dominic, Taylor, Margaret, Clarkson, Michelle, D’Sylva, Stuart, Norman, Kathryn, Coventry, Tina, Fowler, Susan, Mcgregor, Amanda, Brady, Ailbhe, Chan, Rebekah, Mcivor, Shane, Prady, Helena, Whittle, Helen, Mathew, Bijoy, Clapham, Melanie, Harper, Rosemary, Poultney, Una, Rice, Polly, Mutch, Rachel, Baird, Yolanda, Butler, Aaron, Chadbourn, Indra, Folkes, Linda, Fox, Heather, Gardner, Amy, Gomez, Raquel, Hobden, Gillian, King, Kirsten, Margarson, Michael, Martindale, Tim, Meadows, Emma, Raynard, Dana, Thirlwall, Yvette, Helm, David, Margalef, Jordi, Greer, Sandra, Shuker, Karen, Smuts, Sara, Duffield, Joseph, Smith, Oliver, Mallon, Lewi, Claire, Watkin, Birkinshaw, Isobel, Carter, Joseph, Howard, Kate, Ingham, Joanne, Joy, Rosie, Pearson, Harriet, Roche, Samantha, Scott, Zoe, Knights, Ellen, Price, Alicia, Thomas, Alice, Thorpe, Chri, Abraheem, Azmerelda, Bamford, Peter, Cawley, Kathryn, Dunmore, Charlie, Faulkner, Maria, Girach, Rumanah, Jeffrey, Helen, Jones, Rhianna, London, Emily, Nagra, Imrun, Nasir, Farah, Sainsbury, Hannah, Smedley, Clare, Khade, Reena, Sundar, Ashok, Tsinaslanidis, George, Behan, Teresa, Burnett, Caroline, Hatton, Jonathan, Heeney, Elaine, Mitra, Atideb, Newton, Maria, Pollard, Rachel, Stead, Rachael, Birch, Jenny, Bough, Laura, Goodsell, Josie, Tutton, Rebecca, Williams, Patricia, Williams, Sarah, Winter-Goodwin, Barbara, Auld, Fiona, Donnachie, Joanne, Edmond, Ian, Prentice, Lynn, Runciman, Nikole, Salutous, Dario, Symon, Lesley, Todd, Anne, Turner, Patricia, Short, Abigail, Sweeney, Laura, Murdoch, Euan, Senaratne, Dhaneesha, Burns, Karen, Higham, Andrew, Anderson, Taya, Hawcutt, Dan, O’Malley, Laura, Rad, Laura, Rogers, Naomi, Saunderson, Paula, Allison, Kathryn Sian, Afolabi, Deborah, Whitbread, Jennifer, Jones, Dawn, Dore, Rachael, Lankester, Liana, Nikitas, Nikita, Wells, Colin, Stowe, Bethan, Spencer, Kayleigh, Cathcart, Susanne, Duffy, Katharine, Puxty, Alex, Puxty, Kathryn, Turner, Lynne, Ireland, Jane, Semple, Gary, Barry, Peter, Hilltout, Paula, Evitts, Jayne, Tyler, Amanda, Waldron, Joanne, Irvine, Val, Shelley, Benjamin, Akinkugbe, Olugbenga, Bamford, Alasdair, Beech, Emily, Belfield, Holly, Bell, Michael, Davies, Charlene, Jones, Gareth A. L., Mchugh, Tara, Meghari, Hamza, O’Neill, Lauran, Peters, Mark J., Ray, Samiran, Tomas, Ana Luisa, Gorman, Claire, Gupta, Abhinav, Timlick, Elizabeth, Brady, Rebecca, Bonner, Stephen, Hugill, Keith, Jones, Jessica, Liggett, Steven, Bashyal, Archana, Davidson, Neil, Hutton, Paula, Mckechnie, Stuart, Wilson, Jean, Flint, Neil, Rekha, Patel, Hales, Dawn, Cruz, Carina, Gopal, Shameer, Harris, Nichola, Lake, Victoria, Metherell, Stella, Radford, Elizabeth, Clement, Ian, Patel, Bijal, Gulati, A., Hays, Carole, Webster, K., Hudson, Anne, Webster, Andrea, Stephenson, Elaine, Mccormack, Louise, Slater, Victoria, Nixon, Rachel, Hanson, Helen, Fearby, Maggie, Kelly, Sinead, Bridgett, Victoria, Robinson, Philip, Almaden-Boyle, Christine, Austin, Pauline, Cabrelli, Louise, Cole, Stephen, Casey, Matt, Chapman, Susan, Whyte, Clare, Brayne, Adam, Fisher, Emma, Hunt, Jane, Jackson, Peter, Kaye, Duncan, Love, Nichola, Parkin, Juliet, Tuckey, Victoria, van Koutrik, Lynne, Carter, Sasha, Andrew, Benedict, Findlay, Louise, Adams, Katie, Bruce, Michelle, Connolly, Karen, Duncan, Tracy, T. -Michael, Helen, Lindergard, Gabriella, Hey, Samuel, Fox, Claire, Alfonso, Jordan, Durrans, Laura Jayne, Guerin, Jacinta, Hruska, Martin, Eltayeb, Ayaa, Lamb, Thoma, Hodgkiss, Tracey, Cooper, Lisa, Rothwell, Joanne, Dennis, Catherine, Mcgregor, Alastair, Srikaran, Sinduya, Sukha, Anisha, Davies, Kim, O’Brien, Linda, Omar, Zohra, Perkins, Emma, Lewis, Tracy, Sutherland, Isobel, Brooke, Hollie, Buckley, Sarah, Suarez, Jose Cebrian, Charlesworth, Ruth, Hansson, Karen, Norris, John, Poole, Alice, Rose, Alastair, Sandhu, Rajdeep, Sloan, Brendan, Smithson, Elizabeth, Thirumaran, Muthu, Wagstaff, Veronica, Metcalfe, Alexandra, Camsooksai, Julie, Humphrey, Charlotte, Jenkins, Sarah, Wadams, Beverley, Death, Yasmin, Adams, Colene, Agasou, Anita, Arden, Tracie, Bowes, Amy, Boyle, Pauline, Beekes, Mandy, Button, Heather, Capps, Nigel, Carnahan, Mandy, Carter, Anne, Childs, Danielle, Donaldson, Denise, Hard, Kelly, Hurford, Fran, Hussain, Yasmin, Javaid, Ayesha, Jones, Jame, Jose, Sanal, Leigh, Michael, Martin, Terry, Millward, Helen, Motherwell, Nichola, Rikunenko, Rachel, Stickley, Jo, Summers, Julie, Ting, Louise, Tivenan, Helen, Tonks, Louise, Wilcox, Rebecca, Bokhari, Maria, Lucas, Rachael, Mccormick, Wendy, Ritzema, Jenny, Sanderson, Amanda, Wild, Helen, Baxter, Nicola, Henderson, Steven, Kennedy-Hay, Sophie, Mcparland, Christopher, Rooney, Laura, Sim, Malcolm, Mccreath, Gordan, Brunton, Mark, Caterson, Je, Coles, Holly, Frise, Matthew, Rai, Sabi Gurung, Keating, Liza, Tilney, Emma, Bartley, Shauna, Bhuie, Parminder, Downes, Charlotte, Holding, Kathleen, Riches, Katie, Hilton, Mary, Hayman, Mel, Subramanian, Deepak, Daniel, Priya, Zitter, Letizia, Benyon, Sarah, Marriott, Suzie, Park, Linda, Keenan, Samantha, Gordon, Elizabeth, Quinn, Helen, Baines, Kizzy, Andrew, Gillian, Barclay, Lucy, Callaghan, Marie, Clark, Sarah, Hope, Dave, Marshall, Lucy, Mcculloch, Corrienne, Briton, Kate, Singleton, Jo, Birch, Sophie, Simpson, Kerry, Craig, Jayne, Demetriou, Carrie, Eckbad, Charlotte, Hierons, Sarah, Howie, Lucy, Mitchard, Sarah, Ramos, Lidia, Serrano-Ruiz, Alfredo, White, Katie, Kelly, Fiona, Amin, Vishal, Anastasescu, Elena, Anumakonda, Vikram, Karthik, Komala, Kausar, Rizwana, Reid, Karen, Smith, Jacqueline, Imeson-Wood, Janet, Bellini, Arianna, Bryant, Jade, Mayer, Anton, Pickard, Amy, Roe, Nichola, Sowter, Jason, Howlett, Alex, Criste, Kristine, Cusack, Rebecca, Golder, Kim, Golding, Hannah, Jones, Oliver, Leggett, Samantha, Male, Michelle, Marani, Martyna, Prager, Kirsty, Williams, Toran, Roberts, Belinda, Salmon, Karen, Gondo, Prisca, Hadebe, B., Kayani, Abdul, Masunda, Bridgett, Ahmed, Ashar, Morris, Anna, Jakkula, Sriniva, Long, Kate, Whiteley, Simon, Wilby, Elizabeth, Ogg, Bethan, Moultrie, Sam, Odam, M., Bewley, Jeremy, Garland, Zoe, Grimmer, Lisa, Gumbrill, Bethany, Johnson, Rebekah, Sweet, Katie, Webster, Denise, Efford, Georgia, Bennett, Sara, Goodwin, Emma, Jackson, Matthew, Kent, Alissa, Tibke, Clare, Woodyatt, Wiesia, Zaki, Ahmed, Daniel, Amelia, Finn, Joanne, Saha, Rajnish, Bremmer, Pamela, Allan, J., Geary, T., Houston, Gordon, Meikle, A., O’Brien, P., Bell, Dina, Boyle, Rosalind, Douglas, Katie, Glass, Lynn, Lee, Emma, Lennon, Liz, Rattray, Austin, Charnock, Rob, Mcfarland, Denise, Cosgrove, Denise, Attwood, Ben, Parsons, Penny, Carmody, Siobhain, Oblak, Metod, Popescu, Monica, Thankachen, Mini, Baruah, Rosie, Morris, Sheila, Ferguson, Susie, Shepherd, Amy, Altabaibeh, Abdelhakim, Alvaro, Ana, Gilbert, Kayleigh, Ma, Louise, Mostoles, Loreta, Parmar, Chetan, Simpson, Kathryn, Jetha, Champa, Booker, Lauren, Pratley, Anezka, Cosier, Tracey, Millen, Gemma, Schumacher, Natasha, Weston, Heather, Rand, Jame, Alex, Beatrice, Bach, Benjamin, Barclay, Wendy S., Bogaert, Debby, Chand, Meera, Cooke, Graham S., Docherty, Annemarie B., Dunning, Jake, da Silva Filipe, Ana, Fletcher, Tom, Green, Christoper A., Harrison, Ewen M., Hiscox, Julian A., Ijaz, Samreen, Khoo, Saye, Lim, Wei Shen, Mentzer, Alexander J., Merson, Laura, Noursadeghi, Mahdad, Moore, Shona C., Palmarini, Massimo, Paxton, William A., Pollakis, Georgio, Price, Nichola, Rambaut, Andrew, Robertson, David L., Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa, Scott, Janet T., de Silva, Thushan, Sigfrid, Louise, Solomon, Tom, Sriskandan, Shiranee, Stuart, David, Tedder, Richard S., Thomson, Emma C., Roger Thompson, A. A., Thwaites, Ryan S., Turtle, Lance C. W., Gupta, Rishi K., Palmieri, Carlo, Swann, Olivia V., Zambon, Maria, Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel, Griffin, Julian L., Takats, Zoltan, Chechi, Kanta, Andrikopoulos, Petro, Osagie, Anthonia, Olanipekun, Michael, Liggi, Sonia, Lewis, Matthew R., Correia, Gonçalo dos Santo, Sands, Caroline J., Takis, Panteleimon, Maslen, Lynn, Greenhalf, William, Shaw, Victoria, Mcdonald, Sarah E., Keating, Seán, Ahmed, Katie A., Armstrong, Jane A., Ashworth, Milton, Asiimwe, Innocent G., Bakshi, Siddharth, Barlow, Samantha L., Booth, Laura, Brennan, Benjamin, Bullock, Katie, Catterall, Benjamin W. A., Clark, Jordan J., Clarke, Emily A., Cooper, Louise, Cox, Helen, Davis, Christopher, Dincarslan, Oslem, Dunn, Chri, Dyer, Philip, Elliott, Angela, Evans, Anthony, Finch, Lorna, Fisher, Lewis W. S., Foster, Terry, Garcia-Dorival, Isabel, Gunning, Philip, Hartley, Catherine, Jensen, Rebecca L., Jones, Christopher B., Jones, Trevor R., Khandaker, Shadia, King, Katharine, Kiy, Robyn T., Koukorava, Chrysa, Lake, Annette, Lant, Suzannah, Latawiec, Diane, Lavelle-Langham, Lara, Lefteri, Daniella, Lett, Lauren, Livoti, Lucia A., Mancini, Maria, Mcdonald, Sarah, Mcevoy, Laurence, Mclauchlan, John, Metelmann, Soeren, Miah, Nahida S., Middleton, Joanna, Mitchell, Joyce, Murphy, Ellen G., Penrice-Randal, Rebekah, Pilgrim, Jack, Prince, Tessa, Reynolds, Will, Ridley, P. Matthew, Sales, Debby, Shaw, Victoria E., Shears, Rebecca K., Small, Benjamin, Subramaniam, Krishanthi S., Szemiel, Agnieska, Taggart, Aislynn, Tanianis-Hughes, Jolanta, Thomas, Jordan, Trochu, Erwan, van Tonder, Libby, Wilcock, Eve, Zhang, J. Eunice, Flaherty, Lisa, Maziere, Nicole, Cass, Emily, Carracedo, Alejandra Doce, Carlucci, Nicola, Holmes, Anthony, Massey, Hannah, Murphy, Lee, Wrobel, Nicola, Mccafferty, Sarah, Morrice, Kirstie, Maclean, Alan, Armstrong, Ruth, Boz, Ceilia, Brown, Adam, Coutts, Audrey, Cullum, Louise, Day, Nicky, Donnelly, Lorna, Duncan, Esther, Fawkes, Angie, Finernan, Paul, Gilchrist, Tammy, Golightly, Ailsa, Hafezi, Katarzyna, Law, Dawn, Law, Rachel, Law, Sarah, Macgillivray, Louise, Mal, Hanning, Mcmaster, Ellie, Meikle, Jen, Oosthuyzen, Wilna, Paterson, Trevor, Stenhouse, Andrew, Swets, Maaike, Szoor-McElhinney, Helen, Taneski, Filip, Wackett, Tony, Ward, Mairi, Weaver, Jane, Coyle, Judy, Gallagher, Bernadette, Lidstone-Scott, Rebecca, Hamilton, Debbie, Schon, Katherine, Furlong, Anita, Biggs, Heather, Griffiths, Fiona, Andrews, Eleanor, Brickell, Kathy, Smyth, Michelle, Murphy, Lorna, Carson, Gail, Hardwick, Hayley, Donohue, Chloe, Pérez-Tur, Jordi [0000-0002-9111-1712], Martín, Javier [0000-0002-2202-0622], Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland [Helsinki] (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], A list of authors and their affiliations appears in the Supplementary Information, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, ANR-20-CO11-0001,AABIFNCOV,Bases génétiques et immunologiques des auto-anticorps contre les interférons de type I prédisposant aux formes sévères de COVID-19.(2020), ANR-20-COVI-0003,GENCOVID,Identification des défauts monogéniques de l'immunité responsables des formes sévères de COVID-19 chez les patients précédemment en bonne santé(2020), ANR-21-COVR-0039,GenMIS-C,Recherche 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Bocciolone, M., Miozzo, M., Chueca, N., Montano, N., Faverio, P., Preatoni, P., Bonfanti, P., Omodei, P., Castro, P., Ferrer, R., Gualtierotti, R., Gallego-Durán, R., Morilla, R., Haider, S., Marsal, S., Aneli, S., Pelusi, S., Bosari, S., Aliberti, S., Dudman, S., Zheng, T., Pumarola, T., Cejudo, T.G., Monzani, V., Friaza, V., Peter, W., Dopazo, X., May, S., Grimsrud, M.M., Gudbjartsson, D.F., Stefansson, K., Sulem, P., Sveinbjornsson, G., Melsted, P., Norddahl, G., Swerford Moore, K.H., Thorsteinsdottir, U., Holm, H., Alarcón-Riquelme, M.E., Bernardo, D., Martínez-Bueno, M., Rello, S.R., Magi, R., Milani, L., Metspalu, A., Laisk, T., Läll, K., Lepamets, M., Esko, T., Reimann, E., Naaber, P., Laane, E., Pesukova, J., Peterson, P., Kisand, K., Tabri, J., Allos, R., Hensen, K., Starkopf, J., Ringmets, I., Tamm, A., Kallaste, A., Alavere, H., Metsalu, K., Puusepp, M., Kristiansson, K., Koskelainen, S., Perola, M., Donner, K., Kivinen, K., Palotie, A., Bochud, P.Y., Boillat, N., Nussle, S.G., Albrich, W., Pagani, J.L., Zu Bentrup, F.M., Viollet, R.M., Kampouri, E.E., Meuwly, J.Y., D'Acremont, V., Younes, S.E., Albrich, W.C., O'Mahony, L., Kleger, G.R., Kahlert, C.R., Negro, T.R., Carreras, A., Galván-Femenía, I., Farré, X., Cortés, B., Mercader, J.M., Guindo-Martinez, M., Torrents, D., Garcia-Aymerich, J., Castaño-Vinyals, G., Dobaño, C., Gori, M., Mondelli, M.U., Castelli, F., Vaghi, M., Rusconi, S., Montagnani, F., Bargagli, E., Franchi, F., Mazzei, M.A., Cantarini, L., Tacconi, D., Feri, M., Scala, R., Spargi, G., Nencioni, C., Bandini, M., Caldarelli, G.P., Spagnesi, M., Canaccini, A., Ognibene, A., D'Arminio Monforte, A., Girardis, M., Antinori, A., Francisci, D., Schiaroli, E., Scotton, P.G., Panese, S., Scaggiante, R., Monica, M.D., Capasso, M., Fiorentino, G., Castori, M., Aucella, F., Di Biagio, A., Masucci, L., Valente, S., Mandalà, M., Zucchi, P., Giannattasio, F., Coviello, D.A., Mussini, C., Bosio, G., Tavecchia, L., Crotti, L., Rizzi, M., La Rovere, 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Reid, K., Imeson-Wood, J., Bellini, A., Bryant, J., Pickard, A., Roe, N., Sowter, J., Howlett, A., Criste, K., Cusack, R., Golder, K., Golding, H., Jones, O., Leggett, S., Male, M., Marani, M., Prager, K., Williams, T., Roberts, B., Salmon, K., Gondo, P., Kayani, A., Masunda, B., Ahmed, A., Morris, A., Jakkula, S., Long, K., Whiteley, S., Wilby, E., Ogg, B., Moultrie, S., Bewley, J., Garland, Z., Grimmer, L., Gumbrill, B., Sweet, K., Webster, D., Efford, G., Bennett, S., Goodwin, E., Jackson, M., Kent, A., Tibke, C., Woodyatt, W., Zaki, A., Daniel, A., Finn, J., Bremmer, P., Houston, G., O'Brien, P., Bell, D., Boyle, R., Douglas, K., Glass, L., Lee, E., Lennon, L., Rattray, A., Charnock, R., McFarland, D., Cosgrove, D., Attwood, B., Parsons, P., Carmody, S., Oblak, M., Popescu, M., Thankachen, M., Baruah, R., Morris, S., Ferguson, S., Shepherd, A., Altabaibeh, A., Alvaro, A., Gilbert, K., Ma, L., Mostoles, L., Parmar, C., Jetha, C., Booker, L., Pratley, A., Cosier, T., Millen, G., Schumacher, N., Weston, H., Rand, J., Alex, B., Bach, B., Barclay, W.S., Bogaert, D., Chand, M., Cooke, G.S., Docherty, A.B., Dunning, J., da Silva Filipe, A., Fletcher, T., Green, C.A., Harrison, E.M., Hiscox, J.A., Ijaz, S., Khoo, S., Lim, W.S., Mentzer, A.J., Merson, L., Noursadeghi, M., Moore, S.C., Palmarini, M., Paxton, W.A., Pollakis, G., Price, N., Rambaut, A., Robertson, D.L., Sancho-Shimizu, V., Scott, J.T., de Silva, T., Sigfrid, L., Solomon, T., Sriskandan, S., Stuart, D., Tedder, R.S., Thomson, E.C., Roger Thompson, A.A., Thwaites, R.S., Turtle, LCW, Gupta, R.K., Palmieri, C., Swann, O.V., Zambon, M., Dumas, M.E., Griffin, J.L., Takats, Z., Chechi, K., Andrikopoulos, P., Osagie, A., Olanipekun, M., Liggi, S., Lewis, M.R., Correia, GDS, Sands, C.J., Takis, P., Maslen, L., Greenhalf, W., Shaw, V., McDonald, S.E., Ahmed, K.A., Armstrong, J.A., Ashworth, M., Asiimwe, I.G., Bakshi, S., Barlow, S.L., Booth, L., Brennan, B., Bullock, K., Catterall, BWA, Clark, J.J., Clarke, E.A., Cox, H., Dincarslan, O., Dunn, C., Dyer, P., Elliott, A., Evans, A., Finch, L., Fisher, LWS, Foster, T., Garcia-Dorival, I., Gunning, P., Hartley, C., Jensen, R.L., Jones, C.B., Jones, T.R., Khandaker, S., Kiy, R.T., Koukorava, C., Lake, A., Lant, S., Latawiec, D., Lavelle-Langham, L., Lefteri, D., Lett, L., Livoti, L.A., Mancini, M., McDonald, S., McEvoy, L., McLauchlan, J., Metelmann, S., Miah, N.S., Middleton, J., Mitchell, J., Murphy, E.G., Penrice-Randal, R., Pilgrim, J., Prince, T., Reynolds, W., Ridley, P.M., Sales, D., Shaw, V.E., Shears, R.K., Small, B., Subramaniam, K.S., Szemiel, A., Taggart, A., Tanianis-Hughes, J., Trochu, E., van Tonder, L., Wilcock, E., Zhang, J.E., Flaherty, L., Maziere, N., Cass, E., Carracedo, A.D., Carlucci, N., Holmes, A., Massey, H., Murphy, L., Wrobel, N., McCafferty, S., Morrice, K., MacLean, A., Armstrong, R., Boz, C., Coutts, A., Cullum, L., Day, N., Donnelly, L., Duncan, E., Fawkes, A., Finernan, P., Gilchrist, T., Golightly, A., Hafezi, K., Law, D., Law, R., Law, S., Macgillivray, L., Maclean, A., Mal, H., Mcmaster, E., Meikle, J., Oosthuyzen, W., Paterson, T., Stenhouse, A., Swets, M., Szoor-McElhinney, H., Taneski, F., Wackett, T., Ward, M., Weaver, J., Coyle, J., Gallagher, B., Lidstone-Scott, R., Hamilton, D., Schon, K., Furlong, A., Biggs, H., Griffiths, F., Andrews, E., Brickell, K., Smyth, M., Carson, G., Hardwick, H., Donohue, C., Neale, Benjamin M. [0000-0003-1513-6077], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL), Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS), AII - Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, Neurology, Infectious diseases, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Global Health, APH - Quality of Care, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Global Health, APH - Methodology, Graduate School, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, Anesthesiology, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, APH - Digital Health, APH - Personalized Medicine, ACS - Microcirculation, Niemi, M. E. K., Liao, R. G., Neale, B. M., Pathak, G. A., Andrews, S. J., Schulte, E. C., Karim, M. A., Wendt, F. R., Kim, H. -N., Uddin, M. J., Smith, G. D., Willer, C. J., Buxbaum, J. D., Martin, A. R., Balaconis, M. K., Sankaran, V. G., Brent Richards, J., Eric Kerchberger, V., Kenneth Baillie, J., Dutta, A. K., Uddin, M. M., Perez-Tur, J., Verdugo, R. A., Zarate, R., Medina-Gomez, C., Gomez-Cabrero, D., Cadilla, C. L., Boua, P. R., Fave, M. -J., Lemacon, A., Szentpeteri, J. L., Ahmad, H. F., Kornilov, S. A., Prokic, I., Pearson, N. M., Shelton, J. F., Shastri, A. J., Weldon, C. H., Brouwer, M. C., Vlaar, A. P. J., Joost Wiersinga, W., Algera, A. G., Bogaard, H. J., Bonta, P. I., Grobusch, M. P., Hermans, S. M., Hovius, J. W., de Jong, M. D., Nossent, E. J., Prins, J. M., Schultz, M. J., Stijnis, C. S., Minnaar, R. P., van Uffelen, K. W. J., Wolterman, R. A., Ball, C. A., Mccurdy, S., Hong, E. L., Baltzell, A. H., Goffard, J. -C., Peree, H., Leonard, P., Giot, J. -B., Sauvage, A. -S., Wery, M., Morrison, D. R., Chasse, M., Kaufmann, D. E., Mark Lathrop, G., Davis, L. K., Cox, N. J., Below, J. E., Sealock, J. M., Faucon, A. B., Shuey, M. M., Polikowsky, H. G., Petty, L. E., Shaw, D. M., Chen, H. -H., Ludwig, K. U., Schroder, J., Nothen, M. M., Jensen, B. -E. O., Altmuller, J., Berger, M. M., Gogele, M., Gignoux, C. R., Wicks, S. J., Barnes, K. C., Goldstein, D. B., Reilly, M. P., Gharavi, A. G., O'Byrne, S. M., So, Y. S., Park, S. -K., Kim, H. -L., Kang, C. K., Lee, H. -J., Song, K. -H., Yoon, K. J., Paik, N. -J., Joo, E. -J., Park, W. B., Park, J. S., Park, K. U., Ham, S. Y., Kim, E. S., Kim, H. B., Caceres, M., Lenz, T. L., Julia, A., Holter, J. C., Fernandez, J., Sander, L. E., Banales, J. M., Romero-Gomez, M., Hov, J. R., Karlsen, T. H., Wacker, E. M., Elabd, H., Ruhlemann, M. C., Vadla, M. S., Lenning, O. B., Ozer, O., Kassens, J., Figuera Basso, M. E., Ortiz, A. B., Chercoles, A. G., Holten, A. R., Kildal, A. B., Gluck, A., Nolla, A. C., Dyrhol-Riise, A. M., Spinner, C. D., Hoff, D. A. L., Jimenez, D., Pestana, D., Helbig, E. T., Paraboschi, E. M., Sanchez, F. G., Hernandez, I., Galvan-Femenia, I., Badia, J. R., Muller, K. E., Gaede, K. I., Lippert, L. J., Tellez, L., Gutierrez-Stampa, M. A., Vehreschild, M. J. G. T., Marquie, M., Seilmaier, M. J., Rodriguez-Gandia, M., Ayo, N. I., Martinez, N., Cornely, O. A., Rodrigues, P. M., Espana, P. P., Garcia-Fernandez, A. -E., Fracanzani, A. L., Muniz-Diaz, E., Calderon, E. J., Solligard, E., Medrano, F. J., Muller, F., Afset, J. E., Damas, J. K., Ferrusquia-Acosta, J., Quero, J. H., Guerrero, J. M., Bettini, L. R., Gustad, L. T., Valsecchi, M. G., D'Angio, M., Gallego-Duran, R., Cejudo, T. G., Grimsrud, M. M., Gudbjartsson, D. F., Moore, K. H. S., Alarcon-Riquelme, M. E., Martinez-Bueno, M., Rello, S. R., Lall, K., Bochud, P. -Y., Nussle, S. G., Meyer zu Bentrup, F., Merlet Viollet, R., Guery, B., Hugli, O., Gonseth Nussle, S., Estoppey Younes, S., Rochat Negro, T., Mercader, J. M., Castano-Vinyals, G., Dobano, C., Mondelli, M. U., Mazzei, M. A., Caldarelli, G. P., Monforte, A. D., Scotton, P. G., Monica, M. D., Mandala, M., Coviello, D. A., La Rovere, M. T., Segala, F. V., Mencarelli, M. A., Pinto, A. M., Carriero, M. L., Ann Belli, M., Antoni, M. D., Miraglia, F. G., Parisi, S. G., Squeo, G. M., Botta, G., Hunt, K. A., Trembath, R. C., Martin, H. C., Griffiths, C. J., Curtis, C. J., Huang, Q. Q., Lee, S. H., Macarthur, D., Maclaughlin, B., Smith, A. V., Boughton, A. P., Li, K. W., Lefaive, J., Jannes, C. E., Krieger, J. E., Pereira, A. C., Lima, I. R., Tada, M. T., Mccarthy, M., Lee, J. E., Lee, H. S., Jang, H. Y., Kim, Y. -S., Kwon, K. T., Kim, S. -W., Kim, J. Y., Jang, Y. R., Kim, H., Lee, J. Y., Choe, K. -W., Kang, Y. M., Jee, S. H., Jung, K. J., Schroth, G. P., Desouza, F., Cirulli, E. T., Schiabor Barrett, K. M., Washington, N. L., Lu, J. T., Ramirez, J. M., Grzymski, J. J., Minano, J. I. E., Aguirre, L. A., Lopez-Collazo, E., Lozano-Rodriguez, R., Avendano-Ortiz, J., Arcos, V. T., Montalban-Hernandez, K. M., Quiroga, J. V., Martin-Quiros, A., Nakada, T. -A., Vonk, J. M., Ori, A. P. S., Hernandez Cordero, A. I., Sin, D. D., Bosse, Y., Feng, Y. -C. A., Weiss, S. T., Karlson, E. W., Smoller, J. W., Murphy, S. N., Meigs, J. B., Woolley, A. E., Green, R. C., Perez, E. F., Zollner, S., Sloofman, L. G., Sebra, R. P., Collins, B. L., Sealfon, S. C., Jordan, D. M., Thompson, R. C., Belbin, G. M., Underwood, S. J., Hiester, L. L., Charney, A. W., Beckmann, N. D., Schadt, E. E., Abul-Husn, N. S., Cho, J. H., Kenny, E. E., Loos, R. J. F., Nadkarni, G. N., Huckins, L. M., Ferreira, M. A. R., Abecasis, G. R., Leader, J. B., Cantor, M. N., Justice, A. E., Carey, D. J., Josyula, N. S., Kosmicki, J. A., Horowitz, J. E., Gass, M. C., Hottenga, J. J., de Geus, E. J. C., Nivard, M. G., Ritchie, M. D., Verma, S. S., Vari, M. S., Rahier, J. -F., Bulik, C. M., Landen, M., Ferrero, G. B., Fundin, B., Ismail, S. I., Badji, R. M., Hultstrom, M., Geschwind, D. H., Butte, M. J., Chang, T. S., Caulfield, M. J., Scott, R. H., Odhams, C. A., Karczewski, K. J., Wilson, D. J., Spencer, C. A., Crook, D. W., Wyllie, D. H., O'Connell, A. M., Atkinson, E. G., Walters, R. K., Palmer, D. S., Goldstein, J. I., Kyle Satterstrom, F., Earle, S. G., Lin, S. -K., Rudkin, J. K., Zhao, J. H., Butterworth, A. S., Sun, Y. V., Huffman, J. E., O'Donnell, C. J., Michael Gaziano, J., Ho, Y. -L., Glessner, J. R., Mcguigan, P. J., Moore, L. S. P., Vizcaychipi, M. P., Page, V. J., Aldera, E. L., Cutino-Moguel, M. -T., Durand, I., Hawcutt, D. B., Macmahon, M., Macnaughton, E., Mccullough, K., Mcewen, R., O'Shea, M. K., Pooni, J. S., Wooton, D. G., Bretherick, A. D., Fourman, M. H., Meynert, A. M., Ponting, C. P., Porteous, D. J., Russell, C. D., Wilson, J. F., Drake, T. M., Fairfield, C. J., Knight, S. R., Mclean, K. A., Shaw, C. A., Ho, A. Y. W., Horby, P. W., Mcauley, D., Openshaw, P. J. M., Semple, M. G., Mcgowan, J., Mcguinness, H., Mcneela, F., Bayo, L. -A., Arias, S. S., Conyngham, J. -A., Corral, M. A., de Almeida Martins, L. G., Mclaughlan, D., Mcmorrow, L., Mccormick, J., Mitchell, A. M., Maccallum, N., Hughes, R. A., Jones, T. O., Mcphail, M., Mckenley, I., Sutherland, S. -B., de Gordoa, L. O. -R., Gude, E. T., Macgoey, P., Mckenna, E., Patel, B. V., Zborowski, A. C., Garcia, S. M., Howe, G. S., Heron, A. E., Mills, G. H., Brown, C. W., Akhtar, M. N., Delgado, C. C., Saluzzio, R. P., Da Gloria, E. F., Hurt, W. J., Wood, H. -L., Mcalindon, M., Mccurdy, A., Ali, I. A. M., Ally, S. M., Hamilton, D. O., Lopez Martinez, M., Waite, A. A. C., Welters, I. D., Rosa, A. D., Baikady, R. R., Tatham, K. C., Beith, C. M., Mcgregor, A., Mcivor, S., Allison, K. S., Jones, G. A. L., Mchugh, T., Peters, M. J., Tomas, A. L., Mckechnie, S., Mccormack, L., Michael, H. T., Durrans, L. J., Suarez, J. C., Death, Y., Mccormick, W., Mccreath, G., Rai, S. G., Mcculloch, C., Mcfarland, D., Barclay, W. S., Cooke, G. S., Docherty, A. B., Green, C. A., Harrison, E. M., Hiscox, J. A., Lim, W. S., Mentzer, A. J., Paxton, W. A., Robertson, D. L., Scott, J. T., Tedder, R. S., Thomson, E. C., Thwaites, R. S., Gupta, R. K., Swann, O. V., Dumas, M. -E., Griffin, J. L., Lewis, M. R., dos Santos Correia, G., Sands, C. J., Mcdonald, S. E., Ahmed, K. A., Armstrong, J. A., Asiimwe, I. G., Barlow, S. L., Catterall, B. W. A., Clark, J. J., Clarke, E. A., Fisher, L. W. S., Jensen, R. L., Jones, C. B., Jones, T. R., Kiy, R. T., Livoti, L. A., Mcdonald, S., Mcevoy, L., Mclauchlan, J., Miah, N. S., Moore, S. C., Murphy, E. G., Matthew Ridley, P., Shaw, V. E., Shears, R. K., Subramaniam, K. S., Eunice Zhang, J., Carracedo, A. D., Mccafferty, S., Turtle, L. C. W., Data Science Genetic Epidemiology Lab, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HUS Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District, University of Helsinki, Research Programs Unit, Doctoral Programme in Population Health, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and University of Zurich
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Male ,45/43 ,Autoimmunity ,Autoimmunity/genetics ,Body Mass Index ,COVID-19/genetics ,COVID-19/virology ,Critical Illness ,Female ,Genetic Loci/genetics ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Geographic Mapping ,Hospitalization ,Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics ,Humans ,Inflammation/complications ,Information Dissemination ,Multifactorial Inheritance ,Racial Groups/genetics ,SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ,Smoking ,environmental risk factors ,Q1 ,631/208 ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Genetics, Genome-wide association studies, SARS-CoV-2, Viral infection ,GWAS ,Aetiology ,Lung ,QC ,0303 health sciences ,HERITABILITY ,3. Good health ,covid-19 ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,Identification (biology) ,Infection ,Human ,631/208/205/2138 ,Settore BIO/11 - Biologia Molecolare ,03 medical and health sciences ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Clinical Research ,Biodefense ,Genetics ,GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION ,Medisinske Fag: 700::Basale medisinske, odontologiske og veterinærmedisinske fag: 710::Medisinsk genetikk: 714 [VDP] ,METAANALYSIS ,1000 Multidisciplinary ,[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics ,Science & Technology ,Prevention ,Racial Groups ,Pneumonia ,genetic architecture ,Human genetics ,Genetic Loci ,genetic factors ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Medizin ,Infektionsmedicin ,Genome-wide association studies ,Settore BIO/12 - BIOCHIMICA CLINICA E BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE CLINICA ,Pandemic ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,pandemi ,Multidisciplinary ,article ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,Racial Group ,10124 Institute of Molecular Life Sciences ,Host-Pathogen Interaction ,Multidisciplinary Sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Critical Illne ,COVID-19, GWAS, genetic factors, environmental risk factors, therapy ,Infectious Medicine ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI ,General Science & Technology ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Vaccine Related ,692/699/255/2514 ,Environmental risk ,Mendelian randomization ,COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative ,QH426 ,631/326/596/4130 ,030304 developmental biology ,Inflammation ,therapy ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Human Genome ,COVID-19 ,Genetic architecture ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Good Health and Well Being ,Viral infection ,3111 Biomedicine - Abstract
Niemi, Mari E. K. et al. 39 páginas, figuras y tablas. Contiene material suplementario., The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-191,2, host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases3-7. They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease.
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- 2021
20. Correction: Every Newborn-Reach Up Early Education Intervention for All Children (EN-REACH)- a parent group intervention for school readiness in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Tanzania: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
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Mohammad Abdul Awal Miah, Jaya Chandna, Rejina Gurung, Nahya Salim Masoud, Proma Paul, Shafqul Ameen, Omkar Basnet, Mustafa Miraji, Cally Tann, Ismat Ara Mili, A K M Tanvir Hossain, Atique Iqbal Chowdhury, Asraful Alam, Kate Mackinnon Milner, Shams El Arifeen, Ashish KC, Karim Manji, Paul Lynch, Joy E. Lawn, Jena Derakhshani Hamadani, and E. N.-REACH collaborative group
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Published
- 2024
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21. Identifying targetable metabolic dependencies across colorectal cancer progression
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Danny N. Legge, Tracey J. Collard, Ewelina Stanko, Ashley J. Hoskin, Amy K. Holt, Caroline J. Bull, Madhu Kollareddy, Jake Bellamy, Sarah Groves, Eric H. Ma, Emma Hazelwood, David Qualtrough, Borko Amulic, Karim Malik, Ann C. Williams, Nicholas Jones, and Emma E. Vincent
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Colorectal cancer ,Oncometabolism ,Asparagine ,Asparagine synthetase ,Adenoma ,Adenocarcinoma ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multi-stage process initiated through the formation of a benign adenoma, progressing to an invasive carcinoma and finally metastatic spread. Tumour cells must adapt their metabolism to support the energetic and biosynthetic demands associated with disease progression. As such, targeting cancer cell metabolism is a promising therapeutic avenue in CRC. However, to identify tractable nodes of metabolic vulnerability specific to CRC stage, we must understand how metabolism changes during CRC development. Here, we use a unique model system – comprising human early adenoma to late adenocarcinoma. We show that adenoma cells transition to elevated glycolysis at the early stages of tumour progression but maintain oxidative metabolism. Progressed adenocarcinoma cells rely more on glutamine-derived carbon to fuel the TCA cycle, whereas glycolysis and TCA cycle activity remain tightly coupled in early adenoma cells. Adenocarcinoma cells are more flexible with respect to fuel source, enabling them to proliferate in nutrient-poor environments. Despite this plasticity, we identify asparagine (ASN) synthesis as a node of metabolic vulnerability in late-stage adenocarcinoma cells. We show that loss of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) blocks their proliferation, whereas early adenoma cells are largely resistant to ASN deprivation. Mechanistically, we show that late-stage adenocarcinoma cells are dependent on ASNS to support mTORC1 signalling and maximal glycolytic and oxidative capacity. Resistance to ASNS loss in early adenoma cells is likely due to a feedback loop, absent in late-stage cells, allowing them to sense and regulate ASN levels and supplement ASN by autophagy. Together, our study defines metabolic changes during CRC development and highlights ASN synthesis as a targetable metabolic vulnerability in later stage disease.
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- 2024
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22. Markets Interaction: Food Market Interdefinition Agencing
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Karim Marini Thome and Giselle Cappellesso
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markets interaction ,fast food ,slow food ,market interdefinition agencing ,constructivist market studies ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 ,Accounting. Bookkeeping ,HF5601-5689 - Abstract
Objective: in order to collaborate with the ongoing research program on how markets intersect and overlap, this theoretical essay introduces the notion of market interdefinition agencing. Theoretical framework: the theoretical framework draws on previous constructivist market studies on the process of framing, overflowing, translation, and agencing in a market interaction context. Methods: to illustrate the market interdefinition agencing, this article uses a theoretical essay on slow and fast food markets. Results: this essay depicts how slow food can be seen as an overflow in opposition to fast food framing, agencing opposite sociotechnical elements for the construction of this new frame, and how slow food also contributes to a new fast food frame. Conclusion: first, this essay shows that both food markets entangle and disentangle sociotechnical elements that move away from or closer to each other, translating and agencing their sociotechnical arrangements. Second, market interdefinition agencing is delineated as a process of market interrelation that happens through the capacity of actors to shape markets, where a previous market is used as a reference to influence another market frame.
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- 2024
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23. Investigation of pyrethroid resistance mutations in Linognathus stenopsis lice collected from goats in western and northwestern Iran
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Khadijeh Seydi-Gazafi, Mousa Tavassoli, and Karim Mardani
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Linognathus stenopsis ,goat ,pyrethroid resistance ,Iran ,VGSC gene ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
IntroductionLinognathus stenopsis lice are an extensive parasitic concern in goat populations worldwide, posing significant economic and health risks. This study examined the identification of alleles of resistance to pyrethroid and mutations in L. stenopsis samples obtained from goats in five provinces in western and northwestern Iran.MethodsMorphological and molecular techniques were employed to identify the louse species. Molecular identification methods and gene sequencing were used to identify resistance-associated mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene.Results and discussionThe results revealed that six amino acid substitutions, including threonine-to-isoleucine (T917I), leucine-to-phenylalanine (L920F), isoleucine-to-phenylalanine (I927F), phenylalanine-to-alanine (F928A), valine-to-arginine (V929R), and arginine-to-leucine (R930L) mutations, were present in the VGSC gene of L. stenopsis lice from various regions of Iran. These findings suggest the potential for pyrethroid resistance development in this louse species, highlighting the importance of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Such strategies, which combine selective insecticides, regular grooming, and environmental sanitation, are crucial for effectively managing L. stenopsis infestations and preserving the efficacy of pyrethroids for pest control. Moreover, the emergence of novel kdr mutations underscores the need for ongoing research into the molecular mechanisms underlying these mutations. This research is vital for developing strategies to combat pyrethroid resistance and maintaining the efficacy of insecticides in controlling lice.
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- 2024
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24. Transcriptome analysis reveals molecular targets of erythrocyte invasion phenotype diversity in natural Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Cameroon
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Ines A. Ngoh, Karim Mane, Jarra Manneh, Fatoumata Bojang, Aminata S. Jawara, Theresia N. Akenji, Damian N. Anong, Umberto D’Alessandro, and Alfred Amambua-Ngwa
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Plasmodium falciparum ,transcriptome ,RBC invasion ,phenotype diversity ,malaria ,vaccine targets ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Further understanding of the molecular mediators of alternative RBC invasion phenotypes in endemic malaria parasites will support malaria blood-stage vaccine or drug development. This study investigated the prevalence of sialic acid (SA)-dependent and SA-independent RBC invasion pathways in endemic Plasmodium falciparum parasites from Cameroon and compared the schizont stage transcriptomes in these two groups to uncover the wider repertoire of transcriptional variation associated with the use of alternative RBC invasion pathway phenotypes. A two-color flow cytometry-based invasion-inhibition assay against RBCs treated with neuraminidase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin and deep RNA sequencing of schizont stages harvested in the first ex vivo replication cycle in culture were employed in this investigation. RBC invasion phenotypes were determined for 63 isolates from asymptomatic children with uncomplicated malaria. Approximately 80% of the isolates invaded neuraminidase-treated but not chymotrypsin-treated RBCs, representing SA-independent pathways of RBC invasion. The schizont transcriptome profiles of 16 isolates with invasion phenotypes revealed a total of 5,136 gene transcripts, with 85% of isolates predicted at schizont stages. Two distinct transcriptome profile clusters belonging to SA-dependent and SA-independent parasites were obtained by data reduction with principal component analysis. Differential analysis of gene expression between the two clusters implicated, in addition to the well-characterized adhesins, the upregulation of genes encoding proteins mediating merozoite organelle discharges as well as several conserved, virulent, merozoite-associated, and exported proteins. The latter majority have been shown to have structural and physiological relevance to RBC surface remodeling and immune evasion in malaria and thus have potential as anti-invasion targets.
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- 2024
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25. Clinical and nutritional correlates of bacterial diarrhoea aetiology in young children: a secondary cross-sectional analysis of the ABCD trial
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Jie Liu, Christopher R Sudfeld, Per Ashorn, Queen Dube, Tahmeed Ahmed, Pratibha Dhingra, Usha Dhingra, Arup Dutta, Sunil Sazawal, Karim Manji, Rodrick Kisenge, Mohamed Bakari, Christopher P Duggan, Rajiv Bahl, Naor Bar-Zeev, Ayesha De Costa, Nigel Cunliffe, Sadia Shakoor, Desiree Witte, Doreen Rwigi, Judd L Walson, Shahida Qureshi, Eric Houpt, James Platts-mills, Jonathon Simon, Chifundo Ndamala, Sarah Somji, Abraham Samma, Fadima Cheick Haidara, Karen Kotloff, Emily L Deichsel, Md Chisti, Benson Singa, Patricia Pavlinac, Samba Sow, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Farah Qamar, Muhammad Waliur Rahman, Irin Parvin, Md. Farhad Kabir, Anil Kumar Sharma, Vijay Kumar Jaiswal, Churchil Nyabinda, Christine McGrath, Maurine Anyango, Kevin Mwangi Kariuki, Stephanie N Tornberg-Belanger, Flanon Coulibaly, Jasnehta Permala-Booth, Dramane Malle, Latif Ndeketa, Rozina Thobani, Jan Mohammed, and Cecylia Msemwa
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Objective The objective was to assess the association between nutritional and clinical characteristics and quantitative PCR (qPCR)-diagnosis of bacterial diarrhoea in a multicentre cohort of children under 2 years of age with moderate to severe diarrhoea (MSD).Design A secondary cross-sectional analysis of baseline data collected from the AntiBiotics for Children with Diarrhoea trial (NCT03130114).Patients Children with MSD (defined as >3 loose stools within 24 hours and presenting with at least one of the following: some/severe dehydration, moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) or severe stunting) enrolled in the ABCD trial and collected stool sample.Study period June 2017–July 2019.Interventions None.Main outcome measures Likely bacterial aetiology of diarrhoea. Secondary outcomes included specific diarrhoea aetiology.Results A total of 6692 children with MSD had qPCR results available and 28% had likely bacterial diarrhoea aetiology. Compared with children with severe stunting, children with MAM (adjusted OR (aOR) (95% CI) 1.56 (1.18 to 2.08)), some/severe dehydration (aOR (95% CI) 1.66 (1.25 to 2.22)) or both (aOR (95% CI) 2.21 (1.61 to 3.06)), had higher odds of having likely bacterial diarrhoea aetiology. Similar trends were noted for stable toxin-enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli aetiology. Clinical correlates including fever and prolonged duration of diarrhoea were not associated with likely bacterial aetiology; children with more than six stools in the previous 24 hours had higher odds of likely bacterial diarrhoea (aOR (95% CI) 1.20 (1.05 to 1.36)) compared with those with fewer stools.Conclusion The presence of MAM, dehydration or high stool frequency may be helpful in identifying children with MSD who might benefit from antibiotics.
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- 2024
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26. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle incorporated PVDF-HFP based composite membrane for direct methanol fuel cells application
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Karim, MA, primary
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- 2021
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27. Risk factors for malunion of distal tibia fractures treated by intramedullary nailing
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Selim Daas, Mohamed Jlidi, Nahla Baghdadi, Walid Bouaicha, Karim Mallek, Mouldi Lamouchi, and Adel Khorbi
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Intramedullary nailing ,Malunion ,Risk factors ,Surgical complications ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
Abstract Background The treatment of distal tibia fractures (DTF) has historically been a difficult challenge for orthopedic surgeons because of the particular characteristics of this anatomical region. Intra medullary nailing (IMN) remains the best treatment option. However, achieving and maintaining perfect reduction and stable fixation with IMN can be technically challenging due to the large medullary cavity within a short distal fragment. The aim of our study is to determine the risk factors for malunion in DTF treated with IMN. Methods It is a retrospective study including DTF treated surgically by IMN in the Orthopedics and Trauma Department at a tertiary hospital over a period of 7 years. The quality of reduction was evaluated by radiological assessment of the antero-posterior (AP) and lateral views of the tibia and ankle at the last follow-up. Results Our series included 90 patients with an average age of 44.8 years. Sex-ratio was 2.6. Tobacco use was reported in 35.6% of the patients. Diabetes was present in 11.1% of the patients, and 12.2% of them had open fractures. According to the OTA/AO classification, the majority of injuries were classified as type A1 (76.7%). Fibula fractures were present in 86.7% of cases. The mean follow-up was 48 months. Malunion occurred in 13 cases. Based on the univariate analysis, smoking and dynamic fixation were significantly associated with malunion. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, dynamic fixation was found to be a significant factor that increased the risk of malunion by 7.5 times. Conclusion Neither patient demographics nor fracture characteristics were risk factors for malunion. Nevertheless, it should be noted that dynamic nailing must be avoided as it is associated with a higher risk of malunion. Furthermore, one to two medial to lateral distal locking screws provide sufficient stability without the need for additional fibular fixation. Trial registration Not applicable.
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- 2024
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28. In-silico study MM/GBSA binding free energy and molecular dynamics simulation of some designed remdesivir derivatives as the inhibitory potential of SARS-CoV-2 main protease
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Maryam Abbasi, Mahboubeh Mansourian, Afsaneh Arefi Oskouie, Salman Taheri, and Karim Mahnam
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3clpro ,main protease ,mm-gbsa ,molecular docking ,molecular dynamics simulation ,remdesivir. ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
Background and purpose: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is one ofthe greatest challenges ofthe twentieth century. Recently, in silico tools help to predict new inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, the new compounds based on the remdesivir structure (12 compounds) were designed. Experimental approach: The main interactions of remdesivir and designed compounds were investigated in the 3CLpro active site. The binding free energy of compounds by the MM-GBSA method was calculated and the best compound (compound 12 with the value of -88.173 kcal/mol) was introduced to the molecular dynamics simulation study. Findings/Results: The simulation results were compared with the results of protein simulation without the presence of an inhibitor and in the presence of remdesivir. Additionally, the RMSD results for the protein backbone showed that compound 12 in the second 50 nanoseconds has less fluctuation than the protein alone and in the presence of remdesivir, which indicates the stability of the compound in the active site of the Mpro protein. Furthermore, protein compactness was investigated in the absence of compounds and the presence of compound 12 and remdesivir. The Rg diagram shows a fluctuation of approximately 0.05 A, which indicates the compressibility of the protein in the presence and absence of compounds. The results of the RMSF plot also show the stability of essential amino acids during protein binding. Conclusion and implications: Supported by the theoretical results, compound 12 could have the potential to inhibit the 3CLpro enzyme, which requires further in vitro studies and enzyme inhibition must also be confirmed at protein levels.
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- 2024
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29. Protocol for metadata and image collection at diabetic foot ulcer clinics: enabling research in wound analytics and deep learning
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Reza Basiri, Karim Manji, Philip M. LeLievre, John Toole, Faith Kim, Shehroz S. Khan, and Milos R. Popovic
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Diabetic foot ulcer ,Deep learning ,RGB ,Depth ,Thermal ,Case report form ,Medical technology ,R855-855.5 - Abstract
Abstract Background The escalating impact of diabetes and its complications, including diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), presents global challenges in quality of life, economics, and resources, affecting around half a billion people. DFU healing is hindered by hyperglycemia-related issues and diverse diabetes-related physiological changes, necessitating ongoing personalized care. Artificial intelligence and clinical research strive to address these challenges by facilitating early detection and efficient treatments despite resource constraints. This study establishes a standardized framework for DFU data collection, introducing a dedicated case report form, a comprehensive dataset named Zivot with patient population clinical feature breakdowns and a baseline for DFU detection using this dataset and a UNet architecture. Results Following this protocol, we created the Zivot dataset consisting of 269 patients with active DFUs, and about 3700 RGB images and corresponding thermal and depth maps for the DFUs. The effectiveness of collecting a consistent and clean dataset was demonstrated using a bounding box prediction deep learning network that was constructed with EfficientNet as the feature extractor and UNet architecture. The network was trained on the Zivot dataset, and the evaluation metrics showed promising values of 0.79 and 0.86 for F1-score and mAP segmentation metrics. Conclusions This work and the Zivot database offer a foundation for further exploration of holistic and multimodal approaches to DFU research.
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- 2024
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30. Risk factors for moderate acute malnutrition among children with acute diarrhoea in India and Tanzania: a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial
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Rodrick Kisenge, Usha Dhingra, Chris A. Rees, Enju Liu, Arup Dutta, Deb Saikat, Pratibha Dhingra, Sarah Somji, Chris Sudfeld, Jon Simon, Per Ashorn, Sunil Sazawal, Christopher P. Duggan, and Karim Manji
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Moderate Acute Malnutrition ,Paediatric ,Zinc ,India ,Tanzania ,Acute diarrhoea ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Abstract Background Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) affects over 30 million children aged -3 or mid-upper arm circumference
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- 2024
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31. Männer- und Frauensprache in Online-Kundenrezensionen. Eine linguistische Analyse
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Rasha Abdou and Karim Mahmoud
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genderlinguistik ,kundenrezensionen ,männersprache ,frauensprache ,geschlecht ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Die Genderlinguistik steht im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit, d. h. die Unterschiede in der Geschlechtersprache sind von besonderem Interesse für die Genderlinguistik. Die Arbeit geht der Frage nach, inwieweit das Geschlecht eine Auswirkung auf die Formulierung von Kundenrezensionen hat. Online-Shopping ist heutzutage und vor allem wegen der Corona-Pandemie beliebter und sicherer als ein Einkaufsbummel. Demzufolge basiert die Arbeit auf eine linguistische Analyse der schriftlichen Online-Kundenrezensionen, die von Männern und Frauen formuliert wurden. Es handelt sich dabei um eine linguistische Analyse. Dabei werden die geschriebenen Rezensionen linguistisch untersucht und miteinander verglichen. Das Ziel der Analyse ist zu zeigen, in welchen Umfang sich die Männersprache von der Frauensprache in den Online-Kundenrezensionen unterscheidet bzw. inwieweit das Geschlecht einen Einfluss auf die äußere, formale und inhaltliche Gestaltung der Rezensionen hat. Um der Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage nachzugehen, wurde ein Korpus mit 100 Online-Kundenrezensionen auf Amazon.de erstellt, die von Männern und Frauen geschrieben und veröffentlicht wurden.
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- 2023
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32. Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula: two case reports
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Naomi A. Mwamanenge, Haika K. Mariki, Lucy L. Mpayo, Ernestina E. Mwipopo, Fatima Mussa, Masawa K. Nyamuryekung’e, Yahaya Binde, Said Kiangi, Zaituni Bokhary, Martha Mkony, Yaser Abdallah, and Karim Manji
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Esophageal atresia ,Tracheoesophageal fistula ,Pneumothorax ,Anastomosis leak ,Sepsis ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background The incidence of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula is 1 out of 3000–5000 live births. Its incidence in lower middle income countries is not known. The infants usually present with excessive secretions or choking while feeding and are at risk for aspiration. The outcome of these infants in lower middle income countries is not encouraging due to delays in referral, sepsis at presentation requiring preoperative stabilization, postoperative complications such as anastomosis leaks, pneumonia, and pneumothorax. Case presentation We present two African babies who were term infants at age 2 days (male) and 5 days (female) with diagnosis of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. The 5-day-old infant required preoperative stabilization due to sepsis and delayed surgery with a poor postoperative outcome. The 2-day-old infant was preoperatively stable and had a good postoperative outcome. The challenges faced in management of these two cases have been highlighted. Conclusion Outcome of infants with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula in lower middle income countries is not encouraging due to delays in referral and poor postoperative healing attributed to sepsis and recurrent pneumothorax. Timely referral, preoperative condition of the infant, and timely management has shown to be a contributory factor for an improved outcome.
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- 2023
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33. Evaluation of augmentative biological control options against fruit and shoot borer, Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in guava in India
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Sandeep Singh, Vikramjeet Singh, P. S. Shera, Masrat Siraj, Rajwinder Kaur Sandhu, and Karim Maredia
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Guava ,Borer ,Biocontrol ,Trichogramma chilonis ,Chelonus blackburni ,Agriculture - Abstract
Abstract Background Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) has emerged as one of the important pests of guava in Punjab, India. Chemical insecticides have been used for its management, which could have serious implications on environmental and human health. As an alternative to chemical insecticides, biocontrol is the most appropriate alternative for its eco-friendly management. Two field experiments were therefore, conducted to evaluate efficacy of two biocontrol agents, Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) (egg parasitoid) and Chelonus blackburni Cameroon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (egg-larval parasitoid) against the borer during rainy season, 2020 and winter season, 2020–21. Results Four releases of both parasitoids at various dosages were carried out at weekly intervals starting from first week of July in rainy season and first week of October in winter season. Trichogramma chilonis @ 2000 parasitized eggs per tree was the best in reducing the fruit damage and increasing yield and net income over check in both rainy as well as winter season crops. There was 73.6% reduction in damage over control, 1.70 Metric tons (MT) increase in yield over control and 258.36 US $ per acre increase in net income over control in rainy season crop. During winter season, there was 62.5% reduction in damage, 1.98 MT increase in yield and 488.23 US $ per acre increase in net income over control. Conclusion Four augmentative releases of T. chilonis @ 2000 parasitized eggs per tree successfully controlled the fruit and shoot borer incidence in guava during rainy and winter season.
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- 2023
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34. Sustainable access of quality seeds of genetically engineered crops in Eastern Africa - Case study of Bt Cotton
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Endale Gebre Kedisso, Joseph Guenthner, Karim Maredia, Tahani Elagib, Bernard Oloo, and Samson Assefa
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Biotechnology ,Cotton ,Eastern Africa ,Ethiopia ,Genetic engineering ,Gmos ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
ABSTRACTThe genetically engineered bollworm-resistant Bt cotton hybrid varieties offer opportunities for reducing crop losses and enhancing productivity. In Eastern Africa region, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Kenya have approved and released Bt cotton in 2012, in 2018, and in 2019, respectively. The region has potential to grow cotton in over 5 million hectares. For commercial plantings in Ethiopia, Sudan and Kenya, hybrid Bt cotton seeds have been imported from India. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic-induced supply chain disruptions, high shipment costs, bureaucratic procedures for importing seeds, and foreign exchange shortages, farmers have not been able to access Bt cotton seeds. Stakeholders are seeking local production of seeds to provide sustainable access by farmers at affordable cost. Country case studies reveal the importance of enhancing capacity for local seed production and extension advisory services. Revival of the cotton sector needs enhanced public-private partnerships to pave the way for sustainable seeds access in the region.
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- 2023
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35. Facilitators, barriers, and key influencers of breastfeeding among low birthweight infants: a qualitative study in India, Malawi, and Tanzania
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Linda Vesel, Emily Benotti, Sarah Somji, Roopa M Bellad, Umesh Charantimath, Sangappa M Dhaded, Shivaprasad S Goudar, Chandrashekhar Karadiguddi, Geetanjali Mungarwadi, Sunil S Vernekar, Rodrick Kisenge, Karim Manji, Nahya Salim, Abraham Samma, Christopher R Sudfeld, Irving F Hoffman, Tisungane Mvalo, Melda Phiri, Friday Saidi, Jennifer Tseka, Mercy Tsidya, Bethany A Caruso, Christopher P Duggan, Kiersten Israel-Ballard, Anne CC Lee, Kimberly L Mansen, Stephanie L Martin, Krysten North, Melissa F Young, Eliza Fishman, Katelyn Fleming, Katherine EA Semrau, Lauren Spigel, Danielle E Tuller, and Natalie Henrich
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Low birthweight ,Breastfeeding ,Infant feeding ,Facilitators ,Barriers ,Qualitative ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Low birthweight (LBW) infants are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Exclusive breastfeeding up to six months is recommended to help them thrive through infection prevention, growth improvements, and enhancements in neurodevelopment. However, limited data exist on the feeding experiences of LBW infants, their caregivers and key community influencers. The qualitative component of the Low Birthweight Infant Feeding Exploration (LIFE) study aimed to understand practices, facilitators, and barriers to optimal feeding options in the first six months for LBW infants in low-resource settings. Methods This study was conducted in four sites in India, Malawi, and Tanzania from July 2019 to August 2020. We conducted 37 focus group discussions with mothers and family members of LBW infants and community leaders and 142 in-depth interviews with healthcare providers, government officials, and supply chain and donor human milk (DHM) experts. Data were analyzed using a framework approach. Results All participants believed that mother’s own milk was best for LBW infants. Direct breastfeeding was predominant and feeding expressed breast milk and infant formula were rare. DHM was a new concept for most. Adequate maternal nutrition, lactation support, and privacy in the facility aided breastfeeding and expression, but perceived insufficient milk, limited feeding counseling, and infant immaturity were common barriers. Most believed that DHM uptake could be enabled through community awareness by overcoming misconceptions, safety concerns, and perceived family resistance. Conclusion This study fills an evidence gap in LBW infant feeding practices and their facilitators and barriers in resource-limited settings. LBW infants face unique feeding challenges such as poor latching and tiring at the breast. Similarly, their mothers are faced with numerous difficulties, including attainment of adequate milk supply, breast pain and emotional stress. Lactation support and feeding counseling could address obstacles faced by mothers and infants by providing psychosocial, verbal and physical support to empower mothers with skills, knowledge and confidence and facilitate earlier, more and better breast milk feeding. Findings on DHM are critical to the future development of human milk banks and highlight the need to solicit partnership from stakeholders in the community and health system.
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- 2023
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36. Characterization of Sodium Channel Mutations in the Dengue Vector MosquitoesAedesaegyptiandAedesalbopictuswithin the Context of OngoingWolbachiaReleases in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ahmad, NA, Endersby-Harshman, NM, Mohd Mazni, NR, Mohd Zabari, NZA, Amran, SNS, Ridhuan Ghazali, MK, Abdul Karim, MA, Cheong, YL, Sinkins, SP, Ahmad, NW, Hoffmann, AA, Ahmad, NA, Endersby-Harshman, NM, Mohd Mazni, NR, Mohd Zabari, NZA, Amran, SNS, Ridhuan Ghazali, MK, Abdul Karim, MA, Cheong, YL, Sinkins, SP, Ahmad, NW, and Hoffmann, AA
- Abstract
Specific sodium channel gene mutations confer target site resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in mosquitoes and other insects. In Aedes mosquito species, multiple mutations that contribute to resistance vary in their importance around the world. Here, we characterize voltage sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) mutations in populations of Aedesaegypti from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and look at their persistence in populations affected by ongoing Wolbachia releases (a dengue control measure). We also describe a Vssc mutation in Aedesalbopictus (F1534L) found for the first time in Malaysia. We show that there are three predominant Vssc haplotypes in Aedesaegypti in this region, which all persist with regular backcrossing, thereby maintaining the original genetic composition of the populations. We identify changes in genotype frequency in closed populations of Ae. aegypti maintained for multiple generations in laboratory culture, suggesting different fitness costs associated with the genotypes, some of which may be associated with the sex of the mosquito. Following population replacement of Ae. aegypti by Wolbachia in the target area, however, we find that the Vssc mutations have persisted at pre-release levels. Mosquitoes in two genotype classes demonstrate a type I pyrethroid resistance advantage over wildtype mosquitoes when exposed to 0.25% permethrin. This resistance advantage is even more pronounced with a type II pyrethroid, deltamethrin (0.03%). The results point to the importance of these mutations in pyrethroid resistance in mosquito populations and the need for regular backcrossing with male mosquitoes from the field to maintain similarity of genetic background and population integrity during Wolbachia releases.
- Published
- 2020
37. Comparative analysis of human, rodent and snake deltavirus replication.
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Pierre Khalfi, Zoé Denis, Joe McKellar, Giovanni Merolla, Carine Chavey, José Ursic-Bedoya, Lena Soppa, Leonora Szirovicza, Udo Hetzel, Jeremy Dufourt, Cedric Leyrat, Nora Goldmann, Kaku Goto, Eloi Verrier, Thomas F Baumert, Dieter Glebe, Valérie Courgnaud, Damien Gregoire, Jussi Hepojoki, and Karim Majzoub
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The recent discovery of Hepatitis D (HDV)-like viruses across a wide range of taxa led to the establishment of the Kolmioviridae family. Recent studies suggest that kolmiovirids can be satellites of viruses other than Hepatitis B virus (HBV), challenging the strict HBV/HDV-association dogma. Studying whether kolmiovirids are able to replicate in any animal cell they enter is essential to assess their zoonotic potential. Here, we compared replication of three kolmiovirids: HDV, rodent (RDeV) and snake (SDeV) deltavirus in vitro and in vivo. We show that SDeV has the narrowest and RDeV the broadest host cell range. High resolution imaging of cells persistently replicating these viruses revealed nuclear viral hubs with a peculiar RNA-protein organization. Finally, in vivo hydrodynamic delivery of viral replicons showed that both HDV and RDeV, but not SDeV, efficiently replicate in mouse liver, forming massive nuclear viral hubs. Our comparative analysis lays the foundation for the discovery of specific host factors controlling Kolmioviridae host-shifting.
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- 2024
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38. A Modified Dynamic Fixation Technique for Acute Syndesmotic Injuries
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Walid Bouaicha MD, Mohamed Jlidi MD, Siwar Sbaihi MD, Mohamed Hedi Gharbi MD, Karim Mallek MD, Salma Jaziri MD, and Selim Daas MD
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Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Published
- 2024
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39. A rare concomitant ipsilateral hip and knee dislocations: A case report and review of the literature
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Mohamed Jlidi, Walid Bouaicha, Karim Mallek, Mohamed Hedi Gharbi, Salma Jaziri, and Selim Daas
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Ipsilateral hip and knee dislocation is a rare and complex injury that usually results from high-energy trauma. Only 14 cases were reported in the literature so far. We report the case of a 35-year-old man who presented with an ipsilateral right hip and knee dislocation after being involved in a road traffic accident. A contralateral floating knee was associated. The hip dislocation was associated to a posterior wall fracture of the acetabulum and a femoral head fracture. The knee dislocation was compound and associated with a patella fracture. The hip dislocation was reduced. The posterior wall and the femoral head fractures were treated conservatively. The knee dislocation was reduced and stabilized by external fixator. Early postoperative infection occurred and was treated surgically. At the last follow-up, the knee was ankylosed at 5° of flexion with a bony bridge between the femoral condyle and the tibial plateau. The patient described an occasional hip pain on exertion. He had full range of motion of the right hip. No avascular necrosis of the femoral head was seen. Outcomes of simultaneous hip and knee dislocation are very variable and remain unpredictable. The timing of reducing the hip joint and the knee.
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- 2024
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40. Enhancement of soil engineering properties with sewage sludge ash
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Karim, MA, primary, Hassan, Ahmed Sami, additional, and Hawa, Ammar, additional
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- 2020
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41. Amelioration of Salinity Tolerance in Foxtail Millet by Applying Plant Growth Regulators
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Biswas, D, primary, Mannan, MA, primary, Karim, MA, primary, and Miah, MY, primary
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- 2020
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42. A transgenic mice model of retinopathy of cblG-type inherited disorder of one-carbon metabolism highlights epigenome-wide alterations related to cone photoreceptor cells development and retinal metabolism
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Karim Matmat, Jean-Baptiste Conart, Paul-Henri Graindorge, Sandra El Kouche, Ziad Hassan, Youssef Siblini, Rémy Umoret, Ramia Safar, Okan Baspinar, Aurélie Robert, Jean-Marc Alberto, Abderrahim Oussalah, David Coelho, Jean-Louis Guéant, and Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez
- Subjects
Methionine synthase ,DNA methylation ,Epigenetics ,Retina ,Retinoid metabolism ,Vitamin B12 ,Medicine ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background MTR gene encodes the cytoplasmic enzyme methionine synthase, which plays a pivotal role in the methionine cycle of one-carbon metabolism. This cycle holds a significant importance in generating S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), the respective universal methyl donor and end-product of epigenetic transmethylation reactions. cblG type of inherited disorders of vitamin B12 metabolism due to mutations in MTR gene exhibits a wide spectrum of symptoms, including a retinopathy unresponsive to conventional therapies. Methods To unveil the underlying epigenetic pathological mechanisms, we conducted a comprehensive study of epigenomic-wide alterations of DNA methylation by NGS of bisulfited retinal DNA in an original murine model with conditional Mtr deletion in retinal tissue. Our focus was on postnatal day 21, a critical developmental juncture for ocular structure refinement and functional maturation. Results We observed delayed eye opening and impaired visual acuity and alterations in the one-carbon metabolomic profile, with a notable dramatic decline in SAM/SAH ratio predicted to impair DNA methylation. This metabolic disruption led to epigenome-wide changes in genes involved in eye development, synaptic plasticity, and retinoid metabolism, including promoter hypermethylation of Rarα, a regulator of Lrat expression. Consistently, we observed a decline in cone photoreceptor cells and reduced expression of Lrat, Rpe65, and Rdh5, three pivotal genes of eye retinoid metabolism. Conclusion We introduced an original in vivo model for studying cblG retinopathy, which highlighted the pivotal role of altered DNA methylation in eye development, cone differentiation, and retinoid metabolism. This model can be used for preclinical studies of novel therapeutic targets.
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- 2023
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43. Correction: A transgenic mice model of retinopathy of cblG‑type inherited disorder of one‑carbon metabolism highlights epigenome‑wide alterations related to cone photoreceptor cells development and retinal metabolism
- Author
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Karim Matmat, Jean-Baptiste Conart, Paul-Henri Graindorge, Sandra El Kouche, Ziad Hassan, Youssef Siblini, Rémy Umoret, Ramia Safar, Okan Baspinar, Aurélie Robert, Jean-Marc Alberto, Abderrahim Oussalah, Sébastien Hergalant, David Coelho, Jean-Louis Guéant, and Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez
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Medicine ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Published
- 2024
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44. Late diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a case report
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Naomi A. Mwamanenge, Fatima Mussa, Masawa K. Nyamuryekung’e, Martha Mkony, Yaser Abdallah, and Karim Manji
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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia ,Pneumonia ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Congenital diaphragmatic hernia beyond the neonatal period is not uncommon. Its diagnosis in infancy and early childhood poses a challenge owing to different clinical presentation ranging from gastrointestinal to respiratory symptoms. These neonates are usually misdiagnosed as having pneumonia until radiological imaging picks up the defect during routine scan for worsening respiratory symptoms. In high-income countries, the survival rate for these patients has been reported to be high, while in Sub-Saharan Africa the survival rate is still low due to delayed diagnosis, delayed referral, and hence delayed management. Case report We present an African male baby from non-consanguineous parents, 6 weeks old, diagnosed with congenital diaphragmatic hernia at 6 weeks of age after failure to respond to antibiotics for suspected pneumonia. Despite attempts at management, he died at 5 weeks post surgery. Conclusion Our case emphasizes the importance of early clinical suspicion and early detection for a differential diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in infants who present with respiratory symptoms not responding to antibiotics or recurrent pneumonia, and improving the availability of imaging in primary care facilities to diagnose such defects early and manage them accordingly.
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- 2023
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45. Die Förderung von Sprachbewusstheit bei Grammatikvermittlung in Ägypten. Eine Lehrwerkanalyse
- Author
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Karim Mahmoud
- Subjects
lehrwerkanalyse ,grammatikvermittlung ,sprachbewusstheit ,deutsch als fremdsprache ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Der folgende Beitrag beschäftigt sich vor allem mit der Grammatikvermittlung in den in Ägypten eingesetzten Lehrwerken. Im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung steht die Förderung der Sprachbewusstheit. Insofern geht die vorgestellte Arbeit der Frage nach, wie die Grammatik in den ausgewählten Lehrwerken dargestellt und die Sprachbewusstheit gefördert wird. Für die Analyse wurden die Lehrwerke Schritte international (Schulbuchausgabe für Ägypten) und Menschen von Hueber Verlag ausgewählt. Das Lehrwerk Schritte international (Schulbuchausgabe für Ägypten) wurde ab dem Schuljahr 2014/15 vom ägyptischen Ministerium für Erziehung und Bildung in Sekundarschulen eingeführt. Das Lehrwerk Menschen wird nicht nur an Sprachzentren wie Goethe-Institut Ägypten, sondern auch an vielen ägyptischen Universitäten für Fach Deutsch als Fremdsprache eingesetzt. Als wichtige Inputquelle spielt das Lehrwerk eine wesentliche Rolle im Fremdsprachenunterricht. Insofern ist es wichtig, ein passendes Lehrwerk auszuwählen und die eingesetzten Lehrwerke zu beurteilen.Zunächst wird ein Überblick über Lehrwerkanalyse und Situation des Faches Deutsch als Fremdsprache in Ägypten gegeben. Dabei werden einige Begriffe wie Lehrwerk, Lehrbuch, Lehrwerkanalyse, Lehrwerkforschung und Lehrwerkkritik definiert. Im Anschluss daran geht es um Methoden der Lehrwerkanalyse. Der zweite Teil widmet der Lehrwerkanalyse. Die Analyse erfolgt anhand von erkenntnisleitenden Fragen, die zwecks der Analyse formuliert werden. Von besonderem Interesse für die Analyse ist Rod Ellis Modell für die Entwicklung von Sprachbewusstheit . Es geht dabei um eine "Schreibtischevaluation", d. h. die Umsetzung im Unterricht wird nicht berücksichtigt. Um die Analyse möglichst systematisch und reliabel machen zu können, werden die gleichen Fragen an den beiden Lehrwerken gestellt.
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- 2023
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46. Improving birth weight measurement and recording practices in Kenya and Tanzania: a prospective intervention study with historical controls
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Alloys K’Oloo, Evance Godfrey, Annariina M. Koivu, Hellen C. Barsosio, Karim Manji, Veneranda Ndesangia, Fredrick Omiti, Mohamed Bakari Khery, Everlyne D. Ondieki, Simon Kariuki, Feiko O. ter Kuile, R. Matthew Chico, Nigel Klein, Otto Heimonen, Per Ashorn, Ulla Ashorn, and Pieta Näsänen-Gilmore
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Low birth weight (LBW) ,Measurement ,Accuracy ,Digital scales ,Data quality ,Low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant public health concern given its association with early-life mortality and other adverse health consequences that can impact the entire life cycle. In many countries, accurate estimates of LBW prevalence are lacking due to inaccuracies in collection and gaps in available data. Our study aimed to determine LBW prevalence among facility-born infants in selected areas of Kenya and Tanzania and to assess whether the introduction of an intervention to improve the accuracy of birth weight measurement would result in a meaningfully different estimate of LBW prevalence than current practice. Methods We carried out a historically controlled intervention study in 22 health facilities in Kenya and three health facilities in Tanzania. The intervention included: provision of high-quality digital scales, training of nursing staff on accurate birth weight measurement, recording and scale calibration practices, and quality maintenance support that consisted of enhanced supervision and feedback (prospective arm). The historically controlled data were birth weights from the same facilities recorded in maternity registers for the same calendar months from the previous year measured using routine practices and manual scales. We calculated mean birth weight (95% confidence interval CI), mean difference in LBW prevalence, and respective risk ratio (95% CI) between study arms. Results Between October 2019 and February 2020, we prospectively collected birth weights from 8441 newborns in Kenya and 4294 in Tanzania. Historical data were available from 9318 newborns in Kenya and 12,007 in Tanzania. In the prospective sample, the prevalence of LBW was 12.6% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 10.9%–14.4%) in Kenya and 18.2% (12.2%–24.2%) in Tanzania. In the historical sample, the corresponding prevalence estimates were 7.8% (6.5%–9.2%) and 10.0% (8.6%–11.4%). Compared to the retrospective sample, the LBW prevalence in the prospective sample was 4.8% points (3.2%–6.4%) higher in Kenya and 8.2% points (2.3%–14.0%) higher in Tanzania, corresponding to a risk ratio of 1.61 (1.38–1.88) in Kenya and 1.81 (1.30–2.52) in Tanzania. Conclusion Routine birth weight records underestimate the risk of LBW among facility-born infants in Kenya and Tanzania. The quality of birth weight data can be improved by a simple intervention consisting of provision of digital scales and supportive training.
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- 2023
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47. CPAP failure in the management of preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome where surfactant is scarce. A prospective observational study
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Yaser Abdallah, Martha Mkony, Mariam Noorani, Robert Moshiro, Mohamed Bakari, and Karim Manji
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CPAP failure ,Preterm Neonates ,Outcomes ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Abstract Background The mainstay in the management of preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) include early Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), timely surfactant replacement and mechanical ventilation. Preterm neonates with RDS who fail CPAP are at higher risk for chronic lung disease as well as death. Unfortunately, in low resource settings CPAP may be the only treatment available for these neonates. Objective To determine the prevalence of CPAP failure among premature newborns with RDS and associated factors. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study over the first 72 h of life on 174 preterm newborns with RDS receiving CPAP at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). At MNH newborns with Silverman Andersen Score (SAS) of ≥ 3 are commenced on CPAP; surfactant and mechanical ventilation are very scarce. Study newborns not maintaining oxygen saturation > 90% or with SAS score ≥ 6 despite being on 50% oxygen and PEEP of 6 cmH2O and those with > 2 episodes of apnoea needing stimulation or positive pressure ventilation in 24 h were considered as CPAP failure. The prevalence of CPAP failure was determined as a percentage and factors associated were determined by logistic regression. A p-value of
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- 2023
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48. Surgical management of tibia refracture with a bent intramedullary nail: A case report and review of the literature
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Walid Bouaicha, Mohamed Jlidi, Amine Sioud, Karim Mallek, Saffet Nouicer, Salma Jaziri, Abdennadher Achref, and Selim Daas
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Intramedullary nailing is the gold standard for long bone fractures in the lower limbs. Fractures of the tibia with bending of the intramedullary nail is a very uncommon complication. Removing a bent nail is an unpredictable and challenging procedure for any trauma surgeon. We report the case of a 34-year-old man presenting a refractured tibia with a bent intramedullary nail following a motor vehicle accident. We describe the management of this patient as well as a substantial review of the literature to depict the peculiarities of this entity compared to its more commonly reported femoral counterpart. When approaching a deformed tibia nail, standard extraction techniques should be attempted and are more likely to be successful than in deformed femoral nails.
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- 2024
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49. Multiomic analysis in fibroblasts of patients with inborn errors of cobalmin metabolism reveals concordance with clinical and metabolic variabilityResearch in context
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Arnaud Wiedemann, Abderrahim Oussalah, Rosa-Maria Guéant Rodriguez, Elise Jeannesson, Marc Mertens, Irina Rotaru, Jean-Marc Alberto, Okan Baspinar, Charif Rashka, Ziad Hassan, Youssef Siblini, Karim Matmat, Manon Jeandel, Celine Chery, Aurélie Robert, Guillaume Chevreux, Laurent Lignières, Jean-Michel Camadro, François Feillet, David Coelho, and Jean-Louis Guéant
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Inborn errors of metabolism ,Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase ,Methionine synthase ,MMACHC ,Vitamin B12 deficiency ,One-carbon metabolism ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Summary: Background: The high variability in clinical and metabolic presentations of inborn errors of cobalamin (cbl) metabolism (IECM), such as the cblC/epicblC types with combined deficits in methylmalonyl-coA mutase (MUT) and methionine synthase (MS), are not well understood. They could be explained by the impaired expression/activity of enzymes from other metabolic pathways. Methods: We performed metabolomic, genomic, proteomic, and post-translational modification (PTM) analyses in fibroblasts from three cblC cases and one epi-cblC case compared with three cblG cases with specific MS deficits and control fibroblasts. Findings: CblC patients had metabolic profilings consistent with altered urea cycle, glycine, and energy mitochondrial metabolism. Metabolomic analysis showed partial disruption and increased glutamate/ketoglutarate anaplerotic pathway of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), in patient fibroblasts. RNA-seq analysis showed decreased expression of MT-TT (mitochondrial tRNA threonine), MT-TP (mitochondrial tRNA proline), OXCT1 (succinyl CoA:3-oxoacid CoA transferase deficiency), and MT-CO1 (cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1). Proteomic changes were observed for key mitochondrial enzymes, including NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A8 (NDUFA8), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2), and ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase, complex III subunit X (UQCR10). Propionaldehyde addition in ornithine aminotransferase was the predominant PTM in cblC cells and could be related with the dramatic cellular increase in propionate and methylglyoxalate. It is consistent with the decreased concentration of ornithine reported in 3 cblC cases. Whether the changes detected after multi-omic analyses underlies clinical features in cblC and cblG types of IECM, such as peripheral and central neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension, development delay, remains to be investigated. Interpretation: The omics-related effects of IECM on other enzymes and metabolic pathways are consistent with the diversity and variability of their age-related metabolic and clinical manifestations. PTMs are expected to produce cumulative effects, which could explain the influence of age on neurological manifestations. Funding: French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Projects PREDICTS and EpiGONE) and Inserm.
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- 2024
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50. The reamer won't come out! An unusual complication of intramedullary nailing of femur fracture
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Mohamed Jlidi, Walid Bouaicha, Chamekh Mohssen, Karim Mallek, and Selim Daas
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Intramedullary nailing ,Incarceration ,Complication ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Introduction: Intramedullary nailing has become the gold standard in surgical treatment for long bones shaft fractures. Even in expert hands, many intraoperative complications may occur. Clinical case: We report an unusual complication of trapped bone fragments between the reamer and the cortex during intramedullary nailing of a simple femur shaft fracture. All Attempts to withdraw the reamer were unsuccessful. The fragment had to be removed through an open incision.This complication was probably caused by a migrated chip of cortical bone fragment from the inner cortex which caused incarceration of the reamer. Conclusion: If a loose intramedullary fragment is noted during reaming or nailing, it must absolutely not be ignored.
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- 2023
- Full Text
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