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Aylin Sari, 1 Zeynep Akdoğan Altun, 1 Cigdem Arifoglu Karaman, 1 Basak Bilir Kaya, 1 Bekir Durmus 2 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Erenkoy Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istinye University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, TurkeyCorrespondence: Aylin SariDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Erenkoy Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital, Semsettin Gunaltay Avenue Sultan Street No. 14, Kadikoy, Istanbul, TurkeyTel +905058396368Fax +902164783123Email mdaylinsari@gmail.comPurpose: This randomized, placebo-controlled study examined the effect of vitamin D replacement therapy on neuropathic symptoms and balance in patients with diabetic neuropathic pain and low vitamin D levels.Patients and Methods: Among the 258 patients, the results in a total of 57 volunteers (32 in the treatment and 25 in the control arm) meeting the inclusion criteria are reported. Symptoms of neuropathic pain were assessed using Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) questionnaire, and presence of polyneuropathy (PNP) was determined by performing electromyography (EMG). Balance was assessed using Berg balance test (BBT). After undergoing these examinations, the patients in the treatment group were intramuscularly (IM) injected with 300,000 IU vitamin D in a liquid formulation and those in the placebo group were IM injected with physiological saline. The DN4 and BBT were repeated after 12 weeks, and the results were compared.Results: The patients in the treatment group showed a significant decrease in total DN4 scores from baseline to the study endpoint compared with the patients in the placebo group (p=0.008). The patients in the treatment group also showed a significant increase in BBT scores from baseline to the study endpoint compared with the patients in the placebo group (p=0.001). Furthermore, in subgroup analysis, these patients showed a significant decrease in electric shock and burning sensation scores from baseline to the study endpoint compared with the patients in the placebo group (p=0.006, p=0.001, respectively).Conclusion: In patients with diabetic neuropathic pain, vitamin D levels should be measured and vitamin D replacement therapy should be administered as required to resolve neuropathic symptoms and to improve balance.Keywords: diabetic neuropathic pain, vitamin D, balance, neuropathic pain symptoms

The main purpose of the present paper is to construct golden semi-symmetric non-metric F-connections on a locally decomposable golden Riemannian manifold and investigate some properties of torsion and curvature tensors of these connections [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: A person is able to perceive where he is in a threedimensional plane. This can be achieved by spatial navigation and spatial memory. Spatial Memory helps us plan a route to a desired location; retrieving and storing the required information in the brain in order to remember where an object or event is. The visual, proprioception and vestibular systems, which ensure balance, are responsible in spatial navigation in humans, while cognitive and memory skills also play role. A possible disfunction in a person's vestibular system has a great effect in his spatial orientation and navigation skills. The Water Maze Test is used for animals, to test their navigation skills. This test is considered the gold standard for animals. The Triangle Completion Test is used to assess the navigation skills of humans. However, there are no normalization values for the currently used test batteries for humans. Our aim in this study is to obtain the normalization and standardization values for the navigation test battery in different age groups. Methods: In our study, by eliminating the visual system, which contributes to balance; we have assed the navigation systems of 153 healthy individuals, with no vestibular or proprioceptive problems. Participants walked on a coordinate plane with their eyes closed. The coordinate plane, with x and y planes included, consisted of squares of 25x25 cm, the whole coordinate plane being 300x300 cm. Seven commands were read to the participants in six different sets. At the end of every command set, we told the participants to go back to where they had started while measuring their reaction and duration time. The said followings were: • Command 1: 1 step forward, 1 step forward, turn right, 1 step forward, 1 step forward, turn right, 1 step forward; • Command 2: 1 step forward, 1 step forward, turn left, 1 step forward, 1 step forward, turn left, 1 step forward; • Command 3: 1 step forward, 1 step forward, turn right, 1 step forward, 1 step forward, turn left, 1 step forward; • Command 4: 1 step forward, 1 step forward, turn left, 1 step forward, 1 step forward, turn right, 1 step forward; • Command 5: 1 step forward, 1 step forward, turn left, 1 step forward, 1 step forward, turn back, 1 step forward; • Command 6: 1 step forward, 1 step forward, turn right, 1 step forward, 1 step forward, turn back, 1 step forward. Normalization values were determined based on the determined age groups, step lengths and the duration time for the person to return to where they had started. The most reliable and consistent of the 6 command sets read to the participants were determined with the statistical analysis. Results: The minimum and maximum deviations on x plane was observed in individuals whose ages are in the range between 21--29 (27.6048±27.27094) and 40--49 (34.7258±34.25272), respectively. On the other hand, for y plane, the minimum and maximum deviations were observed in the groups of individuals whose ages are less than 20 (27.3636±23.94072) and between 21--29 (35.4048±35.93685). However, according to the results obtained from Kruskal- Wallis test conducted for each plane (x and y) demonstrated that, there is statistically no difference in terms of deviations between age groups. According to the results obtained in the x/y plane of Kruskal-Wallis test; it was observed that the 1st command set made the least difference between the groups and most reliable test set for to use. Conclusions: As a result of the analysis, it is recommended that the 1st command set be used as a viable test battery. For future research, we believe that these command set can be used in various diseases ranging from vestibular disorders to dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the value of power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) in assessing the vascularity of skin tumors other than malignant melanoma, and to investigate possible diagnostic criteria to help to distinguish malignant from benign tumors preoperatively. Seventy-one patients with the clinical diagnosis of a skin tumor were initially evaluated by ultrasonography. Then PDUS was performed and the presence and type of vascularity (peripheral or mixed) were investigated. Of the 19 benign and 52 malignant lesions, 3 could not be visualized with US. Forty-nine lesions were found to have vascularity (21 peripheral, 28 mixed-type) on PDUS. Of the malignant lesions, 26 showed mixed and 17 showed peripheral-type vascularity; for benign lesions these numbers were 2 and 4 respectively. The presence of vascularity correlated well with pathological behavior (malignant versus benign) (P = 0.00002), width (P = 0.0001), thickness (P = 0.001), dermal disruption (P = 0.0018), and subdermal extension (P = 0.002) of the tumor; however, the type of vascularity correlated only with thickness (P = 0.014). In relation to malignancy, the sensitivity of the presence of vascularity on PDUS was 88% and the specificity was 63%. These values were 93% and 40% respectively, for the mixed type of vascularity when it was accepted as a feature of malignancy. PDUS may help to distinguish malignant from benign skin tumors during preoperative evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Henoch-Schönlein purpura, although being a systemic vasculitis, mostly involves skin, gastrointestinal system, joints, and kidneys. Testicular involvement is a rare occurrence. A 7-year-old boy with Henoch-Schönlein purpura developed acute scrotum and was referred to rule out testicular torsion. On gray-scale ultrasonography, the testes and epididymis were slightly enlarged, and had heterogeneous and hypoechoic echotexture. The scrotal wall was thickened as well. Color and power Doppler ultrasonography revealed increased vascularity in scrotal contents. Testicular torsion was excluded and the diagnosis of testicular involvement of Henoch-Schönlein purpura was established. Color Doppler US, together with gray-scale findings, can be useful in the evaluation of Henoch-Schönlein purpura with acute scrotum, excluding testicular torsion and preventing unnecessary surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ant genus Temnothorax is one of the most diverse in the Palearctic region, comprising several species with different life histories and uncertain taxonomic backgrounds. Socially parasitic Temnothorax ant species were typically described decades ago, primarily based on traditional morphological traits. In some aspects, these species have come back into the spotlight in recent years, necessitating a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the species of the genus. In this paper, we present a quantitative morphology-based taxonomic revision of the Temnothorax corsicus species group (formerly called Myrmoxenus genus) based on the analysis of 20 continuous morphometric traits collected from 394 worker and 19 traits from 473 gyne individuals belonging to 240 samples. Based on morphometric analyses, we propose junior synonymy for Temnothorax tamarae (Arnol'di, 1968) under T. ravouxi (André, 1896), and T. microcellatus (Soudek, 1925) is revived and is considered a senior synonym of T. menozzii (Finzi, 1924). Detailed descriptions, measurements, distribution, and host usage of all ten species are given. Dichotomous keys to workers, known gynes, and photographs of all species are presented., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Báthori et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Biological diversity often arises as organisms adapt to new ecological conditions (i.e., ecological opportunities) or colonize suitable areas (i.e., spatial opportunities). Cases of geographical expansion followed by local ecological divergence are well described; they result in clades comprising ecologically heterogeneous subclades. Here, we show that the desert ant genus Cataglyphis likely originated in open grassland habitats in the Middle East ∼18 million years ago and became a taxon of diverse species specializing in prey of different masses. The genus then colonized the Mediterranean Basin around 9 million years ago. The result was the rapid accumulation of species, and the appearance of local assemblages containing species from different lineages that still displayed ancestral foraging specialties. These findings highlight that, in Cataglyphis , ecological diversification preceded geographical expansion, resulting in a clade composed of ecologically homogeneous subclades., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Cancer monitoring plays a critical role in improving patient outcomes by providing early detection, personalized treatment options, and treatment response tracking. Carbon-based electrochemical biosensors have emerged in recent years as a revolutionary technology with the potential to revolutionize cancer monitoring. These sensors are useful for clinical applications because of their high sensitivity, selectivity, rapid response, and compatibility with miniaturized equipment. This review paper gives an in-depth look at the latest developments and the possibilities of carbon-based electrochemical sensors in cancer surveillance. The essential principles of carbon-based electrochemical sensors are discussed, including their structure, operating mechanisms, and critical qualities that make them suited for cancer surveillance. Furthermore, we investigate their applicability in detecting specific cancer biomarkers, evaluating therapy responses, and detecting cancer recurrence early. Additionally, a comparison of carbon-based electrochemical sensor performance measures, including sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and limit of detection, is presented in contrast to existing monitoring methods and upcoming technologies. Finally, we discuss prospective tactics, future initiatives, and commercialization opportunities for improving the capabilities of these sensors and integrating them into normal clinical practice. The review highlights the potential impact of carbon-based electrochemical sensors on cancer diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes, as well as the importance of ongoing research, collaboration, and validation studies to fully realize their potential in revolutionizing cancer monitoring., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Pendimethalin (PND) is a herbicide that is regarded to be possibly carcinogenic to humans and toxic to the environment. Herein, we fabricated a highly sensitive DNA biosensor based on ZIF-8/Co/rGO/C 3 N 4 nanohybrid modification of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) to monitor PND in real samples. The layer-by-layer fabrication pathway was conducted to construct ZIF-8/Co/rGO/C 3 N 4 /ds-DNA/SPCE biosensor. The physicochemical characterization techniques confirmed the successful synthesis of ZIF-8/Co/rGO/C 3 N 4 hybrid nanocomposite, as well as the appropriate modification of the SPCE surface. The utilization of ZIF-8/Co/rGO/C 3 N 4 nanohybrid as a modifier was analyzed using. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results showed that the modified SPCE exhibited significantly lowered charge transfer resistance due to the enhancement of its electrical conductivity and facilitation of the transfer of charged particles. The proposed biosensor successfully quantified PND in a wide concentration range of 0.01-35 μM, with a limit of detection (LOD) value of 8.0 nM. The PND monitoring capability of the fabricated biosensor in real samples including rice, wheat, tap, and river water samples was verified with a recovery range of 98.2-105.6%. Moreover, to predict the interaction sites of PND herbicide with DNA, the molecular docking study was performed between the PND molecule and two sequence DNA fragments and confirmed the experimental findings. This research sets the stage for developing highly sensitive DNA biosensors that will be used to monitor and quantify toxic herbicides in real samples by fusing the advantages of nanohybrid structures with crucial knowledge from a molecular docking investigation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The detection and quantification of p-Nitrophenol in environmental samples are important for understanding the extent and impact of environmental pollution, protecting human health, ensuring regulatory compliance, and guiding remediation efforts. The main objective of this work was to investigate the electrochemical performance of a graphene oxide/cellulose nanofibril composite (GO/CNF) modified carbon paste electrode (GO/CNF/CPE) for the sensitive and reliable detection of p-nitrophenol in water samples. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique was employed to enlighten the structure of nanocomposites. The electrochemical behavior of the fabricated electrochemical sensor was characterized via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under optimized analytical conditions, the peak current of the analyte showed a wide linear relationship with its concentration in a range of 3.0 nM-210 μM with a low amount of the limit of detection (LOD) value of 0.8 nM determined by the DPV method. The proposed electrochemical sensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy metrics in real sample analysis of p-nitrophenol., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Global waste production is anticipated reach to 2.59 billion tons in 2030, thus accentuating issues of environmental pollution and health security. 37 % of waste is landfilled, 33 % is discharged or burned in open areas, and only 13.5 % is recycled, which makes waste management poorly efficient in the context of the circular economy. There is, therefore, a need for methods to recycle waste into valuable materials through the resource recovery process. Progress in the field of recycling is strongly dependent on the development of efficient, stable, and reusable yet inexpensive catalysts. In this case, growing attention has been paid to the development and application of nanobiocatalysts with promising features. The main purpose of this review paper is to: (i) introduce nanobiomaterials and describe their effective role in the preparation of functional nanobiocatalysts for the recourse recovery aims; (ii) provide production methods and the efficiency improvement of nanobaiocatalysts; (iii) give a comprehensive description of valued resource recovery for reducing toxic chemicals from the contaminated environment; (iv) describe various technologies for the valued resource recovery; (v) state the limitation of the valued resource recovery; (vi) and finally economic importance and current scenario of nanobiocatalysts strategies applicable for the resource recovery processes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Herein, it was aimed to optimize the removal process of Azithromycin (Azi) from the aquatic environment via CoFe 2 O 4 / NiO nanoparticles anchored onto the microalgae-derived nitrogen-doped porous activated carbon (N-PAC), besides developing a colorimetric method for the swift monitoring of Azi in pharmaceutical products. In this study, the Spirulina platensis (Sp) was used as a biomass resource for fabricating CoFe 2 O 4 /NiO@N-PAC adsorbent. The pores of N-PAC mainly entail mesoporous structures with a mean pore diameter of 21.546 nm and total cavity volume (V total ) of 0.033578 cm 3 . g -1 . The adsorption studies offered that 98.5% of Azi in aqueous media could remove by CoFe 2 O 4 /NiO@N-PAC. For the cyclic stability analysis, the adsorbent was separated magnetically and assessed at the end of five adsorption-desorption cycles with a negligible decrease in adsorption. The kinetic modeling revealed that the adsorption of Azi onto the CoFe 2 O 4 at 25 °C based on the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model at 0.8 g. L -1 at 25 °C based on the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model at 0.8 g. L -1 adsorbent concentration. The Freundlich isotherm model had the best agreement with the experimental data. Thermodynamic modeling indicated the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsorption process. Moreover, the effects of pH, temperature, and operating time were also optimized in the colorimetric Azi detection. The blue ion-pair complexes between Azi and Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 (CBBG-250) reagent followed Beer's law at wavelengths of 640 nm in the concentration range of 1.0 μM to 1.0 mM with a 0.94 μM limit of detection (LOD). In addition, the selectivity of Azi determination was verified in presence of various species. Furthermore, the applicability of CBBG-250 dye for quantifying Azi was evaluated in Azi capsules as real samples, which revealed the acceptable recovery percentage (98.72-101.27%). This work paves the way for engineering advanced nanomaterials for the removal and monitoring of Azi and assures the sustainability of environmental protection and public health., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The first ultrasonic synthesis of [Cu(L) 4 (SCN) 2 ] (L = 1-methylimidazole) nanocomplex was carried out under ultrasonic irradiation, and its photocatalytic performance for the degradation of remdesivir (RS) under sunlight irradiation was comprehensively investigated for the first time in this study. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized photocatalyst were examined by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. The band gap of the synthesized [Cu(L) 4 (SCN) 2 ] nanocomplex was determined to be 2.60 eV by the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy method using Kubelka-Munk formula. The photocatalytic performance of nanocomplex was examined for the removal of remdesivir under sunlight from water for which the results indicated that an amount of 0.5 gL -1 of the [Cu(L) 4 (SCN) 2 ] nanocomplex was sufficient to remove more than 96% remdesivir from its 2 mg L -1 concentration within 20 min, at pH = 6. The kinetic data showed that the photodegradation onto the [Cu(L) 4 (SCN) 2 ] nanocomplex has a high correlation (0.98) with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD) (from 70.5 mg L -1 to 36.4 mg L -1 ) under optimal conditions clearly confirmed the mineralization of the RS drug. The values of ΔS° (-0.131 kJ mol -1 K -1 ) and ΔH° (-49.750 kJ mol -1 ) were negative, indicating that the adsorption process was spontaneous and more favorable in lower temperatures. Moreover, the RS structure in the open shell state and the high HOMO and LUMO gaps based on the M06/6-31 + G (d) level of theory may be a confirmation of this fact. In addition, the Hirshfeld surface analysis (HSA) of the crystal packing of the prepared complex was discussed in detail to evaluate the interactions between the crystal packings. The results of this study confirm that the [Cu(L) 4 (SCN) 2 ] nanocomplex can be successfully used for the photodegradation of pharmaceutical contaminants., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

p_Aminophenol, namely 4-aminophenol (4-AP), is an aromatic compound including hydroxyl and amino groups contiguous together on the benzene ring, which are suitable chemically reactive, amphoteric, and alleviating agents in nature. Amino phenols are appropriate precursors for synthesizing oxazoles and oxazines. However, since the toxicity of aniline and phenol can harm human and herbal organs, it is essential to improve a reliable technique for the determination of even a trace amount of amino phenols, as well as elimination or (bio)degradation/photodegradation of it to protect both the environment and people's health. For this purpose, various analytical methods have been suggested up till now, including spectrophotometry, liquid chromatography, spectrofluorometric and capillary electrophoresis, etc. However, some drawbacks such as the requirement of complex instruments, high costs, not being portable, slow response time, low sensitivity, etc. prevent them to be employed in a wide range and swift in-situ applications. In this regard, besides the efforts such as (bio)degradation/photodegradation or removal of 4-AP pollutants from real samples, electroanalytical techniques have become a promising alternative for monitoring them with high sensitivity. In this review, it was aimed to emphasize and summarize the recent advances, challenges, and opportunities for removal, degradation, and electrochemical sensing 4-AP in real samples. Electroanalytical monitoring of amino phenols was reviewed in detail and explored the various types of electrochemical sensors applied for detecting and monitoring in real samples. Furthermore, the various technique of removal and degradation of 4-AP in industrial and urban wastes were also deliberated. Moreover, deep criticism of multifunctional nanomaterials to be utilized as a catalyst, adsorbent/biosorbent, and electroactive material for the fabrication of electrochemical sensors was covered along with their unique properties. Future perspectives and conclusions were also criticized to pave the way for further studies in the field of application of up-and-coming nanostructures in environmental applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

A special type of two-dimensional (2D) material based conducting polymer was constructed by green synthesis and in-situ polymerization techniques. The 2D Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS 2 ) were first synthesized with the combination of, ammonium tetrathiomolybdate dissolved in 20 mL algae extract under stirring. After stirring for about 2 h, and then finally sulfurization was initiated using sulfur powder in 20 mL of sulfuric solution and stirred for 8 h. The resulting black precipitates of MoS 2 were collected by centrifugation at 5000 rpm. Moreover, the prepared MoS 2 was functionalized with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and form the MoS 2 @PGMA. Further, the MoS 2 @PGMA is combined with polyaniline (PANI) to form conducting polymer grafted thin film nanosheets named MoS 2 @PGMA/PANI with a thickness in micrometer size through grafting method. The prepared materials were characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, XPS and EDX techniques. To check the performance of materials the adsorption study was performed. Moreover, the adsorption study toward Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ showed a tremendous results and the maximum adsorption was 307.7 mg/g and 214.7 mg/g respectively. In addition, the pseudo-first and second order models as well as the adsorption isotherm were investigated using the Langmuir and Freundlich model. The results were best fitted with the pseudo-second order and Langmuir models. The regeneration study was also conducted and MoS 2 @PGMA/PANI nanosheets can be easily recycled and restored after five successful recycling. The established methodology for preparing the 2D materials and conducting polymer based MoS 2 @PGMA/PANI nanosheets is expected to be applicable for other multiple applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)