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1. Dietary Intervention with Whey Protein Concentrate Does Not Affect Toll-like Receptor Responses and Gene Expression Patterns in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Healthy Volunteers

Author

Porbahaie, Mojtaba, primary, Ulfman, Laurien H., additional, Prodan, Andrei, additional, Teodorowicz, Malgorzata, additional, Schloesser, Joyce E. L., additional, Savelkoul, Huub F. J., additional, Kardinaal, Alwine F. M., additional, and van Neerven, R. J. Joost, additional

Published
2024
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2. A Double-Blind, Randomized Intervention Study on the Effect of a Whey Protein Concentrate on E. coli-Induced Diarrhea in a Human Infection Model

Author

Ulfman, Laurien H., primary, Schloesser, Joyce E. L., additional, Kortman, Guus A. M., additional, van den Belt, Maartje, additional, Lucas-van de Bos, Elly, additional, Roggekamp, Joris, additional, van Neerven, R. J. Joost, additional, Porbahaie, Mojtaba, additional, van Hoffen, Els, additional, and Kardinaal, Alwine F. M., additional

Published
2022
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3. Whey protein supplementation does not accelerate recovery from a single bout of eccentric exercise

Author

Hilkens, Luuk, De Bock, Jolien, Kretzers, Joris, Kardinaal, Alwine F. M., Floris-Vollenbroek, Esther G., Scholtens, Petra A. M. J., Horstmanc, Astrid M. H., van Loon, Luc J. C., Van Dijk, Jan-Willem, Hilkens, Luuk, De Bock, Jolien, Kretzers, Joris, Kardinaal, Alwine F. M., Floris-Vollenbroek, Esther G., Scholtens, Petra A. M. J., Horstmanc, Astrid M. H., van Loon, Luc J. C., and Van Dijk, Jan-Willem

Abstract

The current double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with two parallel groups aimed to assess the impact of whey protein supplementation on recovery of muscle function and muscle soreness following eccentric exercise. During a 9-day period, forty recreationally active males received twice daily supplementation with either whey protein (PRO; 60 g/day) or an iso-energetic amount of carbohydrate (CON). Muscle function and soreness were assessed before, and 0, 3, 24, 48, and 72 h after performing 100 drop jumps. Recovery of isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) did not significantly differ between groups (timextreatment,P= 0.56). In contrast, the recovery of isokinetic MVC at 90 degrees center dot s(-1)was faster in CON as opposed to PRO (timextreatment interaction,P= 0.044). Recovery of isokinetic MVC at 180 degrees center dot s(-1)was also faster in CON as opposed to PRO (timextreatment interaction,P= 0.011). Recovery of countermovement jump performance did not differ between groups (timextreatment interaction,P= 0.52). Muscle soreness, CK and CRP showed a transient increase over time (P<0.001), with no differences between groups. In conclusion, whey protein supplementation does not accelerate recovery of muscle function or attenuate muscle soreness and inflammation during 3 days of recovery from a single bout of eccentric exercise.

Published
2021

10. Working group on epidemiology & prevention of the european society of cardiology: Proceedings of meeting held at Shannon May 14th–17th, 1998

Author

Sullivan, P. A., Murphy, D., Sullivan, P. A., Keogh, S., Sullivan, P. A., Nash, P., Kaarisalo, M. M., Marttila, J., Immonen-Raiha, P., Salomaa, V., Torppa, J., Tuomilehto, J., Siani, A., Racone, R., Ragone, E., Stinga, F., Strazzullol, P., Cappuccio, F. P., Trevisan, M., Farinaro, E., Mellone, C., Fox, K. F., Cowie, M. R., Wood, D. A., Coats, A. J., Poole Wilson, P. A., Sutton, G. C., Yarnell, J., Sweetnam, P., Thomas, H., Piwonski, J., Piotrowski, W., Pytlak, A., Wannamethee, S. G., Shaper, A. G., Walker, M., Sharpe, P. C., Young, I. S., Hasselwander, O., McMaster, D., Mercer, C., McGrath, L. T., Evans, A. E., Thomas, F., Guize, L., Ducimetiere, P., Benetos, A., Rosolova, H., Simon, J., Mayer, O., Sefrna, F., Mayer, O., Šimon, J., Rosolova, H., Racek, J., Trefil, L., Marin-Tarlea, M., Carp, C., Apetrei, E., Ginghina, C., Serban, I., Florica, N., Ceck, C., Patrascoiu, M., Ginghina, C., Carp, C., Apetrei, E., Tarlea, M., Cioranu, R., Florica, N., Ceck, C., Vaduva, M., Mihaescu, D., Lapadat, M., Ashton, W. D., Wood, D., Nanchahahal, K., Kelleher, C. C., Brennan, P. J., Howarth, D., Meade, T. W., Kelleher, C. C., Fallon, U. B., McCarthy, U., O’Donnell, M. M. K., Dineen, B., Jousilahti, P., Vartiainen, E., Tuomilehto, J., Puska, P., Kastarinen, M., Nissinen, A., Salomaa, V., Vartiainen, E., Jousilahti, P., Tuomilehto, J., Puska, P., Rosengren, A., Wedel, H., Wilhelmsen, L., Liese, A. D., Hense, H. W., Keil, U., Keil, U., Liese, A. D., Hense, H. W., Filipiak, B., Döring, A., Stieber, J., Lowel, H., De Laet, C., Brasseur, D., Kahn, A., Wautrecht, J. C., Decuyper, J., Boeynaems, J. M., Jousilahti, P., Vartiainen, E., Tuomilehto, J., Sundvall, J., Puska, P., Marques-Vidal, P., Ferrières, J., Haas, B., Evans, A., Amouyel, P., Luc, G., Ducimetiere, P., Marques-Vidal, P., Ferrieres, J., Arveiler, D., Montaye, M., Evans, A., Ducimetiere, P., Fuentes, R., Notkola, I. -L., Shemeikka, S., Tuomilehto, J., Nissinen, A., Mak, R., De BacquerBacquer, D., De Backer, G., Stam, M., Koyuncu, R., de Smet, P., Kornitzer, M., Braeckman, L., De Backer, G., De Bacquer, D., Claeys, L., Delanghe, J., De Bacquer, D., Kornitzer, M., De Backer, G., Cífkova, R., Pit’ha, J., Červenka, L., Šejda, T., Lanska, V., Škodová, Z., Stavek, P., Poledne, R., Cífková, R., Duskova, A., Hauserová, G., Hejl, Z., Lánská, V., Škodova, Z., Pistulková, H., Poledne, R., Hubáček, J., Pit’ha, J., Stávek, P., Lánská, V., Cífková, R., Faleiro, L. L., Rodrigues, D., Fonseca, A., Martins, M. C., Norris, R. M., Nyyssönen, K., Seppänen, K., Salonen, R., Kantola, M., Salonen, J. T., Parviainen, M. T., De Henauw, S., Myny, K., Doyen, Z., Van Oyen, H., Tafforeau, J., Kornitzer, M., De Backer, G., Benetos, A., Thomas, F., Guize, L., Immonen-Räihä, P., Kaarisalo, M., Marttila, R. J., Torppa, J., Tuomilehto, J., Houterman, S., Hofman, B., Witteman, J. C. M., Verschuren, W. M. M., van de Vijver, L. P. L., Kardinaal, A. F. M., Grobbee, D. E., van Poppel, G., Princen, H. M. G., Kornitzer, M., Doven, M., Koyuncu, R., De Bacquer, D., Myny, K., De Backer, G., Tafforeau, J., Van Oven, H., Doyen, M., Koyuncu, R., Kornitzer, M., De Bacquer, D., Myny, K., De Backer, G., Tafforeau, J., Van Oyen, H., de Bree, A., Verschuren, W. M. M., Blom, H. J., Mulder, I., Smit, H. A., Menotti, A., Kromhout, D., Van den Hoogen, P. C. W., Hofman, A., Witteman, J. C. M., Feskens, E. J. M., Štika, L., Bruthans, J., Wierzbicka, M., Bolinska, H., Voutilainen, S., Nyyssönen, K., Salonen, R., Lakka, T. A., Salonen, J. T., Lakka, H -M., Lakka, T. A., Salonen, J. T., Tuomainen, T-P., Nyyssonen, K., Salonen, J. T., Punnonen, K., Yarnell, J., Patterson, C., Thomas, H., Sweetnam, P., Smith, W. C. S., Campbell, S. E., Cardy, A., Phillips, D. O., Helms, P. J., Squair, J., Smith, W. C. S., Cardy, A., Phillips, D. O., Helms, P. J., Squair, J., Smith, W. C. S., Cardy, A., Phillips, D. O., Helms, P. J., Squair, J., Pytlak, A., Piotrowski, W., Rywik, S., Waskiewicz, A., Sygnowska, E., Szczesniewska, D., Sygnowska, E., Waskiewicz, A., Wagrowska, H., Polakowska, M., Rywik, S., Broda, G., Jasinski, B., Piotrowski, W., Elandt-Johnson, R. C., Wagrowska, H., Kupsé, W., Szczesniewska, D., Platonov, D. Y., Haapanen, N., Miilunpalo, S., Vuori, I., Pasanen, M., Oja, P., Urponen, H., Kopp, M. S., Skrabski, A., Szedmák, S., Boaz, M., Biro, A., Katzir, Z., Matas, T., Smetana, S., Green, M., Whincup, P. H., Morris, R., Walker, M., Lennon, L., Thomson, A., Ebrahim, S. J. B., Refsum, H., Ueland, P. M., Perry, I. J., Boer, J. M. A., Kuivenhoven, J. A., Feskens, E. J. M., Schouten, E. G., Havekes, L. M., Seidell, J. C., Kastelein, J. J. P., Kromhout, D., Oomen, C. M., Feskens, E. J. M., Rasanen, L., Nissinen, A., Fidanza, F., Menotti, A., Kok, F. J., Kromhout, D., Sileikiene, L., Klambienne, J., Milasauskiene, Z., Cappuccio, F. P., Siani, A., Barba, G., Russo, L., Ragone, E., Strazzullo, P., Farinaro, E., Trevisan, M., Schnohr, P., Parner, J., Lange, P., Meleady, R., Graham, I. M., Ueland, P. M., Refsum, H., Blom, H., Whitehead, A. S., Daly, L. E., Stefanovic, B., Boskovic, D., Mitrovic, P., Perunicic, J., Vukcevic, V., Radovanovic, N., Terzic, B., Mrdovic, I., Orilc, D., Matic, G., Vasiljevic, Z., Mitrovic, P., Boskovic, D., Stefanovic, B., Perunicic, J., Vukcevic, V., Mrdovic, I., Radovanovic, N., Orlic, D., Matic, G., Milentijevic, B., Rajic, D., Mitrovic, N., Boskovic, S., Vasiljevic, Z., Marin-Tarlea, M., Carp, C., Apetrei, E., Serban, I., Ceck, C., Patrascsoiu, M., Florica, N., Mihaescu, D., Murphy, C., Meleady, R., Ingram, S., Love, J., Graham, I., Graham, I. M., Meleady, R., van Berkel, T. F. M., Deckers, J. W., and De Bacquer, D.

Published
1998
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18. Adipose Tissue Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Content and Breast Cancer in the EURAMIC Study

Author

Simonsen, Neal, Veer, Pieter van't, Strain, John J., Martin-Moreno, José M., Huttunen, Jussi K., Navajas, Joaquin Femández-Crehuet, Martin, Blaise C., Thamm, Michael, Kardinaal, Alwine F. M., Kok, Frans J., Kohlmeier, Lenore, Simonsen, Neal, Veer, Pieter van't, Strain, John J., Martin-Moreno, José M., Huttunen, Jussi K., Navajas, Joaquin Femández-Crehuet, Martin, Blaise C., Thamm, Michael, Kardinaal, Alwine F. M., Kok, Frans J., and Kohlmeier, Lenore

Abstract

The fatty acid content of adipose tissue in postmenopausal breast cancer cases and controls from five European countries in the European Community Multicenter Study on Antioxidants, Myocardial Infarction, and Cancer (EURAMIC) breast cancer study (1991 -1992) was used to explore the hypothesis that fatty acids of the omega-3 family inhibit breast cancer and that the degree of inhibition depends on background levels of omega-6 polyunsaturates. Considered in isolation, the level of omega-3 or omega-6 fat in adipose tissue displayed little consistent association with breast cancer across study centers. The ratio of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids to total omega-6 fat showed an inverse association with breast cancer in four of five centers. In Malaga, Spain, the odds ratio for the highest tertile relative to the lowest reached 0.32 (95% confidence interval 0.13-0.82). In this center, total omega-6 fatty acid was strongly associated with breast cancer. With all centers pooled, the odds ratio for long-chain omega-3 to total omega-6 reached 0.80 for the second tertile and 0.65 for the third tertile, a downward trend bordering on statistical significance (p for trend = 0.055). While not definitive, these results provide evidence for the hypothesis that the balance between omega-3 and omega-6 fat may play a rolein breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 147: 342-52

Published
2017

21. Association between toenail selenium and risk of acute myocardial infarction in European men. The EURAMIC Study. European Antioxidant Myocardial Infarction and Breast Cancer

Author

Kardinaal, A F M, Kok, F J, Kohlmeier, L, Martin-Moreno, J M, Ringstad, J, GOmez-Aracena, J, Mazaev, V P, Thamm, M, Martin, B C, Aro, A, Kark, J D, Delgado-Rodriguez, M, Riemersma, R A, van Veer, P t, Huttunen, J K, University of Zurich, and Kardinaal, A F M

Subjects
142-005 142-005, 2713 Epidemiology
Published
1997

23. Adipose tissue omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid content and breast cancer in the EURAMIC study. European Community Multicenter Study on Antioxidants, Myocardial Infarction, and Breast Cancer

Author

Simonsen, Neal, van't Veer, Pieter, Strain, John J, Martin-Moreno, José M, Huttunen, Jussi K, Navajas, Joaquin Fernández-Crehuet, Martin, Blaise C, Thamm, Michael, Kardinaal, Alwine F M, Kok, Frans J, Kohlmeier, Lenore, University of Zurich, and Simonsen, Neal

Subjects
570 Life sciences, biology, 610 Medicine & health, 10060 Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), 2713 Epidemiology
Published
1998

25. Tissue antioxidants and postmenopausal breast cancer : the European Community Multicentre Study on Antioxidants, Myocardial Infarction and Cancer of the Breast (EURAMIC)

Author

T Veer, P., Strain, J. J., Fernandez-Crehuet, J., Martin, B. C., Thamm, M., Kardinaal, A. F. M., Kohlmeier, L., Huttunen, J. K., Martin-Moreno, J. M., Kok, F. J., and Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO

Subjects
Adult, Free Radicals, Breast Neoplasms, Middle Aged, beta Carotene, Antioxidants, Selenium, Adipose Tissue, Nails, Reference Values, Case-Control Studies, Odds Ratio, Humans, Vitamin E, Female, Nutrition, Aged
Abstract

Antioxidants may protect against free radical mediated carcinogenesis. Epidemiological studies have not confirmed this hypothesis for breast cancer, possibly because of methodological limitations. Time-integrated exposure of α-tocopherol and β-carotene in adipose tissue, and selenium in toenails was investigated in a case-control study among postmenopausal women, ages 50-74 years, from five European countries. The study group comprised 347 incident breast cancer cases and 374 controls. Mean antioxidant levels, adjusted for age and center, did not significantly differ for α-tocopherol (cases were 4.5% higher than controls), β-carotene (3.0% lower), or selenium (1.8% lower). Odds ratios for highest versus lowest tertiles of exposure, adjusted for potential confounders, were 1.15 (95% confidence interval, 0.75-1.77), 0.74 (0.45-1.23), and 0.96 (0.63-1.47), respectively, without evidence for a decreasing trend. No statistically significant interactions were observed. Moreover, a provisional antioxidant score, indicating whether concentrations were above the median for zero, one, two, or all three antioxidants, yielded odds ratios of 1.00 (reference; all below median), 1.58, 1.58, and 1.21, respectively (χ2 for association = 4.00; P = 0.26). These results do not support the hypothesis that antioxidants are important determinants of this hormone-related malignancy among postmenopausal women. Chemicals/CAS: Antioxidants; beta Carotene, 7235-40-7; Free Radicals; Selenium, 7782-49-2; Vitamin E, 1406-18-4

Published
1996

26. Determinants ofp,p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDE) Concentration in Adipose Tissue in Women from Five European Cities

Author

Sanz-gallardo, M. Inmaculada, primary, Guallar, Eliseo, additional, Van 'T Veer, Pieter, additional, Longnecker, Matthew P., additional, Strain, J. J., additional, Martin, Blaise C., additional, Kardinaal, Alwine F. M., additional, Fernández-Crehuet, Joaquín, additional, Thamm, Michael, additional, Kohlmeier, Lenore, additional, Kok, Frans J., additional, and Martín-moreno, José M., additional

Published
1999
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27. Dietary Calcium and Bone Density in Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Europe

Author

Kardinaal, A. F. M., primary, Ando, S., additional, Charles, P., additional, Charzewska, J., additional, Rotily, M., additional, Väänänen, K., additional, Van erp-baart, A. M. J., additional, Heikkinen, J., additional, Thomsen, J., additional, Maggiolini, M., additional, Deloraine, A., additional, Chabros, E., additional, Juvin, R., additional, and Schaafsma, G., additional

Published
1999
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28. Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Adipose Tissue and Risk of Myocardial Infarction

Author

Guallar, Eliseo, primary, Aro, Antti, additional, Jiménez, F. Javier, additional, Martín-Moreno, José M., additional, Salminen, Irma, additional, van’t Veer, Pieter, additional, Kardinaal, Alwine F. M., additional, Gómez-Aracena, Jorge, additional, Martin, Blaise C., additional, Kohlmeier, Lenore, additional, Kark, Jeremy D., additional, Mazaev, Vladimir P., additional, Ringstad, Jetmund, additional, Guillén, José, additional, Riemersma, Rudolph A., additional, Huttunen, Jussi K., additional, Thamm, Michael, additional, and Kok, Frans J., additional

Published
1999
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30. LDL Oxidation and Extent of Coronary Atherosclerosis

Author

van de Vijver, Lucy P. L., primary, Kardinaal, Alwine F. M., additional, van Duyvenvoorde, Wim, additional, Kruijssen, Dick A. C. M., additional, Grobbee, Diederick E., additional, van Poppel, Geert, additional, and Princen, Hans M. G., additional

Published
1998
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31. Lycopene and Myocardial Infarction Risk in the EURAMIC Study

Author

Kohlmeier, L., primary, Kark, J. D., additional, Gomez-Gracia, E., additional, Martin, B. C., additional, Steck, S. E., additional, Kardinaal, A. F. M., additional, Ringstad, J., additional, Thamm, M., additional, Masaev, V., additional, Riemersma, R., additional, Martin-Moreno, J. M., additional, Huttunen, J. K., additional, and Kok, F. J., additional

Published
1997
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32. DDT (dicophane) and postmenopausal breast cancer in Europe: case-control study

Author

van 't Veer, P., primary, Lobbezoo, I. E, additional, Martin-Moreno, J. M, additional, Guallar, E., additional, Gomez-Aracena, J., additional, Kok, F. J, additional, Kardinaal, A. F M, additional, Kohlmeier, L., additional, Martin, B. C, additional, Strain, J. J, additional, Thamm, M., additional, van Zoonen, P., additional, Baumann, B. A, additional, and Huttunen, J. K, additional

Published
1997
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33. Association Between Toenail Selenium and Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in European Men: The EURAMIC Study

Author

Kardinaal, A. F. M., primary, Kok, F. J., additional, Kohlmeier, L., additional, Martin-Moreno, J. M., additional, Ringstad, J., additional, GOmez-Aracena, J., additional, Mazaev, V. P., additional, Thamm, M., additional, Martin, B. C., additional, Aro, A., additional, Kark, J. D., additional, Delgado-Rodriguez, M., additional, Riemersma, R. A., additional, van Veer, P. t, additional, and Huttunen, J. K., additional

Published
1997
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37. Dietary supplementation of different doses of NUTRIOSE®FB, a fermentable dextrin, alters the activity of faecal enzymes in healthy men.

Author

van den Heuvel, Ellen G. H. M., Wils, Daniel, Pasman, Wilrike J., Saniez, Marie-Hélène, and Kardinaal, Alwine F. M.

Subjects
DEXTRINS, DIETARY supplements, GLUCOSIDASES, GLYCOSIDASES, FOOD additives, NUTRITION
Abstract

Background It is well documented that fermentation of carbohydrates that escape digestion exert several effects supposed to be beneficial for (colonic) health, including an increase in stool volume, a shorter intestinal transit time, production of short chain fatty acids and a decrease of colonic pH (Kritchevsky 1988). NUTRIOSE®FB is a dextrin that is not completely hydrolysed and absorbed in the small intestine, due to many α-1.6 linkages and the presence of non-digestible glucoside linkages (e. g. α-1.2 and α-1.3). To be beneficial for ‘colonic’ health effective NUTRIOSE®FB must reach the cecum in some form. Aim of the study To estimate how much non digested NUTRIOSE®FB is fermented and to determine the fibrelike effect of the wheat dextrin NUTRIOSE®FB by analysing enzymatic activity in faeces. Methods In a randomized, double-blind,multiple dose, placebo-controlled, combined cross-over and parallel trial, 20 healthy men (age 31.7±9.1 yrs; BMI 24.5±2.9 kg.m-² received different treatments. One group of ten subjects consumed on top of their diet 10, 30 and 60 g daily of NUTRIOSE®FB or maltodextrin (placebo). The other group of 10 subjects consumed 15, 45 and 80 g daily. Each dose was consumed for 7 days. On the last two days of each of the 7-day period, faeces were collected in which the enzymatic activity and NUTRIOSE®FB residue were analysed. Results As expected, the faecal residue of NUTRIOSE®FB non-linearly increased with the dose of NUTRIOSE®FB to approximately 13% of 80 g/d. Compared with the placebo, 30, 45, 60 and 80 g/d of NUTRIOSE®FB increased the concentration of α-glucosidase significantly. All daily doses of NUTRIOSE®FB (10 g/d to 80 g/d) led to significant changes in concentration of β-glucosidase. Conclusions The small amount of the residue of NUTRIOSE®FB in the faeces suggests that approximately 87% or more of NUTRIOSE®FB is digested or fermented in the gastrointestinal tract. Fermentation of NUTRIOSE®FB led to an increased faecal concentration of α and β- glucosidase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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39. Short-term digestive tolerance of different doses of NUTRIOSE®FB, a food dextrin, in adult men.

Author

van den Heuvel, E. G. H. M., Wils, D., Pasman, W. J., Bakker, M., Saniez, M.-H., and Kardinaal, A. F. M.

Subjects
DEXTRINS, DISEASES in men, DIET, FOOD, CARBOHYDRATES, NUTRITION
Abstract

OBJECTIVE:: To determine the tolerance of increasing dosages of an incompletely hydrolysed and/or incompletely absorbed food dextrin coming from wheat starch, NUTRIOSE®FB, at daily levels of 10 and 15?g up to 60 and 80?g, respectively. DESIGN:: A randomized, double-blind, multiple dose, placebo-controlled, combined crossover and parallel trial. SETTING:: The metabolic ward of TNO Nutrition and Food Research. SUBJECTS:: A total of 20 healthy men (age 31.7±9.1?y; BMI 24.5±2.9?kg/m2). INTERVENTION:: One group of 10 subjects consumed on top of their diet 10, 30 and 60?g of NUTRIOSE®FB or maltodextrin (placebo) daily. The other group of 10 subjects consumed 15, 45 and 80?g daily. Each dose was consumed for 7 days. RESULTS:: Compared with placebo, flatulence occurred more frequently over the last 6 days on 30, 60 or 80?g/day of NUTRIOSE®FB (P<0.05). During the last 24?h, that is, days 6-7, of 60 and 80?g/day of NUTRIOSE®FB, the frequency of flatulence was even higher (P<0.05). During the last 24?h on a daily dose of 60?g NUTRIOSE®FB, the frequency of defecation decreased (P<0.05). Bloating occurred more often during the last 24?h on 80?g/day of NUTRIOSE®FB (P<0.05). None of the doses of NUTRIOSE®FB resulted in diarrhoea. Compared to baseline levels, breath H2 excretion, which was only measured after a week with 10 and 15?g of NUTRIOSE®FB daily, increased (P<0.05). However, no difference in area under the curve was found. CONCLUSIONS:: NUTRIOSE®FB is a fermentable carbohydrate and is well tolerated up to a dose of 45?g daily. Higher daily dosages (60 and 80?g) may result in flatulence, but does not result in diarrhoea. SPONSORSHIP:: TNO Nutrition and Food Research was assigned by Roquette Frères to perform the study.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2004) 58, 1046-1055. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601930 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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40. Association between toenail scandium levels and risk of acute myocardial infarction in European men: the EURAMIC and Heavy Metals Study.

Author

Gómez-Aracena, Jorge, Riemersma, Rudolph A., Bode, Peter, Gorgojo, Lydia, Kark, Jeremy D., Gomez-Gracia, Enrique, Aro, Antti, Martin-Moreno, Jos&eacuet; M., Veer, Pieter Van't, Wedel, Hans, Kok, Frans J., Fernández-Crehuet, Joaquin, Gutiérrez-Bedmar, Mario, Garcia-Rodríguez, Antonio, and Kardinaal, Alwine F. M.

Subjects
MYOCARDIAL infarction, SCANDIUM, TOENAILS, ANTIOXIDANTS, HEAVY metals, LYCOPENE
Abstract

The association between scandium status and risk of acute myocardial infarction (MI) was examined in a multicentre case control study in 10 centres from Europe and Israel. Scandium in toenails was assessed in 684 cases and 724 controls less than 70 years of age. Mean concentrations of toenail scandium were 6.74 μg/kg in cases and 7.75 μg/kg in controls. Scandium among controls, adjusted for age and centre was positively associated with concentrations of lycopene and oleic acid in adipose tissue (P =0.002 for both nutrients). Pearson correlations adjusted for age and centre were significant (P <0.05) between scandium and lycopene (r =0.08), zinc (r =0.08), mercury (r =0.18) and oleic acid (r =0.21). Overall, cases had lower levels of scandium than controls after adjustment for age and centre (case control ratio, 0.87; 95% CI 0.79-0.96). This association persisted after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors (case-control ratio 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.98). The risk of MI at high scandium levels was reduced after adjustment for age and centre (P -trend=0.04). Further adjustments for BMI, history of hypertension, smoking, alcohol intake, diabetes, family history of CHD, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, lycopene, selenium and mercury slightly attenuated this trend (P =0.055). Our results suggest that toenail scandium level is associated with a reduced risk of acute MI, but we are uncertain whether this element can really play a protective role in the development of CHD. Without an identified plausible mechanism, these results should be regarded as preliminary and should be tested in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

41. Phyto-oestrogen excretion and rate of bone loss in postmenopausal women.

Author

Kardinaal, A. F. M. and Morton, M. S.

Subjects
*OSTEOPOROSIS in women, *ESTROGEN, *EXCRETION
Abstract

Provides information on a study which tested whether the rate of postmenopausal bone loss is inversely associated with long-term urinary excretion of phyto-oestrogens. Theoretical background; Methodology; Results and discussion.

Published
1998
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43. Plasma oxysterols and angiographically determined coronary atherosclerosis: a case control study.

Author

Poppel, Geert Van, Vijver, Lucy P. L. Van De, Schuil, Truus Kosmeyer, Johanns, Earl S. D., Kardinaal, Alwine F. M., Bovenkamp, Peter Van De, Kruyssen, Dick A. C. M., and Kok, Frans J.

Subjects
OXYSTEROLS, ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Abstract

Several in vitro and in vivo experiments have implicated oxysterols in the aetiology and progression of atherosclerosis. Oxysterols may be formed endogenously by oxidation of cholesterol and thus may form a marker of LDL oxidation. They may also be obtained exogenously through dietary intake. We investigated the association of oxysterols with the degree of coronary stenosis in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Cases with severe coronary atherosclerosis 80 stenosis in one of the major coronary vessels, n =80 were compared with controls with no or minor stenosis 50 stenosis in all three major coronary vessels, n =79 . Cases and controls were prestratified on age, gender and smoking habits. Evaluated were plasma levels of unesterified 7 hydroxycholesterol, 7 hydroxycholesterol, 25 hydroxycholesterol, 7 ketocholesterol, cholestane triol and 5,6 epoxycholestanol. 7 Hydroxycholesterol made up 67 of the total amount of plasma oxysterol concentration and was the only one significantly higher in cases 1.53 mu g per 100 ml vs 1.27 mu g per 100 ml, p 0.05 . Further, cases had somewhat higher LDL cholesterol levels and significantly lower HDL cholesterol levels than controls. After multivariate adjustment to account for this difference in lipid levels and for the prestratification factors the mean difference between cases and controls for 7 hydroxycholesterol 0.14 mu g per 100 ml was no longer significant. Also the other oxysterols showed no significant association with the degree of coronary stenosis. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed an adjusted odds ratio of 1.07 95 CI, 0.45-2.59 in the highest tertile of total plasma oxysterol level. We conclude, that this study does not support the hypothesis that plasma oxysterols form an additional risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1997
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45. Plasma coenzyme Q10 concentrations are not decreased in male patients with coronary atherosclerosis

Author

Vijver, L. P. L., Weber, C., Kardinaal, A. F. M., Grobbee, D. E., Hans Princen, Poppel, G., and Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding

Subjects
Adult, Male, Ubiquinone, Drug derivative, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, Case control study, Major clinical study, Antioxidants, Electron Transport, Plasma, Risk Factors, Diastolic blood pressure, Smoking habit, Humans, Ubiquinol, Nutrition, Aged, Angiocardiography, Ubidecarenone, Coronary artery atherosclerosis, Cholesterol, LDL, Middle Aged, Coronary Arteriosclerosis, Cholesterol blood level, Blood, Metabolism, Case-Control Studies, Coenzyme Q10, Coronary atherosclerosis, Antioxidant, LDL oxidation, Oxidation reduction reaction, Controlled study, Oxidation-Reduction
Abstract

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an important mitochondrial electron transfer component and has been postulated to function as a powerful antioxidant protecting LDL from oxidative damage. It could thus reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Thus far, beneficial effects of supplementation with CoQ10 have been reported. To study the relation between unsupplemented concentrations of plasma CoQ10 and coronary atherosclerosis, we performed a case-control study among 71 male cases with angiographically documented severe coronary atherosclerosis and 69 healthy male controls free from symptomatic cardiovascular disease and without atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid artery. Plasma CoQ10 concentrations (mean ± SE) were 0.86 ± 0.04 vs. 0.83 ± 0.04 μmol/l for cases and controls, respectively. The CoQ10/LDL-cholesterol ratio (μmol/mmol) was slightly lower in cases than in controls (0.22 ± 0.01 vs. 0.26 ± 0.03). Differences in CoQ10 concentrations and CoQ10/LDL-cholesterol ratio did not reach significance. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the risk of coronary atherosclerosis calculated per μmol/l increase of CoQ10 was 1.12 (0.28-4.43) after adjustment for age, smoking habits, total cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure. We conclude that an unsupplemented plasma CoQ10 concentration is not related to risk of coronary atherosclerosis. Chemicals/CAS: ubidecarenone, 303-98-0; Antioxidants; Cholesterol, LDL; coenzyme Q10, 303-98-0; Ubiquinone, 1339-63-5

46. Alcohol intake and risk of breast cancer: The euramic study

Author

Miguel Ángel Royo-Bordonada, Martín-Moreno, J. M., Guallar, E., Gorgojo, L., T Veer, P., Mendez, M., Huttunen, J. K., Martin, B. C., Kardinaal, A. F. M., Fernández-Crehuet, J., Thamm, M., Strain, J. J., Kok, F. J., Kohlmeier, L., Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and Unión Europea. Comisión Europea

Subjects
Europe, Risk, Postmenopause, Alcohol Drinking, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Body Mass Index
Abstract

To evaluate the association of alcohol intake with the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women, we analyzed the data from an international case-control study conducted in five European countries (FRG, Switzerland, Northern Ireland, the Netherlands and Spain). Information on alcohol intake was available in 315 cases and 364 controls. Medians for the tertiles of alcohol intake among current drinkers were 1.7, 6.0, and 20.0 g/day. Adjusted relative risks (and 95% confidence intervals) of breast cancer for each tertile of intake in current drinkers, compared to never drinkers, were 1.00 (0.60-1.67), 1.01 (0.60-1.73), and 1.18 (0.69-2.03). The adjusted relative risk for ex-drinkers was 1.73 (1.07-2.79). Among both current drinkers and ex-drinkers, the relative risk was higher for those with body mass index above the median compared to those with body mass index below the median. These results do not support a dose-response effect of alcohol on breast cancer risk, although consumption levels were too low to exclude increased risk with high regular intake. Further research is necessary to evaluate the risk of developing breast cancer among ex-drinkers and the potential interaction between body mass index and alcohol drinking. Thc EURAMIC Study was supported as an European Community Concerted Action by the Commission of the European Communities (con-tracts number MR4*/265/NL and MR4*/CT91/0369[SSMA]). The natio-nal studies were financed by grants from the Dutch Ministry of Health, the Spanish "Fondo de Invcstigacioncs Sanitarias" (91E0575), the German Fe-deral Health Office, the Cancer Research Switzerland (AKT76), the Swiss National Science Foundation (32-9257-87), the Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation, the Ulster Cancer Foundation and Milk Intervention Board (co-responsibi-lity Levy Disbursement Reg EEC 110/90 Contract 77.2). Sí

47. Association Between Toenail Selenium and Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in European Men: The EURAMIC Study

Author

Kardinaal, Alwine F. M., Kok, Frans J., Kohlmeier, Lenore, Martin-Moreno, José M., Ringstad, Jetmund, GÓmez-Aracena, Jorge, Mazaev, Vladimir P., Thamm, Michael, Martin, Blaise C., Aro, Antti, Kark, Jeremy D., Delgado-Rodriguez, Miguel, Riemersma, Rudolph A., van Veer, Pieter 't, Huttunen, Jussi K., Kardinaal, Alwine F. M., Kok, Frans J., Kohlmeier, Lenore, Martin-Moreno, José M., Ringstad, Jetmund, GÓmez-Aracena, Jorge, Mazaev, Vladimir P., Thamm, Michael, Martin, Blaise C., Aro, Antti, Kark, Jeremy D., Delgado-Rodriguez, Miguel, Riemersma, Rudolph A., van Veer, Pieter 't, and Huttunen, Jussi K.

Abstract

The association between selenium status and risk of acute myocardial infarction was examined in a multicenter case-control study in 10 centers from Europe and Israel in 1991-1992. Selenium in toenails was assessed for 683 nonfatal male cases with first acute myocardial infarction and 729 controls less than 70 years of age. Median toenail selenium content was 0.553 μg/g for cases and 0.590 μg/g for controls. After adjustment for age, center, and smoking, the odds ratio for myocardial infarction in the highest quintile of selenium as compared with the lowest was 0.63 . The observed inverse trend was somewhat stronger when the authors adjusted for vitamin E status (p = 0.05). Analysis stratified for smoking habits showed an inverse association in former smokers (odds ratio for the 75th-25th percentile contrast = 0.63 (95 percent confidence interval 0.43-0.94)), but not in current smokers (odds ratio = 0.97 ( 0.71-1.32)) or in those who had never smoked (odds ratio = 1.55 (0.87-2.76)). Analysis stratified by center showed a significant inverse association between selenium levels and risk of myocardial infarction for Germany (Berlin) only (75th to 25th percentile odds ratio = 0.62 (95 percent confidence interval 0.42-0.91)), which was the center with the lowest selenium levels. It appears that the increased risk of acute myocardial infarction at low levels of selenium intake is largely explained by cigarette smoking; selenium status does not appear to be an important determinant of risk of myocardial infarction at the levels observed in a large part of Europe. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 145: 373-9

48. Lycopene and Myocardial Infarction Risk in the EURAMIC Study

Author

Kohlmeier, Lenore, Kark, Jeremy D., Gomez-Gracia, Enrique, Martin, Blaise C., Steck, Susan E., Kardinaal, Alwine F. M., Ringstad, Jetmund, Thamm, Michael, Masaev, Victor, Riemersma, Rudolf, Martin-Moreno, José M., Huttunen, Jussi K., Kok, Frans J., Kohlmeier, Lenore, Kark, Jeremy D., Gomez-Gracia, Enrique, Martin, Blaise C., Steck, Susan E., Kardinaal, Alwine F. M., Ringstad, Jetmund, Thamm, Michael, Masaev, Victor, Riemersma, Rudolf, Martin-Moreno, José M., Huttunen, Jussi K., and Kok, Frans J.

Abstract

A multicenter case-control study was conducted to evaluate the relations between antioxidant status assessed by biomarkers and acute myocardial infarction. Incidence cases and frequency matched controls were recruited from 10 European countries to maximize the variance in exposure within the study. Adipose tissue needle aspiration biopsies were taken shortly after the infarction and analyzed for levels of carotenoids and tocopherols. An examination of colinearity including all covariates and the three carotenoids, α-carotene, β-carotene, and lycopene, showed that the variables were sufficiently independent to model simultaneously. When examined singularly, each of the carotenoids appeared to be protective. Upon simultaneous analyses of the carotenoids, however, using conditional logistic regression models that controlled for age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, smoking, hypertension, and maternal and paternal history of disease, lycopene remained independently protective, with an odds ratio of 0.52 for the contrast of the 10th and 90th percentiles (95% confidence interval 0.33-0.82, p= 0.005). The associations for α- and β-carotene were largely eliminated. We conclude that lycopene, or some substance highly correlated which is in a common food source, may contribute to the protective effect of vegetable consumption on myocardial infarction risk

49. Adipose Tissue Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Content and Breast Cancer in the EURAMIC Study

Author

Simonsen, Neal, Veer, Pieter van't, Strain, John J., Martin-Moreno, José M., Huttunen, Jussi K., Navajas, Joaquin Femández-Crehuet, Martin, Blaise C., Thamm, Michael, Kardinaal, Alwine F. M., Kok, Frans J., Kohlmeier, Lenore, Simonsen, Neal, Veer, Pieter van't, Strain, John J., Martin-Moreno, José M., Huttunen, Jussi K., Navajas, Joaquin Femández-Crehuet, Martin, Blaise C., Thamm, Michael, Kardinaal, Alwine F. M., Kok, Frans J., and Kohlmeier, Lenore

Abstract

The fatty acid content of adipose tissue in postmenopausal breast cancer cases and controls from five European countries in the European Community Multicenter Study on Antioxidants, Myocardial Infarction, and Cancer (EURAMIC) breast cancer study (1991 -1992) was used to explore the hypothesis that fatty acids of the omega-3 family inhibit breast cancer and that the degree of inhibition depends on background levels of omega-6 polyunsaturates. Considered in isolation, the level of omega-3 or omega-6 fat in adipose tissue displayed little consistent association with breast cancer across study centers. The ratio of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids to total omega-6 fat showed an inverse association with breast cancer in four of five centers. In Malaga, Spain, the odds ratio for the highest tertile relative to the lowest reached 0.32 (95% confidence interval 0.13-0.82). In this center, total omega-6 fatty acid was strongly associated with breast cancer. With all centers pooled, the odds ratio for long-chain omega-3 to total omega-6 reached 0.80 for the second tertile and 0.65 for the third tertile, a downward trend bordering on statistical significance (p for trend = 0.055). While not definitive, these results provide evidence for the hypothesis that the balance between omega-3 and omega-6 fat may play a rolein breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 147: 342-52

50. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and flow-mediated dilatation are related to the estimated risk of coronary heart disease independently from each other.

Author

Witte DR, Broekmans WM, Kardinaal AF, Klöpping-Ketelaars IA, van Poppel G, Bots ML, Kluft C, and Princen JM

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Biomarkers blood, Blood Glucose metabolism, Blood Pressure physiology, C-Reactive Protein metabolism, Cholesterol, LDL blood, Coronary Disease epidemiology, Diastole physiology, Dilatation, Pathologic blood, Dilatation, Pathologic epidemiology, Dilatation, Pathologic physiopathology, Female, Fibrinogen metabolism, Humans, Leukocyte Count, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands epidemiology, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Smoking blood, Smoking epidemiology, Smoking physiopathology, Solubility, Statistics as Topic, Systole physiology, Triglycerides blood, Coronary Circulation physiology, Coronary Disease blood, Coronary Disease physiopathology, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 blood, Vasodilation physiology
Abstract

Background: Flow mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) are measures of distinct functions of the endothelium, reflecting nitric oxide (NO)-mediated and pro-inflammatory status, respectively. The comparative value of the two measures in relation to cardiovascular risk is unknown., Objective: To study and quantify the relation between these two measures, and their relative value in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease as estimated by the Framingham risk function., Methods: We performed a single centre population-based study of 85 men and 81 women, aged 18-73 years. Endothelial function was assessed biochemically by sICAM-1 and functionally by FMD. In addition traditional cardiovascular risk factors, CRP, leukocyte count, homocysteine and fibrinogen were determined. Analyses were performed with multivariate linear regression, adjusted for age, gender, and CRP., Results: Median sICAM-1 levels were 217.0 microg/l (interquartile range: 174.0-348.5). Mean FMD was 4.5% (S.D.: 3.9). The regression coefficient for the association between sICAM-1 and FMD was -3.3 microg/l (95% CI: -6.0;-0.6) per percentage rise in FMD, after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, oral contraceptives (OC) use, classical risk factors and CRP. After adjustment for CRP and sICAM-1, the estimated risk of coronary heart disease in the next 10 years varied from 1.55% (95%CI: 0.89; 2.70) in the highest quintile of FMD to 3.92% (95% CI: 2.23; 6.92) in the lowest quintile. For sICAM-1, estimated risk, adjusted for FMD and CRP varied from 1.50% (95%CI: 0.85; 2.64) in the lowest quintile of sICAM-1 to 4.15% (95%CI: 2.35; 7.34) in the highest quintile. P-values for trends were 0.02 and 0.01 for quintiles of FMD and quintiles of sICAM-1, respectively., Conclusion: These findings indicate that sICAM-1 and FMD are related in healthy individuals, independently of cardiovascular risk factors and CRP, and that they are both related to the estimated risk of coronary heart disease, independently of each other.

Published
2003
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