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Retigabine (RTG, Ezogabine, DC23129) is the first neuronal potassium channel opener in the treatment of epilepsy and exerts its effects through the activation of neuronal KCNQ2/3 potassium channels; in higher doses, it acts also on sodium and voltage-gated calcium channels. The aim of this study was to investigate possible age-dependent therapeutic effects of RTG on spike-and-wave discharges (SWD) in an animal model of absence epilepsy using WAG/Rij rats. In this study, 6- and 12-month-old WAG/Rij rats were used. For both age categories, three sub-groups that consisted of one control group (n=7) by the administration of 20% DMSO (control) and two study groups by the administration of 5 mg/kg (n=7) and 15 mg/kg RTG (n=7) were designed. EEG electrodes were placed onto the skull of anaesthetized animals; and baseline EEG was recorded for one hour after a recovery period from surgery. Then, the pre-determined two distinct doses of RTG and 20% DMSO were administered as a solvent via intraperitoneal injections, and EEG was recorded for 3 hours. After injection, both doses of RTG increased the total SWD number and duration of SWD in the first and second hours in 12-month-old rats. These parameters were elevated compared to 6-month-old rats. Age-dependent effects of RTG were observed in SWD activity. Pro-epileptic effects in middle-aged WAG/Rij rats were demonstrated in both RTG doses. Differences in the distribution of KCNQ2/3 channels and switch of GABAergic system from inhibitory to excitatory with age might contribute to increased SWD activity in middle-aged rats.

Introduction: Tularemia has reemerged and spread throughout Turkey, and the number of cases has increased. In this study, we report on a waterborne outbreak of tularemia in the spring of 2013 in a region which was previously disease-free, and we investigated the reasons for the outbreak. Methodology: The index case, a 17-year-old male, was diagnosed with oropharyngeal tularemia. An outbreak investigation was initiated after receiving information from other patients with similar symptoms from the same village along with Balkıca, Tavas, and Denizli. An epidemiological and environmental investigation was conducted. Tonsil swab specimens/lymph node aspirates collected from patients, and water samples collected from unchlorinated drinking water sources, were cultured. Additionally, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on these samples. Serum samples from patients were analyzed for antibody response. Results: A total of 7 patients were found in this outbreak investigation. The attack rate was found to be 1% among the people of the village and 25% among patients’ family members. The drinking-water system was contaminated with F. tularensis during this outbreak. Conclusions: Lack of appropriate water infrastructure and sanitation was the primary reason for this tularemia outbreak in Turkey. Improving the water source infrastructure and sanitation should be the primary approach to preventing tularemia outbreaks.

While acyclovir, a nucleoside analogue, is widely used for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), emergence of drug-resistant viruses due to frequent usage of this class of medicines, and their toxic side effects require exploring novel active molecules. Despite the studies on developing synthetic molecules in medical sciences and pharmacology, herbs as a natural source of biologically-active compounds remain popular. In this in vitro study, olive leaf extract (OLE) and propolis alone or in combination with acyclovir were investigated for their antiviral efficacy in HSV-1.Toxic doses of OLE, propolis, and dimethyl sulfoxide, propolis diluent, for Hep-2 (ATCC, CCL-23) cells were determined by conventional cell culture. Using "endpoint" method, the viral dose infecting half of the cell culture (TCID50) was calculated, and viral quantity was determined with Spearman-Karber method. Antiviral effects of OLE and propolis on HSV-1 were investigated by conventional cell culture and real-time cell analysis (RTCA). Combinations of the two extracts with one another and with acyclovir were evaluated by RTCA. Active substances prepared at three different dilutions were added to tubes with HSV-1 of logTCID50: 11.5 in descending order starting from the highest non-toxic concentration, and they were left at room temperature for two different durations (one hour and three hours). The aliquots taken from the tubes were cultured in plates containing Hep-2 cells and evaluated after 72 hours. Combinations of extracts and acyclovir at concentrations at least four times lower than the lowest concentration showing antiviral efficacy against HSV-1 were cultured with Hep-2 cells in the e-plates of the xCELLigence RTCA device, measurements were obtained at 30 minute intervals, and data were recorded in real time. In the test with two different durations and at different concentrations of OLE and propolis, antiviral efficacy was observed both with one-hour and three-hour incubation at a concentration of 10 μg/ ml for propolis and 1.2 mg/ml for OLE with RTCA. The duration and concentration of the greatest decrease in viral quantity were in the first one hour and 10 μg/ml for propolis, and in the first one hour and 1.2 mg/ ml for OLE. Combination of propolis and OLE with acyclovir caused no cytopathic effects, and the combination of extracts led to delayed cytopathic effect. According to these results, propolis and OLE, alone and in combinations with acyclovir, have antiviral efficacy against HSV-1. These agents may reduce the dose and side effects of acyclovir in case of co-administration since they exert their effects through a different mechanism than acyclovir,possibly through direct virucidal activity, inhibition of virus internalization or viral inhibition in early stages of replication (inhibition of adsorption/binding of viral particles to the cell). These extracts that do not require conversion to active form have the potential to reduce infectivity in oral lesions, prevent spread, and be used in the topical treatment of acyclovir-resistant HSV infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. However, in vivo studies should be conducted to determine their medicinal properties and potential toxicities. These results should be supported by further comprehensive studies and the efficacy against other viruses should also be investigated.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare left and right leg balance parameters in young female handball players. Methods: 13 athletes (age: 15.07±0.19 years, height: 162.23±5.70 cm, weight: 57.38±4.39 kg, BMI 21.92±0.23 kg/m², training age: 4.23±1.36 years) volunteered for the study. Normality test of the data was done using Shapiro-Wilk test, and variation homogeneity was tested using Levene’s Test of Homogeneity of Variance. When the data showed non-parametric characteristics, Mann Whitney U-Test was used; when it was parametric, Independent Sample Test was used. SPSS 17 Software was used for statistical analysis, and the significance was determined as p≤0.05. Results: The results showed that when mean speed of left and right leg forward-backward velocity of the athletes was analysed, a significant difference was found in favour of the right leg (p≤0.05). Furthermore, a significant difference was found in favour of the right leg between means of the left and right leg perimeter of the athletes (p≤0.05). However, there found no difference between means of the left and right leg lateral velocity and ellipsis area of the athletes (p≥0.05). Conclusion: These results may show that due to the training ages of the athletes (4 years), branches of the athletes did not affect the results and their improvement were still in progress. It could also be due to the dominant leg of all the athletes being their right leg and/or due to the differences in their leg strength. The most important limitation of this study could be the fact that leg strength values were not included in the study. Generally, in handball, when the dominant arm of the athlete is their right, the leg at the opposite side is the one used for jumping. Nevertheless, in individual leg balance tests done with both legs, it is expected there be no difference between the values. For these differences not to cause any sport injuries and not to negatively affect the technical move performances, it is advised that coaches have lower extremity strength and balance exercises symmetrically done.

Amac: Calismanin amaci kas esnekligini arttirmaya yonelik Aletli Yumusak Doku Mobilizasyonu yontemi olan Graston Teknigi ile Statik Germe Egzersizleri uygulamasini etkinlik yonunden karsilastirmaktir. Materyal ve Yontem: Calismaya Duzce Universitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakultesinde ogrenim gormekte olan ogrencilerden 5 kadin 13 erkek ogrenci gonullu olarak katilmistir (Yas=21,5± 2,9yil). Graston Teknigi ve Statik Germe Egzersizleri birer hafta arayla katilimcilara uygulanmistir. Esnekligi degerlendirilecek olan Latissimus Dorsi kasi icin egzersizler oncesi ve sonrasi esneklik skorlari alinmistir. Tanimlayici veriler ve on test son test farklari icin IBM SPSS surum 22 bilgisayar programinda Wilcoxon Sirali Isaretler testi kullanilmistir. Anlamlilik seviyesi p

Koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19), dünya genelinde yüksek mortalite oranına sahip sağlık acil durumudur. Radyolojik bulguların COVID-19 ile uyumlu olmasının yanında, reverse transkripsiyon- polimeraz zincir reaksiyon (RT-PCR) testinin pozitifliği tanı için gereklidir. Bu çalışmada, 63 yaşında akciğer kanseri ve sistemik lupus eritematozus (SLE) öyküsü olan, öksürük ve nefes darlığı ile başvuran bir kadın hasta sunuldu. Toraks tomografisinde; COVID-19 pnömonisi ile uyumlu olan her iki akciğer alanlarında da yaygın buzlu cam dansiteleri saptandı. İki kez bakılan RT-PCR testi negatif olarak raporlandı. Hidroksiklorokin, azitromisin ve piperasilin-tazobaktam tedavisi sonrası anlamlı bir radyolojik düzelme görülemedi. SLE’nin akciğer tutulumu olabileceği düşünülerek metilprednizolon başlanan hastanın semptomlarında ve radyolojik bulgularında iyileşme izlendi. Altta yatan hastalıklar COVID-19 enfeksiyonunu taklit edebilir veya hastalığın belirti ve bulguları COVID-19 ile birlikte görülebilir., Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) is a worldwide health emergency which has a high mortality ratio. Diagnosis requires a positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test however there are radiological findings strongly suggest the diagnosis of COVID-19. Here we reported a 63-year-old woman presented with cough and dyspnea and medical history of lung cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Chest computed tomography demonstrated widespread ground glass opacities in both lung fields that have been reported to be compatible with COVID-19 pneumonia. RT-PCR test was negative for twice and radiological regression after hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and piperacillin-tazobactam was not significant. Considering lung involvement of SLE methylprednisolone was initiated, symptoms and radiological findings improved. The underlying diseases may mimic the COVID-19 infection or the signs and symptoms of the disease may be seen together with COVID-19.

While acyclovir, a nucleoside analogue, is widely used for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), emergence of drug-resistant viruses due to frequent usage of this class of medicines, and their toxic side effects require exploring novel active molecules. Despite the studies on developing synthetic molecules in medical sciences and pharmacology, herbs as a natural source of biologically-active compounds remain popular. In this in vitro study, olive leaf extract (OLE) and propolis alone or in combination with acyclovir were investigated for their antiviral efficacy in HSV-1.Toxic doses of OLE, propolis, and dimethyl sulfoxide, propolis diluent, for Hep-2 (ATCC, CCL-23) cells were determined by conventional cell culture. Using "endpoint" method, the viral dose infecting half of the cell culture (TCID50) was calculated, and viral quantity was determined with Spearman-Karber method. Antiviral effects of OLE and propolis on HSV-1 were investigated by conventional cell culture and real-time cell analysis (RTCA). Combinations of the two extracts with one another and with acyclovir were evaluated by RTCA. Active substances prepared at three different dilutions were added to tubes with HSV-1 of logTCID(50): 11.5 in descending order starting from the highest non-toxic concentration, and they were left at room temperature for two different durations (one hour and three hours). The aliquots taken from the tubes were cultured in plates containing Hep-2 cells and evaluated after 72 hours. Combinations of extracts and acyclovir at concentrations at least four times lower than the lowest concentration showing antiviral efficacy against HSV-1 were cultured with Hep-2 cells in the e-plates of the xCELLigence RTCA device, measurements were obtained at 30 minute intervals, and data were recorded in real time. In the test with two different durations and at different concentrations of OLE and propolis, antiviral efficacy was observed both with one-hour and three-hour incubation at a concentration of 10 mu g/ml for propolis and 1.2 mg/ml for OLE with RTCA. The duration and concentration of the greatest decrease in viral quantity were in the first one hour and 10 mu g/ml for propolis, and in the first one hour and 1.2 mg/ml for OLE. Combination of propolis and OLE with acyclovir caused no cytopathic effects, and the combination of extracts led to delayed cytopathic effect. According to these results, propolis and OLE, alone and in combinations with acyclovir, have antiviral efficacy against HSV-1. These agents may reduce the dose and side effects of acyclovir in case of co-administration since they exert their effects through a different mechanism than acyclovir,possibly through direct virucidal activity, inhibition of virus internalization or viral inhibition in early stages of replication (inhibition of adsorption/binding of viral particles to the cell). These extracts that do not require conversion to active form have the potential to reduce infectivity in oral lesions, prevent spread, and be used in the topical treatment of acyclovir-resistant HSV infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. However, in vivo studies should be conducted to determine their medicinal properties and potential toxicities. These results should be supported by further comprehensive studies and the efficacy against other viruses should also be investigated.

Nephrolepidina praemarginata (Douvill��, 1908) (Fig. 5 D-G) Lepidocyclina praemarginata Douvill��, 1908: 91-92, figs 1, 2, 4a. Nephrolepidina praemarginata ��� Douvill�� 1924: 51-123, pl. 6, figs 4, 6. ��� Gomez Llueca 1929: 1-400, pl. 32, figs 4-10. ��� Flandrin 1935: 251-272, pl. 15, figs 14-18. ��� Poignant 1967: 197-211, pl. V, fig. 2. ��� Gedik 2014: 101, pl. 6, figs 1-14. REMARKS The identification is based only upon axial sections. The small test is inflated, lenticular with a central umbo, so that the shell is thicker towards the center. The diameter of the test ranges from 1.5 to 2.1 mm and the thickness from 0.6 to 0.9 mm. The large, central umbo consists of numerous small pustules (Fig. 5E, G). Lateral chambers are numerous at the surface of test and rosette shaped, and this feature forms a comb-like surface appearance (Fig. 5E). The embryo consists of subspherical small protoconch (diameter 0.25 mm) and reniform deuteroconch (diameter 0.22 mm). Secondary chambers are very small and their sizes are almost equal to each other. The equatorial chambers are subrectangular or rhombic in outline. There are 6-7 orders of lateral chambers in the center of the test., Published as part of Gedik, Fatma & Karadenizli, Levent, 2021, Oligocene larger benthic foraminifera and sedimentation of the Burdur Basin, SW Anatolia, Turkey, pp. 377-389 in Geodiversitas 43 (13) on page 383, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a13, http://zenodo.org/record/5036926, {"references":["DOUVILLE H. 1908. - Observations sur les faunes a foraminiferes du sommet du nummulitique Italien. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, ser. 4, 8 (2): 88 - 95. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 31029129","DOUVILLE H. 1924 - 1925. - Revision des Lepidocyclines. Deuxieme et Troisieme partie. Societe geologique de France, Memoire n. s. 2 (2): 51 - 123.","GOMEZ LLUECA F. 1929. - Los numulitidos de Espana. Com. Invest. Pal. Prehist. Mem., Madrid, 36, 8: 1 - 400.","FLANDRIN J. 1935. - La faune de tizi Renif, pres de Dra el Mizan (Algerie). Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, ser. 5, 5 (4): 251 - 472.","POIGNANT A. 1967. - Apercu sur les lepidocyclines d'Aquitaine, in Commitee Mediterranean Neogene Stratigraphy, Proc. IV Session Bologna 1967. Giornale di Geologia 2: 197 - 216.","GEDIK F. 2014. - Benthic Foraminiferal Fauna of Malatya Oligo- Miocene Basin (Eastern Taurids, Eastern Turkey). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 149: 95 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.19111 / bmre. 91054"]}

Eulepidina sp. (Fig. 5H, I) REMARKS The identification is based only upon axial sections. The test is lenticular, its diameter ranges from 8.1 to 11.2 mm and its thickness from 1.1 to 1.7 mm. The equatorial chambers are polygonal in shape. DISCUSSION ON THE LARGER FORAMINIFERAL RECORD The study of Oligocene hyaline larger foraminifera, based on the biometric study of the nummulitids and lepidocyclinids, from western Taurids, gives insights on their palaeobiogeography in the Tethys. These groups show that they are closely related with the coeval assemblages known from the European basins. The larger benthic foraminiferal association from the Burdur-2 section correlates with the Shallow Benthic Zone (SB) 22, late Rupelian-early Chattian, based on the time range of Nummulites fichteli and Nephrolepidina praemarginata (Cahuzac & Poignant 1997). In the upper part of the Burdur-2 section, N. praemarginata and N. fichteli are associated with Operculina complanata, Eulepidina sp., Asterigerina sp., Planorbulina sp., and Amp- histegina sp. (Fig. 6). Some species of this assemblage have a longer stratigraphical range such as Operculina complanata which extends from the base of the Oligocene to the Late Miocene (Cahuzac & Poignant 1997). This evidence dates the Hayrettin Formation as late Rupelian-early Chattian (SB 22). In the Mediterranean realm, the evolutionary lineage of Nephrolepidina praemarginata - N. morgani - N. tournoueri is used as key criteria in Oligo-Miocene biostratigraphy. Although Douvillé (1908, 1925) reported N. praemarginata from the early Oligocene of Italy and from the Oligocene-Miocene transition in France, Cahuzac & Poignant (1997) demonstrated that this form is limited to the biozone SB 22. This taxon is poorly documented in Turkey. Some specimens of this species have been described in eastern Turkey Numerical SERIES STAGE Age (Ma) Zonation Larger foraminifera M. cushmani / mediterranea M. mediterranea E BURDIGALIAN SB25 N. tournoueri N PLURISPIRALLED MIOGYPSINA Miolepidocyclina spp. E C LOWER M. globulina Aust. howchini O 20.44 I M M. socini M. tani AQUITANIAN SB24 M. gunteri UNISPIRALLED MIOGYPSINA M. GUNTERI GROUP 23.03 M. complanatus / formosensis gr. Num. bouillei SB23 Borelis pygmaea Num. fichteli E M. complanatus N UPPER MIOGYPSINOIDES CHATTIAN E C SB22B LEPIDOCYCLINA O CYCLOCLYPEUS Num. vascus G I L 27.82 O Nephrolepidina praemarginata SB22A Bullalveolina bulloides Eulepidina formosoides LEPIDOCYCLINA BULLALVEOLINA LOWER RUPELIAN Borelis pygmaea Operculina complanata N. VASCUS Num. vascus SB21 Bullalveolina bulloides Num. fichteli N. FICHTELI 33.9 as Nephrolepidina partita based on the presence of coarse granules in the umbonal part of the test (Sirel 2003; Gedik 2014, 2015). According to Sirel (2003), N. praemarginata is associated in the Sarıbuğday section (Elazıǧ region, eastern Turkey) with Nummulites fichteli, N. vascus, N. cf. germanicus, Borelis pygmaea, B. inflata, B. merici, Operculina complanata, Neorotalia lithothamnica, N. pinarensis, N. cf. tectoria, N. viennoti, Austrotrillina asmariensis, Eulepidina sp., Thalmannita sp. and other smaller benthic foraminifera. This foraminiferal association corresponds with the biozones SB 21 and SB 22 of Cahuzac & Poignant (1997). It is present at the Rupelian/Chattian boundary (G. opima opima zone; P 21) in the Kelereşdere section (Muş region, eastern Turkey) which yielded N. partita, B. merici, B. cf. inflata, A. striata, Eulepidina sp. corresponding to the biozone SB 22. According to Özcan et al. (2009), in the Korkuteli area (namely Kabaktepe, Yuvaköy, Hacıbekar sections) and in the Tavas-Burdur Basin (Kızılcaağaç section), N. praemarginata is associated with Eulepidina dilatata, Operculina complanata, Nummulites kecskemetii, Heterostegina assilinoides. This foraminiferal association corresponds to SB 22B (early Chattian). As inferred by Gedik (2014, 2015), N. praemarginata is associated in the Develi section (W of Malatya, eastern Turkey) with Archaias kirkukensis, Austrotrillina asmarien- sis, A. brunni, Peneroplis cf. laevigatus, Nephrolepidina sp. This foraminiferal association corresponds with biozones SB 21, 22 of Cahuzac & Poignant (1997). It occurs at the Rupelian/Chattian boundary in the Edilme section (W Malatya, eastern Turkey) together with Heterostegina assilinoides, Nummulites cf. vascus, Eulepidina cf. formosoides, Risananeiza crassaparies, and Neorotalia lithothamnica corresponding to the biozone SB 22. An early Rupelian to early Chattian (SB 21-22B) age is known for Nummulites fichteli in Europe and Mediterranean area (Cahuzac & Poignant 1997; Sirel 2003; Gedik 2008). This species is known from the lower Oligocene shallow marine deposits in central and southern Iran (SB 21-22A) (Ehrenberg et al. 2007; Van Buchem et al. 2010; Yazdi- Moghadam 2011). In the Denizli Basin, which is located adjacent to the study area, Nummulites fichteli is associated with Nummulites vascus and Operculina complanata, indicating a Rupelian-early Chattian age (SB 21-22; Gedik 2008). Nummulites vascus is a key species for the Oligocene but we did not find it in the examined strata. CONCLUDING REMARKS Southwestern Anatolia has been under the influence of an extension regime since the Oligocene (Seyitoğlu et al. 2004; Karadenizli et al. 2009, 2017), with thick sequences deposited in graben basins opened by normal faults.An example of this system is seen in the Burdur region where a 840 m thick fan sequence developed in a graben basin (Fig. 3). A simple stratigraphic succession developed in the Burdur Fan during the Oligocene, which consists of the Çardak and Hayrettin formations. The ten lithofacies have been grouped into four facies associations (Fig. 2) based on their lateral and vertical relations (Fig. 3). Sedimentary environments of these facies associations show that the Burdur region was invaded by a shallow sea from the west, and that the sea penetrated into Anatolia. The basin fill is controlled by the Burdur Normal Fault which formed the southern edge of the basin. Along this margin, alluvial-fluvial fan and fan-delta facies associations developed, while in the northern part sedimentation was limited to fan-delta successions (Fig. 3). These facies mainly consist of coarse-grained sediments derived from the Taurus tectonic unit. There is no evidence for sediment derivation from the metamorphics of the Menderes Massif. A beach facies is present towards the center of the basin (Fig. 3). Ramp-type carbonate platforms also developed depending on the shelf topography in the intervals when clastic input was minimal (Fig. 3). A moderately diverse and well-preserved assemblage of hyaline and porcellaneous larger foraminifera was found in the late Rupelian-early Chattian shallow marine deposits of the Hayrettin Formation in the Burdur Basin, SW Anatolia. The foraminiferal association includes 7 genera. Larger foraminifera from the Hayrettin Formation, classified under the genera Nummulites, Operculina, Nephrolepidina, Eulepidina, Planorbulina, Amphistegina and Asterigerina show close similarity to the coeval assemblages already known from the European and circum-Mediterranean marine sedimentary sequences. Their western Tethyan affinity allowed us to apply the standard biozonation scheme (SB zonation) for our study area in SW Turkey. The late Rupelian-early Chattian age, i.e., SB 22 Zone of Cahuzac & Poignant (1997) for the Burdur-2 section is documented by the presence of Nephrolepidina praemarginata, together with Nummulites fichteli. This evidence dates the Hayrettin Formation as late Rupelian-early Chattian (SB 22)., Published as part of Gedik, Fatma & Karadenizli, Levent, 2021, Oligocene larger benthic foraminifera and sedimentation of the Burdur Basin, SW Anatolia, Turkey, pp. 377-389 in Geodiversitas 43 (13) on pages 383-387, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a13, http://zenodo.org/record/5036926, {"references":["CAHUZAC B. & POIGNANT A. 1997. - Essai de biozonation de l'Oligo-Miocene dans les bassins europeens a l'aide des grands foraminiferes neritiques. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France 168: 155 - 169.","DOUVILLE H. 1908. - Observations sur les faunes a foraminiferes du sommet du nummulitique Italien. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, ser. 4, 8 (2): 88 - 95. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 31029129","DEFRANCE J. L. M. 1822. - Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles. Vol. 25. Mineralogie et Geologie. Lerrault, Paris, 483 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 25513731","SIREL E. 2003. - Foraminiferal description and biostratigraphy of the Bartonian, Priabonian and Oligocene shallow-water sediments of the southern and eastern Turkey. Revue de Paleobiologie 22: 269 - 339.","GEDIK F. 2014. - Benthic Foraminiferal Fauna of Malatya Oligo- Miocene Basin (Eastern Taurids, Eastern Turkey). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 149: 95 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.19111 / bmre. 91054","GEDIK F. 2015. - Benthic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of Malatya Oligo-Miocene Succession (Eastern Taurids, Eastern Turkey). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 150: 19 - 50.","OZCAN E., LESS G., BALDI- BEKE M., KOLLANYI K. & ACAR F. 2009. - Oligo-Miocene foraminiferal record (Miogypsinidae, Lepidocyclinidae and Nummulitidae) from the Western Taurides (Sw Turkey): Biometry and implications fort he regional geology. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 34: 740 - 760. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jseaes. 2008.11.002","GEDIK F. 2008. - Foraminiferal description and biostratigraphy of the Oligocene shallow marine sediments in Denizli region, Sw Turkey. Revue de Paleobiologie 27 (1): 25 - 41.","EHRENBERG S., PICKARD N., LAURSEN G., MONIBI S., MOSSADEGH Z., SVANA T., AQRAVI A., MCARTHUR J. & THIRLWALL M. 2007. - Strontium isotope stratigraphy of the Asmari Formation (Oligocene-Lower Miocene), Sw Iran. Journal of Petroleum Geology 30 (2): 107 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1747 - 5457.2007.00107. x","VAN BUCHEM F., ALLAN T., LAURSEN G., LOTFPOUR M., MOALLEMI A., MONIBI S., MOTIEI H., PICKARD N., TAHMASBI A. & VEDRENNE V. 2010. - Regional Stratigraphic Architecture and Reservoir Types of the Oligo-Miocene Deposits in the Dezful Embayment (Asmari and Pabdeh Formations) SW Iran. Geological Society, London, Special Publication 329: 219 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / SP 329.10","SEYITOGLU G., ISIK V. & CEMEN I. 2004. - Complete Tertiary exhumation history of the Menderes massif, western Turkey: an alternative working hypothesis. Terra Nova 16: 358 - 364. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3121.2004.00574. x","KARADENIZLI L., SARAC G., SEN S., SEYITOGLU G., GEDIK, F., KANGAL O., KAYAKIRAN I., KAZANCI N., GUL A. & ERTEN H. 2009. - Bati ve Orta Anadolu Oligosen Paleocografyasi. Mta Raporu, no: 11225: 1 - 269.","KARADENIZLI L., SEN S. & SARAC G. 2017. - Oligocene Palaeogeographic evolution of DAKAC (Datca-Kale-Acigol) Basin (Southwest Anatolia) and tectonic implication, in KARADENIZLI L. & ASLAN S. B. (eds), 70 th Geological Congress of Turkey, Cultural Geology and Geological Heritage, Abstracts Book. Turkish Chamber of Geological Engineers publications, no: 132: 696 - 697."]}

Operculina complanata (Defrance, 1822) (Fig. 5A, B) Lenticulites complanata Defrance, 1822: 453. Operculina complanata ��� Souaya 1963: pl. 53, figs 1, 2. ��� Cherif 1980: pl. I, figs 4, 10; pl. II, figs 1, 5. ��� Abdelgany 2002: pl. II, figs 2-4. ��� Sirel 2003: pl. III, figs 1-9. ��� Gedik 2008: pl. 2, figs 6-10. REMARKS The test is thin, bilateral and symmetric. Its diameter ranges from 2.5 to 2.9 mm, and the thickness from 0.4 to 1.8 mm. The test is planispiral and evolute, with numerous narrow chambers in many rapidly expanding whorls, so that the height of the chambers may be five times the width of the chambers (Fig. 5A, B). The proloculus is spherical and small (90 �� diameter)., Published as part of Gedik, Fatma & Karadenizli, Levent, 2021, Oligocene larger benthic foraminifera and sedimentation of the Burdur Basin, SW Anatolia, Turkey, pp. 377-389 in Geodiversitas 43 (13) on page 383, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a13, http://zenodo.org/record/5036926, {"references":["DEFRANCE J. L. M. 1822. - Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles. Vol. 25. Mineralogie et Geologie. Lerrault, Paris, 483 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 25513731","SOUAYA F. J. 1963. - On the foraminifera of Gebel Gharra (Cairo-Suez Road) and some other Miocene samples. Journal of Paleontology 37 (2): 433 - 457.","ABDELGANY O. 2002. - Lower Miocene Stratigraphy of the Gebel Shabrawet area, North Eastern Desert Egypt. Journal of African Earth Sciences 34: 203 - 212. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0899 - 5362 (02) 00019 - 2","SIREL E. 2003. - Foraminiferal description and biostratigraphy of the Bartonian, Priabonian and Oligocene shallow-water sediments of the southern and eastern Turkey. Revue de Paleobiologie 22: 269 - 339.","GEDIK F. 2008. - Foraminiferal description and biostratigraphy of the Oligocene shallow marine sediments in Denizli region, Sw Turkey. Revue de Paleobiologie 27 (1): 25 - 41."]}

Nummulites fichteli Michelotti, 1841 (Fig. 4 A-J; 5C, J) Nummulites fichteli Michelotti, 1841: 296, figs 7a, b. ��� Cole 1960: pl. 3, figs 9-18. ��� Schaub 1981: pl. 50, figs 5-18. ��� Sirel 2003: pl. II, figs 12-19. ��� Gedik 2008: pl. 1, figs 1-14, 22. Nummulites intermedius D���Archiac, Sirel & G��nd��z, 1976: pl. I, figs 5-9. REMARKS This reticulate species belongs to the N. fabianii lineage. This form has inflated lenticular shell with rounded periphery. The diameter of test ranges from 2 to 6.4 mm and the thickness from 0.5 to 1.8 mm. The test surface is covered with a reticulation that has rectangular or subrectangular mesh (Fig. 4A, C-E; Fig. 5C). The large microsphere (diameter 0.3 to 0.4 mm) is followed by the regular coiled whorls., Published as part of Gedik, Fatma & Karadenizli, Levent, 2021, Oligocene larger benthic foraminifera and sedimentation of the Burdur Basin, SW Anatolia, Turkey, pp. 377-389 in Geodiversitas 43 (13) on page 383, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a13, http://zenodo.org/record/5036926, {"references":["COLE W. S. 1960. - Upper Eocene and Oligocene larger Foraminifera from Viti Levu, Fiji. U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 374 - A: 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.3133 / pp 374 A","SCHAUB H. 1981. - Nummulites et Assilines de la Tethys paleogene. Taxonomie, phylogenese et biostratigraphie. Memoires suisses de Paleontologie 104 - 106: 236.","SIREL E. 2003. - Foraminiferal description and biostratigraphy of the Bartonian, Priabonian and Oligocene shallow-water sediments of the southern and eastern Turkey. Revue de Paleobiologie 22: 269 - 339.","GEDIK F. 2008. - Foraminiferal description and biostratigraphy of the Oligocene shallow marine sediments in Denizli region, Sw Turkey. Revue de Paleobiologie 27 (1): 25 - 41.","SIREL E. & GUNDUZ H. 1976. - Kirklareli yoresi (Kuzey Trakya) denizel Oligosen'inin stratigrafisi ve Nummulites turleri. Turkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bulteni 19: 155 - 158."]}

Background: Ankle inversion injures are frequently encountered in Sport and most time players go back to sport with some residual deficits in ankle joint like instability and inefficient motor control of the ankle segment. For prevention some balance tests and digital balance devices are used to improve motor control ankle segment and balance skill. But in these approaches, balance tests are not effective and digital devices are not affordable in general usage. Biomechanical Balance Platform Device (BBPD) is designed to measure reaction time of motions of the ankle segment during dynamic balance performance to monitor motor control of ankle segment. The aim of the study is to assess internal consistency of the measurements obtained from BBPD to determine reliability of the device.Participants: Twenty athletes (19,2 ± 1,1 years) participated the study. Three measurement sessions were organized two days apart. It was told to the participants not to perform exercise with high intensity (non-tiring activity) until measurements complete.Results: In statistical analyzing the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for estimating internal consistency of the measurements of tree trials. In determining best result of reaction time score, the Cronbach’s Alpha (CA) was 0,89 value, in number of reaction movements the CA was 0,92 value. So the reliability of the device determined as highly reliable.Discussions: The aim of the study was to determine level of the reliability of the BBPD. In the light of the results BBPD can be used as a rehabilitation or training device to rehabilitate injured athletes and to get athletes improve motor control in order not to encounter ankle injuries.

WOS: 000464106600016 Objective: Tularemia was first detected in Thrace region in our country and the outbreaks continued in the region over the following years. The fact that the agent has been identified in mice around Kaynarca in 2012 suggests the disease poses a risk for our region. Aim of this study was to investigate tularemia incidence and presence of Francisella tularensis in streams/mains water in a risky region of Thrace. Methods: In this study, seropositivity for tularemia was investigated in 13 villages, and 1 town in risky areas of the Thrace region. In January 2016, blood was drawn from 746 people and tularemia microagglutination tests were applied. Seropositivity was not detected. In December, 464 of 746 people were reached. Seroconversion was not observed. In addition, culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures were applied to specimens collected from mains water and streams in 13 villages and 1 town. Results: The causative agent wasn't isolated from the cultures but F. tularensis DNAs were detected by PCR method in 2 stream, and 3 mains water samples. One of the streams passed through the village of Celaliye, which was very close to Kaynarca, where tularemia cases were seen in the past. The other was farther, passing through the Kavakli town in which no cases has been reported. The mains water which were positive were from Hamzabey, Ceylankoy, and Tatarkoy villages located around Kaynarca. Molecular examination after chlorination was repeated in the water sources in which positivity was detected, and it was seen that the agent was eliminated. Conclusions: In this study, incidence was calculated as zero, although the causative agent was found in the water. Although no seropositivity was detected, the detection of the agent by PCR in 5 water samples showed that the agents in the nature could reach the water resources. It has been observed that surveillance studies in risky areas could be effective in preventing possible outbreaks.