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Previous studies on dual-brain social interaction have shown different patterns of interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) between conflictual and supportive interactions, but the role of emotion in the dual-brain mechanisms of such interactions is not well understood. Furthermore, little is known about how the dual-brain mechanisms are affected by relationship type (e.g., romantic relationship vs. friendship) and interaction mode (e.g., verbal vs. nonverbal). To elaborate on these issues, this study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to collect hemodynamic signals from romantic couples and cross-sex friends while they were discussing conflictual, neutral, or supportive topics. For the couples but not the friends, INS between the sensorimotor cortex of both participants was greater when discussing the conflictual topic than when discussing the supportive topic. INS was positively correlated with the arousal level but not the valence level of communication contents. INS was also positively correlated with interpersonal physiological synchronization based on galvanic skin response, a physiological measure of arousal. Furthermore, the differences in INS between the conflictual and supportive topics were closely associated with verbal rather than nonverbal behaviors. Together, these findings suggest that it is the arousal level induced by verbal interactions during interpersonal conflicts that increases romantic couples’ INS.

Cases of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis in Brazil have increased in recent years. We collected respiratory secretions expelled while sneezing from 28 cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis. We identified the presence of Sporothrix spp. in respiratory droplets expelled in the sneeze of infected cats. The results raise concerns about a new transmission route for cat-transmitted sporotrichosis. Physicians who diagnose and treat human cases of sporotrichosis should be aware of this potential new transmission method to improve clinical suspicion. Approximately half of patients with granulomatous conjunctival sporotrichosis did not report experiencing traumatic injury from cats.Cat-transmitted sporotrichosis is a zoonosis in geographic expansion from Brazil to other Latin American countries and is considered a public health problem. Data suggest that transmission can occur through the sneeze of an infected cat. The One Health approach is necessary to control the disease.

Background Outbreaks of healthcare-associated mucormycosis (HCM), a life-threatening fungal infection, have been attributed to multiple sources, including contaminated healthcare linens. In 2020, staff at Hospital A in Arkansas alerted public health officials of a potential HCM outbreak. Methods We collected data on patients at Hospital A who had invasive mucormycosis during January 2017–June 2021 and calculated annual incidence of HCM (defined as mucormycosis diagnosed within ≥7 days after hospital admission). We performed targeted environmental assessments, including linen sampling at the hospital, to identify potential sources of infection. Results During the outbreak period (June 2019–June 2021), 16 patients had HCM; clinical features were similar between HCM patients and non-HCM patients. Hospital-wide HCM incidence (per 100 000 patient-days) increased from 0 in 2018 to 3 in 2019 and 6 in 2020. For the 16 HCM patients, the most common underlying medical conditions were hematologic malignancy (56%) and recent traumatic injury (38%); 38% of HCM patients died in-hospital. Healthcare-associated mucormycosis cases were not epidemiologically linked by common procedures, products, units, or rooms. At Hospital A and its contracted offsite laundry provider, suboptimal handling of laundered linens and inadequate environmental controls to prevent mucormycete contamination were observed. We detected Rhizopus on 9 (9%) of 98 linens sampled at the hospital, including on linens that had just arrived from the laundry facility. Conclusions We describe the largest, single-center, HCM outbreak reported to date. Our findings underscore the importance of hospital-based monitoring for HCM and increased attention to the safe handling of laundered linens.

Several radiological methods of measuring anteversion of the acetabular component after total hip arthroplasty have been described, all time-consuming and with varying reproducibility. This study aimed to compare the recently proposed Area method to true cup anteversion as determined by an accelerometer. This study further applied this method programmatically to autonomously determine radiographic cup orientation using two computer programs, then compared these results to hand and accelerometer measurements. 160 anteroposterior pelvis radiographs were taken of a standard Sawbones® pelvis fitted with a total hip arthroplasty system. The acetabular cup was re-oriented between each radiograph, with anteversion ranging from 0° to 90°. An accelerometer was mounted to the cup to measure true cup anteversion. Radiographic anteversion was independently measured via three methods: by hand, linear image processing, and machine learning. Measurements were compared to triaxial accelerometer recordings. Coefficient of determination (R2) was found to be 0.997, 0.991, and 0.989 for hand measurements, the machine learning, and linear image processing, respectively. The machine learning program and hand measurements overestimated anteversion by 0.70° and 0.02° respectively. The program using linear techniques underestimated anteversion by 5.02°. Average runtime was 0.03 and 0.59 s for the machine learning and linear image processing program, respectively. The machine learning program averaged within 1° of cup orientation given a true cup anteversion less than 51°, and within 2° given an anteversion less than 85°. The Area method showed great accuracy and reliability with hand measurements compared to true anteversion. The results of this study support the use of machine learning for accurate, timely, autonomous assessment of cup orientation.

Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objectives Cat-transmitted sporotrichosis (CTS), caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis, is an emerging fungal disease that has become a major public health concern in Brazil. Transmission of CTS usually occurs through the implantation (e.g., scratches or bites) of infectious yeast from feline Sporothrix lesions. Recent reports on transmission events have suggested that S. brasiliensis might be transmitted through feline respiratory droplets created while sneezing. The aim of our study is to determine whether infectious respiratory secretions are expelled when cats with sporotrichosis sneeze. Methods We collected respiratory secretions expelled while sneezing from 28 cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis. We placed a Mycosel agar plate, a fungal culture medium, in front of the animals’ nostrils and used a nasal swab to stimulate sneezing (Fig. 1). Samples were incubated at 28-30°C for 4 weeks in the Mycology laboratory of Hospital de Clinicas. Molecular identification of the isolates was performed by sequencing the calmodulin gene. The infected cats enrolled in the study were subsequently treated at the School Veterinary Clinic of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, a referral hospital for the treatment of feline sporotrichosis. Results Out of the 28 respiratory samples collected, 20 (70%) had evidence of fungal growth morphologically consistent with Sporothrix. Sequencing of all isolates identified Sporothrix brasiliensis (Fig. 2). Conclusion We identified a possible novel route of transmission of Sporothrix spp. through infectious feline respiratory secretions expelled during sneezing. The respiratory droplets created by a sneeze could contain viable Sporothrix yeast that could infect humans and other animals after mucosal exposure. One health partner and collaborator such as veterinarians, physicians, health authorities, epidemiologists, and fungal disease researchers should be made aware of the potential spread of Sporothrix through respiratory droplets and sneezing to prevent and control the further spread of CTS. To prevent cat-to-human transmission of Sporothrix brasiliensis, personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn while handling a cat with suspected sporotrichosis. Veterinarians, veterinary clinic employees, students, and pet shop owners are at increased risk due to their professions. Veterinary care frequently involves procedures that encourage respiratory droplets (e.g., nasal swabs); restraint and other close contact may directly expose staff to infectious secretions. Because this study identified viable yeast in respiratory droplets from sneezing, decontamination and disinfection of exposed surfaces is increasingly important, as surfaces and objects can serve as fomites for Sporothrix. Physicians who diagnose and treat human cases of sporotrichosis should be aware of this new transmission method to improve clinical suspicion, diagnosis, and treatment for sporotrichosis. Approximately half of the human patients with conjunctival sporotrichosis did not report experiencing traumatic injury from cats; mucosal exposure to infectious yeast is a likely alternative transmission method.

Objective The purpose of this study is to assess the variability in grading systems used by US allopathic and osteopathic medical schools across all 4 years of medical school coursework. Design Transcripts were reviewed from all participating allopathic and osteopathic medical schools for all 4 years of coursework for grading system type, the presence or absence of a key or guide, the inclusion of grade distribution within class year, inclusion of a class rank, and summary statements or evaluation systems used by the institution within the Medical Student Performance Evaluation to evaluate overall performance. Setting Loyola University Medical Center. Maywood, IL. Participants Transcripts were reviewed for 144 out of existing 147 allopathic medical schools (97.9%) and 37 out of 39 existing osteopathic medical schools (94.8%). Results For allopathic schools, grading system distribution for preclinical years was—41.6% Pass/Fail, 40.3% Honors, 13.2% Letter; while grading system distribution for clinical years was—78.5% Honors, 15.9% Letter. Only 35.4% of allopathic medical schools used the same system for all 4 years, while the remaining schools used a different system for preclinical and clinical years. For osteopathic medical schools, grading system distribution for preclinical years was—45.9% Letter, 32.4% Honors, and 13.5% Pass/Fail; while grading system distribution for clinical years was—59.5% Honors and 29.7% Letter (Table 4). Overall, 56.7% of osteopathic programs used the same system for all 4 years, while the remaining schools used a different system for the preclinical years than the clinical years. Variability also existed within each of these broader grading system categories (Table 1, Table 3). Conclusions Our results highlight the variability in grading systems used by medical schools both among programs and between preclinical and clinical years. From the residency program perspective, the lack of consistent, objective comparisons between school transcripts makes comparing applicants from different institutions difficult.

Background Despite specialty-driven efforts to improve diversity in the field, few women apply to orthopaedic residency, and women are unevenly distributed among programs. There is little evidence-based information on factors that may attract female applicants. Objective This study aims to identify factors important to applicants when evaluating orthopaedic residency programs and to identify gender-specific differences. Methods All applicants to a single orthopaedic surgery residency program in the 2017 Match were asked to fill out an anonymous survey. Respondents rated the importance of 35 factors when evaluating orthopaedic residency programs. The percentage of highly rated factors was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed for each factor to assess differences by gender. Results Of 1013 applicants who applied to orthopaedic surgery residency in 2017, 815 (80%) applied to our program, and 218 (27%) completed the survey. The most important factors when evaluating a residency program for both genders were (1) perceptions of current residents; (2) interactions with members of the program; (3) program reputation and fellowship placement; (4) geographic location; and (5) impressions after rotation at a program. Female applicants rated the presence of female and minority residents and faculty and program reputation for gender and racial/ethnic diversity higher than male applicants. Conclusions When choosing an orthopaedic surgery residency program, women more often reported the presence of female residents and faculty, program reputation for gender diversity, reputation for racial/ethnic diversity, presence of minority residents and faculty, and their personal interactions with members of the program as important factors.

Aims Several radiological methods of measuring anteversion of the acetabular component after total hip arthroplasty (THA) have been described. These are limited by low reproducibility, are less accurate than CT 3D reconstruction, and are cumbersome to use. These methods also partly rely on the identification of obscured radiological borders of the component. We propose two novel methods, the Area and Orthogonal methods, which have been designed to maximize use of readily identifiable points while maintaining the same trigonometric principles. Patients and Methods A retrospective study of plain radiographs was conducted on 160 hips of 141 patients who had undergone primary THA. We compared the reliability and accuracy of the Area and Orthogonal methods with two of the current leading methods: those of Widmer and Lewinnek, respectively. Results The 160 anteroposterior pelvis films revealed that the proposed Area method was statistically different from those described by Widmer and Lewinnek (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). They gave the highest inter- and intraobserver reliability (0.992 and 0.998, respectively), and took less time (27.50 seconds (sd 3.19); p < 0.001) to complete. In addition, 21 available CT 3D reconstructions revealed the Area method achieved the highest Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r = 0.956; p < 0.001) and least statistical difference (p = 0.704) from CT with a mean within 1° of CT-3D reconstruction between ranges of 1° to 30° of measured radiological anteversion. Conclusion Our results support the proposed Area method to be the most reliable, accurate, and speedy. They did not support any statistical superiority of the proposed Orthogonal method to that of the Widmer or Lewinnek method. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1042–1049.

During December 3, 2020-January 31, 2021, CDC, in collaboration with the University of Utah Health and Economic Recovery Outreach Project,* Utah Department of Health (UDOH), Salt Lake County Health Department, and one Salt Lake county school district, offered free, in-school, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) saliva testing as part of a transmission investigation of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, in elementary school settings. School contacts† of persons with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, including close contacts, were eligible to participate (1). Investigators approached parents or guardians of student contacts by telephone, and during January, using school phone lines to offer in-school specimen collection; the testing procedures were explained in the preferred language of the parent or guardian. Consent for participants was obtained via an electronic form sent by e-mail. Analyses examined participation (i.e., completing in-school specimen collection for SARS-CoV-2 testing) in relation to factors§ that were programmatically important or could influence likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 testing, including race, ethnicity, and SARS-CoV-2 incidence in the community (2). Crude prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated using univariate log-binomial regression.¶ This activity was reviewed by CDC and was conducted consistent with federal law and CDC policy.*.

School closures affected more than 55 million students across the United States when implemented as a strategy to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (1). Reopening schools requires balancing the risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection to students and staff members against the benefits of in-person learning (2). During December 3, 2020-January 31, 2021, CDC investigated SARS-CoV-2 transmission in 20 elementary schools (kindergarten through grade 6) that had reopened in Salt Lake County, Utah. The 7-day cumulative number of new COVID-19 cases in Salt Lake County during this time ranged from 290 to 670 cases per 100,000 persons.† Susceptible§ school contacts¶ (students and staff members exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in school) of 51 index patients** (40 students and 11 staff members) were offered SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. Among 1,041 susceptible school contacts, 735 (70.6%) were tested, and five of 12 cases identified were classified as school-associated; the secondary attack rate among tested susceptible school contacts was 0.7%. Mask use among students was high (86%), and the median distance between students' seats in classrooms was 3 ft. Despite high community incidence and an inability to maintain ≥6 ft of distance between students at all times, SARS-CoV-2 transmission was low in these elementary schools. The results from this investigation add to the increasing evidence that in-person learning can be achieved with minimal SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk when multiple measures to prevent transmission are implemented (3,4).

Background: A critical part in preoperative planning for revision arthroplasty surgery involves the identification of the failed implant. Using a predictive artificial neural network (ANN) model, the objectives of this study were: (1) to develop a machine-learning algorithm using operative big data to identify an implant from a radiograph; and (2) to compare algorithms that optimise accuracy in a timely fashion. Methods: Using 2116 postoperative anteroposterior (AP) hip radiographs of total hip arthroplasties from 2002 to 2019, 10 artificial neural networks were modeled and trained to classify the radiograph according to the femoral stem implanted. Stem brand and model was confirmed with 1594 operative reports. Model performance was determined by classification accuracy toward a random 706 AP hip radiographs, and again on a consecutive series of 324 radiographs prospectively collected over 2019. Results: The Dense-Net 201 architecture outperformed all others with 100.00% accuracy in training data, 95.15% accuracy on validation data, and 91.16% accuracy in the unique prospective series of patients. This outperformed all other models on the validation ( p Conclusions: Neural networks offer a useful adjunct to the surgeon in preoperative identification of the prior implant.

Background:. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and evaluate the effectiveness of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Behavior Tool (ABOSBT) for measuring professionalism. Methods:. Through collaboration between the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery and American Orthopaedic Association's Council of Residency Directors, 18 residency programs piloted the use of the ABOSBT. Residents requested assessments from faculty at the end of their clinical rotations, and a 360° request was performed near the end of the academic year. Program Directors (PDs) rated individual resident professionalism (based on historical observation) at the outset of the study, for comparison to the ABOSBT results. Results:. Nine thousand eight hundred ninety-two evaluations were completed using the ABOSBT for 449 different residents by 1,012 evaluators. 97.6% of all evaluations were scored level 4 or 5 (high levels of professional behavior) across all of the 5 domains. In total, 2.4% of all evaluations scored level 3 or below reflecting poorer performance. Of 431 residents, the ABOSBT identified 26 of 32 residents who were low performers (2 or more < level 3 scores in a domain) and who also scored “below expectations” by the PD at the start of the pilot project (81% sensitivity and 57% specificity), including 13 of these residents scoring poorly in all 5 domains. Evaluators found the ABOSBT was easy to use (96%) and that it was an effective tool to assess resident professional behavior (81%). Conclusions:. The ABOSBT was able to identify 2.4% low score evaluations (

Introduction: Suboptimal acetabular component position can result in impingement, dislocation, and accelerated wear. Intraoperative pelvic motion has led to surgeon error and acetabular cup malposition. This study characterises the relationship between pelvic rotation and postoperative acetabular cup orientation. Methods: A device was constructed to allow cadaveric pelvis rotation along three axes about an acetabular cup in fixed orientation. The acetabular cup was fixed in space at 40° of radiographic inclination and 15° of anteversion relative to the anterior pelvic plane to represent consistent surgeon intraoperative placement. Active marker clusters were fixed to surgical equipment while the cadaveric pelvis was cemented with passive reflective markers, both identified with the Optotrak Certus motion capture system. The reamed cadaveric pelvis was rotated along three axes from –45° to 45° of roll, –30° to 30° of tilt, and –35° to 35° of pitch. The change in component inclination and anteversion was recorded at each 5° interval. Using computed tomography 3D reconstruction, the experimental setup was duplicated computationally to assess against a greater range of pelvis and implant sizes. Results: Radiographic anteversion and inclination showed a non-linear relationship dependent on pelvic roll, tilt, and pitch. Radiographic anteversion changed –0.59°, 0.76° and 0.01° while radiographic inclination changed 0.23°, 0.18° and 1.00° for every 1° of pelvic roll, tilt and pitch, respectively. Computationally, anteversion changed –0.61°, 0.75° and 0.00° while inclination changed 0.22°, 0.19° and 1.00° for every 1° of pelvic roll, tilt and pitch, respectively. These results were independent of cup and pelvis size. Conclusions: Intraoperative pelvic motion can significantly affect final cup position, and this should be accounted for when placing acetabular components during total hip arthroplasty. Based on this study, intraoperative adjustment of the acetabular component position based on pelvis motion may be implemented to improve postoperative component position.

Little is known about the lived experience of dementia in the New Zealand Chinese community. This study aims to explore the understanding and experiences of living with dementia in Chinese New Zealanders. Participants were recruited from a memory service and a community dementia day programme. In-depth interviews were conducted by bilingual and bicultural researchers. The recorded interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed. Sixteen people living with dementia and family carers participated in this study. The first theme revealed the lack of understanding of dementia prior to diagnosis, the commonly used term of “brain shrinkage” and that dementia is associated with getting older. The second theme covered the symptoms experienced by people with dementia and how family carers found anhedonia and apathy particularly concerning. The third theme highlighted the tension between cultural obligation and carer stress. The fourth theme is about the stigma attached to dementia. Our results provide some insight into ways to improve dementia care for Chinese New Zealanders, including targeted psychoeducation in the Chinese community to improve awareness and to reduce stigma, access to person-centred interventions, and learning about strategies for healthy ageing to live well with dementia, and emotional support and psychoeducation for family carers to reduce carer stress.

Several studies have identified inconsistencies between “stated” interpersonal attitudes and those “revealed” after an interaction. The authors used the speed-dating paradigm to examine stated and revealed attitudes in ingroup preferences among Asian American subgroups (Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Filipino Americans). Young single Asian Americans ( n = 198) reported preferences for dating different ethnicities and went on speed dates, after which they could offer second dates to their partners. As expected, all four ethnic subgroups showed clear ingroup biases in stated preferences. Ingroup bias in revealed preferences (measured through date offers and ratings of partners’ mate desirability), however, were minimal. At the individual level, stated ingroup preferences did not significantly predict revealed ingroup preferences. In summary, among young Asian Americans, ingroup preferences may not hold in an interactive scenario. The findings suggest that in the presence of personal cues provided through a brief interaction, people may be less prone to make judgments on the basis of ethnicity, even when consequences extend beyond the laboratory. Furthermore, mechanisms for selecting a partner may differ in “hot” (affective) versus “cold” (cognitive) states.

In Western culture, both pop theory and recent behavioral research support the “nice guy stereotype,” suggesting that communal qualities that emphasize caring for others may be unattractive in men....

What might explain our instinctual attraction to certain individuals, aside from visible factors such as appearance? We examined possible biologically-driven selection for immunology genes, specifically preferences for Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)-dissimilarity, through the ecologically-valid method of speed-dating. Two-hundred-and-sixty-two single Asian Americans went on speed-dates ( N observations = 2215) with participants of the other sex, making second date offers and rating each other on measures of mate desirability, facial attractiveness, and body scent attractiveness. Using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, women, but not men, showed preferences for speed-dating partners based on MHC-complementarity. The direction of findings varied by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), such that SNPs closer to the major HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) genes supported dissimilarity preferences, whereas those farther away supported similarity preferences. The relative effects of MHC-based measures in comparison to an array of behavioral predictors were examined via random forests. Results indicated that for both men and women, the importance of MHC-based indices was comparable to that of a partner's self-reported personality attributes in predicting second date offers.

Background The National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) policy requires interview officials to refrain from asking illegal or coercive questions that may introduce discrimination; however, compliance is insufficient. Method An Institutional Review Board-approved 12 question survey was distributed to 130 allopathic medical schools with 551 responses from 18 187 students applying in the 2015–2016 residency match. In addition, a 16-question survey was distributed through residency coordinators to residency programme interviewers with 481 responses from 21 of 22 residency specialities. Results Discriminatory topics were frequently discussed across all specialities. Surgical interviews were significantly more likely to discuss age (relative risk (RR) 2.0, p Conclusions In modern recruitment where differential attainment is of interest, the presence of such explicit discrimination is worrisome. Formal interview training might reduce discrimination, but more active overnight is needed and a zero-tolerance approach to overt discrimination should be the ambition.

Background This paper describes a protocol for determining the incidence of serious fall injuries for Strategies to Reduce Injuries and Develop Confidence in Elders (STRIDE), a large, multicenter pragmatic clinical trial with limited resources for event adjudication. We describe how administrative data (from participating health systems and Medicare claims) can be used to confirm participant-reported events, with more time- and resource-intensive full-text medical record data used only on an “as-needed” basis. Methods STRIDE is a pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial involving 5451 participants age ≥ 70 and at increased risk for falls, served by 86 primary care practices in 10 US health systems. The STRIDE intervention involves a nurse falls care manager who assesses a participant’s underlying risks for falls, suggests interventions using motivational interviewing, and then creates, implements and longitudinally follows up on an individualized care plan with the participant (and caregiver when appropriate), in partnership with the participant’s primary care provider. STRIDE’s primary outcome is serious fall injuries, defined as a fall resulting in: (1) medical attention billable according to Medicare guidelines with a) fracture (excluding isolated thoracic vertebral and/or lumbar vertebral fracture), b) joint dislocation, or c) cut requiring closure; OR (2) overnight hospitalization with a) head injury, b) sprain or strain, c) bruising or swelling, or d) other injury determined to be “serious” (i.e., burn, rhabdomyolysis, or internal injury). Two sources of data are required to confirm a serious fall injury. The primary data source is the participant’s self-report of a fall leading to medical attention, identified during telephone interview every 4 months, with the confirmatory source being (1) administrative data capturing encounters at the participating health systems or Medicare claims and/or (2) the full text of medical records requested only as needed. Discussion Adjudication is ongoing, with over 1000 potentially qualifying events adjudicated to date. Administrative data can be successfully used for adjudication, as part of a hybrid approach that retrieves full-text medical records only when needed. With the continued refinement and availability of administrative data sources, future studies may be able to use administrative data completely in lieu of medical record review to maximize the quality of adjudication with finite resources. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02475850). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40621-019-0190-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background Solid organ transplant patients are theoretically at increased risk for complications after total joint replacement due to immunosuppressive medication regimens and multiple medical co-morbidities. There are a number of studies that report on outcomes of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) following solid organ transplant, however, the results are heterogeneous. This study evaluated the outcomes of TJA in solid organ transplant patients as compared to non-organ transplant controls at one academic medical center. Methods This study was a single institution retrospective review of a consecutive series of patients who underwent joint replacement following solid organ transplant as compared to a control cohort over a 10-year period. Univariable and multivariable generalized linear mixed effects models were used to compare the odds of readmission, infection, mortality, and being discharged home between transplanted (cases) and non-transplanted (control) patients. Results Transplant and non-transplant cohorts had similar BMI, although transplant patients were younger (61 versus 65 years) and had a higher incidence of Diabetes (55% vs. 16%). On multivariable analysis, there was no difference in the odds of re-admission or rate of infection, but there was an increased risk of death and admission to a rehab facility in the transplant cohort. Conclusion Overall, this study demonstrates that solid organ transplant alone does not increase the risk of peri-operative complications in patients who underwent hip and knee replacement. However, it should be expected that these patients have a higher mortality rate and that many of them will need to be discharged to a post-acute care facility.

In this study, SnS2 powders with various surface morphologies are prepared using a facile solvothermal route with three different solvents. The powders synthesized in ethylene glycol and deionized water exhibit aggregates composed of nanoplates, whereas those synthesized in ethanol show flower-like microspheres (diameter: 1–2 µm) composed of nanosheets (thickness: 60–70 nm). The hierarchical flower-like microstructures can alleviate the volume change during charge/discharge cycles due to their porous nature. In addition, SnS2 synthesized at a lower temperature (100 °C) has nanoplates with a lower thickness, improving electrochemical performance. At a constant current density of 300 mA g−1, the microflowers exhibit a reversible capacity of 460 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles, a retention of 84%. More importantly, at a higher current density of 5000 mA g−1, a reversible capacity of 285 mAh g−1 is obtained. This study demonstrates that SnS2 synthesized using suitable processing design strategies can be used as an efficient active material for lithium-ion batteries.

We examined an understudied but potentially important source of romantic attraction-genetics-using a speed-dating paradigm. The mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) polymorphism A118G (rs1799971) and the serotonin receptor (HTR2A) polymorphism -1438 A/G (rs6311) were studied because they have been implicated in social affiliation. Guided by the social role theory of mate selection and prior genetic evidence, we examined these polymorphisms' gender-specific associations with speed-dating success (i.e., date offers, mate desirability). A total of 262 single Asian Americans went on speed-dates with members of the opposite gender and completed interaction questionnaires about their partners. Consistent with our prediction, significant gender-by-genotype interactions were found for speed-dating success. Specifically, the minor variant of A118G (G-allele), which has been linked to submissiveness/social sensitivity, predicted greater speed-dating success for women, whereas the minor variant of -1438 A/G (G-allele), which has been linked to leadership/social dominance, predicted greater speed-dating success for men. For both polymorphisms, reverse "dampening" effects of minor variants were found for opposite-gender counterparts. These results support previous research on the importance of the opioid and serotonergic systems in social affiliation, indicating that their influence extends to dating success, with opposite, yet gender-norm consistent, effects for men and women.

The residency match is increasingly competitive. The interview is an essential component, yet little has been documented about the costs applicants incur during the interview process and it is unclear how they manage these expenses.The purpose of this study was to define the economic burden of residency interviews for United States (U.S.) allopathic students participating in the 2016 Main Residency Match. We hypothesized that the financial burden of residency interviews varies based on specialty and plays a role in the applicant's ability to participate in all desired interviews.A 26 question electronic survey was developed following pilot study of applicants to a single residency program. Following validation, the survey was distributed to administrative officials at all U.S. allopathic medical schools for circulation to senior students. Results were pooled for statistical analysis.We received responses from 759 U.S. allopathic seniors. A single interview most commonly costs $250 - $499. Most applicants incurred substantial interview related costs. Sixtyfour percent of respondents spent at least $2,500, while 13% spent $7,500 or more. Specialty competitiveness was predictive of higher interview costs. Seventy-one percent of respondents borrowed money to fund interview costs, and 41% declined interviews for financial reasons.Senior medical students incur substantial costs to participate in residency interviews, often adding to already burdensome educational debt. We encourage residency programs, especially those in competitive specialty fields, to pursue cost reduction strategies. Additionally, medical schools should provide financial counseling to allow students to anticipate interview costs.

Pelvic trauma is associated with high mortality rates. Blunt pelvic injuries from high-energy mechanisms are often associated with pelvic fractures and injuries to the rectum and genitourinary (GU) tract. In addition, due to close anatomic proximity, penetrating pelvic trauma can injure the bony pelvis, rectum, and GU tract concomitantly. As a result, the assessment and management of pelvic trauma requires a multifaceted approach involving orthopedics, trauma surgery and urology.

Past research on interracial dating has focused on demographic and adjustment factors while ignoring the traits most valued in romantic partners. We examined whether interracial and intraracial daters differ in the extent to which they possess various desirable attributes. In Study 1, undergraduates estimated their partners’ ratings of them on 27 attributes. A factor analysis yielded attractiveness (e.g., physically attractive), cerebral (e.g., intelligent), relational (e.g., compassionate), and vibrancy (e.g., confident) attributes. Compared with intraracial daters, interracial daters reported that their partners saw them more positively on attractiveness, cerebral, and relational attributes (Study 1), rated their partners more positively on attractiveness and cerebral attributes (Study 2), and were rated by independent coders as more physically attractive (Study 3). Implications are discussed.

A 61-year-old man presents with an open wound over the tibia after a minor fall.

The intense competition for orthopedic surgery residency positions influences the interview process. The financial impact on residency applicants is less well understood. The purpose of the present study was to define the economic burden of the orthopedic surgery residency interview process while additionally describing how applicants finance the expense.We distributed surveys to 48 nonrotating applicants at our institution's residency interview days for the 2015 match year. The survey consisted of eleven questions specific to the costs of interviewing for orthopedic surgery residency positions.The survey response rate was 90% (43/48). Applicants applied to a median of 65 orthopedic surgery residency programs (range 21-88) and targeted a median of 15 interviews (range 12-25). The mean cost estimate for a single interview was $450 (range $200-800) and the cost estimate for all interviews was $7,119 (range $2,500-15,000). Applicants spent a mean of $344 (range $0-750) traveling to our interview. Seventy-two percent borrowed money to finance their interview costs and 28% canceled interviews for financial reasons.The financial cost of interviewing for orthopedic surgery is substantial and a majority of applicants add to their educational debt by taking out loans to finance interviews. Future considerations should be made to minimize these costs for an already financially burdened population.