Author: "Karen Salmon" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Stratified analyses refine association between TLR7 rare variants and severe COVID-19

Author: Jannik Boos, Caspar I. van der Made, Gayatri Ramakrishnan, Eamon Coughlan, Rosanna Asselta, Britt-Sabina Löscher, Luca V.C. Valenti, Rafael de Cid, Luis Bujanda, Antonio Julià, Erola Pairo-Castineira, J. Kenneth Baillie, Sandra May, Berina Zametica, Julia Heggemann, Agustín Albillos, Jesus M. Banales, Jordi Barretina, Natalia Blay, Paolo Bonfanti, Maria Buti, Javier Fernandez, Sara Marsal, Daniele Prati, Luisa Ronzoni, Nicoletta Sacchi, Joachim L. Schultze, Olaf Riess, Andre Franke, Konrad Rawlik, David Ellinghaus, Alexander Hoischen, Axel Schmidt, Kerstin U. Ludwig, Valeria Rimoldi, Elvezia M. Paraboschi, Alessandra Bandera, Flora Peyvandi, Giacomo Grasselli, Francesco Blasi, Francesco Malvestiti, Serena Pelusi, Cristiana Bianco, Lorenzo Miano, Angela Lombardi, Pietro Invernizzi, Alessio Gerussi, Giuseppe Citerio, Andrea Biondi, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Marina Elena Cazzaniga, Giuseppe Foti, Ilaria Beretta, Mariella D'Angiò, Laura Rachele Bettini, Xavier Farré, Susana Iraola-Guzmán, Manolis Kogevinas, Gemma Castaño-Vinyals, Koldo Garcia-Etxebarria, Beatriz Nafria, Mauro D'Amato, Adriana Palom, Colin Begg, Sara Clohisey, Charles Hinds, Peter Horby, Julian Knight, Lowell Ling, David Maslove, Danny McAuley, Johnny Millar, Hugh Montgomery, Alistair Nichol, Peter J.M. Openshaw, Alexandre C. Pereira, Chris P. Ponting, Kathy Rowan, Malcolm G. Semple, Manu Shankar-Hari, Charlotte Summers, Timothy Walsh, Latha Aravindan, Ruth Armstrong, Heather Biggs, Ceilia Boz, Adam Brown, Richard Clark, Audrey Coutts, Judy Coyle, Louise Cullum, Sukamal Das, Nicky Day, Lorna Donnelly, Esther Duncan, Angie Fawkes, Paul Fineran, Max Head Fourman, Anita Furlong, James Furniss, Bernadette Gallagher, Tammy Gilchrist, Ailsa Golightly, Fiona Griffiths, Katarzyna Hafezi, Debbie Hamilton, Ross Hendry, Andy Law, Dawn Law, Rachel Law, Sarah Law, Rebecca Lidstone-Scott, Louise Macgillivray, Alan Maclean, Hanning Mal, Sarah McCafferty, Ellie Mcmaster, Jen Meikle, Shona C. Moore, Kirstie Morrice, Lee Murphy, Sheena Murphy, Mybaya Hellen, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Chenqing Zheng, Jiantao Chen, Nick Parkinson, Trevor Paterson, Katherine Schon, Andrew Stenhouse, Mihaela Das, Maaike Swets, Helen Szoor-McElhinney, Filip Taneski, Lance Turtle, Tony Wackett, Mairi Ward, Jane Weaver, Nicola Wrobel, Marie Zechner, Gill Arbane, Aneta Bociek, Sara Campos, Neus Grau, Tim Owen Jones, Rosario Lim, Martina Marotti, Marlies Ostermann, Christopher Whitton, Zoe Alldis, Raine Astin-Chamberlain, Fatima Bibi, Jack Biddle, Sarah Blow, Matthew Bolton, Catherine Borra, Ruth Bowles, Maudrian Burton, Yasmin Choudhury, David Collier, Amber Cox, Amy Easthope, Patrizia Ebano, Stavros Fotiadis, Jana Gurasashvili, Rosslyn Halls, Pippa Hartridge, Delordson Kallon, Jamila Kassam, Ivone Lancoma-Malcolm, Maninderpal Matharu, Peter May, Oliver Mitchelmore, Tabitha Newman, Mital Patel, Jane Pheby, Irene Pinzuti, Zoe Prime, Oleksandra Prysyazhna, Julian Shiel, Melanie Taylor, Carey Tierney, Suzanne Wood, Anne Zak, Olivier Zongo, Stephen Bonner, Keith Hugill, Jessica Jones, Steven Liggett, Evie Headlam, Nageswar Bandla, Minnie Gellamucho, Michelle Davies, Christopher Thompson, Marwa Abdelrazik, Dhanalakshmi Bakthavatsalam, Munzir Elhassan, Arunkumar Ganesan, Anne Haldeos, Jeronimo Moreno-Cuesta, Dharam Purohit, Rachel Vincent, Kugan Xavier, Kumar Rohit, Frater Alasdair, Malik Saleem, Carter David, Jenkins Samuel, Zoe Lamond, Wall Alanna, Jaime Fernandez-Roman, David O. Hamilton, Emily Johnson, Brian Johnston, Maria Lopez Martinez, Suleman Mulla, David Shaw, Alicia A.C. Waite, Victoria Waugh, Ingeborg D. Welters, Karen Williams, Anna Cavazza, Maeve Cockrell, Eleanor Corcoran, Maria Depante, Clare Finney, Ellen Jerome, Mark McPhail, Monalisa Nayak, Harriet Noble, Kevin O'Reilly, Evita Pappa, Rohit Saha, Sian Saha, John Smith, Abigail Knighton, David Antcliffe, Dorota Banach, Stephen Brett, Phoebe Coghlan, Ziortza Fernandez, Anthony Gordon, Roceld Rojo, Sonia Sousa Arias, Maie Templeton, Megan Meredith, Lucy Morris, Lucy Ryan, Amy Clark, Julia Sampson, Cecilia Peters, Martin Dent, Margaret Langley, Saima Ashraf, Shuying Wei, Angela Andrew, Archana Bashyal, Neil Davidson, Paula Hutton, Stuart McKechnie, Jean Wilson, David Baptista, Rebecca Crowe, Rita Fernandes, Rosaleen Herdman-Grant, Anna Joseph, Denise O'Connor, Meryem Allen, Adam Loveridge, India McKenley, Eriko Morino, Andres Naranjo, Richard Simms, Kathryn Sollesta, Andrew Swain, Harish Venkatesh, Jacyntha Khera, Jonathan Fox, Gillian Andrew, Lucy Barclay, Marie Callaghan, Rachael Campbell, Sarah Clark, Dave Hope, Lucy Marshall, Corrienne McCulloch, Kate Briton, Jo Singleton, Sohphie Birch, Lutece Brimfield, Zoe Daly, David Pogson, Steve Rose, Ceri Battle, Elaine Brinkworth, Rachel Harford, Carl Murphy, Luke Newey, Tabitha Rees, Marie Williams, Sophie Arnold, Petra Polgarova, Katerina Stroud, Eoghan Meaney, Megan Jones, Anthony Ng, Shruti Agrawal, Nazima Pathan, Deborah White, Esther Daubney, Kay Elston, Lina Grauslyte, Musarat Hussain, Mandeep Phull, Tatiana Pogreban, Lace Rosaroso, Erika Salciute, George Franke, Joanna Wong, Aparna George, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz de Gordoa, Emily Peasgood, Claire Phillips, Michelle Bates, Jo Dasgin, Jaspret Gill, Annette Nilsson, James Scriven, Carlos Castro Delgado, Deborah Dawson, Lijun Ding, Georgia Durrant, Obiageri Ezeobu, Sarah Farnell-Ward, Abiola Harrison, Rebecca Kanu, Susannah Leaver, Elena Maccacari, Soumendu Manna, Romina Pepermans Saluzzio, Joana Queiroz, Tinashe Samakomva, Christine Sicat, Joana Texeira, Edna Fernandes Da Gloria, Ana Lisboa, John Rawlins, Jisha Mathew, Ashley Kinch, William James Hurt, Nirav Shah, Victoria Clark, Maria Thanasi, Nikki Yun, Kamal Patel, Sara Bennett, Emma Goodwin, Matthew Jackson, Alissa Kent, Clare Tibke, Wiesia Woodyatt, Ahmed Zaki, Azmerelda Abraheem, Peter Bamford, Kathryn Cawley, Charlie Dunmore, Maria Faulkner, Rumanah Girach, Helen Jeffrey, Rhianna Jones, Emily London, Imrun Nagra, Farah Nasir, Hannah Sainsbury, Clare Smedley, Tahera Patel, Matthew Smith, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Aayesha Kazi, Janice Hartley, Joseph Dykes, Muhammad Hijazi, Sarah Keith, Meherunnisa Khan, Janet Ryan-Smith, Philippa Springle, Jacqueline Thomas, Nick Truman, Samuel Saad, Dabheoc Coleman, Christopher Fine, Roseanna Matt, Bethan Gay, Jack Dalziel, Syamlan Ali, Drew Goodchild, Rhiannan Harling, Ravi Bhatterjee, Wendy Goddard, Chloe Davison, Stephen Duberly, Jeanette Hargreaves, Rachel Bolton, Miriam Davey, David Golden, Rebecca Seaman, Shiney Cherian, Sean Cutler, Anne Emma Heron, Anna Roynon-Reed, Tamas Szakmany, Gemma Williams, Owen Richards, Yusuf Cheema, Hollie Brooke, Sarah Buckley, Jose Cebrian Suarez, Ruth Charlesworth, Karen Hansson, John Norris, Alice Poole, Alastair Rose, Rajdeep Sandhu, Brendan Sloan, Elizabeth Smithson, Muthu Thirumaran, Veronica Wagstaff, Alexandra Metcalfe, Mark Brunton, Jess Caterson, Holly Coles, Matthew Frise, Sabi Gurung Rai, Nicola Jacques, Liza Keating, Emma Tilney, Shauna Bartley, Parminder Bhuie, Sian Gibson, Amanda Lyle, Fiona McNeela, Jayachandran Radhakrishnan, Alistair Hughes, Bryan Yates, Jessica Reynolds, Helen Campbell, Maria Thompsom, Steve Dodds, Stacey Duffy, Sandra Greer, Karen Shuker, Ascanio Tridente, Reena Khade, Ashok Sundar, George Tsinaslanidis, Isobel Birkinshaw, Joseph Carter, Kate Howard, Joanne Ingham, Rosie Joy, Harriet Pearson, Samantha Roche, Zoe Scott, Hollie Bancroft, Mary Bellamy, Margaret Carmody, Jacqueline Daglish, Faye Moore, Joanne Rhodes, Mirriam Sangombe, Salma Kadiri, Maria Croft, Ian White, Victoria Frost, Maia Aquino, Rajeev Jha, Vinodh Krishnamurthy, Lai Lim, Li Lim, Edward Combes, Teishel Joefield, Sonja Monnery, Valerie Beech, Sallyanne Trotman, Christine Almaden-Boyle, Pauline Austin, Louise Cabrelli, Stephen Cole, Matt Casey, Susan Chapman, Clare Whyte, Yolanda Baird, Aaron Butler, Indra Chadbourn, Linda Folkes, Heather Fox, Amy Gardner, Raquel Gomez, Gillian Hobden, Luke Hodgson, Kirsten King, Michael Margarson, Tim Martindale, Emma Meadows, Dana Raynard, Yvette Thirlwall, David Helm, Jordi Margalef, Kristine Criste, Rebecca Cusack, Kim Golder, Hannah Golding, Oliver Jones, Samantha Leggett, Michelle Male, Martyna Marani, Kirsty Prager, Toran Williams, Belinda Roberts, Karen Salmon, Peter Anderson, Katie Archer, Karen Austin, Caroline Davis, Alison Durie, Olivia Kelsall, Jessica Thrush, Charlie Vigurs, Laura Wild, Hannah-Louise Wood, Helen Tranter, Alison Harrison, Nicholas Cowley, Michael McAlindon, Andrew Burtenshaw, Stephen Digby, Emma Low, Aled Morgan, Naiara Cother, Tobias Rankin, Sarah Clayton, Alex McCurdy, Cecilia Ahmed, Balvinder Baines, Sarah Clamp, Julie Colley, Risna Haq, Anne Hayes, Jonathan Hulme, Samia Hussain, Sibet Joseph, Rita Kumar, Zahira Maqsood, Manjit Purewal, Leonie Benham, Zena Bradshaw, Joanna Brown, Melanie Caswell, Jason Cupitt, Sarah Melling, Stephen Preston, Nicola Slawson, Emma Stoddard, Scott Warden, Bethan Deacon, Ceri Lynch, Carla Pothecary, Lisa Roche, Gwenllian Sera Howe, Jayaprakash Singh, Keri Turner, Hannah Ellis, Natalie Stroud, Jodie Hunt, Joy Dearden, Emma Dobson, Andy Drummond, Michelle Mulcahy, Sheila Munt, Grainne O'Connor, Jennifer Philbin, Chloe Rishton, Redmond Tully, Sarah Winnard, Susanne Cathcart, Katharine Duffy, Alex Puxty, Kathryn Puxty, Lynne Turner, Jane Ireland, Gary Semple, Kate Long, Simon Whiteley, Elizabeth Wilby, Bethan Ogg, Amanda Cowton, Andrea Kay, Melanie Kent, Kathryn Potts, Ami Wilkinson, Suzanne Campbell, Ellen Brown, Julie Melville, Jay Naisbitt, Rosane Joseph, Maria Lazo, Olivia Walton, Alan Neal, Peter Alexander, Schvearn Allen, Joanne Bradley-Potts, Craig Brantwood, Jasmine Egan, Timothy Felton, Grace Padden, Luke Ward, Stuart Moss, Susannah Glasgow, Lynn Abel, Michael Brett, Brian Digby, Lisa Gemmell, James Hornsby, Patrick MacGoey, Pauline O'Neil, Richard Price, Natalie Rodden, Kevin Rooney, Radha Sundaram, Nicola Thomson, Bridget Hopkins, Laura Thrasyvoulou, Heather Willis, Martyn Clark, Martina Coulding, Edward Jude, Jacqueline McCormick, Oliver Mercer, Darsh Potla, Hafiz Rehman, Heather Savill, Victoria Turner, Charlotte Downes, Kathleen Holding, Katie Riches, Mary Hilton, Mel Hayman, Deepak Subramanian, Priya Daniel, Oluronke Adanini, Nikhil Bhatia, Maines Msiska, Rebecca Collins, Ian Clement, Bijal Patel, A. Gulati, Carole Hays, K. Webster, Anne Hudson, Andrea Webster, Elaine Stephenson, Louise McCormack, Victoria Slater, Rachel Nixon, Helen Hanson, Maggie Fearby, Sinead Kelly, Victoria Bridgett, Philip Robinson, Julie Camsooksai, Charlotte Humphrey, Sarah Jenkins, Henrik Reschreiter, Beverley Wadams, Yasmin Death, Victoria Bastion, Daphene Clarke, Beena David, Harriet Kent, Rachel Lorusso, Gamu Lubimbi, Sophie Murdoch, Melchizedek Penacerrada, Alastair Thomas, Jennifer Valentine, Ana Vochin, Retno Wulandari, Brice Djeugam, Gillian Bell, Katy English, Amro Katary, Louise Wilcox, Michelle Bruce, Karen Connolly, Tracy Duncan, Helen T-Michael, Gabriella Lindergard, Samuel Hey, Claire Fox, Jordan Alfonso, Laura Jayne Durrans, Jacinta Guerin, Bethan Blackledge, Jade Harris, Martin Hruska, Ayaa Eltayeb, Thomas Lamb, Tracey Hodgkiss, Lisa Cooper, Joanne Rothwell, Angela Allan, Felicity Anderson, Callum Kaye, Jade Liew, Jasmine Medhora, Teresa Scott, Erin Trumper, Adriana Botello, Liana Lankester, Nikitas Nikitas, Colin Wells, Bethan Stowe, Kayleigh Spencer, Craig Brandwood, Lara Smith, Katie Birchall, Laurel Kolakaluri, Deborah Baines, Anila Sukumaran, Elena Apetri, Cathrine Basikolo, Laura Catlow, Bethan Charles, Paul Dark, Reece Doonan, Alice Harvey, Daniel Horner, Karen Knowles, Stephanie Lee, Diane Lomas, Chloe Lyons, Tracy Marsden, Danielle McLaughlan, Liam McMorrow, Jessica Pendlebury, Jane Perez, Maria Poulaka, Nicola Proudfoot, Melanie Slaughter, Kathryn Slevin, Vicky Thomas, Danielle Walker, Angiy Michael, Matthew Collis, Tracey Cosier, Gemma Millen, Neil Richardson, Natasha Schumacher, Heather Weston, James Rand, Nicola Baxter, Steven Henderson, Sophie Kennedy-Hay, Christopher McParland, Laura Rooney, Malcolm Sim, Gordan McCreath, Louise Akeroyd, Shereen Bano, Matt Bromley, Lucy Gurr, Tom Lawton, James Morgan, Kirsten Sellick, Deborah Warren, Brian Wilkinson, Janet McGowan, Camilla Ledgard, Amelia Stacey, Kate Pye, Ruth Bellwood, Michael Bentley, Jeremy Bewley, Zoe Garland, Lisa Grimmer, Bethany Gumbrill, Rebekah Johnson, Katie Sweet, Denise Webster, Georgia Efford, Karen Convery, Deirdre Fottrell-Gould, Lisa Hudig, Jocelyn Keshet-Price, Georgina Randell, Katie Stammers, Maria Bokhari, Vanessa Linnett, Rachael Lucas, Wendy McCormick, Jenny Ritzema, Amanda Sanderson, Helen Wild, Anthony Rostron, Alistair Roy, Lindsey Woods, Sarah Cornell, Fiona Wakinshaw, Kimberley Rogerson, Jordan Jarmain, Robert Parker, Amie Reddy, Ian Turner-Bone, Laura Wilding, Peter Harding, Caroline Abernathy, Louise Foster, Andrew Gratrix, Vicky Martinson, Priyai Parkinson, Elizabeth Stones, Llucia Carbral-Ortega, Georgia Bercades, David Brealey, Ingrid Hass, Niall MacCallum, Gladys Martir, Eamon Raith, Anna Reyes, Deborah Smyth, Letizia Zitter, Sarah Benyon, Suzie Marriott, Linda Park, Samantha Keenan, Elizabeth Gordon, Helen Quinn, Kizzy Baines, Lenka Cagova, Adama Fofano, Lucie Garner, Helen Holcombe, Sue Mepham, Alice Michael Mitchell, Lucy Mwaura, Krithivasan Praman, Alain Vuylsteke, Julie Zamikula, Bally Purewal, Vanessa Rivers, Stephanie Bell, Hayley Blakemore, Borislava Borislavova, Beverley Faulkner, Emma Gendall, Elizabeth Goff, Kati Hayes, Matt Thomas, Ruth Worner, Kerry Smith, Deanna Stephens, Louise Mew, Esther Mwaura, Richard Stewart, Felicity Williams, Lynn Wren, Sara-Beth Sutherland, Emily Bevan, Jane Martin, Dawn Trodd, Geoff Watson, Caroline Wrey Brown, Amy Collins, Waqas Khaliq, Estefania Treus Gude, Olugbenga Akinkugbe, Alasdair Bamford, Emily Beech, Holly Belfield, Michael Bell, Charlene Davies, Gareth A.L. Jones, Tara McHugh, Hamza Meghari, Lauran O'Neill, Mark J. Peters, Samiran Ray, Ana Luisa Tomas, Iona Burn, Geraldine Hambrook, Katarina Manso, Ruth Penn, Pradeep Shanmugasundaram, Julie Tebbutt, Danielle Thornton, Jade Cole, Rhys Davies, Donna Duffin, Helen Hill, Ben Player, Emma Thomas, Angharad Williams, Denise Griffin, Nycola Muchenje, Mcdonald Mupudzi, Richard Partridge, Jo-Anna Conyngham, Rachel Thomas, Mary Wright, Maria Alvarez Corral, Reni Jacob, Cathy Jones, Craig Denmade, Sarah Beavis, Katie Dale, Rachel Gascoyne, Joanne Hawes, Kelly Pritchard, Lesley Stevenson, Amanda Whileman, Patricia Doble, Joanne Hutter, Corinne Pawley, Charmaine Shovelton, Marius Vaida, Deborah Butcher, Susie O'Sullivan, Nicola Butterworth-Cowin, Norfaizan Ahmad, Joann Barker, Kris Bauchmuller, Sarah Bird, Kay Cawthron, Kate Harrington, Yvonne Jackson, Faith Kibutu, Becky Lenagh, Shamiso Masuko, Gary H. Mills, Ajay Raithatha, Matthew Wiles, Jayne Willson, Helen Newell, Alison Lye, Lorenza Nwafor, Claire Jarman, Sarah Rowland-Jones, David Foote, Joby Cole, Roger Thompson, James Watson, Lisa Hesseldon, Irene Macharia, Luke Chetam, Jacqui Smith, Amber Ford, Samantha Anderson, Kathryn Birchall, Kay Housley, Sara Walker, Leanne Milner, Helena Hanratty, Helen Trower, Patrick Phillips, Simon Oxspring, Ben Donne, Catherine Jardine, Dewi Williams, Alasdair Hay, Rebecca Flanagan, Gareth Hughes, Scott Latham, Emma McKenna, Jennifer Anderson, Robert Hull, Kat Rhead, Carina Cruz, Natalie Pattison, Rob Charnock, Denise McFarland, Denise Cosgrove, Ashar Ahmed, Anna Morris, Srinivas Jakkula, Asifa Ali, Megan Brady, Sam Dale, Annalisa Dance, Lisa Gledhill, Jill Greig, Kathryn Hanson, Kelly Holdroyd, Marie Home, Diane Kelly, Ross Kitson, Lear Matapure, Deborah Melia, Samantha Mellor, Tonicha Nortcliffe, Jez Pinnell, Matthew Robinson, Lisa Shaw, Ryan Shaw, Lesley Thomis, Alison Wilson, Tracy Wood, Lee-Ann Bayo, Ekta Merwaha, Tahira Ishaq, Sarah Hanley, Meg Hibbert, Dariusz Tetla, Chrsitopher Woodford, Latha Durga, Gareth Kennard-Holden, Debbie Branney, Jordan Frankham, Sally Pitts, Nigel White, Shondipon Laha, Mark Verlander, Alexandra Williams, Abdelhakim Altabaibeh, Ana Alvaro, Kayleigh Gilbert, Louise Ma, Loreta Mostoles, Chetan Parmar, Kathryn Simpson, Champa Jetha, Lauren Booker, Anezka Pratley, Colene Adams, Anita Agasou, Tracie Arden, Amy Bowes, Pauline Boyle, Mandy Beekes, Heather Button, Nigel Capps, Mandy Carnahan, Anne Carter, Danielle Childs, Denise Donaldson, Kelly Hard, Fran Hurford, Yasmin Hussain, Ayesha Javaid, James Jones, Sanal Jose, Michael Leigh, Terry Martin, Helen Millward, Nichola Motherwell, Rachel Rikunenko, Jo Stickley, Julie Summers, Louise Ting, Helen Tivenan, Louise Tonks, Rebecca Wilcox, Maureen Holland, Natalie Keenan, Marc Lyons, Helen Wassall, Chris Marsh, Mervin Mahenthran, Emma Carter, Thomas Kong, Helen Blackman, Ben Creagh-Brown, Sinead Donlon, Natalia Michalak-Glinska, Sheila Mtuwa, Veronika Pristopan, Armorel Salberg, Eleanor Smith, Sarah Stone, Charles Piercy, Jerik Verula, Dorota Burda, Rugia Montaser, Lesley Harden, Irving Mayangao, Cheryl Marriott, Paul Bradley, Celia Harris, Susan Anderson, Eleanor Andrews, Janine Birch, Emma Collins, Kate Hammerton, Ryan O'Leary, Michele Clark, Sarah Purvis, Russell Barber, Claire Hewitt, Annette Hilldrith, Karen Jackson-Lawrence, Sarah Shepardson, Maryanne Wills, Susan Butler, Silvia Tavares, Amy Cunningham, Julia Hindale, Sarwat Arif, Sarah Bean, Karen Burt, Michael Spivey, Carrie Demetriou, Charlotte Eckbad, Sarah Hierons, Lucy Howie, Sarah Mitchard, Lidia Ramos, Alfredo Serrano-Ruiz, Katie White, Fiona Kelly, Daniele Cristiano, Natalie Dormand, Zohreh Farzad, Mahitha Gummadi, Kamal Liyanage, Brijesh Patel, Sara Salmi, Geraldine Sloane, Vicky Thwaites, Mathew Varghese, Anelise C. Zborowski, John Allan, Tim Geary, Gordon Houston, Alistair Meikle, Peter O'Brien, Miranda Forsey, Agilan Kaliappan, Anne Nicholson, Joanne Riches, Mark Vertue, Elizabeth Allan, Kate Darlington, Ffyon Davies, Jack Easton, Sumit Kumar, Richard Lean, Daniel Menzies, Richard Pugh, Xinyi Qiu, Llinos Davies, Hannah Williams, Jeremy Scanlon, Gwyneth Davies, Callum Mackay, Joannne Lewis, Stephanie Rees, Metod Oblak, Monica Popescu, Mini Thankachen, Andrew Higham, Kerry Simpson, Jayne Craig, Rosie Baruah, Sheila Morris, Susie Ferguson, Amy Shepherd, Luke Stephen Prockter Moore, Marcela Paola Vizcaychipi, Laura Gomes de Almeida Martins, Jaime Carungcong, Inthakab Ali Mohamed Ali, Karen Beaumont, Mark Blunt, Zoe Coton, Hollie Curgenven, Mohamed Elsaadany, Kay Fernandes, Sameena Mohamed Ally, Harini Rangarajan, Varun Sarathy, Sivarupan Selvanayagam, Dave Vedage, Matthew White, Mandy Gill, Paul Paul, Valli Ratnam, Sarah Shelton, Inez Wynter, Siobhain Carmody, Valerie Joan Page, Claire Marie Beith, Karen Black, Suzanne Clements, Alan Morrison, Dominic Strachan, Margaret Taylor, Michelle Clarkson, Stuart D'Sylva, Kathryn Norman, Fiona Auld, Joanne Donnachie, Ian Edmond, Lynn Prentice, Nikole Runciman, Dario Salutous, Lesley Symon, Anne Todd, Patricia Turner, Abigail Short, Laura Sweeney, Euan Murdoch, Dhaneesha Senaratne, Michaela Hill, Thogulava Kannan, Wild Laura, Rikki Crawley, Abigail Crew, Mishell Cunningham, Allison Daniels, Laura Harrison, Susan Hope, Ken Inweregbu, Sian Jones, Nicola Lancaster, Jamie Matthews, Alice Nicholson, Gemma Wray, Helen Langton, Rachel Prout, Malcolm Watters, Catherine Novis, Anthony Barron, Ciara Collins, Sundeep Kaul, Heather Passmore, Claire Prendergast, Anna Reed, Paula Rogers, Rajvinder Shokkar, Meriel Woodruff, Hayley Middleton, Oliver Polgar, Claire Nolan, Kanta Mahay, Dawn Collier, Anil Hormis, Victoria Maynard, Cheryl Graham, Rachel Walker, Ellen Knights, Alicia Price, Alice Thomas, Chris Thorpe, Teresa Behan, Caroline Burnett, Jonathan Hatton, Elaine Heeney, Atideb Mitra, Maria Newton, Rachel Pollard, Rachael Stead, Vishal Amin, Elena Anastasescu, Vikram Anumakonda, Komala Karthik, Rizwana Kausar, Karen Reid, Jacqueline Smith, Janet Imeson-Wood, Denise Skinner, Jane Gaylard, Dee Mullan, Julie Newman, Alison Brown, Vikki Crickmore, Gabor Debreceni, Joy Wilkins, Liz Nicol, Rosie Reece-Anthony, Mark Birt, Alison Ghosh, Emma Williams, Louise Allen, Eva Beranova, Nikki Crisp, Joanne Deery, Tracy Hazelton, Alicia Knight, Carly Price, Sorrell Tilbey, Salah Turki, Sharon Turney, Joshua Cooper, Cheryl Finch, Sarah Liderth, Alison Quinn, Natalia Waddington, Tina Coventry, Susan Fowler, Michael MacMahon, Amanda McGregor, Anne Cowley, Judith Highgate, Jane Gregory, Susan O'Connell, Tim Smith, Luigi Barberis, Shameer Gopal, Nichola Harris, Victoria Lake, Stella Metherell, Elizabeth Radford, Amelia Daniel, Joanne Finn, Rajnish Saha, Nikki White, Phil Donnison, Fiona Trim, Beena Eapen, Jenny Birch, Laura Bough, Josie Goodsell, Rebecca Tutton, Patricia Williams, Sarah Williams, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Ailstair Nichol, Kathy Brickell, Michelle Smyth, Lorna Murphy, Samantha Coetzee, Alistair Gales, Igor Otahal, Meena Raj, Craig Sell, Paula Hilltout, Jayne Evitts, Amanda Tyler, Joanne Waldron, Kate Beesley, Sarah Board, Agnieszka Kubisz-Pudelko, Alison Lewis, Jess Perry, Lucy Pippard, Di Wood, Clare Buckley, Peter Barry, Neil Flint, Patel Rekha, Dawn Hales, Lara Bunni, Claire Jennings, Monica Latif, Rebecca Marshall, Gayathri Subramanian, Peter J. McGuigan, Christopher Wasson, Stephanie Finn, Jackie Green, Erin Collins, Bernadette King, Andy Campbell, Sara Smuts, Joseph Duffield, Oliver Smith, Lewis Mallon, Watkins Claire, Liam Botfield, Joanna Butler, Catherine Dexter, Jo Fletcher, Atul Garg, Aditya Kuravi, Poonam Ranga, Emma Virgilio, Zakaula Belagodu, Bridget Fuller, Anca Gherman, Olumide Olufuwa, Remi Paramsothy, Carmel Stuart, Naomi Oakley, Charlotte Kamundi, David Tyl, Katy Collins, Pedro Silva, June Taylor, Laura King, Charlotte Coates, Maria Crowley, Phillipa Wakefield, Jane Beadle, Laura Johnson, Janet Sargeant, Madeleine Anderson, Ailbhe Brady, Rebekah Chan, Jeff Little, Shane McIvor, Helena Prady, Helen Whittle, Bijoy Mathew, Ben Attwood, Penny Parsons, Geraldine Ward, Pamela Bremmer, West Joe, Baird Tracy, Ruddy Jim, Ellie Davies, Sonia Sathe, Catherine Dennis, Alastair McGregor, Victoria Parris, Sinduya Srikaran, Anisha Sukha, Noreen Clarke, Jonathan Whiteside, Mairi Mascarenhas, Avril Donaldson, Joanna Matheson, Fiona Barrett, Marianne O'Hara, Laura Okeefe, Clare Bradley, Christine Eastgate-Jackson, Helder Filipe, Daniel Martin, Amitaa Maharajh, Sara Mingo Garcia, Glykeria Pakou, Mark De Neef, Kathy Dent, Elizabeth Horsley, Muhmmad Nauman Akhtar, Sandra Pearson, Dorota Potoczna, Sue Spencer, Melanie Clapham, Rosemary Harper, Una Poultney, Polly Rice, Rachel Mutch, Lisa Armstrong, Hayley Bates, Emma Dooks, Fiona Farquhar, Brigid Hairsine, Chantal McParland, Sophie Packham, Rehana Bi, Barney Scholefield, Lydia Ashton, Linsha George, Sophie Twiss, David Wright, Manish Chablani, Amy Kirkby, Kimberley Netherton, Kim Davies, Linda O'Brien, Zohra Omar, Emma Perkins, Tracy Lewis, Isobel Sutherland, Karen Burns, Dr Ben Chandler, Kerry Elliott, Janine Mallinson, Alison Turnbull, Prisca Gondo, Bernard Hadebe, Abdul Kayani, Bridgett Masunda, Taya Anderson, Dan Hawcutt, Laura O'Malley, Laura Rad, Naomi Rogers, Paula Saunderson, Kathryn Sian Allison, Deborah Afolabi, Jennifer Whitbread, Dawn Jones, Rachael Dore, Matthew Halkes, Pauline Mercer, Lorraine Thornton, Joy Dawson, Sweyn Garrioch, Melanie Tolson, Jonathan Aldridge, Ritoo Kapoor, David Loader, Karen Castle, Sally Humphreys, Ruth Tampsett, Katherine Mackintosh, Amanda Ayers, Wendy Harrison, Julie North, Suzanne Allibone, Roman Genetu, Vidya Kasipandian, Amit Patel, Ainhi Mac, Anthony Murphy, Parisa Mahjoob, Roonak Nazari, Lucy Worsley, Andrew Fagan, Thomas Bemand, Ethel Black, Arnold Dela Rosa, Ryan Howle, Shaman Jhanji, Ravishankar Rao Baikady, Kate Colette Tatham, Benjamin Thomas, Dina Bell, Rosalind Boyle, Katie Douglas, Lynn Glass, Emma Lee, Liz Lennon, Austin Rattray, Abigail Taylor, Rachel Anne Hughes, Helen Thomas, Alun Rees, Michaela Duskova, Janet Phipps, Suzanne Brooks, Michelle Edwards, Sheena Quaid, Ekaterina Watson, Adam Brayne, Emma Fisher, Jane Hunt, Peter Jackson, Duncan Kaye, Nicholas Love, Juliet Parkin, Victoria Tuckey, Lynne Van Koutrik, Sasha Carter, Benedict Andrew, Louise Findlay, Katie Adams, Jen Service, Alison Williams, Claire Cheyne, Anne Saunderson, Sam Moultrie, Miranda Odam, Kathryn Hall, Isheunesu Mapfunde, Charlotte Willis, Alex Lyon, Chunda Sri-Chandana, Joslan Scherewode, Lorraine Stephenson, Sarah Marsh, John Hardy, Henry Houlden, Eleanor Moncur, Ambreen Tariq, Arianna Tucci, Maria Hobrok, Ronda Loosley, Heather McGuinness, Helen Tench, Rebecca Wolf-Roberts, Val Irvine, Benjamin Shelley, Claire Gorman, Abhinav Gupta, Elizabeth Timlick, Rebecca Brady, Barry Milligan, Arianna Bellini, Jade Bryant, Anton Mayer, Amy Pickard, Nicholas Roe, Jason Sowter, Alex Howlett, Katy Fidler, Emma Tagliavini, and Kevin Donnelly
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2, host genetics, toll-like receptor 7, targeted sequencing, rare variants, variant collapsing analysis, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Summary: Despite extensive global research into genetic predisposition for severe COVID-19, knowledge on the role of rare host genetic variants and their relation to other risk factors remains limited. Here, 52 genes with prior etiological evidence were sequenced in 1,772 severe COVID-19 cases and 5,347 population-based controls from Spain/Italy. Rare deleterious TLR7 variants were present in 2.4% of young (
Published: 2024
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2. Oxidative stress, redox status and surfactant metabolism in mechanically ventilated patients receiving different approaches to oxygen therapy (MecROX): An observational study protocol for mechanistic evaluation [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Author: Ahilanandan Dushianthan, Paul Mouncey, Daniel Martin, Lamprini Lampro, Tasnin Shahid, Victoria Goss, Amelia Francis Johnson, William Herbert, Angelica Cazley, Mark Lamond, William Jones, Karen Salmon, Florence Neyroud, Magdalena Minnion, Julian Lentaigne, Grielof Koster, Madhuri Panchal, Anthony D Postle, Helen Moyses, Michael P W Grocott, and Martin Feelisch
Subjects: Oxygen, Hyperoxia, Mechanical ventilation, Surfactant, Redox, Oxidative stress, eng, Medicine
Abstract: Background MecROX is a mechanistic sub-study of the UK-ROX trial which was designed to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a conservative approach to oxygen therapy for invasively ventilated adults in intensive care. This is based on the scientific rationale that excess oxygen is harmful. Epithelial cell damage with alveolar surfactant deficiency is characteristic of hyperoxic acute lung injury. Additionally, hyperoxaemia (excess blood oxygen levels) may exacerbate whole-body oxidative stress leading to cell death, autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, bioenergetic failure and multi-organ failure resulting in poor clinical outcomes. However, there is a lack of in-vivo human models evaluating the mechanisms that underpin oxygen-induced organ damage in mechanically ventilated patients. Aim The aim of the MecROX mechanistic sub-study is to assess lung surfactant composition and global systemic redox status to provide a mechanistic and complementary scientific rationale to the UK-ROX trial findings. The objectives are to quantify in-vivo surfactant composition, synthesis, and metabolism with markers of oxidative stress and systemic redox disequilibrium (as evidenced by alterations in the ‘reactive species interactome’) to differentiate between groups of conservative and usual oxygen targets. Methods and design After randomisation into the UK-ROX trial, 100 adult participants (50 in the conservative and 50 in usual care group) will be recruited at two trial sites. Blood and endotracheal samples will be taken at 0, 48 and 72 hours following an infusion of 3 mg/kg methyl-D9-choline chloride. This is a non-radioactive, stable isotope of choline (vitamin), which has been extensively used to study surfactant phospholipid kinetics in humans. This study will mechanistically evaluate the in-vivo surfactant synthesis and breakdown (by hydrolysis and oxidation), oxidative stress and redox disequilibrium from sequential plasma and bronchial samples using an array of analytical platforms. We will compare conservative and usual oxygenation groups according to the amount of oxygen administered. Trial registration: ISRCTN ISRCTN61929838, 27/03/2023 https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN61929838.
Published: 2024
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3. Kia Tīmata Pai (Best Start): a study protocol for a cluster randomised trial with early childhood teachers to support children’s oral language and self-regulation development

Author: Charles Nelson, Ran Wei, Richie Poulton, Amanda Clifford, Jesse Kokaua, Elaine Reese, Hayley Guiney, Tugce Bakir-Demir, Jimmy McLauchlan, Clair Edgeler, Elizabeth Schaughency, Mele Taumoepeau, Karen Salmon, Natasha Maruariki, Stuart McNaughton, Peter Gluckman, Justin O'Sullivan, Valentina Pergher, Sophia Amjad, and Anita Trudgen
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Introduction Oral language skills are associated with children’s later self-regulation and academic skills; in turn, self-regulation in early childhood predicts successful functioning later in life. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the separate and combined effectiveness of an oral language intervention (Enhancing Rich Conversations, ENRICH) and a self-regulation intervention (Enhancing Neurocognitive Growth with the Aid of Games and Exercise, ENGAGE) with early childhood teachers and parents for children’s oral language, self-regulation and academic functioning.Methods and analysis The Kia Tīmata Pai (Best Start) study is a cluster randomised controlled trial with teachers and children in approximately 140 early childhood centres in New Zealand. Centres are randomly assigned to receive either oral language intervention only (ENRICH), self-regulation intervention only (ENGAGE), both interventions (ENRICH+ENGAGE) or an active control condition. Teachers’ and parents’ practices and children’s oral language and self-regulation development are assessed at baseline at age 1.5 years and approximately every 9 months to age 5, and academic performance at age 6. Teacher–child interactions will also be videotaped each year in a subset of the centres. Children’s brain and behaviour development and parent–child interactions will be assessed every 6 months to age 6 years in a subgroup of volunteers.Ethics and dissemination The Kia Tīmata Pai trial and the two substudies (Video Project; Brain and Behaviour Development) have been approved by the University of Otago Human Ethics Committee (Health; H20/116), and reviewed for cultural responsiveness by: the Ngāi Tahu Research Committee (University of Otago), the Māori Advisory Group (University of Auckland, Liggins Institute) and an internal cultural advisory group. Results will be disseminated in international and national peer-reviewed academic journals and communicated to local, national and international organisations serving early childhood teachers, parents and young children. Data will be available via communication with the corresponding author.Trial registration number ACTRN12621000845831.
Published: 2023
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4. Associations between episodic detail in young adults’ memory narratives and depressive symptoms: Event type matters

Author: Jessica Fozzard-Costigan, Megan V. Banks, Paul E. Jose, and Karen Salmon
Subjects: Depressive symptoms, Autobiographical memory, Episodic detail, Life narrative, Emerging adults, Mental healing, RZ400-408
Abstract: This study aimed to partially replicate and extend an unexpected finding by Salmon et al. (2021) that, for community adolescents, greater episodic detail in a self-relevant narrative (a life turning point) predicted higher depressive symptoms concurrently and across one year. We recoded 164 young adults’ life narratives of three types (i.e., high point, low point, and turning point) from a previously published dataset. We replicated the finding that greater episodic detail in the turning point concurrently predicted greater depressive symptoms, albeit with a modest effect size. Episodic detail did not depressive symptoms in the low or high point narrative, and nor did it predict anxiety symptoms. Our earlier finding with adolescents has now been replicated with emerging adults, with implications for theories of the relationship between autobiographical memories and depression and for memory-based early intervention approaches.
Published: 2023
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5. Maternal Reminiscing and Children’s Socioemotional Development: Evidence from a Large Pre-Birth Longitudinal Cohort Study, Growing Up in New Zealand

Author: Madeline Garnett, Elaine Reese, Isabelle Swearingen, Elizabeth Peterson, Karen Salmon, Karen Waldie, Stephanie D’souza, Polly Atatoa-Carr, Susan Morton, and Amy Bird
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Published: 2023

6. Autobiographical memory and psychopathology: Is memory specificity as important as we make it seem?

Author: Tom J. Barry, Keisuke Takano, David J. Hallford, John E. Roberts, Karen Salmon, and Filip Raes
Subjects: Psychology, Experimental, semantic memory, General Neuroscience, RETRIEVAL, Social Sciences, EPISODIC MEMORY, General Medicine, psychopathology, DEPRESSION, mental illness, SELF, CULTURE, EVENTS, AGE, PLEASANT, COHERENCE, Psychology, TRAINING MEST, General Psychology
Abstract: Several decades of research have established reduced autobiographical memory specificity, or overgeneral memory, as an important cognitive factor associated with the risk for and maintenance of a range of psychiatric diagnoses. In measuring this construct, experimenters code autobiographical memories for the presence or absence of a single temporal detail that indicates that the remembered event took place on a single, specific, day (Last Thursday when I rode bikes with my son), or multiple days (When I rode bikes with my son). Studies indicate that the specificity of memories and the amount of other episodic detail that they include (e.g., who, what, and where) are related and may rely on the same neural processes to elicit their retrieval. However, specificity and detailedness are nonetheless separable constructs: imperfectly correlated and differentially associated with current and future depressive symptoms and other associated intrapersonal (e.g., rumination) and interpersonal (e.g., social support) outcomes. The ways in which the details of our memories align with narrative themes (i.e., agency, communion, identity) and the coherence with which these details are presented, are also emerging as important factors associated with psychopathology. The temporal specificity of autobiographical memories may be important, but other memory constructs warrant further attention in research and theory, especially given the associations, and dependencies, between each of these constructs. Researchers in this area must consider carefully whether their research questions necessitate a focus on autobiographical memory specificity or whether a more inclusive analysis of other autobiographical memory features is necessary and more fruitful. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Memory. ispartof: WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COGNITIVE SCIENCE vol:14 issue:3 ispartof: location:United States status: published
Published: 2023

7. Parent–adolescent reminiscing and youth psychopathology: A cross‐sectional and longitudinal investigation

Author: Mary N. Dewhirst, Matt D. Hammond, and Karen Salmon
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, Social Psychology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Developmental and Educational Psychology
Published: 2023

8. Retrieval-induced forgetting for autobiographical memories beyond recall rates: A developmental study

Author: Ruth Glynn, Karen Salmon, and Jason Low
Subjects: Narration, Adolescent, Memory, Episodic, Mental Recall, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Black People, Humans, Female, Child, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Adaptation, Physiological, Demography
Abstract: We investigated whether selective discussion of autobiographical memory narratives would impact the quality of young people's recall of their nondiscussed memory narratives. Children (ages 8-9 years
Published: 2022

9. The ecology of youth psychological wellbeing in the COVID-19 pandemic

Author: Karen Salmon
Subjects: Positive discipline, Ecological systems, Parent-child reminiscing, Socioemotional selectivity theory, Poverty, COVID-19 pandemic, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Cognition, Ecological systems theory, Mental health, Developmental psychology, Clinical Psychology, Youth mental health, COVID-19 Special Forum article, Psychology, Everyday life, Caregiving behaviors, Applied Psychology, Developmental psychopathology
Abstract: The consequences of profound disruption to everyday life caused by the COVID-19 pandemic will only emerge over time. Guided by ecological systems (Pitchik et al., 2021) and developmental psychopathology (Masten & Cicchetti, 2010) frameworks, I review evidence that points to parents at home with children as particularly vulnerable to increased psychological difficulties, particularly in contexts of poverty. Resultant compromised parenting may reduce children’s opportunities for the kinds of everyday interactions that promote cognitive and socioemotional development and expose them to increases in coercive, avoidant, and other problematic caregiving behaviours. I discuss three evidence-based strategies that parents could adopt to buffer their child’s mental health: building positive discipline strategies, talking with the child about the pandemic and its consequences, and conversing about the past. I conclude, however, that approaches to supporting parents and their children at this time must also address multisystem factors that compromise caregivers’ ability to provide nurturing care.
Published: 2021

10. The Best Start (Kia Tīmata Pai): A Study Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Trial with Early Childhood Teachers to Support Children’s Oral Language and Self-Regulation Development

Author: Elaine Reese, Jesse Kokaua, Hayley Guiney, Tugce Bakir-Demir, Jimmy McLauchlan, Clair Edgeler, Elizabeth Schaughency, Mele Taumoepeau, Karen Salmon, Amanda Clifford, Natasha Maruariki, Stuart McNaughton, Peter Gluckman, Charles A. Nelson, Justin M. O’Sullivan, Ran Wei, Valentina Pergher, Sophia Amjad, Anita Trudgen, and Richie Poulton
Abstract: IntroductionOral language skills are associated with children’s later self-regulation and academic skills; in turn, self-regulation in early childhood predicts successful functioning later in life. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the separate and combined effectiveness of an oral language intervention (ENRICH) and a self-regulation intervention (ENGAGE) with early childhood teachers and parents for children’s oral language, self-regulation, and academic functioning.Methods and AnalysisThe Best Start study (Kia Tīmata Pai in te reo Māori, the indigenous language of New Zealand) is a cluster randomized controlled trial with teachers and children in approximately 140 early childhood centres in New Zealand. Centres are randomly assigned to receive either oral language intervention only (ENRICH), self-regulation intervention only (ENGAGE), both interventions (ENRICH + ENGAGE), or an active control condition. Teachers’ and parents’ practices and children’s oral language and self-regulation development are assessed at baseline at age 1.5 years and every 9-months to age 5, and academic performance at age 6. Teacher-child interactions will also be videotaped each year in a subset of the centres. Children’s brain and behavior development and parent-child interactions will be assessed every 6 months to age 6 years in a sub-group of volunteers.Ethics and DisseminationThe Best Start trial and the two sub-studies (Video Project; Brain and Behavior Development) have been approved by the University of Otago Health Ethics Committee (H20/116), and reviewed for cultural responsiveness by: the Ngāi Tahu Research Committee (University of Otago), the Māori Advisory Group (University of Auckland, Liggins Institute) and an internal cultural advisory group. Results will be disseminated in international and national peer-reviewed academic journals and communicated to local, national, and international organizations serving early childhood teachers, parents, and young children.Trial registrationThis trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR) as ACTRN12621000845831.Strengths and Limitations of This StudyStrength:The size and longitudinal design of this cluster RCT across early childhood will enable the assessment of the singular and combined effects of teacher-led oral language and self-regulation interventions on the development of children’s oral language, self-regulation, and academic functioning.Strength:The trial represents a partnership between a large provider of early childhood education (BestStart), an external implementation service (Methodist Mission Southern), and a consortium of academics (Emotion Regulation Aoetaroa/New Zealand) to provide a culturally responsive intervention with co-designed implementation with the early childhood education provider (BestStart); the use of a single national provider simplifies co-design and the implementation of the intervention.Strength:The efficacy of the interventions is assessed at multiple levels: via teacher and parent reports, behavioral observations, and measures of brain development (EEG/ERP).Limitation:Because of the large size of the main trial, those assessments are restricted to teacher- and parent-report instruments.Limitation:The single-provider feature with BestStart restricts the ability to collect primary outcomes on children who leave this service provider during early childhood.
Published: 2022

11. Maternal reminiscing as critical to emotion socialization

Author: Robyn Fivush and Karen Salmon
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Published: 2023

12. Callous-Unemotional Features are Associated with Emotion Recognition Impairments in Young ODD Children with Low but not High Affective Arousal

Author: Ren Ying Chng, Richard O'Kearney, and Karen Salmon
Subjects: Conduct Disorder, 050103 clinical psychology, Callous unemotional, Emotions, 05 social sciences, Behavioural disorders, Affect (psychology), Developmental psychology, Arousal, Psychiatry and Mental health, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Oppositional defiant, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Emotion recognition, Child, Psychology, Association (psychology), 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract: Despite increasing support for the distinction between primary and secondary variants of callous-unemotional features in children with disruptive behavioural disorders, evidence about whether emotion recognition deficits are only characteristic of primary CU is inconclusive. We tested whether, in young children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD; N = 74), level of affective arousal moderated the association between CU and performance on behavioural measures of emotional abilities. The association between CU and emotion recognition abilities was dependent on the child's level of affective arousal with higher CU associated with poorer emotion recognition abilities for ODD children with lower affective arousal (r = - 0.49; p = .007) but not for those with higher levels (r = 0.03; p = .838). Our results replicate recent findings and give support to the notion that the primary CU variant is characterised emotionally by under arousal of affect, low affect dysregulation and impaired emotion recognition abilities.
Published: 2020

13. Observing the self, avoiding the experience? The role of the observer perspective in autobiographical recall and its relationship to depression in adolescence

Author: Hannah Hawkins-Elder and Karen Salmon
Subjects: Adult, Adolescent, Recall, Depression, Autobiographical memory, Memory, Episodic, Self, 05 social sciences, Observer (special relativity), 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Cross-Sectional Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Mental Recall, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, General Psychology, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: The tendency to adopt an observer perspective (OP) when recalling autobiographical memories has been shown to be related to both avoidance and depression in adults. Very little research has examined this relationship in adolescents, however, and none of this work has adopted a longitudinal paradigm. This is an important gap in light of the marked escalation in rates of depression across the adolescent period. The current study therefore examined the concurrent and longitudinal (one year) relationships between observer perspective in the Minimal Instruction Autobiographical Memory Test (Mi-AMT; Debeer, E., Hermans, D.,Raes, F. (2009). Associations between components of rumination and autobiographical memory specificity as measured by a minimal instructions autobiographical memory test.
Published: 2020

14. Narrative coherence, psychopathology, and wellbeing: Concurrent and longitudinal findings in a mid‐adolescent sample

Author: Paul E. Jose, Elaine Reese, Karen Salmon, and Claire Mitchell
Subjects: Male, Adolescent, Social Psychology, Psychology, Adolescent, 050109 social psychology, Personal Satisfaction, Narrative identity, Developmental psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, Thematic coherence, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Narrative, Longitudinal Studies, Narration, Autobiographical memory, 05 social sciences, Life satisfaction, Coherence (statistics), Adolescent Development, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Rumination, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Psychopathology
Abstract: Introduction Research with adults and older adolescents has found that people exhibiting higher narrative coherence in life stories also report higher psychological wellbeing; however, this link has not been investigated longitudinally. The current study investigated concurrent and longitudinal relationships in mid-adolescence between narrative coherence (causal and thematic coherence) of turning point narratives and psychopathology (depressive symptoms and rumination) and psychological wellbeing (life satisfaction). Hypothesis one was that in concurrent analyses, narrative coherence would be negatively associated with psychopathology and positively associated with wellbeing. Hypothesis two was that higher narrative coherence would predict lower psychopathology and greater wellbeing over time. Method A sample of 132 adolescents (ages 14–18 years) wrote a narrative about a turning point event in their life and completed psychopathology and psychological wellbeing measures twice, approximately one year apart. Results Partial correlations on concurrent data showed that only causal coherence was associated with lower psychopathology and higher wellbeing. Longitudinal regressions showed that causal coherence predicted higher wellbeing one year later. Conclusions These findings suggest that causal coherence in life stories may play a causal role in increased life satisfaction over time for adolescents. Experimental research is required to further investigate this possibility.
Published: 2019

15. Families, Parenting, and Visits in Prison

Author: Clare-Ann Fortune and Karen Salmon
Subjects: Family disruption, media_common.quotation_subject, Prison, Criminology, Imprisonment, Psychology, Practical implications, media_common
Published: 2019

16. Coaching mothers of typical and conduct problem children in elaborative parent-child reminiscing: Influences of a randomized controlled trial on reminiscing behaviour and everyday talk preferences

Author: Penny Van Bergen, Mark R. Dadds, and Karen Salmon
Subjects: Adult, Counseling, Male, Mothers, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Sample (statistics), Intervention effect, Coaching, 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, law.invention, Typically developing, Randomized controlled trial, law, Intervention (counseling), Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Child, Problem Behavior, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Consumer Behavior, Active control, Mother-Child Relations, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Child, Preschool, Mental Recall, Female, business, Psychology, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract: This study compared the effects of mother-child reminiscing coaching on mothers of typically developing children (community sample) and mothers of children with conduct problems (clinical sample). It also tested whether intervention effects generalize to mothers' preferences for elaborative and mental-state oriented talk with their children in other contexts. Mother-child dyads (n = 88) in each sample were randomly allocated to condition: reminiscing intervention or active control. Pre-intervention, sample differences emerged. Mothers in the community sample were more elaborative during reminiscing than mothers in the clinical sample, and also expressed stronger preferences for elaborative talk in everyday contexts. Post-intervention, an intervention effect emerged. In both the community and clinical samples, mothers who had participated in the elaborative reminiscing intervention were more elaborative and emotion-focused during reminiscing than mothers in the active control condition. They also increased their preferences for elaborative and mental-state-oriented language in everyday contexts. While the mothers in the community sample remained more elaborative than mothers in the clinical sample, both experienced equivalent intervention gains. These findings highlight the value of reminiscing coaching for changing mothers’ interactional preferences and behaviours.
Published: 2018

17. A simplified (modified) Duke Activity Status Index (M-DASI) to characterise functional capacity: a secondary analysis of the Measurement of Exercise Tolerance before Surgery (METS) study

Author: Harindra C. Wijeysundera, Marcin Wasowicz, M. Ellis, S. Pitt, Robert C M Stephens, Ethel Black, N. McMillan, B. Riedel, J. Tai, Manuel Pinto, Lisa Loughney, C. Wilde, D. Bramley, H. Thompson, H. Lawrence, Y. Kirabiyik, E. Smith, C. Bolger, Usha Gurunathan, N. Tantony, Hannah Collins, Timothy G. Short, A. Raj, Thais Creary, N. Ami, B. Borg, S. Gabriel, A.M. Southcott, S. Yagnik, D. Campbell, A. Hunt, Chang Joon Kim, Paul Oh, T. Ahmad, Sarah James, C. Crescini, K. Hagen, J. Malherbe, M. Lorimer, R. Raobaikady, D. Mcallister, R. Jang, Annette Dent, L. Day, Philip Masel, Helder Filipe, W.S. Beattie, J.K. Higgie, Thomas Painter, M. Gertsman, Angela Jerath, H. Sivakumar, Christopher X. Wong, A. Jason-Smith, M. Stanbrook, Marta Januszewska, L. Lee, Keyvan Karkouti, Phoebe Bodger, G. Back, P. Sivalingam, Michael H-G. Li, Andrew Macalister Hall, Hugh Taylor, J. Douglas, Helen Houston, K. Steele, R. Belliard, Kirsty Everingham, Ellen Waymouth, Shelly Au, S. Macklin, C.H. Angus Lee, E. Wright, Bruce Thompson, A. Bodger, Jeffrey J. Pretto, Mark J. Edwards, Edyta Niebrzegowska, J. Whalley, Fiona H. Marshall, M. Lum, S. Allen, Mandeep-Kaur Phull, C.D. Mazer, Christopher A. Stonell, Daniel Martin, K. Brunello, John J McNeil, Sandy Jack, Neil MacDonald, A. Gutierrez del Arroyo, S. Bates, Richard Brull, Graham S Hillis, A. Kennedy, J. Kunasingam, J. Pazmino-Canizares, Hilmy Ismail, Karen Salmon, M. Towns, L. Andrews, Gareth L. Ackland, M. Melo, A. Murmane, Kwok M. Ho, Karen Dobson, K. Pirie, R. Miller, J. Samuels, Richard Haslop, J. Brannan, J. Kumar, R Kerridge, Michael Celinski, S. Wallace, John Grant, P. Dalley, Leanne Seaward, Colin J L McCartney, Christian M. Beilstein, Stuart A. McCluskey, J. Van Der Westhuizen, Shaman Jhanji, S. Kynaston, Kate Leslie, L. Gallego-Paredes, J. Dimech, R. Lifford, M.G. Godsall, Vincent W. S. Chan, Andrew M. Brown, L. Navarra, Ying Hu, Marlynn Ali, M. Koutra, Brian H. Cuthbertson, N Terblanche, Stephen Choi, Helen A. Lindsay, M. Abolfathi, Hance Clarke, Bryony Tyrell, Duminda N. Wijeysundera, A.M. Carrera, Martin Rooms, R. Sara, Oystein Tronstad, P. Somascanthan, H. Ismail, K. Greaves, S. Olliff, A. MacCormick, A. Collingwood, Adrian D. Elliott, M. Pakats, Muhammad Mamdani, K. Kenchington, C. Corriea, Denny Z. H. Levett, K. Flores, S. Hurford, Anmol Yagnik, A. Tippett, Bernhard Riedel, Anna Reyes, A. Melville, N. Beauchamp, and Kim Golder
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cross-sectional study, Health Status, Preoperative care, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, 030202 anesthesiology, Anesthesiology, Secondary analysis, Surveys and Questionnaires, Preoperative Care, medicine, Humans, Aged, Exercise Tolerance, business.industry, VO2 max, Middle Aged, Surgery, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Activity Status, Cross-Sectional Studies, Exercise Test, Female, Risk assessment, business, Anaerobic exercise
Abstract: Background Accurate assessment of functional capacity, a predictor of postoperative morbidity and mortality, is essential to improving surgical planning and outcomes. We assessed if all 12 items of the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) were equally important in reflecting exercise capacity. Methods In this secondary cross-sectional analysis of the international, multicentre Measurement of Exercise Tolerance before Surgery (METS) study, we assessed cardiopulmonary exercise testing and DASI data from 1455 participants. Multivariable regression analyses were used to revise the DASI model in predicting an anaerobic threshold (AT) >11 ml kg−1 min−1 and peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) >16 ml kg−1 min−1, cut-points that represent a reduced risk of postoperative complications. Results Five questions were identified to have dominance in predicting AT>11 ml kg−1 min−1 and VO2 peak>16 ml.kg−1min−1. These items were included in the M-DASI-5Q and retained utility in predicting AT>11 ml.kg−1.min−1 (area under the receiver-operating-characteristic [AUROC]-AT: M-DASI-5Q=0.67 vs original 12-question DASI=0.66) and VO2 peak (AUROC-VO2 peak: M-DASI-5Q 0.73 vs original 12-question DASI 0.71). Conversely, in a sensitivity analysis we removed one potentially sensitive question related to the ability to have sexual relations, and the ability of the remaining four questions (M-DASI-4Q) to predict an adequate functional threshold remained no worse than the original 12-question DASI model. Adding a dynamic component to the M-DASI-4Q by assessing the chronotropic response to exercise improved its ability to discriminate between those with VO2 peak>16 ml.kg−1.min−1 and VO2 peak Conclusions The M-DASI provides a simple screening tool for further preoperative evaluation, including with cardiopulmonary exercise testing, to guide perioperative management.
Published: 2020

18. What predicts overgeneral memory in youth? Testing the CaR-FA-X model longitudinally in community adolescents

Author: Paul E. Jose, Charlotte Gutenbrunner, and Karen Salmon
Subjects: Male, Depression levels, Adolescent, Overgeneral autobiographical memory, Memory, Episodic, Generalization, Psychological, Developmental psychology, Executive Function, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Generalization (learning), Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Association (psychology), Depression, 05 social sciences, Cognition, Psychiatry and Mental health, Rumination, Cognitive, Mental Recall, Rumination, Female, Dominant model, medicine.symptom, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Psychopathology
Abstract: Overgeneral autobiographical memory, the tendency to report general memories when asked to report specific event recollections, has been implicated in the development and maintenance of psychopathology. The dominant model of overgeneral memory, the CaR-FA-X model (Williams et al., 2007), proposes that three cognitive processes (increased rumination and avoidance, and reduced executive control) either independently, or in interaction, interfere with successful memory retrieval. Although psychopathology increases significantly during adolescence, no research has tested this model in its entirety, including interaction effects, longitudinally in community youth. We tested the model with 323 adolescents (152 females, 171 males) across four annual assessment points. Increased avoidance predicted higher proportions of overgeneral memories from Time 3 to Time 4, but this association was stronger for youth with elevated depressive symptoms across the four waves, and limited to memories generated in response to negative cue words. This finding may indicate that youth with stable higher levels of depression remember in an overgeneral way to avoid re-elicitation of negative event-related emotions. In youth with lower depression levels across time, the CaR-FA-X mechanisms did not predict overgeneral memory.
Published: 2018

19. Does Dispositional Mindfulness Predict the Development of Grit?

Author: Buaphrao Raphiphatthana, Paul E. Jose, and Karen Salmon
Subjects: Persistence (psychology), Mindfulness, Goal orientation, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 050109 social psychology, Passion, Dispositional mindfulness, 050105 experimental psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Construct (philosophy), Grit, Psychology, Self report, Social psychology, Biological Psychiatry, General Psychology, media_common
Abstract: Abstract. Grit, that is, perseverance and passion for long-term goals, is a novel construct that has gained attention in recent years ( Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007 ). To date, little research has been performed with the goal of identifying the antecedents of grit. Thus, in order to fill this gap in the literature, self-report data were collected to examine whether mindfulness, a mindset of being-in-the-present in a nonjudgmental way, plays a role in fostering grittiness. Three hundred and forty-three undergraduate students completed an online survey once in a cross-sectional study, and of these, 74 students completed the survey again 4.5 months later. Although the cross-sectional analyses identified a number of positive associations between mindfulness and grit, the longitudinal analysis revealed that the mindfulness facets of acting with awareness and non-judging were the most important positive predictors of grit 4.5 months later. This set of findings offers implications for future grit interventions.
Published: 2018

20. Cognitive Response Styles and the Construction of Personal Narratives: Implications for Psychopathology in Young Adults

Author: Karen Salmon and Megan V. Banks
Subjects: 05 social sciences, Cognition, 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, Cognitive reappraisal, Cognitive variables, Explanatory style, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Narrative, Young adult, Psychology, Cognitive response, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Psychopathology, Clinical psychology
Abstract: We investigated the concurrent relationships among life story variables (autobiographical reasoning), cognitive variables (negative explanatory style, cognitive reappraisal strategies, and rumination), and psychopathology (symptoms of depression and anxiety). Narratives of life story high, low, and turning points were collected from 164 young adults. Findings for negative self-event connections are reported here. Young adults who made some, as opposed to no, negative self-event connections reported greater symptoms of depression and anxiety and were more likely to report higher levels of ruminative thinking and less likely to use adaptive cognitive reappraisal strategies. Whether participants drew negative self-event connections predicted depression over and above the variance explained by negative explanatory style and cognitive reappraisal strategies and interacted with explanatory style to predict depression. In contrast, negative self-event connections did not incrementally predict anxiety over and above the cognitive variables. Results are discussed in terms of our current understanding of the factors that predict psychological distress.
Published: 2017

21. Repetitive Negative Thinking as a Transdiagnostic Predictor of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescents

Author: Matthew P. Hyett, Peter M. McEvoy, Karen Salmon, Kate Bryson, Paul E. Jose, Mary Dewhirst, and Charlotte Gutenbrunner
Subjects: 050103 clinical psychology, Adolescent, Psychometrics, media_common.quotation_subject, 050109 social psychology, Anxiety, Surveys and Questionnaires, Internal consistency, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Measurement invariance, Applied Psychology, Depression (differential diagnoses), media_common, Depression, 05 social sciences, Reproducibility of Results, Pessimism, Clinical Psychology, Convergent validity, Rumination, Negative thinking, medicine.symptom, Worry, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic process associated with numerous emotional disorders. Most measures of RNT are disorder-specific, limiting utility in comorbid populations. Transdiagnostic measures of RNT have been developed in adults and are associated with anxiety and depression. However, a transdiagnostic measure is needed to assess RNT in adolescents as a potential vulnerability factor for emotional disorders. This study validates a transdiagnostic measure of RNT—Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire–10 (RTQ-10)—in adolescents ( N = 840, Mage = 15.7 years). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a unidimensional structure. The RTQ-10 manifested good internal consistency and measurement invariance across genders and age. RNT was equally associated with anxiety and depression symptoms irrespective of gender or age. Convergent validity was demonstrated by correlations with disorder-specific measures of RNT. These findings support the RTQ-10 as a reliable and valid transdiagnostic measure of RNT in adolescents.
Published: 2017

22. Maternal Elaborative Language in Shared Emotion Talk with ODD Children: Relationship to Child Emotion Competencies

Author: Karen Salmon, Clare-Ann Fortune, Richard O'Kearney, and Annie Pate
Subjects: Adult, Male, 050103 clinical psychology, Child age, Emotions, Mothers, Behavioural disorders, Developmental psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), Association (psychology), Child, Language, 05 social sciences, medicine.disease, Mother-Child Relations, Psychiatry and Mental health, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Oppositional defiant, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Psychology, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract: While maternal elaborative reminiscing has been found to be positively connected to children's emotion competencies, little is known about how the quality of maternal talk during mother-child talk about shared emotion events relates to emotional competencies in children with disruptive behavioural disorders. In this study of 68 four to eight year-olds with oppositional defiant disorder and 34 children without a diagnosis there was no evidence of differences between mothers of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) children and mothers of non-ODD children in their use of emotion descriptors and open-ended questions when discussing emotion events with their child. After controlling for child age, gender, expressive verbal abilities and number of conversational turns, the more the mothers used these devices the poorer child's ability to generate causes for emotions and the lower the child's emotion regulation ability. The association for child emotion regulation was moderated by child's diagnostic status with a notable relationship for ODD mother-child dyads but not for the other group. The implications of the findings for the conceptualisation of mother-child talk and its relationship to the development of emotion competencies in children with disruptive behavioural problems are discussed.
Published: 2019

23. Dysfunctional posttraumatic cognitions, posttraumatic stress and depression in children and adolescents exposed to trauma: a network analysis

Author: Patrick Smith, Beatriz de Oliveira Meneguelo Lobo, Alice Alberici, Jade Claxton, Marcus A. Landolt, Kristian Kleinke, Tim Dalgleish, Meghan L. Marsac, Sarah L. Halligan, Esa Palosaari, Christian Haag Kristensen, Sue-Huei Chen, Ramón J. L. Lindauer, Karen Salmon, Nicole Michaela Volkmann, Carlijn de Roos, Richard A. Bryant, Elizabeth J. Schilpzand, Richard Meiser-Stedman, Anke de Haan, Rachel M. Hiller, Nancy Kassam-Adams, Anna McKinnon, Eva Alisic, Raija-Leena Punamäki, Julia Diehle, Shu-Tsen Liu, Reginald D. V. Nixon, Eiko I. Fried, Susan Hogan, Lamia P. Barakat, Rowena Conroy, William Yule, Child Psychiatry, and APH - Mental Health
Subjects: Persistence (psychology), Male, Adolescent, Datasets as Topic, Dysfunctional family, Psychological Trauma, behavioral disciplines and activities, Article, DSM-5, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, ICD-11, mental disorders, medicine, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Cognitive Dysfunction, Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health, adolescents, Child, Children, network analysis, Depression (differential diagnoses), Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Conceptualization, Depression, 05 social sciences, medicine.disease, Mental health, Psychiatry and Mental health, trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, depression, Female, posttraumatic cognitions, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Psychological trauma, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Background: The latest version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) proposes a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis reduced to its core symptoms within the symptom clusters re-experiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal. Since children and adolescents often show a variety of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in the aftermath of traumatic events, the question arises whether such a conceptualization of the PTSD diagnosis is supported in children and adolescents. Furthermore, although dysfunctional posttraumatic cognitions (PTCs) appear to play an important role in the development and persistence of PTSD in children and adolescents, their function within diagnostic frameworks requires clarification. Methods: We compiled a large international data set of 2,313 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years exposed to trauma and calculated a network model including dysfunctional PTCs, PTSD core symptoms and depression symptoms. Central items and relations between constructs were investigated. Results: The PTSD re-experiencing symptoms strong or overwhelming emotions and strong physical sensations and the depression symptom difficulty concentrating emerged as most central. Items from the same construct were more strongly connected with each other than with items from the other constructs. Dysfunctional PTCs were not more strongly connected to core PTSD symptoms than to depression symptoms. Conclusions: Our findings provide support that a PTSD diagnosis reduced to its core symptoms could help to disentangle PTSD, depression and dysfunctional PTCs. Using longitudinal data and complementing between-subject with within-subject analyses might provide further insight into the relationship between dysfunctional PTCs, PTSD and depression.
Published: 2019

24. Delving into the detail: Greater episodic detail in narratives of a critical life event predicts an increase in adolescent depressive symptoms across one year

Author: Paul E. Jose, Laina Isler, Belinda Buxton, Elaine Reese, Claire Mitchell, Mary Dewhirst, Charlotte Gutenbrunner, Ruth Glynn, and Karen Salmon
Subjects: 050103 clinical psychology, Longitudinal study, Adolescent, Memory, Episodic, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Narrative, Longitudinal Studies, Valence (psychology), Depressive symptoms, Depression (differential diagnoses), Narration, Recall, Depression, Autobiographical memory, 05 social sciences, Life events, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Mental Recall, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Depressed people have reduced ability to recall specific autobiographical memories, yet the role of reduced memory specificity in the development of adolescent depression is unclear. Two reasons are the limited longitudinal studies with this age group and the dominant use of just one measure of memory specificity, the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT; Williams & Broadbent, 1986). In the current one-year longitudinal study, community adolescents (N = 132, M = 16.13 years at Time 1) wrote about a life turning point, and their narratives were coded with respect to the amount of episodic and semantic detail. Participants also completed an adapted version of the Minimal Instructions AMT. Greater episodic detail in young people's turning point narrative was positively associated with depressive symptoms separately at Times 1 and 2, and uniquely predicted increases in depressive symptoms across the year. A non-positive valence of the turning point resolution also positively predicted Time 2 depressive symptoms. In contrast, specificity as assessed by the AMT did not predict such an increase. The results suggest that episodic detail in highly self-relevant narratives may be a sensitive predictor of increases in adolescent depressive symptoms across time. We consider excessive self focus and retrieval style as potential explanations of our findings.
Published: 2021

25. The Role of Language Skill in Child Psychopathology: Implications for Intervention in the Early Years

Author: Clare-Ann Fortune, Karen Salmon, Richard O'Kearney, and Elaine Reese
Subjects: Vocabulary, Child age, Child psychopathology, media_common.quotation_subject, Emotions, education, Psychological intervention, Child Behavior Disorders, Language Development, 050105 experimental psychology, Self-Control, Education, Developmental psychology, Early Medical Intervention, Intervention (counseling), Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Narrative, Conversation, media_common, Problem Behavior, 05 social sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Psychology, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Psychopathology
Abstract: In this narrative review, we suggest that children's language skill should be targeted in clinical interventions for children with emotional and behavioral difficulties in the preschool years. We propose that language skill predicts childhood emotional and behavioral problems and this relationship may be mediated by children's self-regulation and emotion understanding skills. In the first sections, we review recent high-quality longitudinal studies which together demonstrate that that children's early language skill predicts: (1) emotional and behavioral problems, and this relationship is stronger than the reverse pattern; (2) self-regulation skill; this pattern may be stronger than the reverse pattern but moderated by child age. Findings also suggest that self-regulation skill mediates the relation between early language skill and children's emotional and behavioral problems. There is insufficient evidence regarding the mediating role of emotion understanding. In subsequent sections, we review evidence demonstrating that: (1) particular kinds of developmentally targeted parent-child conversations play a vital role in the development of language skill, and (2) some current clinical interventions, directly or indirectly, have a beneficial impact on children's vocabulary and narrative skills, but most approaches are ad hoc. Targeting language via parent-child conversation has the potential to improve the outcomes of current clinical interventions in the preschool years.
Published: 2016

26. The Benefits of Reminiscing With Young Children

Author: Elaine Reese and Karen Salmon
Subjects: Poverty, Socioemotional selectivity theory, Autobiographical memory, 05 social sciences, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Cognition, Context (language use), Psychology, 050105 experimental psychology, General Psychology, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Developmental psychology, Psychopathology
Abstract: Parents talk about the past with their young children from the time their children can talk. There is robust evidence that when parents discuss the past in a detailed, emotional, and collaborative way (elaborative reminiscing), their children have stronger autobiographical memory skills. We review recent research showing that elaborative reminiscing also has significant benefits for children’s language and socioemotional skills. Importantly, these findings show that elaborative reminiscing is effective with children at risk of compromised development in the context of poverty, maltreatment, or psychopathology. Elaborative reminiscing appears to foster development by providing children with practice using challenging language, encouraging them to put their experiences into words, and optimizing memory for the information gained during conversations. Although further research in diverse cultures is required, reminiscing is a promising tool—available to all families—for promoting children’s cognitive and socioemotional development.
Published: 2016

27. An Update on the Clinical Utility of the Children's Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory

Author: Patrick Smith, Karen Salmon, Richard A. Bryant, Richard Meiser-Stedman, Reginald D. V. Nixon, Tim Dalgleish, Anna McKinnon, Clare Dixon, and William Yule
Subjects: 050103 clinical psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, 05 social sciences, Discriminant validity, Construct validity, Cognition, Factor structure, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Posttraumatic stress, Internal consistency, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Cutoff point, Psychology, Psychiatry, Reliability (statistics), 050104 developmental & child psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract: The Children's Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (CPTCI) is a self-report questionnaire that measures maladaptive cognitions in children and young people following exposure to trauma. In this study, the psychometric properties of the CPTCI were examined in further detail with the objective of furthering its utility as a clinical tool. Specifically, we investigated the CPTCI's discriminant validity, test-retest reliability, and the potential for the development of a short form of the measure. Three samples (London, East Anglia, Australia) of children and young people exposed to trauma (N = 535; 7-17 years old) completed the CPTCI and a structured clinical interview to measure posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms between 1 and 6 months following trauma. Test-retest reliability was investigated in a subsample of 203 cases. The results showed that a score in the range of 46 to 48 on the CPTCI was indicative of clinically significant appraisals as determined by the presence of PTSD. The measure also had moderate-to-high test-retest reliability (r = .78) over a 2-month period. The Children's Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory-Short Form (CPTCI-S) had excellent internal consistency (α = .92), and moderate-to-high test-retest reliability (r = .78). The examination of construct validity showed the model had an excellent fitting factor structure (Comparative Fit index = 0.95, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.91, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = .07). A score ranging from 16 to 18 was the best cutoff point on the CPTCI-S, in that it was indicative of clinically significant appraisals as determined by the presence of PTSD. Based on these results, we concluded that the CPTCI is a useful tool to support the practice of clinicians and that the CPTCI-S has excellent psychometric properties.
Published: 2016

28. Short- and longer-term effects of selective discussion of adolescents' autobiographical memories

Author: Jason Low, Karen Salmon, and Ruth Glynn
Subjects: Male, Adolescent, Memory, Episodic, Emotions, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Positive memories, Negative memories, 050105 experimental psychology, Cognition, polycyclic compounds, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, heterocyclic compounds, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Valence (psychology), Forgetting, Autobiographical memory, 05 social sciences, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, Retrieval-induced forgetting, Mental Recall, bacteria, Research questions, Female, Psychology, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: We investigated whether selective discussion leads to retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) for early to mid-adolescents’ positive and negative autobiographical memories after delays of 5 min and 1 day. Adolescents (13–15 years of age; N = 58) completed an adapted version of the RIF paradigm for adults’ emotionally valenced autobiographical memories. Following findings that RIF occurs for children’s positive and negative memories and adults’ negative autobiographical memories only, we posed three research questions. First, would RIF occur for adolescents’ autobiographical memories after a short delay? Second, would adolescents demonstrate an RIF valence effect? Third, would any RIF findings be replicated after a longer delay? We found RIF for negative memories after both a short and longer delay. We also found RIF for positive memories, but only after the longer delay. The potential mechanisms underpinning these findings are discussed.
Published: 2018

29. Parent–Child Construction of Personal Memories in Reminiscing Conversations: Implications for the Development and Treatment of Childhood Psychopathology

Author: Karen Salmon
Subjects: Child psychopathology, Psychology, Developmental psychology
Abstract: Strong theory and research implicates parent–child conversations about the past in the child’s development of critical skills, including autobiographical memory and understanding of emotion and minds. Yet very little research has focused on associations between reminiscing and the development of childhood psychopathology. This chapter considers what is known about reminiscing between parents and children where there is anxiety or conduct problems. These findings provide clues as to how children come to manifest difficulties in autobiographical memory and emotion competence. Thereafter, the text reviews studies that have attempted to alter the style and content of parent–child reminiscing in clinical populations. The full implications of parent–child reminiscing, as a rich context for children’s development, have yet to be realized in clinically relevant research.
Published: 2018

30. Assessment of functional capacity before major non-cardiac surgery: an international, prospective cohort study

Author: Tom E.F. Abbott, Johan Malherbe, Hannah Collins, Chang Joon Kim, Michelle Gertsman, Charmagne Crescini, Andrew MacCormick, Brigette Borg, J. Tai, Miriam Towns, Rene Belliard, Althea Ambosta, Rupert M Pearse, Mandeep Phull, H. Lawrence, Martin Rooms, Denny Z. H. Levett, Sandra Allen, Stuart A. McCluskey, Maria Koutra, Shaman Jhanji, Mathew Ellis, Fiona H. Marshall, Kevin E. Thorpe, Sally Hurford, Anna Tippett, Colin J. L. McCartney, Adrian Hall, Gareth L. Ackland, Paul Oh, K. Pirie, T. Ahmad, Harindra C. Wijeysundera, R Kerridge, Miriam Abolfathi, J. Douglas, Rhiannon Lifford, Simon Macklin, C. David Mazer, Edyta Niebrzegowska, Alanna Bodger, Magda Melo, J. Whalley, Marta Januszewska, Julian Dimech, Pheobe Bodger, Alistair Brown, Ann Kennedy, Douglas M Campbell, S. Olliff, Angela Jerath, Anna Maria Carrera, Anmol Yagnik, Bernhard Riedel, Andrew Murmane, Philip Masel, Manuel Pinto, Sanjay Yagnik, N Terblanche, Paul S. Myles, Leanlove Navarra, Sophie Wallace, W. Scott Beattie, Robert C M Stephens, Pal Sivalingam, Helder Filipe, Thais Creary, Geraldine Back, Guy Godsall, Natasha Tantony, Stephen Choi, Ellen Waymouth, Kirsty Everingham, Adrian D. Elliott, Chris Wilde, Sandy Jack, Natalie McMillan, Katherine Steele, Mark A Shulman, Mark J. Edwards, Helen Houston, Vincent W. S. Chan, Catherine Farrington, Lauren Day, Kushlin Higgie, Hugh Taylor, Shelly Au, John Brannan, Clare Bolger, Bruce Thompson, Andrew Melville, John Grant, Katherine Hagen, Paul Dalley, Daniel Martin, Reuben Miller, Muhammad Mamdani, Hilmy Ismail, Harry Sivakumar, Karen Salmon, N. Ami, Joanne Samuel, Graham S. Hillis, D. Bramley, H. Thompson, Ravishanar Raobaikady, Michael Lorimer, Andrew Collingwood, Yesim Kirabiyik, Michael Celinski, Ewan Wright, Usha Gurunathan, R. Sara, Carmen Corriea, Sharon Gabriel, Emma Smith, Lynn Andrews, Janarthanee Kunasingam, Ryan Jang, Kim Golder, Hance Clarke, Laura Gallego-Paredes, Kate Leslie, Jane McNeil, Thomas Painter, Timothy G. Short, Mari Liis Pakats, Brian H. Cuthbertson, Adelaide Jason-Smith, Bryony Tyrell, K. Flores, D. Mcallister, Samantha Bates, Anna Reyes, Helen A. Lindsay, Jonathan Kumar, John Granton, Richard Brull, Nicola Beauchamp, Marcin Wasowicz, Duminda N. Wijeysundera, Leanne Seaward, Kate Brunello, Mark Lum, Jeffrey J. Pretto, Lisa Loughney, Ethel Black, Ying Hu, Simon Pitt, Chris Stonell, Marlynn Ali, Ashok Raj, Kay Kenchington, Matthew Stanbrook, Michael P.W. Grocott, Annette Dent, Anna Hunt, Sarah James, A.M. Southcott, Joreline Van Der Westhuizen, Keyvan Karkouti, Ana Gutierrez del Arroyo, J. Pazmino-Canizares, N Macdonald, Leanna Lee, Richard Haslop, K. Greaves, Stephen Kynaston, Bernard L. Croal, Elizabeth B. Torres, Karen Dobson, Christian M. Beilstein, Christopher X. Wong, Oystein Tronstad, and P. Somascanthan
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Internationality, Health Status, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Risk Assessment, Sensitivity and Specificity, Metabolic equivalent, Coronary artery disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, 030202 anesthesiology, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain, medicine, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Stroke, Aged, Exercise Tolerance, business.industry, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Peptide Fragments, Heart failure, Emergency medicine, Exercise Test, Female, Risk assessment, business
Abstract: Summary Background Functional capacity is an important component of risk assessment for major surgery. Doctors' clinical subjective assessment of patients' functional capacity has uncertain accuracy. We did a study to compare preoperative subjective assessment with alternative markers of fitness (cardiopulmonary exercise testing [CPET], scores on the Duke Activity Status Index [DASI] questionnaire, and serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [NT pro-BNP] concentrations) for predicting death or complications after major elective non-cardiac surgery. Methods We did a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study at 25 hospitals: five in Canada, seven in the UK, ten in Australia, and three in New Zealand. We recruited adults aged at least 40 years who were scheduled for major non-cardiac surgery and deemed to have one or more risk factors for cardiac complications (eg, a history of heart failure, stroke, or diabetes) or coronary artery disease. Functional capacity was subjectively assessed in units of metabolic equivalents of tasks by the responsible anaesthesiologists in the preoperative assessment clinic, graded as poor ( 10). All participants also completed the DASI questionnaire, underwent CPET to measure peak oxygen consumption, and had blood tests for measurement of NT pro-BNP concentrations. After surgery, patients had daily electrocardiograms and blood tests to measure troponin and creatinine concentrations until the third postoperative day or hospital discharge. The primary outcome was death or myocardial infarction within 30 days after surgery, assessed in all participants who underwent both CPET and surgery. Prognostic accuracy was assessed using logistic regression, receiver-operating-characteristic curves, and net risk reclassification. Findings Between March 1, 2013, and March 25, 2016, we included 1401 patients in the study. 28 (2%) of 1401 patients died or had a myocardial infarction within 30 days of surgery. Subjective assessment had 19·2% sensitivity (95% CI 14·2–25) and 94·7% specificity (93·2–95·9) for identifying the inability to attain four metabolic equivalents during CPET. Only DASI scores were associated with predicting the primary outcome (adjusted odds ratio 0·96, 95% CI 0·83–0·99; p=0·03). Interpretation Subjectively assessed functional capacity should not be used for preoperative risk evaluation. Clinicians could instead consider a measure such as DASI for cardiac risk assessment. Funding Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science, UK National Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, UK Clinical Research Collaboration, Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists, and Monash University.
Published: 2018

31. The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery

Author: T.E.F. Abbott, T. Ahmad, M.K. Phull, A.J. Fowler, R. Hewson, B.M. Biccard, M.S. Chew, M. Gillies, R.M. Pearse, Rupert M. Pearse, Scott Beattie, Pierre-Alain Clavien, Nicolas Demartines, Lee A. Fleisher, Mike Grocott, James Haddow, Andreas Hoeft, Peter Holt, Rui Moreno, Naomi Pritchard, Andrew Rhodes, Duminda Wijeysundera, Matt Wilson, Tahania Ahmed, Kirsty Everingham, Russell Hewson, Marta Januszewska, Mandeep-Kaur Phull, Richard Halliwell, Mark Shulman, Paul Myles, Werner Schmid, Michael Hiesmayr, Patrick Wouters, Stefan de Hert, Suzana Lobo, Xiangming Fang, Lars Rasmussen, Emmanuel Futier, Matthieu Biais, Aurélien Venara, Karem Slim, Michael Sander, Despoina Koulenti, Kostoula Arvaniti, Mathew Chan, Atul Kulkarni, Susilo Chandra, Aida Tantri, Emad Geddoa, Muntadhar Abbas, Giorgio Della Rocca, Datin Sivasakthi, Marzida Mansor, Pastor Luna, Arthur Bouwman, Wolfgang Buhre, Vanessa Beavis, Douglas Campbell, Tim Short, Tunde Osinaike, Ricardo Matos, Ioana Grigoras, Mikhail Kirov, Denis Protsenko, Bruce Biccard, Cesar Aldecoa, Michelle Chew, Christoph Hofer, Martin Hubner, James Ditai, Tamas Szakmany, Lee Fleisher, Marissa Ferguson, Michael MacMahon, Ritchie Cherian, Helen Currow, Kathirgamanathan Kanathiban, David Gillespie, Edward Pathmanathan, Katherine Phillips, Jenifer Reynolds, Joanne Rowley, Jeanene Douglas, Ross Kerridge, Sameer Garg, Michael Bennett, Megha Jain, David Alcock, Nico Terblanche, Rochelle Cotter, Kate Leslie, Marcelle Stewart, Nicolette Zingerle, Antony Clyde, Oliver Hambidge, Adam Rehak, Sharon Cotterell, Wilson Binh Quan Huynh, Timothy McCulloch, Erez Ben-Menachem, Thomas Egan, Jennifer Cope, Paul Fellinger, Markus Haisjackl, Simone Haselberger, Caroline Holaubek, Paul Lichtenegger, Florian Scherz, Franz Hoffer, Veronika Cakova, Andreas Eichwalder, Norbert Fischbach, Reinhold Klug, Elisabeth Schneider, Martin Vesely, Reinhart Wickenhauser, Karl Gernot Grubmueller, Marion Leitgeb, Friedrich Lang, Nancy Toro, Marlene Bauer, Friedrich Laengle, Claudia Haberl, Thomas Mayrhofer, Christoph Trybus, Christian Buerkle, Karin Forstner, Reinhard Germann, Harald Rinoesl, Elke Schindler, Ernst Trampitsch, Gerhard Bogner, Daniel Dankl, Martin Duenser, Gerhard Fritsch, Ilse Gradwohl-Matis, Andreas Hartmann, Thomas Hoelzenbein, Tarkan Jaeger, Franz Landauer, Gregor Lindl, Michael Lux, Johannes Steindl, Ottokar Stundner, Christian Szabo, Jawad Bidgoli, Hans Verdoodt, Patrice Forget, David Kahn, Fernande Lois, Mona Momeni, Caroline Prégardien, Audrey Pospiech, Arnaud Steyaert, Laurent Veevaete, Dirk De Kegel, Karen De Jongh, Luc Foubert, Carine Smitz, Marcel Vercauteren, Jan Poelaert, Veerle Van Mossevelde, Jacques Abeloos, Stefaan Bouchez, Marc Coppens, Luc De Baerdemaeker, Isabel Deblaere, Ann De Bruyne, Kristine Fonck, Bjorn Heyse, Tom Jacobs, Koen Lapage, Anneliese Moerman, Martine Neckebroek, Aliaksandra Parashchanka, Nathalie Roels, Nancy Van Den Eynde, Michael Vandenheuvel, JurgenVan Limmen, Ann Vanluchene, Caroline Vanpeteghem, Piet Wyffels, Christel Huygens, Punitha Vandenbempt, Marc Van de Velde, Dimitri Dylst, Bruno Janssen, Evelien Schreurs, Fábia Berganton Aleixo, Keulle Candido, Hugo Dias Batista, Mario Guimarães, Jaqueline Guizeline, João Hoffmann, Francisco Ricardo Marques Lobo, Vinícius Nascimento, Katia Nishiyama, Lucas Pazetto, Daniela Souza, Rodrigo Souza Rodrigues, Ana Maria Vilela dos Santos, Jaquelline Jardim, Luiz Marcelo Sá Malbouisson, Joao Silva, Paulo do Nascimento Junior, Thalissa Hermínia Baio, Gabriel Isaac Pereira de Castro, Henri Roger Watanabe Oliveira, Cristina Prata Amendola, Gutemberg Cardoso, Daniela Ortega, Ana Flavia Brotto, Mirella Cristine De Oliveira, Álvaro Réa-Neto, Fernando Dias, Maria Eduarda Travi, Luiza Zerman, Pedro Azambuja, Marcos Freitas Knibel, Antonio Martins, William Almeida, Calim Neder Neto, Maria Angela Tardelli, Eliana Caser, Marcio Machado, Crisitiano Aguzzoli, Sérgio Baldisserotto, Fernanda Beck Tabajara, Fernanda Bettega, La Hore Correa Rodrigues Júnior, Julia de Gasperi, Lais Faina, Marcos Farias Nolasco, Bruna Ferreira da Costa Fischer, Mariana Fosch de Campos Ferreira, Cristina Hartmann, Marta Kliemann, Gustavo Luis Hubert Ribeiro, Julia Merladete Fraga, Thiago Motta Netto, Laura Valduga Pozza, Paulo Rafael Wendling, Caroline Azevedo, Juliana Garcia, Marcel Lopes, Bernardo Maia, Paula Maselli, Ralph Melo, Weslley Mendes, Matheus Neves, Jacqueline Ney, Claudio Piras, Christopher Applewhaite, Adrienne Carr, Lorraine Chow, Kaylene Duttchen, Julena Foglia, Michael Greene, Ashley Hinther, Kendra Houston, Thomas Jared McCormick, Jennifer Mikhayel, Sam Montasser, Alex Ragan, Andrew Suen, Adrianna Woolsey, Hai Chuan Yu, Duane Funk, Stephen Kowalski, Regina Legaspi, Heather McDonald, Faisal Siddiqui, Jeremy Pridham, Bernadette Rowe, Sonia Sampson, Barton Thiessen, Geoff Zbitnew, Andre Bernard, Ronald George, Philip Jones, Rita Moor, Naveed Siddiqui, Alexandra Wolfer, Diem Tran, Denyse Winch, Gary Dobson, Thomas McCormick, Osama Montasser, Richard Hall, Leyla Baghirzada, Gerard Curley, Si Yuan Dai, Gregory Hare, Esther Lee, Uma Shastri, Albert Tsui, Anmol Yagnik, Danielle Alvares, Stephen Choi, Heather Dwyer, Kathrina Flores, Colin McCartney, Priya Somascanthan, Jo Carroll, Janneth Pazmino-Canizares, Noam Ami, Vincent Chan, Anahi Perlas, Ruth Argue, Yang Huang, Katie Lavis, Kelly Mayson, Ying Cao, Hong Gao, Tingju Hu, Jie Lv, Jian Yang, Yang Yang, Yi Zhong, Jing Zhou, Xiaohua Zou, Miao He, Xiaoying Li, Dihuan Luo, Haiying Wang, Tian Yu, Liyong Chen, Lijun Wang, Yunfei Cai, Zhongming Cao, Yanling Li, Jiaxin Lian, Haiyun Sun, Sheng Wang, Zhipeng Wang, Kenru Wang, Yi Zhu, Xindan Du, Hao Fan, Yunbin Fu, Lixia Huang, Yanming Huang, Haifang Hwan, Hong Luo, Pi-Sheng Qu, Fan Tao, Zhen Wang, Guoxiang Wang, Shun Wang, Yan Zhang, Xiaolin Zhang, Chao Chen, Weixing Wang, Zhengyuan Liu, Lihua Fan, Jing Tang, Yijun Chen, Yongjie Chen, Yangyang Han, Changshun Huang, Guojin Liang, Jing Shen, Jun Wang, Qiuhong Yang, Jungang Zhen, Haidong Zhou, Junping Chen, Zhang Chen, Xiaoyu Li, Bo Meng, Haiwang Ye, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yanbing Bi, Jianqiao Cao, Fengying Guo, Hong Lin, Yang Liu, Meng Lv, Pengcai Shi, Xiumei Song, Chuanyu Sun, Yongtao Sun, Yuelan Wang, Shenhui Wang, Min Zhang, Rong Chen, Jiabao Hou, Yan Leng, Qing-tao Meng, Li Qian, Zi-ying Shen, Zhong-yuan Xia, Rui Xue, Yuan Zhang, Bo Zhao, Xian-jin Zhou, Qiang Chen, Huinan Guo, Yongqing Guo, Yuehong Qi, Zhi Wang, Jianfeng Wei, Weiwei Zhang, Lina Zheng, Qi Bao, Yaqiu Chen, Yijiao Chen, Yue Fei, Nianqiang Hu, Xuming Hu, Min Lei, Xiaoqin Li, Xiaocui Lv, Fangfang Miao, Lingling Ouyang, Lu Qian, Conyu Shen, Yu Sun, Yuting Wang, Dong Wang, Chao Wu, Liyuan Xu, Jiaqi Yuan, Lina Zhang, Huan Zhang, Yapping Zhang, Jinning Zhao, Chong Zhao, Lei Zhao, Tianzhao Zheng, Dachun Zhou, Haiyan Zhou, Ce Zhou, Kaizhi Lu, Ting Zhao, Changlin He, Hong Chen, Shasha Chen, Baoli Cheng, Jie He, Lin Jin, Caixia Li, Hui Li, Yuanming Pan, Yugang Shi, Xiao Hong Wen, Shuijing Wu, Guohao Xie, Kai Zhang, Bing Zhao, Xianfu Lu, Feifei Chen, Qisheng Liang, Xuewu Lin, Yunzhi Ling, Gang Liu, Jing Tao, Lu Yang, Jialong Zhou, Fumei Chen, Zhonggui Cheng, Hanying Dai, Yunlin Feng, Benchao Hou, Haixia Gong, Chun hua Hu, Haijin Huang, Jian Huang, Zhangjie Jiang, Mengyuan Li, Jiamei Lin, Mei Liu, Weicheng Liu, Zhen Liu, Zhiyi Liu, Foquan Luo, Longxian Ma, Jia Min, Xiaoyun Shi, Zhiping Song, Xianwen Wan, Yingfen Xiong, Lin Xu, Shuangjia Yang, Qin Zhang, Hongyan Zhang, Huaigen Zhang, Xuekang Zhang, Lili Zhao, Weihong Zhao, Weilu Zhao, Xiaoping Zhu, Yun Bai, Linbi Chen, Sijia Chen, Qinxue Dai, Wujun Geng, Kunyuan Han, Xin He, Luping Huang, Binbin Ji, Danyun Jia, Shenhui Jin, Qianjun Li, Dongdong Liang, Shan Luo, Lulu Lwang, Yunchang Mo, Yuanyuan Pan, Xinyu Qi, Meizi Qian, Jinling Qin, Yelong Ren, Yiyi Shi, Junlu Wang, Junkai Wang, Leilei Wang, Junjie Xie, Yixiu Yan, Yurui Yao, Mingxiao Zhang, Jiashi Zhao, Xiuxiu Zhuang, Yanqiu Ai, Fang Du, Long He, Ledan Huang, Zhisong Li, Huijuan Li, Yetong Li, Liwei Li, Su Meng, Yazhuo Yuan, Enman Zhang, Jie Zhang, Shuna Zhao, Zhenrong Ji, Ling Pei, Li Wang, Chen Chen, Beibei Dong, Jing Li, Ziqiang Miao, Hongying Mu, Chao Qin, Lin Su, Zhiting 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Wang, Fei Wang, Chi Wu, Xiaoguang Zhang, Ida Cecilie Christiansen, Simon Nørgaard Granum, Bodil Steen Rasmussen, Morten Daugaard, Rajiv Gambhir, Birgitte Brandsborg, Guðný Erla Steingrímsdóttir, Peter Jensen-Gadegaard, Karsten Skovgaard Olsen, Hanna Siegel, Katrine Zwicky Eskildsen, Mona Ring Gätke, Ida Wibrandt, Simon Bisgaard Heintzelmann, Kai Henrik Wiborg Lange, Rune Sarauw Lundsgaard, Louise Amstrup-Hansen, Claus Hovendal, Michael Larsen, Mette Lenstrup, Tina Kobborg, Jens Rolighed Larsen, Anette Barbre Pedersen, Søren Hübertz Smith, Rebecca Monett Oestervig, Arash Afshari, Cheme Andersen, Kim Ekelund, Erik Lilja Secher, Helene Beloeil, Sigismond Lasocki, Alexandre Ouattara, Marlene Sineus, Serge Molliex, Marie Lim Legouge, Florent Wallet, Antoine Tesniere, Christophe Gaudin, Paul Lehur, Emma Forsans, Stéphane de Rudnicki, Valerie Serra Maudet, Didier Mutter, Ghassan Sojod, Mehdi Ouaissi, Jean-Marc Regimbeau, Jacques Desbordes, Nicolas Comptaer, Diae el Manser, Sabine Ethgen, 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Visvalingam, Fan Yin Kwok, Chew Kiok Lee, Tse Siang Tan, Sze Meng Wong, Noor Hairiza Abdullah, Chiat Fong Liew, Lovenia Luxuman, Nor Hafizah Mohd Zin, Muhamad Faiz Norddin, Raja Liza Raja Alias, Juan Yong Wong, Johnny Yong, Mohd Tarmimi Bin Mustapha, Weng Ken Chan, Norizawati Dzulkipli, Pei Xuan Kuan, Yew Ching Lee, Anita Alias, Eng Ching Guok, Chiun Chen Jee, Brian Rhadamantyne Ramon, Cheng Weng Wong, Fara Nur Idayu Abd Ghafar, Faizal Zuhri Aziz, Nabilah Hussain, Hooi Sean Lee, Ismawaty Sukawi, Yuan Liang Woon, Husni Zaeem Abd Hadi, Ummi Azmira Ahmad Azam, Abdul Hafiz Alias, Saiful Aizar Kesut, Jun May Lee, Dar Vin Ooi, Hetty Ayuni Sulaiman, Tengku Alini Tengku Lih, Jeyaganesh Veerakumaran, Eder Rojas, Gerardo Esteban Alvarez Resendiz, Darcy Danitza Mari Zapata, Julio Cesar Jesús Aguilar López, Armando Adolfo Alvarez Flores, Juan Carlos Bravo Amador, Erendira Jocelin Dominguez Avila, Laura Patricia González Aquino, Ricardo Lopez Rodriguez, Mariana Torres Landa, Emma Urias, Markus Hollmann, Abraham Hulst, Osne Kirzner Benedikt Preckel, Ankie Koopman-van Gemert, Marc Buise, Noortje Tolenaar, Eric Weber, Jennifer de Fretes, Peter Houweling, Patricia Ormskerk, Jasper Van Bommel, Marcus Lance, Valerie Smit-Fun, Tom van Zundert, Peter Baas, Hans Donald de Boer, Joost Sprakel, Renske Elferink-Vonk, Peter Noordzij, Laura van Zeggeren, Bastiaan Brand, Rob Spanjersberg, Janneke ten Bokkel-Andela, Sandra Numan, Wilton van Klei, Bas van Zaane, Christa Boer, Yoni van Duivenvoorde, Jens Peter Hering, Sylvia van Rossum, Harry Zonneveldt, Doug Campbell, Siobhan Hoare, Sahayam Santa, Marlynn Ali, Sara Jane Allen, Rachel Bell, Hyun-min David Choi, Matthew Drake, Helen Farrell, Katia Hayes, Kushlin Higgie, Kerry Holmes, Nicole Jenkins, Chang Joon Kim, Steven Kim, Kiew Chai Law, Davina McAllister, Karen Park, Karen Pedersen, Leesa Pfeifer, Anna Pozaroszczyk, Timothy Salmond, Martin Steynor, Michael Tan, Ellen Waymouth, Ahmad Sufian Ab Rahman, John Armstrong, Rosie Dudson, Nia 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Biccard, Thuli Biyase, Ines Buccimazza, Jorge Cardosa, James Chen, Bhavika Daya, Leanne Drummond, Ali Elabib, Ehab Helmy Abdel Goad, Ismail E. Goga, Riaz Goga, R. Harrichandparsad, Richard E. Hodgson, J. Jordaan, Nicky Kalafatis, Christian Kampik, A.T. Landers, Emil Loots, Rajhmum Madansein, Anil Madaree, Thandinkosi E. Madiba, Vukani T. Manzini, Mbali Mbuyisa, Rajan Moodley, Mduduzi Msomi, Innocent Mukama, Desigan Naidoo, Rubeshan Naidoo, Tesuven K. Naidu, Sindiswa Ntloko, Eneshia Padayachee, Lucelle Padayachee, Martijn Phaff, Bala Pillay, Desigan Pillay, Lutchmee Pillay, Anupa Ramnarain, Suren R. Ramphal, Paul Ryan, Ahmed Saloojee, Motshedisi Sebitloane, Noluyolo Sigcu, Jenna L. 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Luz Serrano, Eduardo Alonso, Victor Anillo, Emilio Maseda, Patricia Salgado, Luis Suarez, Alejandro Suarez-de-la-Rica, María José Villagrán, José Ignacio Alonso, Estefania Cabezuelo, Irene Garcia-Saiz, Olga Lopez del Moral, Silvia Martín, Alba Perez Gonzalez, Ma Sherezade Tovar Doncel, Martin Agüero Vera, Francisco José Ávila Sánchez, Beatriz Castaño, Beatriz Castaño Moreira, Sahely Flores Risco, Daniel Paz Martín, Fernando Pérez Martín, Paloma Poza, Adela Ruiz, Wilson Fabio Serna Martínez, Bárbara Vázquez Vicente, Saul Velaz Dominguez, Salvador Fernández, Alfonso Munoz-López, Maria Jose Bernat, Arantxa Mas, Kenneth Planas, Monir Jawad, Yousif Saeed, Annika Hedin, Helena Levander, Sandra Holmström, David Lönn, Frank Zoerner, Irene Åkring, Carl Widmark, Jan Zettergren, Victor Aspelund Liljequist, Lena Nystrom, Suzanne Odeberg-Wernerman, Anders Oldner, Malin Jonsson Fagerlund, Patrik Reje, Sara Lyckner, Jesper Sperber, Anne Adolfsson, Bengt Klarin, Katrin Ögren, Jean-Pierre Barras, Thomas Bührer, Vasileios Despotidis, Naeder Helmy, Stephan Holliger, Dimitri Aristotle Raptis, Roger Schmid, Antoine Meyer, Yves Jaquet, Ulf Kessler, Mirza Muradbegovic, Solange R. Nahum, Teresa Rotunno, Boris Schiltz, François Voruz, Marc Worreth, Dimitri Christoforidis, Sotirios Georgios Popeskou, Markus Furrer, Gian Andrea Prevost, Andrea Stocker, Klaus Lang, Stefan Breitenstein, Michael T. Ganter, Martin Geisen, Christopher Soll, Michelle Korkmaz, Iris Lubach, Michael Schmitz, Moritz Meyer zu Schwabedissen, Meyer zu Schwabedissen Moritz, Urs Zingg, Thomas Hillermann, Stefan Wildi, Bernardo Bollen Pinto, Bernhard Walder, Giustina Mariotti, Ksenija Slankamenac, Mirioce Namuyuga, Edward Kyomugisha, Olivia Kituuka, Anne Wesonga Shikanda, Nasser Kakembo, Charles Otim Tom, Webombesa Antonina, Emmanuel Bua, Eden Michael Ssettabi, Joseph Epodoi, Fiona Kabagenyi, Fred Kirya, Ged Dempsey, Colette Seasman, Raja Basit Nawaz Khan, Claire Kurasz, Mark Macgregor, Burhan Shawki, Daren Francis, Vimal Hariharan, Simon Chau, Kate Ellis, Georgina Butt, Dennis-Wayne Chicken, Natasha Christmas, Samantha Allen, Gayatri Daniel Daniel, Angie Dempster, Juliette Kemp, Lewis Matthews, Philip Mcglone, Joanne Tambellini, Dawn Trodd, Katie Freitas, Atul Garg, Janesh Kumar Gupta, Shilpaja Karpate, Aditi Kulkarni, Chloe O'Hara, Jtroko Troko, Kirsty Angus, Jacqueline Bradley, Emma Brennan, Carolyn Brooks, Janette Brown, Gemma Brown, Amanda Finch, Karen Gratrix, Sue Hesketh, Gillian Hill, Carol Jeffs, Maureen Morgan, Chris Pemberton, Nicola Slawson, Helen Spickett, Gemma Swarbrick, Megan Thomas, Greta Van Duyvenvoorde, Andrew Brennan, Richard Briscoe, Sarah Cooper, Tom Lawton, Martin Northey, Rashmi Senaratne, Helen Stanworth, Lorna Burrows, Helen Cain, Rachael Craven, Keith Davies, Attila Jonas, Marcin Pachucki, Graham Walkden, Helen Davies, Mariethel Gudaca, Maria Hobrok, Dilshan Arawwawala, Lauren Fergey, Matthew Gardiner, Jacqueline Gunn, Lyndsay Johnson, Amanda Lofting, Amanda Lyle, Fiona Mc Neela, Susan Smolen, Joanne Topliffe, Sarah Williams, Martin Bland, Packianathaswamy Balaji, Vikas Kaura, Prasad Lanka, Neil Smith, Ahmed Ahmed, John Myatt, Ravikiran Shenoy, Wai Cheong Soon, Jessica Tan, Sunny Karadia, James Self, Emma Durant, Shiva Tripathi, Clare Bullock, Debbie Campbell, Alison Ghosh, Thomas Hughes, Lajos Zsisku, Sheshagiri Bengeri, Amanda Cowton, Mohammed Shazad Khalid, James Limb, Colin McAdam, Mandy Porritt, M. Amir Rafi, Priya Shekar, David Adams, Catherine Harden, Heidi Hollands, Angela King, Linda March, Gary Minto, Abigail Patrick, Rosalyn Squire, Darren Waugh, Paramesh Kumara, Karen Simeson, Jamie Yarwood, Julie Browning, Jonathan Hatton, Howes Julian, Atideb Mitra, Maria Newton, Pawan Kootelu Pernu, Alison Wilson, Thelma Commey, Helen Foot, Lyn Glover, Ajay Gupta, Nicola Lancaster, Jill Levin, Felicity Mackenzie, Claire Mestanza, Emma Nofal, Lauren Pout, Rosanna Varden, Jonathan Wild, Stephanie Jones, Sarah Moreton, Mark Pulletz, Charlotte Davies, Matthew Martin, Sian Thomas, Karen Burns, Carol McArthur, Panna Patel, Gary Lau, Natalie Rich, Fiona Davis, Rachel Lyons, Beth Port, Rachel Prout, Christopher Smith, Yemi Adelaja, Victoria Bennett, Heena Bidd, Alexandra Dumitrescu, Jacqui Fox Murphy, Abigail Keen, Nhlanhla Mguni, Cheng Ong, George Adams, Piers Boshier, Richard Brown, Izabella Butryn, Jayanta Chatterjee, Alexander Freethy, Geoffrey Lockwood, Maria Tsakok, Sophia Tsiligiannis, William Peat, Lorraine Stephenson, Mike Bradburn, Sara Pick, Pedro Cunha, Olufemi Olagbaiye, Salim Tayeh, Balaji Packianathaswamy, Caroline Abernethy, Madhu Balasubramaniam, Rachael Bennett, David Bolton, Victoria Martinson, Charde Naylor, Stephanie Bell, Blaylock Heather, Vlad Kushakovsky, Liam Alcock, Hazel Alexander, Colette Anderson, Paul Baker, Morag Brookes, Louise Cawthorn, Emanuel Cirstea, Rachel Clarkson, Kerry Colling, Ian Coulter, Suparna Das, Kathryn Haigh, Alhafidz Hamdan, Keith Hugill, Lucksy Kottam, Emily Lisseter, Matthew Mawdsley, Julie McGivern, Krishnaveni Padala, Victoria Phelps, Vineshykaa Ramesh kumar, Kirsten Stewart, Kayley Towse, Julie Tregonning, Ali Vahedi, Alycon Walker, Duncan Baines, Anjali Bilolikar, Shiv Chande, Edward Copley, Nigel Dunk, Raghavendra Kulkarni, Pawan Kumar, Yavor Metodiev, Dumisani Ncomanzi, Bhavesh Raithatha, Parizade Raymode, Jan Szafranski, Linda Twohey, Philip Watt, Lucie Weatherall, J. Weatherill, Zoe Whitman, Elinor Wighton, Chamika Abayasinghe, Alexander Chan, Sharif Darwish, James Gill, Emma Glasgow, Daniel Hadfield, Clair Harris, Phil Hopkins, Arun Kochhar, Gudrun Kunst, Clare Mellis, Andrew Pool, Paul Riozzi, Andrew Selman, Emma-Jane Smith, Liana Vele, Yuksel Gercek, Kramer Guy, Douglas Holden, Nicholas Watson, Karen Whysall, Prematie Andreou, Dawn Hales, Jonathan Thompson, Sarah Bowrey, Shara McDonald, Jemma Gilmore, Vicky Hills, Chan Kelly, Sinead Kelly, Geraint Lloyd, Tom Abbott, Lewis Gall, Hew Torrance, Mark Vivian, Emer Berntsen, Tracey Nolan, Angus Turner, Akbar Vohra, Andrew Brown, Richard Clark, Elaine Coughlan, Conway Daniel, Chinmay Patvardhan, Rachel Pearson, Sheba Predeep, Hesham Saad, Mohanakrishnan Shanmugam, Simon Varley, Katharine Wylie, Lucy Cooper, Arystarch Makowski, Beata Misztal, Eliza Moldovan, Claire Pegg, Andrew Donovan, Jayne Foot, Simon Large, Andrew Claxton, Bhagyashree Netke, Richard Armstrong, Claire Calderwood, Andy Kwok, Otto 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Craw N, Craw S, Pitt-Kerby T, Rowland-Axe R, Spurdle K, McDonald A, Simon D, Sinha V, Smith T, Banner-Goodspeed V, Boone M, Campbell K, Lu F, Scannell J, Sobol J, Balajonda N, Clemmons K, Conde C, Elgasim M, Funk B, Hall R, Hopkins T, Olaleye O, Omer O, Pender M, Porto A, Stevens A, Waweru P, Yeh E, Bodansky D, Evans A, Kleopoulos S, Maril R, Mathney E, Sanchez A, Tinuoye E, Bateman B, Eng K, Jiang N, Ladha K, Needleman J, Chen LL, Lane R, Robinowitz D, Ghushe N, Irshad M, O'Connor J, Patel S, Takemoto S, Wallace A, Mazzeffi M, Rock P, Wallace K, Zhu X, Chua P, Mattera M, Sharar R, Thilen S, Treggiari M, Morgan A, Sofjan I, Subramaniam K, Avidan M, Maybrier H, Muench M, Wildes T., Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Queen Mary University of London [QMUL], Graduate School, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, 01 Internal and external specialisms, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, AGEM - Endocrinology, metabolism and nutrition, APH - Quality of Care, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, ACS - Microcirculation, Pearse, R M, International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISO), Group, Zangrillo, A, Landoni, G, Beretta, L., International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS) group, Pearse, R.M., Beattie, S., Clavien, P.A., Demartines, N., Fleisher, L.A., Grocott, M., Haddow, J., Hoeft, A., Holt, P., Moreno, R., Pritchard, N., Rhodes, A., Wijeysundera, D., Wilson, M., Ahmed, T., Everingham, K., Hewson, R., Januszewska, M., Phull, M.K., Halliwell, R., Shulman, M., Myles, P., Schmid, W., Hiesmayr, M., Wouters, P., de Hert, S., Lobo, S., Fang, X., Rasmussen, L., Futier, E., Biais, M., Venara, A., Slim, K., Sander, M., Koulenti, D., Arvaniti, K., Chan, M., Kulkarni, A., Chandra, S., Tantri, A., Geddoa, E., Abbas, M., Della Rocca, G., Sivasakthi, D., Mansor, M., Luna, P., Bouwman, A., Buhre, W., Beavis, V., Campbell, D., Short, T., Osinaike, T., Matos, R., Grigoras, I., Kirov, M., Protsenko, D., 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Eskildsen, K.Z., Gätke, M.R., Wibrandt, I., Heintzelmann, S.B., Wiborg Lange, K.H., Lundsgaard, R.S., Amstrup-Hansen, L., Hovendal, C., Larsen, M., Lenstrup, M., Kobborg, T., Larsen, J.R., Pedersen, A.B., Smith, S.H., Oestervig, R.M., Afshari, A., Andersen, C., Ekelund, K., Secher, E.L., Beloeil, H., Lasocki, S., Ouattara, A., Sineus, M., Molliex, S., Legouge, M.L., Wallet, F., Tesniere, A., Gaudin, C., Lehur, P., Forsans, E., de Rudnicki, S., Maudet, V.S., Mutter, D., Sojod, G., Ouaissi, M., Regimbeau, J.M., Desbordes, J., Comptaer, N., Manser, D.E., Ethgen, S., Lebuffe, G., Auer, P., Härtl, C., Deja, M., Legashov, K., Sonnemann, S., Wiegand-Loehnert, C., Falk, E., Habicher, M., Angermair, S., Laetsch, B., Schmidt, K., Von Heymann, C., Ramminger, A., Jelschen, F., Pabel, S., Weyland, A., Czeslick, E., Gille, J., Malcharek, M., Sablotzki, A., Lueke, K., Wetzel, P., Weimann, J., Lenhart, F.P., Reichle, F., Schirmer, F., Hüppe, M., Klotz, K., Nau, C., Schön, J., Mencke, T., Wasmund, C., 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Stafylaraki, M., Gaitanakis, S., Karydakis, P., Paltoglou, J., Ponireas, P., Chaloulis, P., Provatidis, A., Sousana, A., Gardikou, V.V., Konstantivelli, M., Lataniotou, O., Lisari, E., Margaroni, M., Stamatiou, K., Nikolaidis, E., Pnevmatikos, I., Sertaridou, E., Andreou, A., Arkalaki, E., Athanasakis, E., Chaniotaki, F., Chatzimichali, C.A., Christofaki, M., Dermitzaki, D., Fiorentza, K., Frantzeskos, G., Geromarkaki, E., Kafkalaki, K., Kalogridaki, M., Karydi, K., Kokkini, S., Kougentakis, G., Lefaki, T., Lilitsis, E., Makatounaki, A., Malliotakis, P., Michelakis, D., Neonaki, M., Nyktari, V., Palikyra, I., Papadakis, E., Papaioannou, A., Sfakianakis, K., Sgouraki, M., Souvatzis, X., Spartinou, A., Stefanidou, N., Syrogianni, P., Tsagkaraki, G., Arnaoutoglou, E., Arnaoutoglou, C., Bali, C., Bouris, V., Doumos, R., Gkini, K.P., Kapaktsi, C., Koulouras, V., Lena, A., Lepida, D., Michos, E., Papadopoulos, D., Paschopoulos, M., Rompou, V.A., Siouti, I., Tsampalas, S., Ververidou, O., Zilis, G., Charlalampidoy, A., Christodoulidis, G., Flossos, A., Stamoulis, K., Tsang, MSC, Tsang, M.S., Lai, M.L., Yip, C.P., Heymans Chan, H.M., Law, B., Li, W.S., Chu, H.M., Koo, EGY, Lam, CCJ, Cheng, K.H., Lam, T., Chu, S., Lam, W.Y., Wong, KWK, Kwok, D., Hung, CYJ, Chan, WKJ, Wong, W.L., Chung, CKE, Ma, S.K., Kaushik, S., Shah, B., Shah, D., Shah, S., Ar, P., Muthuchellappan, R., Agarwal, V., Divatia, J., Mishra, S., Nimje, G., Pande, S., Savarkar, S., Shrivastava, A., Thomas, M., Yegnaram, S., Hidayatullah, R., Puar, N., Niman, S., Indra, I., Hamzah, Z., Yuliana, A., Abidin, U.N., Dursin, A.N., Kurnia, A., Susanti, A., Handayani, D., Alit, M.A., Arya, A., Senapathi, TGA, Utara, U.H., Wid, W.M., Wima, S., Wir, W.M., Jehosua, B., Kaunang, J., Lantang, E.Y., Najoan, R., Waworuntu, N., Awad, H., Fuad, A., Geddoa, B., Khalaf, A.R., Al Hussaini, S., Albaj, S., Kenber, M., Bettinelli, A., Spadaro, S., AlbertoVolta, C., Giancarlo, L., Sottosanti, V., Copetti, E., Spagnesi, L., Toretti, 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Swift, D., Walker, R., Bester, D., Cavanagh, S., Cripps, H., Daniel, H., Lynch, J., Pyke, S., Scholefield, J., Whitworth, H., Bottrill, F., Ramalingam, G., Webb, S., Akerman, N., Antill, P., Bourner, L., Buckley, S., Castle, G., Charles, R., Eggleston, C., Foster, R., Gill, S., Lindley, K., Lklouk, M., Lowery, T., Martin, O., Milne, D., O'Connor, P., Ratcliffe, A., Rose, A., Smith, A., Varma, S., Ward, J., Barcraft-Barnes, H., Camsooksai, J., Colvin, C., Reschreiter, H., Tbaily, L., Venner, N., Hamilton, C., Kelly, L., Toth-Tarsoly, P., Dodsworth, K., Foord, D., Gordon, P., Hawes, E., Lamb, N., Mouland, J., Nightingale, J., Rose, S., Schrieber, J., Al'Amri, K., Aladin, H., Arshad, M.A., Barraclough, J., Bentley, C., Bergin, C., Carrera, R., Clarkson, A., Collins, M., Denham, S., Griffiths, E., Ip, P., Jeyanthan, S., Joory, K., Kaur, S., Marriott, P., Mitchell, N., Nagaiah, S., Nilsson, A., Parekh, N., Pope, M., Seager, J., Serag, H., Tameem, A., Thomas, A., Thunder, J., Torrance, A., Vohra, R., Whitehouse, A., Wong, T., Blunt, M., Wong, K., Giles, J., Reed, I., Weller, D., Bell, G., Birch, J., Damant, R., Maiden, J., Mewies, C., Prince, C., Radford, J., Reynolds, T., Balain, B., Banerjee, R., Barnett, A., Burston, B., Edwards, J., Evans, C., Ford, D., Gallacher, P., Hill, S., Jaffray, D., Karlakki, S., Kennedy, J., Kiely, N., Lewthwaite, S., Marquis, C., Ockendon, M., Phillips, S., Pickard, S., Richardson, J., Roach, R., Smith, T., Spencer-Jones, R., Steele, N., Steen, J., Van Liefland, M., White, S., Faulds, M., Harris, M., Nicol, S., Pearson, S.A., Chukkambotla, S., Andrew, A., Attrill, E., Campbell, G., Datson, A., Fouracres, A., Graterol, J., Graves, L., Hong, B., Ishimaru, A., Karthikeyan, A., King, H., Lawson, T., Lee, G., Lyons, S., Hall, A.M., Mathoulin, S., Mcintyre, E., Mclaughlin, D., Mulcahy, K., Paddle, J., Robbins, J., Sung, W., Tayo, A., Trembath, L., Venugopal, S., Wigmore, G., Boereboom, C., Downes, C., Humphries, R., Melbourne, S., Tou, S., Ullah, S., Batchelor, N., Boxall, L., Broomby, R., Deen, T., Hellewell, A., Helliwell, L., Hutchings, M., Hutchins, D., Keenan, S., Mackie, D., Potter, A., Smith, F., Stone, L., Thorpe, K., Wassall, R., Woodgate, A., Baillie, S., Campbell, T., James, S., King, C., Marques de Araujo, D., Martin, D., Morkane, C., Neely, J., Rajendram, R., Burton, M., James, K., Keevil, E., Minik, O., Morgan, J., Musgrave, A., Rajanna, H., Roberts, T., Adamson, M., Jumbe, S., Kendall, J., Muthuswamy, M.B., Cruikshanks, A., Wrench, I., Zeidan, L., Ardern, D., Harris, B., Hellstrom, J., Martin, J., Thomas, R., Varsani, N., Brown, C.W., Docherty, P., Gillies, M., McGregor, E., Usher, H., Craig, J., Ahmad, T., Bodger, P., Creary, T., Fowler, A., Ijuo, E., Jones, T., Kantsedikas, I., Lahiri, S., McLean, A.L., Niebrzegowska, E., Phull, M., Wickboldt, N., Baldwin, J., Doyle, D., Mcmullan, S., Oladapo, M., Owen, T., Williams, A., Gregory, P., Husain, T., Kirk-Bayley, J., Mathers, E., Montague, L., Harper, M., Jack, J., Ridley, C., Avis, J., Cook, T., Dali-Kemmery, L., Kerslake, I., Lambourne, V., Pearson, A., Boyd, C., Callaghan, M., Lawson, C., McCrossan, R., Nesbitt, V., O'connor, L., Sinclair, R., Farid, N., Morgese, C., Bhatia, K., Karmarkar, S., Ahmed, J., Branagan, G., Hutton, M., Swain, A., Brookes, J., Cornell, J., Dolan, R., Hulme, J., Jansen van Vuuren, A., Jowitt, T., Kalashetty, G., Lloyd, F., Patel, K., Sherwood, N., Brown, L., Chandler, B., Deighton, K., Emma, T., Haunch, K., Cheeseman, M., Dent, K., Gray, C., Hood, M., Jones, D., Juj, J., Rao, R., Walker, T., Al Anizi, M., Cheah, C., Cheing, Y., Coutinho, F., Gondo, P., Hadebe, B., Hove, M.O., Khader, A., Krishnachetty, B., Rhodes, K., Sokhi, J., Baker, K.A., Bertram, W., Looseley, A., Mouton, R., Hanna, G., Arnold, G., Arya, S., Balfoussia, D., Baxter, L., Harris, J., Jones, C., Knaggs, A., Markar, S., Perera, A., Scott, A., Shida, A., Sirha, R., Wright, S., Frost, V., Andrews, E., Arrandale, L., Barrett, S., Cifra, E., Cooper, M., Dragnea, D., Elna, C., Maclean, J., Meier, S., Milliken, D., Munns, C., Ratanshi, N., Ramessur, S., Salvana, A., Watson, A., Ali, H., Critchley, R., Endersby, S., Hicks, C., Liddle, A., Pass, M., Ritchie, C., Thomas, C., Too, L., Welsh, S., Gill, T., Johnson, J., Reed, J., Davis, E., Papadopoullos, S., Attwood, C., Biffen, A., Boulton, K., Gray, S., Hay, D., Mills, S., Montgomery, J., Riddell, R., Simpson, J., Bhardwaj, N., Paul, E., Uwubamwen, N., Alexander, M., Arrich, J., Arumugam, S., Blackwood, D., Boggiano, V., Chan, Y.L., Chatterjee, D., Chhabra, A., Christian, R., Costelloe, H., Matthewman, M.C., Dalton, E., Darko, J., Davari, M., Dave, T., Deacon, M., Deepak, S., Edmond, H., Ellis, J., El-Sayed, A., Eneje, P., English, R., Ewe, R., Foers, W., Franklin, J., Gallego, L., Garrett, E., Goldberg, O., Goss, H., Greaves, R., Harris, R., Hennings, C., Jones, E., Kamali, N., Kokkinos, N., Lewis, C., Lignos, L., Malgapo, E.V., Malik, R., Milne, A., Mulligan, J.P., Nicklin, P., Palipane, N., Parsons, T., Piper, R., Prakash, R., Ramesh, B., Rasip, S., Reading, J., Rela, M., Reyes, A., Stephens, R., Rooms, M., Shah, K., Simons, H., Solanki, S., Spowart, E., Stevens, A., Waggett, H., Yassaee, A., Kennedy, A., Scott, S., Somanath, S., Berg, A., Hernandez, M., Nanda, R., Tank, G., Wilson, N., Wilson, D., Al-Soudaine, Y., Baldwin, M., Cornish, J., Davies, Z., Davies, L., Edwards, M., Frewer, N., Gallard, S., Glasbey, J., Harries, R., Hopkins, L., Kim, T., Koompirochana, V., Lawson, S., Lewis, M., Makzal, Z., Scourfield, S., Ahmad, Y., Bates, S., Blackwell, C., Bryant, H., Collins, H., Coulter, S., Cruickshank, R., Daniel, S., Daubeny, T., Golder, K., Hawkins, L., Helen, B., Hinxman, H., Levett, D., Salmon, K., Seaward, L., Skinner, B., Tyrell, B., Wadams, B., Walsgrove, J., Dickson, J., Constantin, K., Karen, M., O'Brien, P., O'Donohoe, L., Payne, H., Sundayi, S., Walker, E., Brooke, J., Cardy, J., Humphreys, S., Kessack, L., Kubitzek, C., Kumar, S., Cotterill, D., Hodzovic, E., Hosdurga, G., Miles, E., Saunders, G., Campbell, M., Chan, P., Jemmett, K., Raj, A., Naik, A., Oshowo, A., Ramamoorthy, R., Shah, N., Sylvan, A., Blyth, K., Burtenshaw, A., Freeman, D., Johnson, E., Lo, P., Martin, T., Plunkett, E., Wollaston, J., Allison, J., Carroll, C., Craw, N., Craw, S., Pitt-Kerby, T., Rowland-Axe, R., Spurdle, K., McDonald, A., Simon, D., Sinha, V., Banner-Goodspeed, V., Boone, M., Campbell, K., Lu, F., Scannell, J., Sobol, J., Balajonda, N., Clemmons, K., Conde, C., Elgasim, M., Funk, B., Hopkins, T., Olaleye, O., Omer, O., Pender, M., Porto, A., Waweru, P., Yeh, E., Bodansky, D., Evans, A., Kleopoulos, S., Maril, R., Mathney, E., Sanchez, A., Tinuoye, E., Bateman, B., Eng, K., Jiang, N., Ladha, K., Needleman, J., Chen, L.L., Lane, R., Robinowitz, D., Ghushe, N., Irshad, M., O'Connor, J., Patel, S., Takemoto, S., Wallace, A., Mazzeffi, M., Rock, P., Wallace, K., Chua, P., Mattera, M., Sharar, R., Thilen, S., Treggiari, M., Morgan, A., Sofjan, I., Subramaniam, K., Avidan, M., Maybrier, H., Muench, M., and Wildes, T.
Subjects: Male, Postoperative Complications/epidemiology, Hospital mortality, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], surgery, Postoperative Complications, 0302 clinical medicine, cohort studies, 030202 anesthesiology, patient safety, 030212 general & internal medicine, Postoperative Period, Medicine(all), Middle Aged, Checklist, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, operative/mortality, Elective Surgical Procedures, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Meta-analysis, Cohort, Cohort studies, Female, Elective Surgical Procedure, postoperative care/methods, postoperative care/statistics and numerical data, surgical procedures, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Evidence-based medicine, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Patient safety, medicine, postoperative care/method, Humans, Elective Surgical Procedures/standards, Aged, Cohort Studies, Evidence-Based Medicine, Hospital Mortality, Patient Safety, Postoperative Complications/mortality, Postoperative Complications/prevention & control, Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods, business.industry, Odds ratio, Surgery, Observational study, business, cohort studie
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool.METHODS: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals.RESULTS: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32-0.77); PCONCLUSIONS: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine.
Published: 2018

32. Talking (or Not Talking) about the Past: The Influence of Parent-Child Conversation about Negative Experiences on Children's Memories

Author: Elaine Reese and Karen Salmon
Subjects: media_common.quotation_subject, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Context (language use), Developmental psychology, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Developmental stage theories, Close relationship, Child sexual abuse, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Conversation, Narrative, Psychology, Social psychology, Developmental psychopathology, media_common
Abstract: Summary We review research investigating the influence of conversations between parents and their children about past negative experiences on children's memory and management of their emotional experiences. To do so, we are guided by social cultural developmental theory and a developmental psychopathology framework. In the first section, we first discuss the ‘best case’ scenario, in which parents and child have a close relationship within which the child's negative emotions can be discussed and understood, and the child's ability to remember her experiences in a detailed and coherent narrative form is optimised. In the second section, we turn to the most problematic scenario of child maltreatment, including child sexual abuse, and consider the implications for children's memory when these optimizing factors are not present or are limited. Finally, we discuss exemplar intermediary scenarios. We propose that early problems acquiring critical skills for remembering emotional experiences in the context of parent–child relationships can have negative consequences for children's memory but also for their psychological functioning more broadly, which can extend across development. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: 2015

33. The good, the bad, and the neutral: The influence of emotional valence on young children's recall

Author: Penny Van Bergen, Karen Salmon, and Jacqui Wall
Subjects: Clinical Psychology, Recall, Recall test, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Emotional valence, Form of the Good, Valence (psychology), Psychology, Social psychology, Applied Psychology, Experimental research, Developmental psychology
Abstract: Despite the important theoretical and applied implications, there is limited experimental research investigating the influence of emotional valence on young children's verbal recall of everyday emotional experiences. This issue was addressed in the current study. Specifically, we investigated young children's (5–6 years) recall of emotional experiences presented in six brief stories. To address methodological limitations of the small body of existing literature, we adopted a within participants design in which story content was matched and valence (positive, negative, neutral) was counterbalanced across stories. Fifty-four children were presented the six stories via narrated slideshow, and recall was assessed after delay. Results showed that emotional stories were better recalled than neutral stories and negatively valenced stories were better recalled than positively valenced stories. The recall advantage of negatively valenced information was found for all aspects of each story, suggesting that negative valence renders events particularly memorable.
Published: 2015

34. It's in the details: The role of selective discussion in forgetting of children's autobiographical memories

Author: Ruth Glynn, Jason Low, and Karen Salmon
Subjects: Male, Memory, Episodic, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Child, Episodic memory, Forgetting, Memory errors, Recall, Autobiographical memory, Communication, 05 social sciences, Child development, Retrieval-induced forgetting, Mental Recall, Female, Childhood memory, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: This experiment investigated whether retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) would be found in children’s self-generated autobiographical memory recall. An adapted version of the RIF paradigm for adults’ autobiographical memories was administered to 8- and 9-year-old children (N = 65). We hypothesized that RIF would be found in terms of both number of memories recalled and amount of memory detail reported. The relationship between memory detail at the retrieval practice phase and RIF magnitude was also investigated. Consistent with hypotheses, RIF was found for both the number of memories recalled and the amount of memory detail reported. In addition, memory detail at retrieval practice was associated with increased RIF magnitude. Findings extend the current literature in three ways. First, they indicate that selective discussion of autobiographical events with children can cause forgetting of similar non-discussed events. Second, even when these non-discussed events are recalled, they contain sparser memory detail. Finally, when events are selectively discussed in greater detail, forgetting of similar non-discussed events occurs to a greater extent.
Published: 2017

35. Computerized scoring algorithms for the Autobiographical Memory Test

Author: Kris Martens, Filip Raes, Karen Salmon, Keisuke Takano, and Charlotte Gutenbrunner
Subjects: 050103 clinical psychology, Support Vector Machine, Memory, Episodic, Big data, Emotions, PsycINFO, 050105 experimental psychology, Cognition, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Cognitive Dysfunction, Episodic memory, Language, Depressive Disorder, Autobiographical memory, business.industry, Computers, 05 social sciences, Support vector machine, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Mental Recall, Psychology, business, Algorithm, Natural language, Algorithms, Coding (social sciences), Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Reduced specificity of autobiographical memories is a hallmark of depressive cognition. Autobiographical memory (AM) specificity is typically measured by the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT), in which respondents are asked to describe personal memories in response to emotional cue words. Due to this free descriptive responding format, the AMT relies on experts' hand scoring for subsequent statistical analyses. This manual coding potentially impedes research activities in big data analytics such as large epidemiological studies. Here, we propose computerized algorithms to automatically score AM specificity for the Dutch (adult participants) and English (youth participants) versions of the AMT by using natural language processing and machine learning techniques. The algorithms showed reliable performances in discriminating specific and nonspecific (e.g., overgeneralized) autobiographical memories in independent testing data sets (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve > .90). Furthermore, outcome values of the algorithms (i.e., decision values of support vector machines) showed a gradient across similar (e.g., specific and extended memories) and different (e.g., specific memory and semantic associates) categories of AMT responses, suggesting that, for both adults and youth, the algorithms well capture the extent to which a memory has features of specific memories. (PsycINFO Database Record
Published: 2017

36. Do Overgeneral Autobiographical Memories Predict Increased Psychopathological Symptoms in Community Youth? A 3-Year Longitudinal Investigation

Author: Charlotte Gutenbrunner, Karen Salmon, and Paul E. Jose
Subjects: Male, 050103 clinical psychology, Overgeneral autobiographical memory, Adolescent, Memory, Episodic, 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, Risk Factors, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Longitudinal Studies, Risk factor, Child, Episodic memory, Depression (differential diagnoses), Depressive Disorder, Autobiographical memory, 05 social sciences, Anxiety Disorders, Psychiatry and Mental health, Rumination, Cognitive, Adolescent Behavior, Rumination, Mental Recall, Anxiety, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Psychopathology
Abstract: Research suggests that an overgeneral autobiographical memory style (i.e., retrieval of general memories when instructed to retrieve a specific episodic memory) represents a vulnerability marker for depression. Although adolescence is a period of high risk for the emergence of depression, little research has investigated the associations among overgeneral memory, psychopathology, and risk factors longitudinally in a community sample in this age group. We, therefore, investigated overgeneral memory, psychopathology (depression and anxiety), and rumination (an established risk factor for psychopathology) longitudinally in 269 typically-developing youth (125 females, 144 males) across 3 annual assessment points. We sought to determine whether 1) overgeneral memory would predict psychopathology across the entire sample, and 2) whether associations would vary as a function of longitudinal rumination growth. Across the entire sample, overgeneral memory did not predict psychopathology. For youth who reported elevated, and increasing, patterns of rumination over time, transient relationships between overgeneral memory and subsequent increases in anxiety were found. We conclude that overgeneral memory may represent a vulnerability marker for adverse psychological outcomes only for youth at risk for psychopathology.
Published: 2017

37. Does adding an emotion component enhance the Triple P−Positive Parenting Program?

Author: Karen Salmon, Matthew R. Sanders, Josie Hammington, Cassandra K. Dittman, and Rebecca A. Burson
Subjects: Male, Parents, Psychological intervention, Child Behavior, Pilot Projects, Coaching, Developmental psychology, medicine, Humans, Triple P - Positive Parenting Program, Parent-Child Relations, Child, Competence (human resources), General Psychology, Emotional Intelligence, Parenting, Aggression, business.industry, Emotion socialization, Child, Preschool, Parent training, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, business, New Zealand
Abstract: This pilot study aimed to compare the efficacy of a regular offering of the group-delivered Triple P-Positive Parenting Program for child behavior problems with an enhanced version tailored to promote child emotion competence. Families of children between ages 3 and 6 years displaying early-onset conduct problems were randomly assigned to Group Triple P (GTP; final n = 18) or Emotion Enhanced Triple P (EETP; final n = 18), in which parents were encouraged to incorporate emotion labels and causes and to coach emotion competence during discussions of everyday emotional experiences with their child. Compared with parents who received GTP, parents who received EETP increased their discussion of emotion labels and emotion causes in conversations with their child at postintervention, but this advantage was lost by the 4-month follow-up. Parents in the EETP condition also used more emotion coaching postintervention and at follow-up. There were no differences at postintervention or follow-up in children's emotion knowledge skills. Postintervention improvement in disruptive child behavior was greater for GTP, but the groups converged at follow-up. Parents were similarly satisfied with both interventions. Overall, EETP showed little advantage over regular GTP delivery.
Published: 2014

38. Ambiguous Information and the Verbal Information Pathway to Fear in Children

Author: Stefan Dalrymple-Alford and Karen Salmon
Subjects: Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Trait anxiety, Anxiety, Behavioral avoidance, Control animal, medicine.symptom, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Association (psychology), Psychology, Developmental psychology
Abstract: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the influence of ambiguous verbal information on children’s verbal and behavioral fear response. We extended existing research by using a within participants design, comparing the influence of ambiguous information with threat information, and their association with interpretation bias measures relevant to a range of situations. 61 children (7–10 years) were allocated to one of two conditions in which they received either ambiguous or threat information about unfamiliar animals. Before and after the information, they completed a questionnaire rating their fear beliefs about the tagged animal and a no-information control animal. At post-assessment, the children also completed a task assessing their behavioral avoidance of the animals. Measures of interpretational bias and trait anxiety were given at baseline. Verbal threat information substantially increased fear beliefs and behavioral avoidance. Ambiguous information had a weak effect on children’s fear beliefs but no effect on behavioral avoidance. Overall, trait anxiety was not significantly related to interpretation biases, or the effect of ambiguous or threat information. In the threat group, but not the ambiguous group, interpretational bias measures were associated with relative increase in fear beliefs for the tagged animal, and with behavioral avoidance. These findings support the view that verbal information can influence children’s fear and that even mild ambiguous information can also have an effect.
Published: 2013

39. Medical Settings as a Context for Research on Cognitive Development

Author: Deirdre A. Brown and Karen Salmon
Subjects: Context effect, Social environment, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Cognition, Context (language use), Language acquisition, Child development, Psychiatry and Mental health, Theory of mind, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Cognitive development, Engineering ethics, Psychology, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Medical contexts provide a rich opportunity to study important theoretical questions in cognitive development and to investigate the influence of a range of interacting factors relating to the child, the experience, and the broader social context on children's cognition. In the context of examples of research investigating these issues, we consider several specific advantages of conducting research in medical settings: the diverse range of participants, experiences, and potential research paradigms and the opportunities for student training. We discuss the benefits and challenges of conducting research within medical contexts and consider ways of attempting to maximize the former and of addressing the latter.
Published: 2013

40. Is remembering less specifically part of an avoidant coping style? Associations between memory specificity, avoidant coping, and stress

Author: John McDowall, Karen Salmon, and Timothy J. Ganly
Subjects: Adult, Male, 050103 clinical psychology, Psychotherapist, Ironic process theory, Adolescent, Memory, Episodic, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, 050105 experimental psychology, Style (sociolinguistics), Avoidant coping, Random Allocation, Young Adult, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Memory, Stress (linguistics), Adaptation, Psychological, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Avoidance Learning, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Autobiographical memory, 05 social sciences, Mental Recall, Female, Psychology, Stress, Psychological, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Individuals higher on avoidant coping may remember fewer specific autobiographical memories and more nonspecific memories on the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) in order to protect themselves from the painful emotions accompanying some specific memories. Habitually remembering this way (overgeneral memory) may be a risk factor for depression. In Studies 1 and 2 (nondepressed samples), avoidant coping was associated with more specific memories and fewer overgeneral memories, at odds with the functional avoidance view. In Study 3 (depressed sample), there were no significant relationships between AMT indices and avoidant coping. Results are discussed in light of ironic process theory.
Published: 2016

41. Emotional Abilities in Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD): Impairments in Perspective-Taking and Understanding Mixed Emotions are Associated with High Callous-Unemotional Traits

Author: Clare-Ann Fortune, Maria Emma Liwag, Karen Salmon, Richard O'Kearney, and Amy Dawel
Subjects: Male, Emotions, Statistics as Topic, Child Behavior, Ambivalence, 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, Sex Factors, Emotion perception, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Mixed emotions, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), Interpersonal Relations, Affective Symptoms, Child, Emotional Intelligence, Callous unemotional, 05 social sciences, Cognition, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Perspective-taking, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Empathy, Psychology, Behavior Observation Techniques, Anxiety disorder, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract: Most studies of emotion abilities in disruptive children focus on emotion expression recognition. This study compared 74 children aged 4–8 years with ODD to 45 comparison children (33 healthy; 12 with an anxiety disorder) on behaviourally assessed measures of emotion perception, emotion perspective-taking, knowledge of emotions causes and understanding ambivalent emotions and on parent-reported cognitive and affective empathy. Adjusting for child’s sex, age and expressive language ODD children showed a paucity in attributing causes to emotions but no other deficits relative to the comparison groups. ODD boys with high levels of callous–unemotional traits (CU) (n = 22) showed deficits relative to low CU ODD boys (n = 25) in emotion perspective-taking and in understanding ambivalent emotions. Low CU ODD boys did not differ from the healthy typically developing boys (n = 12). Impairments in emotion perceptive-taking and understanding mixed emotions in ODD boys are associated with the presence of a high level of CU.
Published: 2016

42. The Components of Young Children's Emotion Knowledge: Which Are Enhanced by Adult Emotion Talk?

Author: Melissa E. Grouden, Fiona Parkes, Sophie Moskowitz, Karen Salmon, Emily K. Miller, and Ian M. Evans
Subjects: Sociology and Political Science, Emotionality, Knowledge level, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Task analysis, Affective science, Observational study, Attribution, Psychology, Control (linguistics), Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Developmental psychology, Task (project management)
Abstract: This research adopted observational and experimental paradigms to investigate the relationships between components of emotion knowledge in three- to four-year-old children. In Study 1, 88 children were assessed on the Emotion Matching Task (Morgan, Izard, & King), and two tasks requiring the generation of emotion labels and causes. Most tasks were significantly associated with age and language ability, and similar tasks were significantly but moderately correlated. In Study 2, 58 of these children were allocated to one of three conditions: emotion cause talk, in which they received four sessions of training focusing on emotion labels and causes; non-emotion cause talk, focusing on causal relationships in general; or were allocated to a no-training control. Children in the emotion causes condition showed improvement in their use of emotion labels but not other components of emotion knowledge. The findings suggest that, in three- to four-year-old children, emotion knowledge is constituted by related but separable components and that training in emotion language targets separate rather than all aspects of emotion knowledge.
Published: 2012

43. Do Non-Verbal Aids Increase the Effectiveness of ‘Best Practice’ Verbal Interview Techniques? An Experimental Study

Author: Alana Malloy, Karen Salmon, Katherine Mackay, and Margaret-Ellen Pipe
Subjects: Nonverbal communication, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Recall, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Best practice, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Psychology, medicine.disease, Child health, Developmental psychology
Abstract: Summary Two experiments examined the effectiveness of non-verbal interview aids as means of increasing the amount of information children report about an event under conditions designed to mimic their use in the field. In the first study, 27 5–7-year-old children took part in an event, and 7–10 days later were interviewed using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Protocol interview followed by an opportunity to draw the event or complete puzzles and, in turn, a second verbal interview. New information was reported following both drawing and puzzles and accuracy declined in both conditions, but drawing did not differentially influence recall. In the second experiment, dolls or human figure diagrams were introduced to clarify children's (N = 53) reports of touch as recommended in by some professionals, with a verbal interview serving as a control. Props did not increase the amount of information reported compared with best practice verbal techniques, but nor did they elevate errors. The findings support the use of a second recall attempt, but do not support the use of non-verbal aids, even when these are used following professional recommendations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: 2011

44. Asking Parents to Prepare Children for an Event: Altering Parental Instructions Influences Children's Recall

Author: Karen Salmon, Louise Mewton, Margaret-Ellen Pipe, and Skye McDonald
Subjects: Recall, Context effect, media_common.quotation_subject, Perspective (graphical), Social environment, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Interpersonal communication, Social relation, Developmental psychology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Conversation, Psychology, Social psychology, Social influence, media_common
Abstract: The authors investigated whether manipulating parents' goals regarding their discussion of an upcoming staged event with their 6-year-old children differentially influenced the children's recall. Parents (n = 62) were asked to prepare their child for a staged novel event—“visiting the pretend zoo”—to take place 1 day later. One group (inform) was asked to simply tell their child about the event, whereas a second group (discuss) was asked to engage their child in conversation and seek their child's perspective. A third group of parents (control) read an unrelated story to their child. Relative to parents in the control and inform conditions, parents in the discuss condition engaged their children in richer, more diverse, and complex conversation and their children made more contributions to the conversation. When their recall was tested 1 week later, however, children in the inform condition, relative to the discuss and control conditions, recalled more correct information overall. The reports of children ...
Published: 2011

45. The Effects of Mother Training in Emotion-Rich, Elaborative Reminiscing on Children's Shared Recall and Emotion Knowledge

Author: Karen Salmon, Mark R. Dadds, Jennifer L. Allen, and Penny Van Bergen
Subjects: Recall, Autobiographical memory, media_common.quotation_subject, Memoria, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Child development, Social relation, Developmental psychology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Nonverbal communication, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Parent training, Conversation, Psychology, media_common
Abstract: The present study examined the impact of training mothers in high-elaborative, emotional reminiscing on children’s autobiographical memory and emotion knowledge. Eighty mothers were randomly allocated to one of two training conditions: in the reminiscing condition, mothers were encouraged to reminisce by asking their children (aged 3.5 to 5 years) elaborative Wh- questions, providing detailed descriptions, and discussing emotions, and in the control condition, mothers were encouraged to play by following their children’s lead. Forty-four mothers completed the study. Both immediately and 6 months after training, mothers in the reminiscing condition and their children each made more high-elaborative utterances and emotion references during shared recall than did mothers in the control condition and their children. Children of reminiscing mothers also showed better emotion cause knowledge after 6 months than did children of control mothers, but children’s independent recall to an experimenter did not differ according to condition. The findings suggest that an elaborative and emotion-rich reminiscing style can be taught to parents, with potential benefits for children’s shared (but not independent) memory contributions and for emotion knowledge development.
Published: 2009

46. The ethics of punishment: Correctional practice implications

Author: Tony Ward and Karen Salmon
Subjects: Retributive justice, Punishment, media_common.quotation_subject, Poison control, Context (language use), Liberal democracy, Criminology, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, ComputingMilieux_MANAGEMENTOFCOMPUTINGANDINFORMATIONSYSTEMS, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Juvenile delinquency, Normative, Justice (ethics), Psychology, Social psychology, media_common
Abstract: Correctional practitioners work within a context that is heavily influenced and constrained by punishment policies and practices. The overlap between the normative frameworks of punishment and offender rehabilitation creates a unique set of ethical challenges for program developers and therapists. In this paper we set out to briefly outline three major punishment theories and draw out their implications for correctional practitioners. First, we discuss the nature of punishment and the problems it poses for practitioners and all citizens in liberal democracies. Second, consequential, retributive, and communicative justifications of punishment are succinctly described and their clinical implications analyzed and some limitations noted. Finally we conclude with some suggestions for ethical practice in correctional settings.
Published: 2009

47. Can Emotional Language Skills be Taught During Parent Training for Conduct Problem Children?

Author: David J. Hawes, Mark R. Dadds, Jennifer L. Allen, and Karen Salmon
Subjects: Adult, Conduct Disorder, Male, Parents, Emotions, education, Psychological intervention, Pilot Projects, Emotional competence, Developmental psychology, Random Allocation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Intervention (counseling), Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, Parent-Child Relations, Language, Analysis of Variance, Emotional intelligence, medicine.disease, Child development, Psychiatry and Mental health, Conduct disorder, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Parent training, Family Therapy, Female, Social competence, Psychology
Abstract: To assess the effectiveness of providing training in elaborative, emotion rich reminiscing (emotional reminiscing, ER) as an adjunct to Parent Management Training (PMT) for parents of children (N = 38, M age = 56.9, SD = 15.8 months) with oppositional behaviors. Control parents received PMT and non-language adjunct intervention, child-directed play. All components of the intervention were manualized. Parents in both conditions received training in an abbreviated course of PMT. Parents in the ER condition additionally received brief training in discussing everyday past events with their child incorporating emotion labels and causes, "wh" questions, and detailed descriptive information. Parents in the control condition received training in allowing their child to lead during play sessions. Across both conditions, children's oppositional behaviors decreased between the beginning and end of training. Providing parents with training parents in an elaborative, emotion-rich reminiscing style resulted in greater parent and child use of elaborations and emotion references during shared conversations. Given findings in the literature of an association between parental emotion talk and children's emotional competence, developmental skills that are frequently compromised in oppositional children, the current pilot study has implications for interventions that broaden the focus of PMT.
Published: 2009

48. The child in time: The influence of parent–child discussion about a future experience on how it is remembered

Author: Fern Champion, Skye McDonald, Margaret-Ellen Pipe, Louise Mewton, and Karen Salmon
Subjects: Adult, Male, Parents, Time Factors, Statistics as Topic, Child Behavior, Task (project management), Developmental psychology, Style (sociolinguistics), Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Photography, Humans, Parent-Child Relations, Suggestion, General Psychology, Recall, Verbal Behavior, Autobiographical memory, Social environment, Cognition, Social relation, Attitude, El Niño, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Mental Recall, Female, Psychology, Forecasting
Abstract: We investigated the influence of preparation provided by parents on preschoolers' recall. One day before children participated in a staged novel event, parents discussed the event with their child either with (verbal+photos) or without (verbal) photographs. Parents and children in a control condition read an unrelated story. Then 8-10 days later the children were interviewed about the event. Children in the verbal+photos condition recalled significantly more than those in the control condition. Parental preparation style (e.g., evaluations, hypothetical language) was associated with the child's contributions to the preparatory discussion, but no aspect of parent or child style or content was associated with children's verbal recall. Similarly, there were no significant associations between children's performance on a task of episodic future thinking, and their preparatory discussion or recall, although episodic future thinking was strongly associated with language ability. The potential underlying mechanisms and theoretical implications are discussed.
Published: 2008

49. The relationship between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in injured children

Author: Emma Sinclair, Richard A. Bryant, Karen Salmon, and Patricia M. Davidson
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Poison control, Comorbidity, behavioral disciplines and activities, Suicide prevention, Occupational safety and health, Interviews as Topic, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Interview, Psychological, mental disorders, Injury prevention, medicine, Humans, Child, Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute, medicine.disease, Acute Stress Disorder, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Traumatic injury, El Niño, Wounds and Injuries, Female, New South Wales, Psychology, Anxiety disorder, Clinical psychology
Abstract: This study indexed the relationship between acute stress disorder (ASD) and subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in injured children. Consecutive children between 7-13 years admitted to a hospital after traumatic injury (n = 76) were assessed for ASD. Children were followed up 6-months posttrauma (n = 62), and administered the PTSD Reaction Index. Acute stress disorder was diagnosed in 10% of patients, and 13% satisfied criteria for PTSD. At 6-months posttrauma, PTSD was diagnosed in 25% of patients who were diagnosed with ASD. Acute stress reactions that did not include dissociation provided better prediction of PTSD than full ASD criteria. These findings suggest that the current ASD diagnosis is not optimal in identifying younger children who are high risk for PTSD development.
Published: 2007

50. The role of panic attacks in acute stress disorder in children

Author: Karen Salmon, Richard A. Bryant, and Emma Sinclair
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, behavioral disciplines and activities, Dysphoria, Surveys and Questionnaires, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Acute stress reaction, Survivors, Child, Psychiatry, Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute, Depression (differential diagnoses), Panic, medicine.disease, Acute Stress Disorder, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Traumatic injury, El Niño, Acute Disease, Panic Disorder, Wounds and Injuries, Female, New South Wales, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Anxiety disorder
Abstract: This study examined the role of peritraumatic panic symptoms during trauma in childhood acute stress. Children (N = 60) who had suffered traumatic injury were administered the Child Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire, the Child Depression Inventory, and the Physical Reactions Scale to index panic attacks that occurred during the trauma. Panic attacks were experienced during their trauma by 100% of participants with acute stress reactions and 24% of participants without stress reactions. Panic attacks during trauma accounted for 28% of the variance of acute stress reactions, with an additional variance accounted for by age, time since the accident, and dysphoria. These findings are discussed in terms of fear conditioning models of posttraumatic stress.
Published: 2007

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