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WOS:000836307400001 PubMed ID:35894109 In this research, the co-dopant effects on photoluminescence (PL) properties of SrAl2O4:Dy3+ phosphors were studied. The phosphor powders were prepared with solid state reaction, which is the method that is frequently preferred in SrAl2O4 phosphors and efficient results are obtained in terms of PL properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of all co-doped samples were fitted with pdf card#01-034-0379. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis supports the phase evolution determined in the XRD results. PL examinations started with the SrAl2O4 that was synthesized with the addition of boron, and then continued with the doped/and co-doped samples. Except for the Sm3+ co-doped phosphor, PL data of characteristic Dy3+ transitions were obtained for other lanthanide and metal ion co-dopants. The strongest PL intensity was demonstrated in the SrAl2O4:Dy3+,V5+. SrAl2O4:Dy3+,Sm3+ phosphor shows both the Dy3+ and Sm3+ ions transition related peaks appeared in the same spectrum. In the continuation of the studies, SrAl2O4:Dy3+,Sm3+ and SrAl2O4:Dy3+,V5+ powders were immersed in water for 2 h. Regardless of the presence of Dy3+ luminescent centers and other co-dopants, broadband and intense blue emission peak at 445 nm was recorded which is directly related to newly formed phases by the decomposition of SrAl2O4.

Calcium aluminate, CaAl2O4 is efficient and well known host material for inorganic phosphors. Although this host structure is mostly doped with Eu2+, different types of rare earth ions have also been studied. In this study, attention was drawn to CaAl2O4 type phosphors doped with Dy3+ and Sm3+ at different concentrations. Ca1-xAl2O4: Dy3+x (x= 0.008, 0.012, 0.02, 0.03) and Ca1-yAl2O4: Sm3+y (y= 0.008, 0.012, 0.02, 0.03) phosphors were synthesized as powder samples through the solid-state reaction method. After heat treatments, monoclinic CaAl2O4 structure was confirmed for all rare earth doped samples by the XRD analysis. PL characteristics of samples depend on activator ion. The PL emission spectra of Dy3+ doped powder samples show two strong bands at 484 nm and 577 nm which are attributed to a typical 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 and 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 transitions of Dy3+ ions. Sm3+ activated phosphors have the emission peaks at 565 nm, 604 nm, 649 nm, and 712 nm which are assigned to Sm3+ transitions: 4G5/2 → 6H5/2, 4G5/2 → 6H7/2, 4G5/2 → 6H9/2, 4G5/2 → 6H11/2, respectively. The Commission International De IEclairage (CIE) 1976 chromaticity coordinates were evaluated from the emission spectra in two different rare earth ion doped phosphors, the values (uꞌ = 0.21805, vꞌ = 0.52537) and (uꞌ = 0.36078, vꞌ = 0.54567) were colors of yellow-orange and brick red, respectively. Consequently, synthesized Ca1-xAl2O4: Dy3+x (x= 0.008) and Ca1-xAl2O4: Sm3+y (y= 0.008) phosphors emitting in different color regions can be useful for LED’s and display applications., Kalsiyum alüminat, CaAl2O4, inorganik fosforlarda oldukça işlevsel ve iyi bilinen bir konut malzemedir. Bu konut yapıdaki fosforlar çoğunlukla Eu2+ ile katkılanmakla birlikte farklı tipte nadir toprak iyonları da çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada CaAl2O4 tipindeki konut yapı, Dy3+ ve Sm3+ ile farklı konsantrasyonlarda katkılanmıştır. Ca1-xAl2O4: Dy+3x (x= 0.008, 0.012, 0.02, 0.03) ve Ca1-yAl2O4: Sm+3y (y= 0.008, 0.012, 0.02, 0.03) fosforları toz numuneler halinde katı-hal tepkimesi yöntemiyle sentezlenmişlerdir. Isıl işlemlerden sonra XRD analizi yapılarak nadir toprak iyonları katkılı fosfor tozları monoklinik CaAl2O4 yapısında indislenmiştir. Fotolüminesans özellikler katkı iyonuna bağlı olarak belirlenmiştir. Dy+3 katkılı fosforlara ait 484 nm ve 577 nm iki belirgin pik, 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 ve 4F9/2 → 6H13/2: Dy+3 geçişlerine aittir. Sm3+ katkılı fosforlarda ise 565 nm, 604 nm, 649 nm, and 712 nm’deki pikler 4G5/2 → 6H5/2, 4G5/2 → 6H7/2, 4G5/2 → 6H9/2, 4G5/2 → 6H11/2: Sm+3 geçişleri ile ilgilidir. Commission International De IEclairage (CIE) 1976 renklilik diyagramından faydalanılarak fosfor tozlarına ait ışıma dalga boylarına bağlı olarak belirlenen (uꞌ = 0.21805, vꞌ = 0.52537) ve (uꞌ = 0.36078, vꞌ = 0.54567) koordinatlarına göre sırasıyla Dy+3 iyonları sarı-turuncu bölgede, Sm+3 iyonları ise kiremit kırmızısı renk bölgelerinde ışımaların oluştuğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak iki farklı alternatif nadir toprak iyonu ile katkılanan CaAl2O4 fosforlarının LED’lerde ve görüntü oluşturma uygulamalarında değerlendirilmeleri mümkündür.

WOS:000586398900005 In this research, Eu3+ activated and Dy3+-co-doped Y2O3 based phosphors have been synthesized by solid-state reaction method under open atmosphere. The host lattice is composed of 0.25 moles of Sc2O3 which is added to phosphor composition. Thus, Sc3+ substitution of Y3+ ions is implemented to form Y1.40Sc0.50O3 host lattice. The thermal analysis (DTA/TG) have been carried out from 50 degrees C to 1400 degrees C for preliminary examination of thermal behavior of phosphors during heat treatments. After the heating process, the phase formations are characterized by X-ray diffraction resulted as Y2O3 single phase cubic structure. The effects of Eu3+ and Dy3+ dopant ions on the photoluminescence and phase formation properties of the hosts are investigated and determined as Dy3+-co-doped phoshor has the reduced excitation/emission intensities as well as decay lifetimes. The authors would like to thank Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Scientific Research Projects Commission (BAP, project number: 11-M-17), Republic of Turkey for financial support. The authors are grateful to Prof. Dr. Adil Denizli from Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry and Biochromatography and Biodiagnostics Research Group for their kind helps.

WOS: 000365929400004, Akermanite type Ca2MgSi2O7 phosphors activated with different types of rare earths have been synthesized through a solid state reaction method under weak reducing atmosphere and/or open atmosphere. The phase properties of the samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction and the effects of rare earth ions (Eu2+/3+, Dy3+, Ce3+, Sm3+ and Pr3+/4+) and calcination atmosphere on the luminescence properties of the Ca2MgSi2O7 host are investigated by using a photoluminescence spectrometer. The comparative results of SEM and laser particle size analysis reveal that the relatively regular morphology, smaller.particle size and narrow size distribution can be achieved for the phosphor synthesized by the solid state reaction method including dry-milling below 170 mesh. In the photoluminescence investigations, all the activator ions show different emissions for Ca2MgSi2O7 host lattice. The results show that the luminescence properties of rare earth ions activated Ca2MgSi2O7 host are also highly dependent on the calcination conditions., Small and Medium Enterprises Development Organization Projects (KOSGEB), Republic of Turkiye, The authors thank the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Organization Projects (KOSGEB), 2011/7, Republic of Turkiye, for the financial support.

A phenomenon of light emission by certain materials after exposure to an excitation source is called luminescence. Long persistent phosphors are those having very long afterglow emission or phosphorescence, in some cases even longer than a whole day, and a large application fields. Afterglow is caused by trapped electrons or holes produced during the excitation. The long persistent phosphorescence mechanism of the inorganic phosphors activated by rare earth ions have been attempted to be explained by many researchers. During the last decade, the researches on the development of new persistent phosphors and the improvement of their life time have been considerably conducted. In the present study, the effects of praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11) doping in SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+, Y3+phosphor on the luminescence efficiency and phosphorescence properties were investigated. Additionally, after the production, the possible application of the most suitable pigment developed during the study onto artistic glasses was searched., Bir uyarım kaynağına maruz bırakılan bazı malzemelerin kaynak uzaklaştırıldıktan sonra da ışık yayınımına devam etmeleri olayına lüminesans adı verilmektedir. Uzun ışıldama süreli fosforlar, çok geniş bir zaman diliminde, hatta bazen bütün bir gün boyunca bu yayınımı yapabilen ve fosforesans özellik sergileyen, oldukça geniş uygulama alanına sahip malzemelerdir. Işıldamada kalıcılık, uyarım süresince tuzaklanan elektronlar veya meydana gelen boşluklar neticesinde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Nadir toprak iyonları tarafından aktive edilen inorganik fosforlarda uzun süre kalıcı fosforesans mekanizması birçok araştırmacı tarafından açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Son 10 yılda araştırmacılar yeni kalıcı fosforların geliştirilmesi ve sönümlenme ömürlerinin iyileştirilmesi üzerine başarılı çalışmalar gerçekleştirmişlerdir. Bu araştırmada, SrAlO4:Eu+2, Dy+3, Y+3 sistemindeki fosfora prasedmiyum oksit (Pr6O11) katkılamasının lüminesans verimine ve fosforesans özelliklere etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, optimum özelliklere sahip şekilde geliştirilen fosforesans pigmentlerin sanatsal camlarda uygulanması üzerine çalışmalar yapılmıştır

Tez çalışmalarında, katı hâl tepkimesi yöntemi ile esas kristal Ca2MgSi2O7 kullanılarak, karanlıkta belirli dalga boyunda (~360 nm UV-A lamba) ışık altında beyaz bölgede ışıldama yapan pigmentler (Ca2MgSi2O7: Ce+3) sentezlenmiştir. Ayrıca, kırmızı (Ca2MgSi2O7: Sm+3) ve sarı-yeşil (Ca2MgSi2O7: Eu+2, Dy+3) bölgede ışıldama yapan pigmentler de üretilmiştir. Uyarıcı kaynak altında beyaz bölgede ışıldama yapan ışıldar tozlar üçüncü pişirim (dekor pişirimi) duvar karosu vetroza uygulamaları ile sanatsal cam objelerde kullanılarak hem dekoratif/işlevsel yeni ürünlerin üretimi hem de üretilen pigmentlerin tekrar ısıya maruz kaldıklarında davranışlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmış ve laboratuvar ortamında denemeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. In the thesis, the pigments (Ca2MgSi2O7: Ce3+) having Ca2MgSi2O7 that absorb light in a certain wavelength (~360 nm, UV-A lamp) and emit in the white region were produced via solid state reaction method. Also, the pigments that emit in the red (Ca2MgSi2O7: Sm3+) and yellow-green (Ca2MgSi2O7: Eu2+, Dy3+) region were produced. Afterwards it was sought to derive decorative or functional new ceramic products by using those pigments emitting in the white region for 3rd firing (decor firing) wall tile vetrosa and glaze applications as well as the investigation of behaviour of pigments which were exposed to heat over agai, so the experiments were carried out in the laboratory. 104

A phenomenon of light emission by certain materials after exposure to an excitation source is called luminescence. Long persistent phosphors are those having very long afterglow emission or phosphorescence, in some cases even longer than a whole day, and a large application fields. Afterglow is caused by trapped electrons or holes produced during the excitation. The long persistent phosphorescence mechanism of the inorganic phosphors activated by rare earth ions have been attempted to be explained by many researchers. During the last decade, the researches on the development of new persistent phosphors and the improvement of their life time have been considerably conducted. In the present study, the effects of praseodymium oxide (Pr₆O₁₁) doping in SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺, Y³⁺phosphor on the luminescence efficiency and phosphorescence properties were investigated. Additionally, after the production, the possible application of the most suitable pigment developed during the study onto artistic glasses was searched., Bir uyarım kaynağına maruz bırakılan bazı malzemelerin kaynak uzaklaştırıldıktan sonra da ışık yayınımına devam etmeleri olayına lüminesans adı verilmektedir. Uzun ışıldama süreli fosforlar, çok geniş bir zaman diliminde, hatta bazen bütün bir gün boyunca bu yayınımı yapabilen ve fosforesans özellik sergileyen, oldukça geniş uygulama alanına sahip malzemelerdir. Işıldamada kalıcılık, uyarım süresince tuzaklanan elektronlar veya meydana gelen boşluklar neticesinde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Nadir toprak iyonları tarafından aktive edilen inorganik fosforlarda uzun süre kalıcı fosforesans mekanizması birçok araştırmacı tarafından açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Son 10 yılda araştırmacılar yeni kalıcı fosforların geliştirilmesi ve sönümlenme ömürlerinin iyileştirilmesi üzerine başarılı çalışmalar gerçekleştirmişlerdir. Bu araştırmada, SrAl₂O₄:Eu⁺², Dy⁺³, Y⁺³ sistemindeki fosfora prasedmiyum oksit (Pr₆O₁₁) katkılamasının lüminesans verimine ve fosforesans özelliklere etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, optimum özelliklere sahip şekilde geliştirilen fosforesans pigmentlerin sanatsal camlarda uygulanması üzerine çalışmalar yapılmıştır.

Sohn International Symposium on Advanced Processing of Metals and Materials -- AUG 27-31, 2006 -- San Diego, CA, WOS: 000241785700049, Boron minerals are widely employed in various fields such as ceramic, glass, cement, metallurgy, etc. Although boron deposits of the world are limited, the production level of boron-based products is continuously increased. Turkiye possesses approximately 73% of total world boron resources. Etibor Kirka Borax Company of Turkiye produces tincal concentrates and borax pentahydratcs. During such productions considerable amounts of concentration and derivation wastes appear. Having considered the increased rate of production it is quite obvious that the level of relevant wastes will also be raised. With this study it was aimed to utilize these wastes in roof tile and brick bodies and to convert them into a form environmentally and human friendly. Newly produced products were undergone to several standard tests for the determination of their shrinkage, water absorption, strength values and coloring parameters. Additionally, micro structural studies were conducted., Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Acad Mexicana Ciencias Mat, Amer Foundry Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, APMI Int, ASM Int, Asociac Argentina Mat, Assoc Iron & Steel Technol, Assoc Italiana Met, Australasian Inst Min & Met, Austrian Soc Met & Mat, Beijing Gen Res Inst Min & Met, Benelux Met, Brazilian Assoc Mat & Met, Brunei Darussalam Inst Chem, Ceram Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Chem Soc Pakistan, Chem Soc Peru, Chilean Chem Soc, Chinese Soc Met, Cobalt Dev Inst, Colegio Ingenieros Chile, CSIRO, Czech Soc New Mat & Technologies, Danish Ceram Soc, Danish Chem Soc, Danish Met Soc, Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Engn Conf Int, Eurometaux, European Ceram Soc, Federat European Mat Soc, Georgian Ceram Soc, German Soc Min, Met, Resource & Environm Technol, Gintsvetmet Inst, Gipronickel Inst, JS, Hellen Ceram Soc, Indian Inst Met, Inst Nonferrous & Rare Met, Inst Mat Engn Australasian, Inst Mat, Minerals & Min, Inst Met & Technol, Inst NonFerrous Met, Inst Argentino Siderurgia, Integrated Chemists Philippines, Int Aluminium Inst, Int Energy Fdn, Int Lead Zinc Res Org Inc, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Israel Chem Soc, Japan Inst Met, Jordanian Chem Soc, Korean Acad Sci & Technol, Korean Chem Soc, Korean Inst Chem Engineers, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Malaysian Inst Chem, Mat Res Soc, Mat Soc Portugal, Met Sco CIM, Min Engn Int, Min & Mat Proc Inst Japan, Nonferrous Met Soc China, N Amer Thermal Anal Soc, Polish Assoc Met Engineers & Technicians, Portugese Chem Soc, Slovak Met Soc, Slovenian Ceram Soc, Slovenian Soc Mat, Soc Francaise Chimie, Soc Francaise Met & Mat, Soc Royal Chimie, Soc Min, Met & Explorat, Soc Chem Engn Japan, S African Inst Min & Met, Swedish Soc Mat Technol, Swedish Steel Producers Assoc, Technol Inst VZW, Amer Ceram Soc, Chem Soc Thailand, Finnish Assoc Min & Met Engineers, Canadian Min Journal, Ferrous Met Journal, Ind Minerals, Journal Tech Elect Mat, Magnesium Monthly Review, Mat Engn News, Mineral & Met Proc, Mineral Proc Journal, Min Journal, Nonferrous Met Journal, Ore & Met Publishing House, European Journal Min Proc & Environm Protect, Ausmelt, FLOGEN Technologies Inc, Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Korea Zinc Co Ltd, LS Nikko Copper, Outokumpu Technol, Posco, Umicore Precious Met Refining, Xstrata Technol

Yttrium vanadate (YVO4) based undoped and La3+-doped powders were prepared through a solid-state reaction method. The structural characterization carried out with XRD indicating that the samples are crystalline tetragonal type crystal structure of YVO4. XRD of the YVO4: La3+ powder contain same YVO4 diffraction lines and no other lanthanum related impurity and/or secondary phases were detected. Both undoped and La3+-doped YVO4 samples show combined white light emission peaks appeared at 478, 571 and 613 nm. The higher intensity of peaks located at 478 and 571 nm in YVO4: La3+ sample can be attributed to O2−-La3+ and O2−-V5+ charge transfer mechanisms. Besides, photocatalytic activities of the undoped and La3+ doped YVO4 samples were investigated under the UV light irradiation monitoring the aqueous solution of methylene blue (MB) dye. Hence, the effects of La3+ dopant ion on the photoluminescence properties are discussed in detail. While the degradation of MB reaches to 38.8% after 180 minutes of UV light exposure with undoped YVO4, the degradation efficiency of La3+ doped YVO4 reaches 76.7%. Pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant (k) of La3+-doped YVO4 (0.00846 min− 1) is determined 66% greater than undoped one (0.00287 min− 1).

Ca10(PO4)6F2:xEr3+ (x = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) was synthesized using solid-state powder process (1150 °C, 1h), conventional sintering (1150 °C, 1h), and spark plasma sintering (SPS) techniques (1150 °C, 10 min, and 50 MPa). XRD analysis revealed that all samples are generally composed of fluorapatite (FAP) containing quartz as a minor phase, and the presence of Er2O3 peaks is becoming more evident as Er-doped increases. In the SEM microstructure images, non-diffused Er2O3 particles also increase with doping in powder and pellet samples. However, the PL analysis showed that the luminescence intensity did not increase proportionally with the doping content caused by the concentration quenching effect. FAP samples doped with 0.3 mol Er have higher luminescence intensity than 0.1 and 0.5 mol Er-doped samples. In addition, powder samples have the highest luminescence intensity due to increased luminescence intensity with increasing crystallite size. The characteristic 2H11/2 to 4I15/2 emission bands of Er3+ at ∼530 nm are seen in all samples. The maximum average lifetime was obtained in 125 μs in the powder sample with 0.3 mol Er. CIE color coordinates demonstrate the standard green color under ∼ 275 nm excitation; eventually, these phosphors can be utilized as green phosphors for optical applications.

WOS: 000449700700024 In this study, silicate systems, Zn2SiO4 (M = Ca, Zn) were produced by solid state reaction and doped with 1 mol% Eu3+ rare-earth ion. Their heat treatments, which were conducted at 1200 degrees C and above for minimum 3 hours under an open atmosphere, were applied according to the DTA/TG results. Powder X-ray diffraction XRD analyses were performed to determine the phase properties of the phosphor systems after the sintering process. It was proved that the structures of two of the phosphor systems were well formed in except that the Zn2SiO4 had some ZnO secondary phases. The expected photoluminescence (PL) results were presented and the transitions of the Eu3+ ions were observed for both phosphors. Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, the Scientific Research Projects Commission (BAP), Republic of Turkey [17-M-14] The authors would like to thank the Karamano. glu Mehmetbey University, the Scientific Research Projects Commission (BAP), the Project Number 17-M-14, Republic of Turkey, for their financial support. The authors are grateful to Prof. Dr. Adil Denizli from Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry and Biochromatography and Biodiagnostics Research Group for their kind help.

WOS:000397003200004 The alkaline orthosilicates of M2SiO4 (M = Ba, Mg, Sr) activated with Dy3+ and co-doped with Ho3+ are prepared through conventional solid-state method, i.e., mixing and grinding of solid form precursors followed by high-temperature heat treatments of several hours in furnaces, generally under open atmosphere and investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to get phase properties and photoluminescence (PL) analysis to get luminescence properties. The thermal behaviours of well-mixed samples were determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA)/thermogravimetry (TG). The PL spectra show that the 478 and 572 nm maximum emission bands are attributed, respectively, to F-4(9/2) -> H-6(15/2) and F-4(9/2) -> H-6(13/2) transitions of Dy3+ ions. Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Scientific Research Projects Comission (BAP), Republic of Turkey We would like to thank to Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Scientific Research Projects Comission (BAP), 18-M-14, Republic of Turkey, for the financial support.

WOS:000425965400022 The aluminate hosts were basically activated with the Eu3+- and Ho3+-ions which were prepared by solid-state reaction in this study. The DTA/TG results were used as a reference for the heat treatments of the samples. The Ba3Al2O6:Eu3+, Ho3+ phosphor was well indexed to the expected phase, and MgAl2O4:Eu3+, Ho3+ could not be indexed as single phase by powder X-ray diffraction analysis to the any major phase in spite of repeated and increased heat treatments for this system. Thus, MgAl2O4 and MgO impurities were obtained. Noteworthy photoluminescent results were obtained since the transitions of Eu3+-ions occurred for both of the samples. Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University's Scientific Research Projects Commission (BAP) in the Republic of Turkey [17-M-14] The authors kindly thank Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University's Scientific Research Projects Commission (BAP, project number: 17-M-14), in the Republic of Turkey for its financial support.

WOS:000348192400036 In this study, we aimed to prepare perovskite-related and Eu3+-activated Mg2TiO4, Ca2TiO4 and (Mg, Ca)(2)TiO4 doped with Eu3+, Li+, and spinel-oxide-type MgAl2O4 doped with Ho3+, Sm3+, and Yb3+ through a solid-state reaction method under open atmosphere. The thermal behaviors of the samples were characterized by DTA/TG. The phase properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction and the effects of rare-earth ions (Eu3+, Ho3+, Sm3+, and Yb3+) on the luminescence properties of the hosts were investigated using a photoluminescence spectrometer. The morphology and elemental analysis of each sample were determined by SEM/EDX. Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Scientific Research Projects Commission (BAP)Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University [48-M-12] The authors would like to thank Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Scientific Research Projects Commission (BAP), project number: 48-M-12.

WOS:000352480800009 Rare earth-doped Mg4Al2O7:Eu3+,Dy3+ and Ca4Al2O7:Eu3+,Dy3+ were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method at 1,400 A degrees C. The phosphors were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, photoluminescence, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray powder diffraction studies show that the Mg4Al2O7:Eu3+,Dy3+ phosphor was crystallized in the triclinic crystal system but that Ca4Al2O7:Eu3+,Dy3+ was not. The phosphors show the characteristic broad band phosphorescence of Eu3+. This broad band phosphorescence has red emission bands in the range of 550-700 nm corresponding to (5) D (0) -> (7) F (j) (j: 1, 2, 3,) transitions of Eu3+. Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University BAPKaramanoglu Mehmetbey University [48-M-12] This work was supported by Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University BAP under Project Number 48-M-12.