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South Asia has been a unique geographical region where all member states share commonality of interests in history, politics, economics and socio-cultural aspects due to close geographical proximity. Because of this uniqueness, South Asia is considered a single geographical unit where security issue has a cross border dimension. For Sikh community, Pakistan has opened the Kartar Pur border between India and Pakistan. It is a step forward to bring peace across the region. Though it has also raised many questions on the security of South Asia; would tension between Pakistan and India be diluted or escalated? Would it trigger peace or security threat across the region? What would be behavior of India and Sikh community in the new scenario? How a sovereign state can establish relations with a community group (religious community) of neighboring sovereign state by passing later? How it would affect the pattern of state relations at regional level as well as at international level? The research paper is mainly based on an attempt to answer these queries. The descriptive and analytical method is used along with the primary sources in the form of in-depth interviews and focus group activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of Dialectic Doctrine is as old as ancient time of Socrates. It is a term used for reaching the truth or realty through a process of contradiction, through negation to negation towards progress to reach reality with the use of Reason. This study throws light on its historical development by analysing the doctrine through passage of time and its clarification by using several theories presented. In short, it is historical analysis of dialectic doctrine based on political theories of ancient and modern ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's global economy, attaining organizational goals has become a big challenge due to increasing workforce diversity. Thus, it has become vital to analyze workplace diversity as an integral part of any organization and make it an essential instrument for achieving financial targets and overall organizational success. Technical competence and cognitive abilities of a manager merely suffice the need of managing such workplace. In order to manage an organization with diversified workforce, it is incumbent upon managers to possess effective soft skills like communication, listening, leadership, emotional intelligence, diversity awareness, intercultural competence etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of child marriage has been taken up as a serious issue not only in Pakistan but also in the world. It is creating negative impact affecting the young girl in manifold such as in social and physiological development, particularly in girls who are not prepared to get married at a young age. In South Asia, child marriage is not a new phenomenon and is affecting millions of girls every year. It has been a socially established practice carried on from generations after generations both in India and Pakistan. In Pakistan, as in other countries of South-Asia, child marriage is practiced more in rural areas as a mean to establish strong relations between families, to senle disputes between aristocratic and royal families and to make deals over land and property. Despite the establishment of international bodies and government laws, government in Pakistan is unable to enforce existing law to remove discrepancy between national law, customary law and religious law. Child marriage is considered a personal maner governed by culture and religion. Pakistan faces a serious problem of childhood marriage in its social system. The most significant cause is a combination of established traditional values, weakness in implementation of state law and social system This research intends to takes up issue of childhood and marriage in Pakistan, in the light of science, psychology, Islamic law and different religions in order to understand event of marriage and prescribed age limits. Only then we will be able to differentiate child marriage, youth marriage, and early marriage in Pakistan and direct our efforts in right direction for girls who get married forcibly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnic diversity is the most significant aspect in the study of politics. It plays a powerful role in political development and change. This study examines the politics of Pakistan with theoretical as well as practical analysis based on racial, cultural and historical characteristics of Pakistani society. The cultural pluralism plays an important role in the politics of Pakistan based on cultural and regional outlets of ethnic diversity. It has direct impact on both central-provincial-local relations on the one hand, and problems of national integration, on the other hand. This study further analysis the integration, rejection and Multicultursim policies of the state of Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research aimed to find out gender differences in the level of creativity in government and private school students. It was hypothesized that there are significant differences in the creativity level of private and government school students. It was also hypothesized that there are likely to be significant gender differences in creativity. Cross-sectional research design was used for this purpose. The sample consisted of N=120 students of 9th and10th class from The Educators (private school) and Muslim High School (government school). Creative Behavior Inventory by Hocevar (1979) was used. Independent sample t-test was used to find out the gender differences and differences in creativity level in government and private schools students. Results revealed that there are significant differences between private and government school students in all domains of creativity. Results showed significant gender differences in some domains of creativity (literature, crafts, art and mathematics) whereas nonsignificant gender differences found on other domains (music and performing arts) in government school students. Results also showed significant gender differences in some domains of creativity (art, music, crafts, and performing arts) whereas non-significant gender differences found on other domain (literature and mathematics) in private school students. Research has important implications in educational settings and to enhance creativity of children through planning and implementations of different programs in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female engineers serving as full-time university faculty face challenges in balancing between the role of a mother and a professional academician. Career is important but so is their family. Obstacles encountered and consequently strategies adopted by them in order to strive for balance between both roles are discussed in this paper. It is a qualitative research based on Grounded theory approach. The results indicate that the responsibilities of a mother and that of a professional academician are overlapping in some cases. However, managing both the roles simultaneously is difficult and stressful. Hence, depending on their circumstances working mothers adopt diverse strategies to overcome the issues of reconciling motherhood and career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pakistan is a unique country which has experienced changing patterns of local governments in its political history. One significant change appeared as a common factor found in the three military regimes which were led by General Ayub Khan, General Zia-ul-Haq and General Pervaiz Musharraf. All these three military leaders explored possibilities of enhancing their popularity from the grassroot level, making local governments as their base. This research paper analyzes the characteristics of local governments given by the above there military dictators for their vested goal-achievements. However, they failed in their endeavor as their own philosophical democratic political society, leading to political development in Pakistan making them popular democratic leaders, could not be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a review of the opinion of philosopher Immanuel Kant regarding Islam and Mohammedans in his writings. Topics discussed include Kant's early life and influences, the social circle and the socio-political conditions which Kant moved during his lifetime, and the issue of geographical inertia.

Examining the impact of caste system on voting behavior this study deals with a comparative analysis of the two provinces, Punjab of Pakistan and Bihar of India. The two provinces have been picked up representing the study of caste system in Muslim society on the one hand and the caste behavior in the Hindu society on the other hand. This study is based on the many factors analysis such as understanding democracy, voting behavior, impact of culture, and political culture of these two societies. It is a descriptive study based on research which shows that the authority of the people is continuously affected because of caste influence which delays the democratic process in both societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]