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Purpose: This study aimed to assess the impact of radiotherapy on the internal structure complexity of mandibular cortical and trabecular bone and to determine the duration required for a return to healthy values post-radiotherapy., Materials and Methods: Panoramic radiographs from patients undergoing radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma were analyzed before and after treatment. Four groups were formed based on post-radiotherapy radiography timing (0-6 months, 6-12 months, 12-24 months, and 24-36 months), comprising a total of 59 cases and 118 radiographs. Fractal analysis was conducted on four bilateral regions (ROI) in both trabecular and cortical bone on each radiograph. Additionally, measurements of inferior alveolar canal width and mandibular cortical width were performed. Mean and maximum radiation dose values to the mandible were measured, and their correlation with changes in fractal dimension, inferior alveolar canal width, and mandibular cortical width values was assessed., Results: Fractal dimension values in regions over trabecular bone showed a statistically significant decrease in all groups, although no significant difference was observed among the four groups. In ROI-4 from cortical bone, a significant fractal dimension decrease was noted in all groups except the 0-6 month group. The magnitude of fractal dimension decrease was higher in the 12-24 and 24-36 month groups compared to the 0-6 month group. inferior alveolar canal width and mandibular cortical width values significantly decreased post-radiotherapy in all groups, with a consistent decrease across the groups., Conclusions: Radiotherapy induces a reduction in the internal complexity of trabecular and cortical bone structures in the mandible. Osteoradionecrosis risk persists even three years post-radiotherapy, suggesting a cautious approach to interventional procedures on the bone., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest Author Rabia Duman Tepe, Author Kubra Ozkaya Toraman, Author Kivanc Bektas Kayhan, Author Ilknur Ozcan, and Author Hulya Cakir Karabas declare that they have no conflict of interest. All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008 (5). Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study., (Copyright © 2024 The International Society for Clinical Densitometry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This study aims to compare sphenoid sinus variations between unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients and healthy controls using CBCT images. It is notable for its large sample size and comparison of unilateral and bilateral cleft patients, cleft and noncleft sides, and different age groups., Design: Retrospective cohort study., Setting: University Hospital., Patients: CBCT images of 97 CLP patients (76 unilateral, 21 bilateral) and 97 healthy controls were evaluated.Main Outcome Measures : Sphenoid sinus main types, sellar subtypes, clival, and lateral extensions were assessed for all groups., Results: A significant increase in the anterior type was observed in both unilateral and bilateral CLP groups. The bilateral CLP group had a higher prevalence of the lesser wing type. In CLP and control groups, lesser wing, combined type, and lateral type were statistically significantly lower under 13 years of age., Conclusions: The study highlights an elevated prevalence of anterior pneumatization in unilateral and bilateral CLP individuals, emphasizing its significance in surgery planning due to proximity to critical structures like the optic nerve and sphenopalatine artery. The increased prevalence of the lesser wing type in bilateral CLP patients requires extra caution during anterior clinoidectomy. Lower pneumatization rates in CLP patients under 13 suggest their sphenoid sinus development is similar to that of healthy individuals. Understanding these variations is crucial for appropriate surgical planning and avoiding complications during transsphenoidal surgery., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Background: Impacted teeth are commonly asymptomatic and not associated with any pathologic lesions for years. Any change in the size of the follicle associated with impacted teeth may result in odontogenic cysts or tumors. CBCT plays an important role in determining the radiographic features of a lesion and therefore, is very helpful for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning., Objective: This study aims to evaluate radiolucent lesions associated with impacted teeth in terms of age and sex distribution, localization, and comparison with the pathological diagnosis., Methods: In this retrospective study, out of 6758 CBCT images, 400 images revealing radiolucent lesions were detected. The study included only 190 cases (regarding 180 patients) which had a matching histopathological evaluation. Data related to the age and sex of the patients, localization of the lesions, and their comparison with the pathological diagnosis were recorded and analyzed., Results: The most encountered lesions were dentigerous cysts (60%) and odontogenic keratocysts (26.3%). Males were the most affected (63.3%). Most of the lesions were found in the left and right posterior mandible and mostly (66.8 %) associated with third molars. Out of 123 radiological diagnoses of dentigerous cyst cases, histopathological diagnoses confirmed 108 cases. Regarding odontogenic keratocyst, histopathological diagnosis confirmed 40 cases out of 48., Conclusion: Radiological diagnoses of the lesions mostly match with their pathological diagnosis unless their characteristics are changed due to infection. CBCT, as a technique enabling detailed imaging of the involved dental structures, is a helpful instrument for differential diagnosis., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background: X-rays are potential mutagenic agents that can cause both the gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations., Aims: In this study, the micronucleus (MN) test and the comet assay methods are implemented in order to observe the damage that can occur in the cell nucleus and in the structure of DNA of the patients who underwent a panoramic examination., Methods and Materials: In our study, buccal mucosa swabs were obtained just before the radiography and 2 weeks after the radiography from 30 volunteer patients who had to take radiographs due to dental diagnosis. Changes in the nuclei of 1,000 cells of each swab sample had been counted under a light microscope and recorded. Besides, 100 cells of each other swab samples were analyzed by the comet assay. Comet assay parameters namely tail length and percentage of DNA in tail, which indicate the level of DNA damage were analyzed and compared in both groups. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (Version 21)., Results: In our study, the results of percentage of DNA in tail and tail length before and after X-ray exposure were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Likewise, increase in the MN frequency observed in buccal mucosa cells after X-ray exposure was found significant (P < 0.001)., Conclusions: As a result, panoramic radiographs taken during dental diagnosis and treatment cause cytotoxicity and DNA damage in oral mucosal cells. Panoramic radiographs should be applied only when necessary, using an accurate radiographic technique and radioprotection criteria., Competing Interests: None

Objectives: The aim of this retrospective study is to investigate the prevalence, three-dimensional positions and supplementary findings of the presence of a mesiodens by using cone-beam computed tomography., Material and Methods: A total of 5000 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, taken between December 2015 and March 2018, from the archive of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, were screened. In sum, 2003 CBCT scans fulfilled inclusion criteria in this study. In addition to number of mesiodens, age and sex of the patients, shape, eruption status and direction, findings of the presence of a mesiodens were also recorded. Mesiodentes were classified according to their positions in frontal, sagittal and axial planes., Results: In this study, the prevalence of mesiodens was found 5.04% and to be more frequent in males than in females with the ratio of 1.9 : 1. One hundred thirty maxillary mesiodentes were detected in 101 cases out of 2003 CBCT scans. In 77 cases (76.2%), single mesiodens; in 19 cases (18.8%), two mesiodentes; and in 5 cases (4.9%), three mesiodentes were found. According to our classification, mesiodentes were mostly found in between midlines of central incisors (both the crown and root of mesiodens) in frontal plane, impacted and in contact with central incisors in sagittal plane, anterior to nasopalatine canal and in contact with nasopalatine canal in axial plane., Conclusions: Cone-beam computed tomography provides more detailed information about position, neighbouring anatomic structures, and local findings of the presence of mesiodentes in multiplanar sections.