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Purpose: Zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NPs) production has become more common because of the benefits of the green strategy, which include its ease of use, environmental friendliness, and cheap operating costs. In order to accomplish the goal of green chemistry, the green synthesis process also uses safe solvents like water and ethanol. ZnO NPs are among the metal oxide-NPs used in antibacterial and bioremediation applications. Materials and Methods: Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to analyze the green-produced ZnO.NPs. Results: ZnO nanoparticles have an average size of 22.89 nm, which is corroborated by FESEM pictures, indicating that the particles are tiny. The excellent purity of ZnO-NPs has been confirmed by EDX data. The antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs was assessed against a few dangerous pathogens. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were shown to have an interesting antibacterial action against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria at micromolar concentrations because they exhibit the maximum diameter of inhibition zone at concentrations 100 mg/ml of S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumonia, Acintobacret spp, S. fecalis reaching (27,19,18,17, and 14) mm, respectively while S. pneumonia were resistant.The ZnO NPs recorded at a concentration of 12.5 mg/ml lowest areas of the inhibition zone against the same isolates reaching (16, 11, 11, 12, and 10) mm while S. pneumonia were resistant, respectively, as well. Conclusion: ZnO-NPs, since they have excellent antibacterial properties, and are biocompatible, they will open up a new line of inquiry for antibacterial agent research because they are stable, nontoxic, and harmless.

Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume is an evergreen tropical tree belonging to the Lauraceae family; it is a useful plant in traditional and modern medicines. Essential oils of Cinnamomum zeylanicum were prepared and identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For histological study 80 adult male rats were employed in this study. It is the same weight (30 ±5 gm) and 75 days in age. The animals were divided into 4 groups, with ten rats in each group. The results indicated that C. zeylanicum bark contained 27 different phytochemical components. The main components included Cinnamaldehyde (2-Propenal, 3-phenyl-) (46.46%), 9-Methoxybicyclo, [6.1.0] nona-2,4,6-triene (31.31%), alpha-, Muurolene (7.14%) and Copaene (1.63%). Sections of livers were examined for histological abnormalities, such as the breakdown of the liver architecture and increased inflammation, in comparison to control samples, some hepatocytes were swollen with pyknotic, large nuclei and dilated sinusoids. As well as in the rats treated with noticed sever congestion of central vein (CV), degeneration and sluggish of endothelial lining larger, Bile ducts hyperplasia and necrotic hepatocytes. It can be deduced that the main component of cinnamon bark oil is cinnamaldehyde and the liver displayed some tissue changes, including hepatocyte necrosis and the existence of steatosis foci. Histological and cellular changes in liver tissue were dramatically attenuated by C. zeylanicum essential oil.

Background Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a diverse set of diffuse parenchymal lung illnesses defined by decreased functional capacity and exercise-induced hypoxia. Despite the inadequacy of clinical guidelines for pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in ILD, some recent studies have indicated that rehabilitation can help patients with ILD improve their dyspnea and functional capacity. Chest ultrasound (US) is a safe and effective method to assess diaphragmatic function and the impact of PR on it. Purpose Evaluation of diaphragmatic motion and thickness by chest US, spirometry, maximal inspiratory pressure (Pi Max), maximal expiratory pressure (Pe Max), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale in ILD patients before and after PR program from January 2019 to June 2021. Patients and methods Our study was a prospective and analytical study that included twenty patients diagnosed with ILD in Ain Shams University Hospitals (inpatients and outpatients) in the duration from January 2019 to June 2021. All patients after informed written consent were subject to chest history and examination, high-resolution computed tomography chest prerehabilitation and postrehabilitation spirometry, chest US to assess diaphragmatic excursion both at rest and with forced respiration, assessment of diaphragmatic thickness, 6MWT, and mMRC. All patients took part in a home-based PR program (mostly an exercise training program) that included two sessions per week for 8 weeks (a total of 16 sessions), which included upper-extremity and lower-extremity endurance training, as well as respiratory muscle training. Follow-up visits were scheduled every 2 weeks and included diaphragmatic US and mMRC. Results There were 14 females (70.0%) and six males (30.0%) with age ranged from 38 to 66 years with mean±SD of 49.0 ± 8.44. There was a statistically significant increase in the pulmonary functions of the studied patients after 8 weeks of rehabilitation. There was also a statistically significant increase in diaphragmatic excursion and thickness of the studied patients at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after rehabilitation. There was highly significant improvement in mMRC classification at 4, 6, and 8 weeks than before rehabilitation. As for 6MWT, there was a highly statistically significant increase in the 6-min walking distance after 8 weeks of rehabilitation. Conclusion In individuals with ILD, PR improves pulmonary function, diaphragmatic thickness, and excursion, mMRC, and 6-min walking distance.

Abstract Despite the relatively increased cancer incidence in the last few years in the Arab countries, it is still far from the figures reported from Western countries. Several mechanisms have been adopted to explain the significant decreased incidence of cancer in the Arab countries, among them fasting, food full of special recipes filled with spices, significant lower rates of smoking and alcohol drinking, and genetic predisposition. Clinical trials are warranted on a large population scales to study, discuss, and verify such mechanisms.

This study was aimed to investigate the response of the growth and yield of industrial potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) to the addition of soil improvement and spraying with tocopherol, The field experiments were carried out during the fall season 2020-2021 and the spring 2021 at one of the fields at the area located at 44.23° longitude and 33.32° latitude, The experiments carried out as a factorial experiment within a split plot design, where the irrigation interval factor was set every 4, 8 and 12 days for the fall season and every 4, 7 and 10 days for the spring season (symbolized by I0, I1 and I2) in the main plot, and the interaction factor between Eco Gel soil improver and anti-stress spray in the Sub plot with three replications, as Eco Gel was added to the soil at the level of 50 kg ha-1 symbolized by E1 and added to the level of 100 kg ha-1 symbolized by E2 as well as the treatment without adding that Its symbol is E0, and spraying with anti-stress, tocopherol with a concentration of 30 mg L-1 symbolized by T1 and trehalose with a concentration of 30 mmol L-1 symbolized by T2, as well as spraying with normal water symbolized by T0, the results showed a significant superiority for the treatment of the triple interaction I1E2T2 in percentage increase Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, plant length, total leaves and total tubers, yield per plant and total yield for the two seasons, respectively, compared to treatment I2 E0T0.

Irrigation in most countries represents the largest share of all water use. Groundwater is the main water resource after the water of the Nile River in Egypt. The water situation in the future is not optimistic due to the economic development, the increase in population growth and the increase in the agricultural area, especially after the completion of the construction of Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, so suitable alternatives must be provided for irrigation water. This paper presents a hydrological study on groundwater for use in irrigation in Assiut, Upper Egypt, so that alternatives can be provided to the Nile River for water used for irrigation purposes and appropriate uses. The experiments were performed using an experimental form created to achieve the purpose of the study. The model consisted of a cascade aerator and a sand filter. packed bed filter was added to be filled with some media before the sand filter. The media that were used in the study were plastic balls (80 mm), gravel (5-8 mm) and coarse gravel (15-30 mm). The results showed that use of water leads to improving the efficiency of groundwater and thus making it suitable for irrigation purposes. Using this model with the addition of the media used in this study, groundwater was improved by up to 90% and therefore it could be used for irrigation. Finally, it is believed that the results of this study are useful in hydrological studies of groundwater for conditions similar to the ones under which this study was conducted.

The main objective of the breakwaters is to protect the port, the beach or the beach facilities from strong waves and storms, as they help to establish calm inside the port and thus achieve safety for ships, and ease of operation. This research aims to present study unconventional alternatives to vertical breakwater. In this study, two different models of vertical wave barriers implemented were chosen for their study and evaluation of the hydrodynamic performance. The first model is a vertical wall with circular slots and the second model is a vertical wall with square slots. A comparison was made between the two models it was found that the square slots reduce the transmission of waves more than circular slots by 5 to 20%. The use of two circular slotted walls decreases wave transmission by up to 30% and increases wave energy dissipation by up to 40% as compared to a single wall. With increasing relative length (h/L), the horizontal wave force rises. The relative wave forces (F/Fo), at porosity ( ) =0.25, was greater than at porosity ( ) = 0.50 by 10 to 30%. At the openings, the wave velocity is high, and the wave energy dissipation factor was also high; the higher the wave amplitude, the greater the wave energy dissipation factor.