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This study investigated the associations between cultural diversity approaches endorsed by teachers and adolescents' positive and negative intergroup contact in schools. Participants were 984 adolescents (M[subscript age] = 14.66; 62.7% female; 24.8% ethnic minority) involved in a three-wave longitudinal study between 2019 and 2020. Results highlighted that perceived equal treatment by teachers was related to higher positive and lower negative contact over time. However, perceived support for contact and cooperation and interest of teachers in children's cultural background were not related to either positive or negative contact over time. Importantly, the results were replicated across ethnic minority and majority adolescents. This study provides novel insights into the key role that teachers can play in promoting cultural diversity approaches to facilitate harmonious intergroup interactions in schools.

Objective: PCOS, which is known as a symptom complex including menstrual dysfunction (OD) and or hirsutism/androgen excess (HA), and/or polycystic ovaries (PCOM), induces women's health damage beyond this classical criteria. Subphenotypes of PCOS have different clinical properties and criteria, and the metabolical differences between these phenotypes have not been elucidated properly. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the metabolic and endocrinological differences between these sub-phenotypes. Materials and Methods: 63 patients with PCOS followed by Istanbul Research and Education Hospital Endocrinology and Metabolism Department were included in the study. Patients were classified into subgroups according to phenotypes. The phenotype groups were compared according to blood glucose, lipid parameters, and serum hormone levels. MetS ratios between groups were also compared. Results: Androgen excess/hirsutism was the most prominent character with a 95.2% (n=60) rate in this study group, and ovulatory dysfunction was the least prominent one. (n=43, 68.2%) PCOM has been detected in 50 patients (80.8%). Patients were grouped according to PCOS phenotypes. Phenotype C was the most common type, and about 65% of the patients were in this group. Triglyceride levels were statistically significantly higher in the Phenotype A group than in the Phenotype B group (p=0.03). MetS was the highest in the Phenotype A group (45.4%) and the lowest in the Phenotype C group (34.7%). Conclusions: Phenotype C has the highest prevalence in Turkish patients with PCOS, MetS was the highest in Phenotype A, and TG and LDL cholesterol levels were higher in Phenotype A. More studies are needed to explain these differences and their lifetime consequences.

Objective. Prolactinoma, as a common endocrine disorder and the most frequent type of pituitary tumor, acts primarily as a suppressor on the gonadal functions. It is generally successfully treated with dopamine agonists; however, treatment resistance still remains in an unneglectable ratio. In this study, we aimed to identify factors, which may play a role in the treatment response.

Friendships have important implications for adolescents' psychological and social adjustment. However, there is still limited evidence on how different same-ethnic and cross-ethnic friendships are formed and regarding their role in refugee adjustment. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the interplay of parents' and adolescents' same-ethnic and cross-ethnic friendships with adolescents' "own" psychological and social adjustment among refugee adolescents. Participants were 208 Syrian refugees (71.2% female; M[subscript age] = 15.35, SD[subscript age] = 0.95) in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Findings indicated that refugee parents' same-ethnic and cross-ethnic friendships were positively related to their children's same-ethnic and cross-ethnic friendships. Moreover, parents' same-ethnic friendships were negatively linked with adolescents' social well-being, whereas parents' cross-ethnic friendships were positively related to adolescents' social well-being. Furthermore, adolescents' same-ethnic and cross-ethnic friendships were both positively related to adolescents' social well-being, and cross-ethnic friendships were also positively associated with psychological well-being. These findings suggest that adolescents' cross-ethnic friendships mediated the positive associations of parents' cross-ethnic friendships with adolescents' social and psychological well-being. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the protective roles of diverse friendships for refugee adolescents.

Recent developments in the acculturation literature have emphasized the importance of adopting "intergroup perspectives" that provide a valuable background for investigating how acculturation orientations (i.e., maintenance of the culture of origin and the adoption of the destination culture) of adolescents from migrant families are embedded in their proximal socialization contexts. Accordingly, we sought to understand the combined effects of the perceived parents' acculturation orientations and classmates' acculturation preferences on adolescents' own acculturation orientations in two independent cultural contexts, namely North-East of Italy (Study I) and South-East of Turkey (Study II). Participants were 269 (53.2% female; M[subscript age] = 14.77) and 211 (71.1% female; M[subscript age] = 15.37) adolescents from migrant families in Italy and in Turkey, respectively. Findings indicated that adolescents' acculturation orientations were influenced by their perceptions of both parents' acculturation orientations and classmates' acculturation preferences. In addition, the effects of parents' adoption of the destination culture were stronger than the effects of classmates' preferences for adoption of the destination culture in both countries. However, the effects of parents' maintenance of the culture of origin were stronger than the effects of classmates' preferences for maintaining the culture of origin in Turkey, but not in Italy.

The first aim of the present study was to test the construct validity of the Turkish version of the Individuation Test for Emerging Adults - Short Form (ITEA-S) in relation to mother and father. Furthermore, we investigated the associations of gender, age, and perceived individuation in relation to mother and father with attachment dimensions in Turkish emerging adults' romantic relationships. The data was gathered from two independent samples. The first group of participants completed the demographic information form and the ITEA-S, while the second group responded to demographic information form, ITEA-S, and the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R). The results of the first part of the study showed that the Turkish version of the ITEA-S has satisfactory metric characteristics. The hierarchical regression analyses done in the second part of the study indicated that age, gender, and individuation dimensions are important predictors of romantic attachment dimensions. Younger Turkish emerging adults reported more attachment anxiety in their romantic relationships than older emerging adults, and the females reported more attachment avoidance in their romantic relationships than males. Connectedness with mother and self-reliance in relation to both parents were negatively associated with attachment avoidance. Higher perceived maternal intrusiveness, lower connectedness with father and higher fear of disappointing both parents were related to higher attachment anxiety in romantic relationships., Author(s): Savas Karatas [sup.1], Melita Puklek Levpuscek [sup.2], Luka Komidar [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411608.a, 0000 0001 1456 629X, Faculty of Education, Department of Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Maltepe University, [...]

Objective: We aimed to identify metabolic dysfunction in non-functioning adrenal adenomas (NFAAs) and Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) predictability in the practical estimation of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in NFAAs., Subjects and Methods: 134 NFAA patients and 68 control subjects matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were included in the study. After physical, biochemical, and endocrine evaluation, IDF and NCEP ATP III criteria were used to determine MetS. HOMA-IR and VAI were calculated for both study group subjects., Results: MetS was significantly higher in the NFAA patients. The incidence of MetS by IDF and NCEP criteria was 52.9%,48.5% in the NFAI and 32.3%,30.8% in the control group (p < 0.01, p = 0.02). The risk of MetS was increased in NFAA (75.6 vs. 24.4%, p = 0.017, OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.06-1.68). Glucose, HOMA IR, hypertension, and VAI were significantly increased in NFAA patients. The risk of MetS was independently associated with high VAI (79.2 vs. 20.8%, p = 0.001, OR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.70-2.91)., Conclusion: MetS, insulin resistance, and VAI are more prevalant in NFAA patients than in healthy individuals. VAI can be used with high specificity to estimate MetS in NFAA patients.