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Having a child with special needs comes with many challenges. To cope with these difficulties, it is necessary to determine the level of compassion and love of parents with children with special needs and provide support to these parents. This study aimed to determine the levels of care burden, compassion, and compassionate love of parents with and without children with special needs. The study was conducted in a case-control design between December 2022 and April 2023. The sample included 48 parents in the group of parents with children with special needs (experimental or case group) and 55 parents in the group of parents with healthy children (control group). Parents' inclusion criteria were: agreement to participate in the research, no known health problems and ability to speak Turkish. Data was collected using the Personal Information Form, the Burden Interview (BI), the Compassion Scale (CS), and the Compassionate Love Scale (CLS). The study findings indicate that the participants' level of education, economic status, and age were associated with having a child with special needs. The educational and economic status of the parents in the case group was significantly lower (p < .05), and their care burden was significantly higher (p < .05). The levels of compassionate love (111.96 ± 16.13) and compassion (80.21 ± 7.67) of the case group were lower than those of the control group, but the difference was not significant. The process of caring for children with special needs is a long and arduous process that involves a larger workforce, high costs, and love and compassion from parents. To reduce the care burden of parents with children with special needs, these parents should be supported. Based on the concept that compassion and levels of compassionate love increase resilience, it is recommended that compassion awareness training be provided to this special group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was conducted to develop a theoretical form based on the Lawshe technique to evaluate the kidney health awareness levels of secondary school students in light of scientific and objective criteria. Material and Methods: A question pool with 26 statements was created by reviewing the literature, and expert opinion (n:6) was taken to create a draft form. As a result of the expert evaluation, it was determined that six statements did not serve the purpose of the form and were removed from the study. The draft trial form with 20 statements was again submitted to expert evaluation (n:11). For construct validity and reliability, content validity criterion (CVC), content validity ratios (CVR), content validity index (CVI), Fleiss Cohen Kappa coefficient and Kendall's W goodness of fit values were calculated. Results: The content validity ratio was calculated for each statement in the trial form, and it was determined that all items in the form except item 14 were above the lower limit of 0.64. The content validity index was calculated for 19 items by taking the arithmetic mean of the content validity ratios, and it was determined that it was 0.89. Results showed that the construct validity of the trial form was statistically significant, as the CVI value (0.89) was higher than the CVC value (0.64). For the reliability of the form, the inter-expert agreement was examined, the Fleiss Kappa coefficient was calculated, and a value of 0.652 was obtained. Conclusions: As a result, this scale, whose validity and reliability are statistically accepted, can be used safely on secondary school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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