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Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Çocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi is the property of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Cocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Çocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi is the property of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Cocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Behcet Uz Children's Hospital is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease in children receiving biological agents for rheumatologic diseases, focusing on appropriate screening tests in a high-priority country for TB control. Patients and methods: One hundred nine children (56 females, 53 males; range, 3.4 to 16.2 years) who received any biological agent for rheumatologic diseases for more than two years between May 2012 and October 2021 were included in this retrospective study. Patients were screened for TB infection using tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). Following the initial evaluation, patients were clinically examined for TB every three months by a comprehensive medical history and physical examination, and every 12 months using TST or IGRA. Results: At the initiation of the biological agent, the patients’ mean age was 12.4±4.5 years. The average follow-up duration was 3.6±1.3 years (range, 2.6 to 10.2 years) for patients treated with biological agents. Each patient had a documented Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination. Before the initiating of therapy, TST was performed alone in 45 (41.3%) patients and in combination with IGRA in 64 (58.7%) patients. In the 64 patients who underwent both TST and IGRA, IGRA revealed nine (14.1%) positive results. Six (66.7%) of these nine patients, however, had negative baseline TST. Four (7.3%) of the 55 individuals whose initial IGRA results were negative also had positive TST results. Overall, no TB disease was observed after a follow-up period. Conclusion: This study reveals that biological agents were not associated with an increased risk of TB disease in closely monitored children. Additionally, the concomitant use of TST and IGRA for screening of TB is reasonable in patients receiving biological agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Çocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi is the property of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Cocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chickenpox, the primary infection of the Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), is usually a benign, self-limiting disease and it rarely causes severe complications. Encephalitis is a rare neurological complication of VZV in previously healthy children. We report on an immunocompetent child without vaccination diagnosed with VZV encephalitis who was treated with acyclovir and methylprednisolone and recovered completely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Çocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi is the property of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Cocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: There is no clear information in the literature about causes of reactivation of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) or indications for readmissions for MIS-C after discharge; as a result, the conditions that may develop after infection in children with MIS-C were discussed, and the reasons for hospitalization were screened. Patients and methods: This single-center retrospective study was conducted with 95 patients (65 males, 30 females; mean age: 92.8±55.5 months; range, 5 to 17 months) between November 11, 2020, and December 30, 2021. Children who were rehospitalized in the study center after their discharge with the diagnosis of MIS-C were included in the study, and the indications for readmissions were evaluated. Results: During the study period, six (6.3%) patients (4 males, 2 females; median age: 114.5 months [interquartile range: 122 months]) had to be rehospitalized. Four of these patients had an underlying disease, while the other two were previously healthy children. Fever was the most common reason for readmissions in half of the patients, while the remaining patients were readmitted with the indications of myocarditis, pneumonia, and posttraumatic pain syndrome. Conclusion: Although no evidence for the reactivation of MIS-C was detected in patients in the literature, it should also be emphasized that close follow-up of these patients is a must, considering possible cardiac complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ANKEM Antibiyotik & Kemoterapi Dergisi is the property of ANKEM Antibiyotik & Kemoterapi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Çocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi is the property of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Cocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Çocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi is the property of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Cocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Çocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi is the property of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Cocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tepecik Education & Research Hospital / İzmir Tepecik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Dergisi is the property of Logos Medical Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Behcet Uz Children's Hospital is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives This descriptive study aimed to compare the clinical and laboratory features of the children with the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), requiring pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), admission with the MIS-C patients who did not require PICU admission. Patients and methods This study was conducted between March 2020 and February 2021 at the University of Health Sciences Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, a referral center for pediatric infectious diseases in the Aegean Region of Turkey. All hospitalized patients aged 18 years old or less with MIS-C according to the definition of the universal guidelines were included in the study. Data of the patients with the diagnosis of MIS-C were recorded and collected from the electronic medical records of the hospital. The data included demographic characteristics, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory findings and clinical data. Results A total of 58 patients with MIS-C were included in this study. Thirty-eight (65.5%) patients were male. The median age was 6 years (2 months–16 years). The patients admitted to PICU were 15 (25.9%). The rate of pulmonary involvement was 81.3% (n = 13) in the PICU group. The median procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, D-Dimer and ferritin values were significantly higher in the PICU group compared to non-PICU group (p < 0.001, p = 0.02, p < 0.001, p = 0.006 and p = 0.031). Conclusions Besides the depressing cardiac functions reported before, the pulmonary involvement and signs of shock are important factors for PICU admission in children with MIS-C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Urological involvement is rare in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Priapism, one of the urological involvements, was reported as one of the COVID-19 comorbidities in the elderly male patient group but has rarely been reported in the pediatric age group. Case. Herein, a previously healthy 8-year-old patient with COVID-19-associated priapism, which is rare in children, is presented. Conclusions. During the pandemic, in pediatric cases with priapism of unknown etiology, COVID-19 should be one of the diagnoses to be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: SARS-CoV-2, emerged in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan in the People's Republic of China affects children as well as all age groups. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of pediatric cases with COVID-19 in the first month of the epidemic in Turkey. Method: This single center cross-sectional study was conducted in University of Health Sciences Dr Behçet Uz Child Diseases and Pediatric Surgery Training and Research Hospital during the period of March 11 - April 20, 2020. Demographic, epidemiological and clinical data were collected from medical records. All patients were confirmed by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Chidren were classified as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critically ill patients. Results: In this study, we reported the clinical characteristics of a case series involving 30 chilren with COVID-19 aged from 23 days to 16 years. Twenty-nine (96.7%) patients had confirmed contact with family members for COVİD-19. The majority of patients were asymptomatic (50%) or had mild symptoms (26.7%). Fever (46.6%) and cough (33.3%) were the most common symptoms. Conclusion: Our study indicated that COVID 19 in children exhibited less severe symptoms and had better outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This descriptive study aimed to evaluate the frequency and the types of mucocutaneous manifestations associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). A cohort of 49 patients was reviewed. There were 6 patients (12.2%) whose mucocutaneous findings were observed by the clinicians on admission, whereas 26 (53%) patients had at least one of the histories of rash or desquamation associated with fever before the admission. Exanthems in our experience demonstrated a variety of morphologies, including morbilliform, urticarial, petechial, and maculopapular forms. Mucosal involvement (conjunctivitis and strawberry tongue) was observed only in 2/6 (34%) patients. In the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic era, while evaluating the criteria for MIS-C, the history of previous cutaneous findings given by parents/caregivers is also important. There was no pathognomonic rash for MIS-C and a variety of cutaneous findings with a short lifespan can be associated with MIS-C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Çocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi is the property of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Cocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the approaches and knowledge levels of pediatric infectious diseases research workers and pediatricians in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis under the guidelines updated by the Ministry of Health in 2019. Method: This survey is a descriptive study applied to pediatric infectious diseases research workers and pediatricians. In the study, a questionnaire form prepared by researchers consisting of questions about sociodemographic features (n:5), knowledge level about tuberculosis (n:20), experience and approaches (n:13) was used. Results: Fifty physicians participated in the study. The average age of participants was 36 years, and 90% of them were women. It was observed that physicians participating in the study had sufficient knowledge of tuberculosis. In terms of their experiences about tuberculosis, it was learned that m. tuberculosis culture (86%), acid-fast-bacilli test (82%), chest radiography (78%) and tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction (66%) were used most frequently for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Most common form of non-pulmonary tuberculosis was lymphadenitis (84%), and the most challenging condition in the treatment of tuberculosis was drug side effect (78%). When drug resistance was questioned, it was seen that 60% of the physicians encountered drug resistance, and the most common drug resistance was against isoniazid (54%). The isolation measures applied to tuberculosis patients were single room admission, and use of a N95 mask in 80%, an ultraviolet protected lamp use in 22%, and negative pressure room monitoring in 32% of the cases. Conclusion: In our country, tuberculosis still retains its importance. For this reason, the information should be updated with in-service training on issues such as diagnosis, treatment, drug resistance and prevention methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PFAPA syndrome is characterized by sudden onset of high fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical lymphadenopathy. This syndrome, which is usually observed in children under 5 years of age and is more common in boys, has a benign course with no long-term sequelae. Although clinical findings are clear enough, as there is no specific test for these diseases, it is sometimes hard to diagnose. In the treatment of PFAPA syndrome, a single dose of oral prednisone (1-2 mg/kg) relieves symptoms quickly but some cases are unresponsive to steroid therapy over time. This case report is of a patient diagnosed with PFAPA, who was unresponsive to steroid therapy and recovered completely with tonsillectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]